Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 15 of 18 ingredients. Check your meds →

Dietary supplement

Beef Liver Ingredients & Drug Interactions

Q: Does Beef Liver by Vital Proteins interact with any medications?

Yes. Based on its ingredients, Beef Liver has a known interaction with 961 medications, including 9 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.

Q: How can one product interact with so many drugs?

Beef Liver contains 18 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.

Q: Where does this information come from?

The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.

Q: Will this product interact with my birth control pills?

Yes, theoretically. Copper in this product may increase with chronic oral contraceptive use, and contraceptives may slightly raise copper levels. The amount in a beef liver supplement is typically small, but if you're concerned, mention it to your pharmacist or doctor — they can monitor copper levels if needed.

Q: Can I take this with my antibiotic?

It depends on which antibiotic. Copper, zinc, and iron in this product can bind to many antibiotics (including quinolones, tetracyclines, and cephalexin), reducing how well the antibiotic is absorbed. Separate this supplement from your antibiotic by at least 2–6 hours, depending on the type. Check the specific antibiotic with your pharmacist.

Q: Is this safe to take while I'm pregnant?

Most ingredients are considered safe at recommended amounts during pregnancy, but vitamin A at high doses can harm fetal development — this product contains vitamin A, so discuss the dose with your prenatal provider before starting. Copper, niacin, and potassium are all needed in pregnancy, but you want to stay within recommended ranges and avoid excess.

Q: What does beef liver actually do for you?

Beef liver is nutrient-dense — it supplies iron for blood health, B vitamins (B6, B12, folate) for energy and nerve function, copper and zinc for immune function, and other minerals like potassium and selenium. This supplement is meant to provide whole-food nutrition rather than treat a specific disease. If you have a documented deficiency, your doctor should guide dosing.

Q: Can this cause side effects?

At typical supplement doses, most ingredients are well tolerated. However, if you take more than the recommended dose, copper can cause toxicity, niacin can cause flushing and liver problems, and high iron or zinc can cause nausea and gastrointestinal upset. Stick to the label dose and talk to your pharmacist if you notice side effects.

Q: Will this work for my anemia?

Iron in this product is effective for iron-deficiency anemia, and vitamin B12 is effective for B12 deficiency. However, anemia has many causes, so you should have your blood work checked by a doctor first to know what type you have and what dose you actually need. Don't self-treat with supplements alone.

by Vital Proteins

See full label image

Capsule Category: Other Combinations

Most serious interaction: Major

Clinical methodology reviewed by Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD

What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Beef Liver against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Beef Liver is a dietary supplement by Vital Proteins with 18 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for preventing or treating copper deficiency, supporting red blood cell formation, bone and connective tissue health.Based on those ingredients, 961 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Niacin, Vitamin A, Selenium. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Beef Liver by Vital Proteins

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Beef Liver by Vital Proteins — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds

AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI

Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Beef Liver by Vital Proteins

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure

Ingredient Transparency · database check

Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?

The label discloses an exact amount for 17 of its 17 active ingredients.
No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Beef Liver by Vital Proteins is a capsule supplement containing 17 ingredients. The active components are beef liver itself plus added micronutrients: copper, niacin, sodium, potassium, zinc, iron, vitamin B6, biotin, selenium, choline, folate, pantothenic acid, hyaluronic acid, riboflavin, vitamin A, and vitamin B12.

These work together to supply the nutrient profile of liver — an organ rich in minerals, B vitamins, and fat-soluble vitamins. The product also contains gelatin and beef liver as inactive ingredients (the capsule shell and base).

Does it work?

Moderate evidence

Evidence for Intended Use · database check

By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?

The label markets this product for: energy, skin health, joints and bones.
We looked for evidence on: Aging skin, Atopic dermatitis (eczema), Joint health, Bone strength, Fatigue.
The strongest evidence on file: Vitamin A is rated "Possibly Effective" for Aging skin (Natural Medicines).
Also on file: Selenium is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Atopic dermatitis (eczema).
Also on file: Pantothenic Acid is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), Atopic dermatitis (eczema).

The evidence for individual ingredients in this product varies widely. Copper is likely effective for copper deficiency and generally well tolerated, though in excess it can be harmful.

Niacin is likely effective for pellagra and possibly effective for certain lipid disorders when used at higher doses under medical supervision. Iron is effective for iron-deficiency anemia and pregnancy-related iron deficiency.

Zinc is effective for zinc deficiency and likely effective for Wilson disease. Vitamin B6 is effective for sideroblastic anemia and vitamin B6 deficiency.

Vitamin B12 is effective for B12 deficiency and Imerslund-Grasbeck disease. For many of the other ingredients — including choline, selenium, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, hyaluronic acid, and folate — the evidence in our data is insufficient to rate their effectiveness for specific conditions, or the data shows they are possibly ineffective for certain uses.

As a whole-food-based supplement, the product is meant to supply nutrients from beef liver rather than to treat a specific disease.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Copper Niacin Sodium Potassium Zinc Iron Vitamin B6 Biotin

How safe is it?

Well-documented data

Safety Information · database check

Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?

We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 15 of the 15 matched ingredients.
Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 15 of 15.
General safety write-ups exist for 15 of 15.
Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Most ingredients in this product are generally well tolerated at the amounts typically found in supplements and food. Copper, niacin, zinc, iron, vitamin B6, selenium, and choline all carry a caution about high doses: excess intake can cause side effects ranging from gastrointestinal upset (nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain) to more serious effects like nerve damage (vitamin B6), liver problems (niacin), or copper toxicity.

Vitamin A at high doses can accumulate in the body and cause liver damage, headache, and skin changes. Biotin, pantothenic acid, and riboflavin are considered very safe even at fairly high doses.

Hyaluronic acid has limited long-term safety data when taken by mouth; it's better studied in topical use. For pregnancy and breastfeeding: copper, niacin, sodium, potassium, zinc, iron, vitamin B6, choline, pantothenic acid, and riboflavin are generally considered safe at recommended amounts during pregnancy and lactation, though you should check with your provider before using high-dose supplements.

Vitamin A carries a caution that high doses (especially as retinol) can cause birth defects in pregnancy. Selenium and hyaluronic acid have limited pregnancy safety data — talk to your doctor before using.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Copper Niacin Sodium Potassium Zinc Iron Vitamin B6 Biotin

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found

Known Interaction Concern · database check

Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?

12 of the 15 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Choline, Potassium, Copper, Iron, Niacin, among others.
The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium; Parkinson's medications.
For scale: 962 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check the following medication types before taking this product, worst severity first: retinoid drugs like tretinoin or isotretinoin (Major risk with vitamin A); then antibiotics including quinolones, tetracyclines, and cephalexin (Moderate risk with copper, zinc, and iron — separate dosing); antihypertensive and blood pressure medications (Moderate risk with niacin, vitamin B6, and sodium); blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (Moderate risk with niacin and selenium); seizure medications like phenytoin and phenobarbital (Moderate risk with vitamin B6); potassium-sparing diuretics and ACE inhibitors or ARBs (Moderate risk with potassium); and liver-toxic drugs (Moderate risk with niacin and high-dose vitamin A). Biotin, pantothenic acid, folate, and hyaluronic acid could not be checked against our interaction data.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is a nutrient-dense supplement for people interested in whole-food-based nutrition from beef liver. If you take medications — especially antibiotics, blood pressure drugs, blood thinners, seizure medications, or retinoid skin treatments — check your specific prescriptions with the tool on this page before adding it.

Pregnant or breastfeeding women should confirm with their healthcare provider that the amounts are appropriate for them. If you have kidney disease, diabetes, or heart conditions managed with potassium-sparing drugs, talk to your pharmacist first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 15 of 17 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 24, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Beef Liver, straight from the product label.

Brand	Vital Proteins
Barcode (UPC)	850232005157
Net contents	120 Capsule(s)
Market status	On market
Date entered into DSLD	Jan 24, 2024
DSLD ID	302844
Product type	Other Combinations
Supplement form	Capsule
Dietary claims / uses	Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s)	Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free

From the label

Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Beef Liver by Vital Proteins, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):

Adults and children 4 or more years of age

Minimum serving Sizes:

4 Capsule(s)

Maximum serving Sizes:

4 Capsule(s)

Servings per container

UPC/BARCODE

850232005157

Ingredient	Amount	% DV
Copper	0.4 mg	20%
Calories	10 Calorie(s)	--
Niacin	1.6 mg	8%
Sodium	5 mg	1%
Potassium	30 mg	1%
Phosphorus	34 mg	3%
Zinc	0.4 mg	3%
Iron	0.6 mg	3%
Vitamin B6	0.04 mg	2%
Biotin	6.9 mcg	2%
Cholesterol	25 mg	8%
Protein	2 Gram(s)	--
Selenium	3 mcg	4%
Choline	41 mg	8%
Folate	55 mcg	14%
Pantothenic Acid	0.2 mg	2%
Hyaluronic Acid	28 mg	--
Riboflavin	0.25 mg	15%
Vitamin A	3500 IU	70%
Vitamin B12	13.6 mcg	227%

Other ingredients: Beef Liver, Gelatin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements

These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.

Formulation

Nature's energy boost

Natural energy boost Healthy skin Healthy joints & bones

Grass fed + pasture raised

Dairy free Gluten free

Formula

Liver is nature's nutrient-rich superfood. Our Beef Liver Capsules help boost your energy naturally thanks to vitamin B12 and improve skin health with vitamin A and hyaluronic acid.

1 simple ingredient 28mg hyaluronic acid 70% Daily value vitamin A 2x Daily value vitamin B12

Paleo friendly

Vitamin B12 for energy Vitamin A for skin health

750 mg each

General Statements

Convenient capsules

Typical Amino Acid Profile (Average milligrams per serving naturally occurring) Alanine 120 mg Arginine 130 mg Aspartic Acid 190 mg Cystine 30 mg Glutamic Acid 260 mg Glycine 120 mg Histidine 60 mg Isoleucine 90 mg Leucine 190 mg Lysine 120 mg Methionine 50 mg Phenylalanine 110 mg Proline 90 mg Serine 90 mg Threonine 100 mg Tryptophan 40 mg Tyrosine 80 mg Valine 120 mg Essential Amino Acids

2 HDPE BPA free

Brand IP Statement(s)

#stayvital Natural whole nutrition

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Precautions

This product is manufactured in a facility that processes milk, fish, and tree nuts.

Keep out of reach of children

If you are pregnant, nursing or have a medical condition, consult your physician before use.

Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: 4 capsules per day

Storage

Storage information: Store in a cool, dry place.

Seals/Symbols

Whole30 Approved

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Beef Liver by Vital Proteins label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Beef Liver by Vital Proteins

These are the 18 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size4 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Copper

Interacts with
31 drugs

0.4 mg per serving

Copper is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for making red blood cells, supporting nerves and bones, and helping enzymes wor...

Copper monograph & interactions

Niacin

Interacts with
727 drugs

1.6 mg per serving

Niacin (vitamin B3) is an essential nutrient your body needs for energy and metabolism, and deficiency is uncommon in most developed countries. Prescr...

Niacin monograph & interactions

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs

5 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Potassium

Interacts with
62 drugs

30 mg per serving

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanc...

Potassium monograph & interactions

Phosphorus

34 mg per serving

Zinc

Interacts with
67 drugs

0.4 mg per serving

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...

Zinc monograph & interactions

Iron

Interacts with
80 drugs

0.6 mg per serving

Iron is an essential mineral your body needs to make hemoglobin and carry oxygen in the blood. Supplements are mainly useful for treating or preventin...

Iron monograph & interactions

Vitamin B6

Interacts with
210 drugs

0.04 mg per serving

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is b...

Vitamin B6 monograph & interactions

Biotin

No known
interactions

6.9 mcg per serving

Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble vitamin your body needs to turn food into energy and to support healthy hair, skin, and nails. Most people get...

Biotin monograph & interactions

Protein

2 Gram(s) per serving

Selenium

Interacts with
321 drugs

3 mcg per serving

Selenium is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and immune health. Most people who...

Selenium monograph & interactions

Choline

Interacts with
16 drugs

41 mg per serving

Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like egg...

Choline monograph & interactions

Folate

55 mcg per serving

Pantothenic Acid

No known
interactions

0.2 mg per serving

Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5, an essential nutrient your body uses to turn food into energy. True deficiency is very rare because it is found in nea...

Pantothenic Acid monograph & interactions

Hyaluronic Acid

No known
interactions

28 mg per serving

Hyaluronic acid is a natural substance in the body that helps hold water in the skin, joints, and eyes. Oral and topical products are popular for skin...

Hyaluronic Acid monograph & interactions

Riboflavin

Interacts with
20 drugs

0.25 mg per serving

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally...

Riboflavin monograph & interactions

Vitamin A

Interacts with
387 drugs

3500 IU per serving

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplemen...

Vitamin A monograph & interactions

Vitamin B12

Interacts with
20 drugs

13.6 mcg per serving

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very h...

Vitamin B12 monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Beef Liver, Gelatin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

HelloPharmacist.com · Pharmacist card

Beef Liver

by Vital Proteins · label dated Jan 24, 2024

Scan for the full live report

Known drug interactions: 961 medications — most serious rated major

Active ingredients

Copper, Niacin, Sodium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Zinc, Iron, Vitamin B6, Biotin, Protein, Selenium, Choline, …

Most serious documented interactions

Acitretin — Major (via Vitamin A)
Alitretinoin — Major (via Vitamin A)
Bexarotene — Major (via Vitamin A)

Full interaction list, ingredient monographs & live checker: https://hellopharmacist.com/drug-supplement-interactions/supplements/beef-liver-by-vital-proteins-19192
Printed · Educational information only — not medical advice. Confirm against the physical product label and with your pharmacist.

Interaction report

Beef Liver by Vital Proteins Drug Interactions

Beef Liver — Vital Proteins · HelloPharmacist interaction report
Active ingredients: Copper, Niacin, Sodium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Zinc, Iron, Vitamin B6, Biotin, Protein, Selenium, Choline, Folate, Pantothenic Acid, Hyaluronic Acid, …
Source label: Jan 24, 2024 · Printed · HelloPharmacist.com
Educational information only — not medical advice. Confirm against the physical product label and with your pharmacist.

HelloPharmacist Interaction Report

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Clinical methodology reviewed by Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

18 active ingredients 12 with known interactions 961 medications covered

Beef Liver by Vital Proteins contains several minerals and vitamins with documented interactions.

The most serious is vitamin A with retinoids (a Major severity interaction) — if you take retinoid medications like tretinoin or isotretinoin, adding this product could push vitamin A to unsafe levels. Several of this product's ingredients interact with antibiotics: copper, zinc, and iron can all reduce absorption of quinolones, tetracyclines, and other antibiotic classes, so separate dosing by 2–6 hours depending on the antibiotic.

Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity

Niacin and vitamin B6 interact with blood pressure medications and seizure drugs respectively, potentially altering their effect. Potassium, sodium, and iron each have moderate interactions with specific heart and kidney medications — potassium-sparing diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and ARBs carry a risk of dangerously high potassium levels (hyperkalemia) if combined with potassium supplements.

Selenium may increase bleeding risk with blood thinners (anticoagulants) and antiplatelet drugs.

Biotin, pantothenic acid, and hyaluronic acid were not checked for interactions because we hold no interaction data for them. Altogether, these interactions span 942 individual medications.

Before starting this product, use the medication checker below to search your exact prescriptions.

Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI

Want to check YOUR meds against Beef Liver?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker

961Drugs

9 Major 930 Moderate 22 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Niacin 727

Vitamin A 387

Selenium 321

Vitamin B6 210

Sodium 205

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Beef Liver interact with 961 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

12 of the 18 ingredients in Beef Liver interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Niacin Vitamin A Selenium Vitamin B6 Sodium Iron Zinc Potassium Copper Riboflavin Vitamin B12 Choline

All interactions 961 Major 9 Moderate 930 Minor 22

Showing 61–90 of 961 drugs.

Acetaminophen, Dichloralantipyrine, IsomethepteneAmidrine, Midchlor, Migquin, Migratine

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Dichloralantipyrine, Isometheptene belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Dichloralantipyrine, Isometheptene interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Dichloralantipyrine, Isometheptene interaction

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Dichloralantipyrine, Isometheptene interaction

Acetaminophen, Dichloralphenazone, IsomethepteneMidrin

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Dichloralphenazone, Isometheptene belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Dichloralphenazone, Isometheptene interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Dichloralphenazone, Isometheptene interaction

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Dichloralphenazone, Isometheptene interaction

Acetaminophen, Dichlorophenazone, IsometheptaneIsocom

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Dichlorophenazone, Isometheptane belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Dichlorophenazone, Isometheptane interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Dichlorophenazone, Isometheptane interaction

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Dichlorophenazone, Isometheptane interaction

Acetaminophen, DiphenhydramineTylenol PM, Tylenol PM Ex Strength

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine interaction

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine interaction

Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Allergy, Cold Control, Contac Night Allergy Relief

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine, Pseudoephedrine belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine, Pseudoephedrine interaction

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine, Pseudoephedrine interaction

Acetaminophen, Doxylamine, PseudoephedrineEx Strength Tylenol Sinus Nighttime

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interaction

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Doxylamine, Pseudoephedrine interaction

Acetaminophen, HydrocodoneAnexsia, Anodynos DHC, Azdone, Co-Gesic, Doucet, Lorcet +9 more

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Hydrocodone belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Hydrocodone interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Hydrocodone interaction

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Hydrocodone interaction

Acetaminophen, IbuprofenCombogesic

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen belongs to Hepatotoxic DrugsAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs — the drug categories that interact with this product

How Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interacts with Beef Liver — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interaction

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interaction

SeleniumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Selenium may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Selenium + Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interaction

Acetaminophen, MeperidineDemerol APAP

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Meperidine belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Meperidine interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Meperidine interaction

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Meperidine interaction

Acetaminophen, MethocarbamolRobaxacet

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Methocarbamol belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Methocarbamol interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Methocarbamol interaction

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Methocarbamol interaction

Acetaminophen, OrphenadrineOrfenagesic

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Orphenadrine belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Orphenadrine interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Orphenadrine interaction

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Orphenadrine interaction

Acetaminophen, OxycodonePercocet, Roxicet, Tylox, Xartemis XR

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Oxycodone belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Oxycodone interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Oxycodone interaction

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Oxycodone interaction

Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength PMS, Pamprin, Pamprin ES

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interaction

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interaction

Acetaminophen, PentazocineTalacen

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Pentazocine belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Pentazocine interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Pentazocine interaction

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Pentazocine interaction

Acetaminophen, Phenylephrine, ChlorpheniramineSuper Cold Tabs

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Phenylephrine, Chlorpheniramine belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Phenylephrine, Chlorpheniramine interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Phenylephrine, Chlorpheniramine interaction

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Phenylephrine, Chlorpheniramine interaction

Acetaminophen, PhenylpropanolamineTetra Caps

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine interaction

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine interaction

Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine, PhenyltoloxamineSinubid

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interaction

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Phenylpropanolamine, Phenyltoloxamine interaction

Acetaminophen, PhenyltoloxaminePercogesic, Relagesic

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine interaction

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine interaction

Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine, SalicylamideLobac

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine, Salicylamide belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine, Salicylamide interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine, Salicylamide interaction

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Phenyltoloxamine, Salicylamide interaction

Acetaminophen, PropoxypheneDarvocet-N 100, Darvocet-N 50, E-Lor, Wygesic

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Propoxyphene belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Propoxyphene interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Propoxyphene interaction

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Propoxyphene interaction

Acetaminophen, PseudoephedrineChildren's Tylenol Sinus, Dristan N.D., Non-Aspirin Sinus, Ornex, Ornex-Max, Sinutab +5 more

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine interaction

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine interaction

Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine, TriprolidineActifed Plus ES

Moderate

Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine, Triprolidine belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine, Triprolidine interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine, Triprolidine interaction

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetaminophen, Pseudoephedrine, Triprolidine interaction

AcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox

Moderate

Acetazolamide belongs to Antihypertensive Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Acetazolamide interacts with Beef Liver — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

SodiumAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.

Read the full Sodium + Acetazolamide interaction

Vitamin B6Antihypertensive Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.

Read the full Vitamin B6 + Acetazolamide interaction

NiacinAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, niacin may increase the risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs.

Read the full Niacin + Acetazolamide interaction

See the Acetazolamide drug page: uses, dosage & side effects

AcetohexamideDymelor

Moderate

Acetohexamide belongs to Hepatotoxic DrugsAntidiabetes Drugs — the drug categories that interact with this product

How Acetohexamide interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs, Antidiabetes Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Acetohexamide interaction

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Acetohexamide interaction

Acetylsalicylic AcidEntrophen

Moderate

Acetylsalicylic Acid belongs to Anticoagulant/antiplatelet DrugsAspirin — the drug categories that interact with this product

How Acetylsalicylic Acid interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

NiacinAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Aspirin Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, niacin may have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Niacin + Acetylsalicylic Acid interaction

SeleniumAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Selenium may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Selenium + Acetylsalicylic Acid interaction

See the Acetylsalicylic Acid drug page: uses, dosage & side effects

AdagrasibKrazati

Moderate

Adagrasib belongs to Hepatotoxic Drugs — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Adagrasib interacts with Beef Liver — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

Vitamin AHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.

Read the full Vitamin A + Adagrasib interaction

NiacinHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.

Read the full Niacin + Adagrasib interaction

See the Adagrasib drug page: uses, dosage & side effects

AdalimumabHumira

Moderate

Adalimumab belongs to Immunosuppressants — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Adalimumab interacts with Beef Liver — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

SeleniumImmunosuppressants Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, selenium supplementation may reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.

Read the full Selenium + Adalimumab interaction

See the Adalimumab drug page: uses, dosage & side effects

Adalimumab-adazHyrimoz

Moderate

Adalimumab-adaz belongs to Immunosuppressants — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Adalimumab-adaz interacts with Beef Liver — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

SeleniumImmunosuppressants Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, selenium supplementation may reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.

Read the full Selenium + Adalimumab-adaz interaction

Adalimumab-adbmCyltezo

Moderate

Adalimumab-adbm belongs to Immunosuppressants — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Adalimumab-adbm interacts with Beef Liver — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

SeleniumImmunosuppressants Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, selenium supplementation may reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.

Read the full Selenium + Adalimumab-adbm interaction

Adalimumab-afzbAbrilada

Moderate

Adalimumab-afzb belongs to Immunosuppressants — the drug category that interacts with this product

How Adalimumab-afzb interacts with Beef Liver — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:

SeleniumImmunosuppressants Moderate

Interaction Summary

Theoretically, selenium supplementation may reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.

Read the full Selenium + Adalimumab-afzb interaction

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Beef Liver with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Niacin15 drug types · 727 drugs

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Concomitant use of alcohol and niacin might increase the risk of flushing and hepatotoxicity.
Alcohol can exacerbate the flushing and pruritus associated with niacin. Large doses of niacin might also exacerbate liver dysfunction associated with chronic alcohol use. A case report describes delirium and lactic acidosis in a patient taking niacin 3 grams daily who ingested 1 liter of wine. Advise patients to avoid large amounts of alcohol while taking niacin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)

Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of uricosurics such as allopurinol.
Large doses of niacin can reduce urinary excretion of uric acid, potentially resulting in hyperuricemia. Doses of uricosurics such as allopurinol might need to be increased to maintain control of gout in patients who start taking niacin. People who have frequent attacks of gout despite uricosuric therapy should avoid niacin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, niacin may have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Several cases of clotting factor synthesis deficiency and coagulopathy have been reported in patients taking sustained-release niacin. Also, thrombocytopenia has been reported in patients treated with niacin or niacin plus lovastatin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Antidiabetes Drugs

Niacin can increase blood glucose levels and may diminish the effects of antidiabetes drugs.
Niacin impairs glucose tolerance in a dose-dependent manner, probably by causing or aggravating insulin resistance and increasing hepatic production of glucose. In diabetes patients, niacin 4.5 grams daily for 5 weeks can increase plasma glucose by an average of 16% and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 21%. However, lower doses of 1.5 grams daily or less appear to have minimal effects on blood glucose. In some patients, glucose levels increase when niacin is started, but then return to baseline when a stable dose is reached. Up to 35% of patients with diabetes may need adjustments in hypoglycemic therapy when niacin is added.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, niacin may increase the risk of hypotension when used with antihypertensive drugs.
The vasodilating effects of niacin can cause hypotension. Furthermore, some clinical evidence suggests that a one-hour infusion of niacin can reduce systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure in hypertensive patients. This effect is not observed in normotensive patients.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Bile Acid Sequestrants

Bile acid sequestrants can bind niacin and decrease absorption. Separate administration by 4-6 hours to avoid an interaction.
In vitro studies show that colestipol (Colestid) binds about 98% of available niacin and cholestyramine (Questran) binds 10% to 30%.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Gemfibrozil (Lopid)

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and gemfibrozil might increase the risk of myopathy in some patients.
A case of myopathy from concomitant use of niacin and gemfibrozil has been reported. Niacin alone has also been associated with cases of myopathy. Using gemfibrozil with niacin might further increase the risk of developing myopathy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of hepatotoxicity.
Niacin has been associated with cases of liver toxicity, especially when used in pharmacologic doses. Sustained-release niacin preparations appear to be associated with a higher risk of hepatotoxicity than immediate-release niacin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Hmg-Coa Reductase Inhibitors ("Statins")

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and statins might increase the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis in some patients.
Some case reports have raised concerns that niacin might increase the risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis when combined with statins. However, a significantly increased risk of myopathy has not been demonstrated in clinical trials, including those using an FDA-approved combination of lovastatin and niacin (Advicor).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Probenecid (Benemid)

Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of uricosurics such as probenecid.
Large doses of niacin reduce urinary excretion of uric acid, potentially causing hyperuricemia. Doses of uricosurics such as probenecid might need to be increased to maintain control of gout in patients who start taking niacin. People who have frequent attacks of gout despite uricosuric therapy should avoid niacin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Sulfinpyrazone (Anturane)

Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of uricosurics such as sulfinpyrazone.
Large doses of niacin reduce urinary excretion of uric acid, potentially causing hyperuricemia. Doses of uricosurics such as sulfinpyrazone might need to be increased to maintain control of gout in patients who start taking niacin. People who have frequent attacks of gout despite uricosuric therapy should avoid niacin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, niacin might antagonize the therapeutic effects of thyroid hormones.
Clinical research and case reports suggests that taking niacin can reduce serum levels of thyroxine-binding globulin by up to 25% and moderately reduce levels of thyroxine (T4). Patients taking thyroid hormone for hypothyroidism might need dose adjustments when using niacin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Transdermal Nicotine (Nicoderm)

Theoretically, concomitant use of niacin and transdermal nicotine might increase the risk of flushing and dizziness.
Niacin and nicotine can both cause flushing and dizziness.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Warfarin (Coumadin)

There is limited evidence that niacin may increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
In a case report, a patient on warfarin developed an elevated international normalized ratio (INR) of 3.9 after taking niacin for two weeks. The patient's INR was previously stable, ranging between 2 and 3 in recent months, and no other medication changes were identified. The elevated INR returned to therapeutic range within 4 days following the discontinuation of niacin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Aspirin

Large doses of aspirin might alter the clearance of niacin.
Aspirin is often used with niacin to reduce niacin-induced flushing. Doses of 80-975 mg aspirin have been used, but 325 mg appears to be optimal. Aspirin also seems to reduce the clearance of niacin by competing for glycine conjugation. Taking aspirin 1 gram seems to reduce niacin clearance by 45%. This is probably a dose-related effect and not clinically significant with the more common aspirin dose of 325 mg.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B

Niacin full monograph & interactions

Vitamin A4 drug types · 387 drugs

Retinoids

Concomitant use of retinoids with vitamin A supplements might produce supratherapeutic vitamin A levels.
Retinoids, which are vitamin A derivatives, could have additive toxic effects when taken with vitamin A supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, taking high doses of vitamin A in combination with other potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver disease.
The tolerable upper intake level (UL) is the highest level of intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse effects. Doses of vitamin A above the UL can cause hepatotoxicity, ranging from elevated liver enzymes to liver failure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence C

Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, taking tetracycline antibiotics with high doses of vitamin A can increase the risk of pseudotumor cerebri.
Benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri) can occur with tetracyclines and with acute or chronic vitamin A toxicity. Case reports suggest that taking tetracyclines and vitamin A concurrently can increase the risk of this condition. Avoid high doses of vitamin A in people taking tetracyclines chronically.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, high doses of vitamin A could increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Vitamin A toxicity is associated with hemorrhage and hypoprothrombinemia, possibly due to vitamin K antagonism. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid doses of vitamin A above the tolerable upper intake level of 10,000 IU/day for adults.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Vitamin A full monograph & interactions

Selenium6 drug types · 321 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Selenium may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Clinical research suggests that taking selenium 10 mcg/kg/day can increase bleeding times by increasing prostacyclin production, which inhibits platelet activity. Other clinical research suggests that taking selenium 75 mcg daily, in combination with ascorbic acid 600 mg, alpha-tocopherol 300 mg, and beta-carotene 27 mg, reduces platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Barbiturates

Theoretically, selenium might prolong the sedating effects of barbiturates.
Laboratory research suggests that selenium can inhibit the hepatic metabolism of barbiturates. Selenium seems to prolong the sedative effect of pentobarbital in animal models.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, selenium supplementation may reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
In vitro research and preliminary clinical evidence suggests that selenium may stimulate the immune system.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, selenium might interfere with warfarin activity.
Animal research suggests that selenium can increase warfarin activity. Selenium might interact with warfarin by displacing it from albumin binding sites, reducing its metabolism in the liver, or by decreasing production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Selenium can also prolong bleeding times in humans by increasing prostacyclin production, which inhibits platelet activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Contraceptive Drugs

Contraceptive drugs might increase levels of selenium, although the clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
Some research suggests that oral contraceptives increase serum selenium levels in women taking oral contraceptives; however, other research shows no change in selenium levels. It is suggested that an increase could be due to increased carrier proteins, indicating a redistribution of selenium rather than a change in total body selenium.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Niacin

Selenium might reduce the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises HDL cholesterol levels in patients with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50% in patients with coronary disease. It is not known whether this adverse effect is due to a single antioxidant such as selenium, or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A

Selenium full monograph & interactions

Vitamin B65 drug types · 210 drugs

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Theoretically, vitamin B6 might increase the photosensitivity caused by amiodarone.
Despite initial case reports suggesting that pyridoxine may have a protective effect against amiodarone-induced photosensitivity, preliminary clinical research suggests that pyridoxine may actually exacerbate this adverse effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Research in hypertensive rats shows that vitamin B6 can decrease systolic blood pressure. Similarly, clinical research in patients with hypertension shows that taking high doses of vitamin B6 may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, possibly by reducing plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Phenobarbital (Luminal)

High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenobarbital, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenobarbital to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenytoin.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenytoin, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenytoin to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Levodopa

Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) enhances the metabolism of levodopa, reducing its clinical effects. However, this interaction does not occur when carbidopa is used concurrently with levodopa (Sinemet). Therefore, it is not likely to be a problem in most people.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D

Vitamin B6 full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A

Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C

Sodium full monograph & interactions

Iron13 drug types · 80 drugs

Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Iron might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption when taken in a fasting state.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and iron can be taken together if taken with food. However, if taken on an empty stomach, bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should not be taken with, or 2 hours after, iron containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Bisphosphonates

Iron reduces the absorption of bisphosphonates.
Advise patients that doses of bisphosphonates should be separated by at least two hours from doses of all other medications, including supplements such as iron. Divalent cations, including iron, can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates by forming insoluble complexes in the gastrointestinal tract.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Denosumab (Prolia, Others)

Administration of intravenous iron within one month of denosumab administration might increase the risk of severe hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia.
A case of severe hypocalcemia (albumin corrected calcium 6.88 mg/dL, ionized calcium 3.68 mg/dL) and hypophosphatemia (<0.5 mg/dL) with respiratory acidosis, QT interval prolongation, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia was reported in a 76-year-old male who had received an iron polymaltose infusion within 2 weeks of a subcutaneous injection of denosumab. Serum parathyroid hormone was also elevated (348 pg/mL). Subsequent iron infusions with iron polymaltose and ferric carboxymaltose were followed by transient hypophosphatemia, but without hypocalcemia. Additionally, a literature review describes 6 additional cases of hypophosphatemia and hypocalcemia in patients 52-92 years of age who had been administered intravenous iron as either ferric carboxymaltose or iron polymaltose and subcutaneous denosumab within 1-4 weeks of each other.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Dolutegravir (Tivicay)

Iron might decrease dolutegravir levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to take dolutegravir at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking iron. Pharmacokinetic research shows that iron can decrease the absorption of dolutegravir from the gastrointestinal tract through chelation. When taken under fasting conditions, a single dose of ferrous fumarate 324 mg orally along with dolutegravir 50 mg reduces overall exposure to dolutegravir by 54%.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Integrase Inhibitors

Theoretically, taking iron along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Iron is a divalent cation. There is concern that iron may decrease the absorption of integrase inhibitors from the gastrointestinal tract through chelation. One pharmacokinetic study shows that iron can decrease blood levels of the specific integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation. Also, other pharmacokinetic research shows that other divalent cations such as calcium can decrease the absorption and levels of some integrase inhibitors through chelation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Levodopa

Iron might decrease levodopa levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate doses of levodopa and iron as much as possible. There is some evidence in healthy people that iron forms chelates with levodopa, reducing the amount of levodopa absorbed by around 50%. The clinical significance of this hasn't been determined.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Others)

Iron might decrease levothyroxine levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate levothyroxine and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Iron can decrease the absorption and efficacy of levothyroxine by forming insoluble complexes in the gastrointestinal tract.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Methyldopa (Aldomet)

Iron might decrease methyldopa levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate methyldopa and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Iron can decrease the absorption of methyldopa from the gastrointestinal tract through chelation, resulting in increases in blood pressure.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Mycophenolate Mofetil (Cellcept)

Theoretically, iron might decrease mycophenolate mofetil levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to take iron 4-6 hours before, or 2 hours after, mycophenolate mofetil. It has been suggested that a decrease of absorption is possible, probably by forming nonabsorbable chelates. However, mycophenolate pharmacokinetics are not affected by iron supplementation in available clinical research.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D

Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Iron might decrease penicillamine levels by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients to separate penicillamine and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Oral iron supplements can reduce absorption of penicillamine by 30% to 70%, probably due to chelate formation. In people with Wilson's disease, this interaction has led to reduced efficacy of penicillamine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Quinolone Antibiotics

Iron might decrease levels of quinolone antibiotics by reducing their absorption.
Advise patients to separate quinolone antibiotics and iron doses by at least 2 hours. Iron decreases the absorption of quinolones due to formation of insoluble complexes in the gastrointestinal tract.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Tetracycline Antibiotics

Iron might decrease levels of tetracycline antibiotics by reducing their absorption.
Advise patients to take iron at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after tetracycline antibiotics. Concomitant use can decrease absorption of tetracycline antibiotics from the gastrointestinal tract by 50% to 90%.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Chloramphenicol

Theoretically, taking chloramphenicol with iron might reduce the response to iron therapy in iron deficiency anemia.
Chloramphenicol interferes with erythrocyte maturation. However, since chloramphenicol isn't usually taken for prolonged periods, this isn't likely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D

Iron full monograph & interactions

Zinc10 drug types · 67 drugs

Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Cephalexin (Keflex)

Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)

Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Integrase Inhibitors

Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Quinolone Antibiotics

Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Ritonavir (Norvir)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Tetracycline Antibiotics

Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Amiloride (Midamor)

Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Atazanavir (Reyataz)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B

Zinc full monograph & interactions

Potassium3 drug types · 62 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Using ACEIs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ACEIs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Using ARBs with high doses of potassium increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
ARBs block the actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and reduce potassium excretion. Concomitant use of these drugs with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia. However, concomitant use of these drugs with moderate dietary potassium intake (about 3775-5200 mg daily) does not increase serum potassium levels.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Concomitant use increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Using potassium-sparing diuretics with potassium supplements increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Likely Evidence C

Potassium full monograph & interactions

Copper2 drug types · 31 drugs

Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Theoretically, taking copper with penicillamine might decrease the absorption of penicillamine; separate dosing by at least 2 hours.
Copper chelates penicillamine, which decreases its absorption and may reduce its clinical effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, taking copper with contraceptive drugs might increase the levels and toxic effects of copper.
A meta-analysis of clinical studies suggests that chronic use of oral contraceptives increases serum copper levels by a mean of 57 mcg/dL. In most people, this resulted in levels above the normal reference range for copper.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Copper full monograph & interactions

Riboflavin1 drug type · 20 drugs

Tetracycline Antibiotics

Theoretically, taking riboflavin with tetracycline antibiotics may decrease the potency of these antibiotics.
In vitro research suggests that riboflavin may inhibit the potency of tetracycline antibiotics. It is not clear if this effect is clinically significant, as this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Riboflavin full monograph & interactions

Vitamin B121 drug type · 20 drugs

Metformin (Glucophage)

Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals. Prolonged use of metformin can interfere with the absorption of B12 in the digestive system, potentially leading to a deficiency in this essential vitamin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A

Vitamin B12 full monograph & interactions

Choline1 drug type · 16 drugs

Atropine

Theoretically, choline might decrease the effects of atropine in the brain.
Animal research shows that administering choline one hour before administering atropine can attenuate atropine-induced decreases in brain levels of acetylcholine. Theoretically, concomitant use of choline and atropine may decrease the effects of atropine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Choline full monograph & interactions

The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Beef Liver, from the product label.

Vital Proteins

See all Vital Proteins products

Name: Vital Proteins LLC
Street Address: 3400 Wolf Road Ste. 200
City: Franklin Park
State: IL
ZipCode: 60131
Web Address: vitalproteins.com

Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Beef Liver by Vital Proteins: Common Questions

Does Beef Liver by Vital Proteins interact with any medications?

Yes. Based on its ingredients, Beef Liver has a known interaction with 961 medications, including 9 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.

How can one product interact with so many drugs?

Beef Liver contains 18 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.

Where does this information come from?

The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.

Will this product interact with my birth control pills?

Yes, theoretically. Copper in this product may increase with chronic oral contraceptive use, and contraceptives may slightly raise copper levels. The amount in a beef liver supplement is typically small, but if you're concerned, mention it to your pharmacist or doctor — they can monitor copper levels if needed.

Can I take this with my antibiotic?

It depends on which antibiotic. Copper, zinc, and iron in this product can bind to many antibiotics (including quinolones, tetracyclines, and cephalexin), reducing how well the antibiotic is absorbed. Separate this supplement from your antibiotic by at least 2–6 hours, depending on the type. Check the specific antibiotic with your pharmacist.

Is this safe to take while I'm pregnant?

Most ingredients are considered safe at recommended amounts during pregnancy, but vitamin A at high doses can harm fetal development — this product contains vitamin A, so discuss the dose with your prenatal provider before starting. Copper, niacin, and potassium are all needed in pregnancy, but you want to stay within recommended ranges and avoid excess.

What does beef liver actually do for you?

Beef liver is nutrient-dense — it supplies iron for blood health, B vitamins (B6, B12, folate) for energy and nerve function, copper and zinc for immune function, and other minerals like potassium and selenium. This supplement is meant to provide whole-food nutrition rather than treat a specific disease. If you have a documented deficiency, your doctor should guide dosing.

Can this cause side effects?

At typical supplement doses, most ingredients are well tolerated. However, if you take more than the recommended dose, copper can cause toxicity, niacin can cause flushing and liver problems, and high iron or zinc can cause nausea and gastrointestinal upset. Stick to the label dose and talk to your pharmacist if you notice side effects.

Will this work for my anemia?

Iron in this product is effective for iron-deficiency anemia, and vitamin B12 is effective for B12 deficiency. However, anemia has many causes, so you should have your blood work checked by a doctor first to know what type you have and what dose you actually need. Don't self-treat with supplements alone.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Beef Liver’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Copper

Interacts with 31 drugs

Copper is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for making red blood cells, supporting nerves and bones, and helping enzymes work. Most people get enough copper from fo...

Read the full Copper monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Niacin

Interacts with 727 drugs

Niacin (vitamin B3) is an essential nutrient your body needs for energy and metabolism, and deficiency is uncommon in most developed countries. Prescription-strength niacin has been used to...

Read the full Niacin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Potassium

Interacts with 62 drugs

Potassium is an essential mineral your body needs for nerve signals, muscle function, and a steady heartbeat, and most people get enough from a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables. P...

Read the full Potassium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Zinc

Interacts with 67 drugs

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but supplements can help correct or prevent a defici...

Read the full Zinc monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Iron

Interacts with 80 drugs

Iron is an essential mineral your body needs to make hemoglobin and carry oxygen in the blood. Supplements are mainly useful for treating or preventing iron deficiency and iron-deficiency an...

Read the full Iron monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin B6

Interacts with 210 drugs

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is best known for helping with pregnancy-rel...

Read the full Vitamin B6 monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Biotin

Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble vitamin your body needs to turn food into energy and to support healthy hair, skin, and nails. Most people get plenty from a normal diet, and true defi...

Read the full Biotin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Selenium

Interacts with 321 drugs

Selenium is an essential trace mineral your body needs in small amounts for thyroid function, antioxidant defense, and immune health. Most people who eat a varied diet get enough, and supple...

Read the full Selenium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Choline

Interacts with 16 drugs

Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like eggs, meat, and fish. Supplements may help...

Read the full Choline monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Pantothenic Acid

Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5, an essential nutrient your body uses to turn food into energy. True deficiency is very rare because it is found in nearly all foods, and most people meet thei...

Read the full Pantothenic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid is a natural substance in the body that helps hold water in the skin, joints, and eyes. Oral and topical products are popular for skin moisture and joint comfort, and the evi...

Read the full Hyaluronic Acid monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Riboflavin

Interacts with 20 drugs

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is an essential nutrient your body needs to turn food into energy and to keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. It is generally very safe at typical doses, and the stro...

Read the full Riboflavin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin A

Interacts with 387 drugs

Vitamin A is an essential nutrient important for vision, skin, immune function, and growth. Most people get enough from a balanced diet, and supplements are mainly useful for correcting a tr...

Read the full Vitamin A monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin B12

Interacts with 20 drugs

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very helpful for people who are deficient — su...

Read the full Vitamin B12 monograph →

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Beef Liver's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 454 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Copper 11 references

Murry JJ, Healy MD. Drug-mineral interactions: a new responsibility for the hospital dietician. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:66-73.
Campbell IA, Elmes PC. Ethambutol and the eye: zinc and copper (letter). Lancet 1975;2:711. DOI
Segal S, Kaminski S. Drug-nutrient interactions. American Druggist 1996 Jul;42-8.
Kozak SF, Inderlied CB, Hsu HY, et al. The role of copper on ethambutol's antimicrobial action and implications for ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis 1998;30:83-7. PubMed
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
Cantilena LR, Klaassen CD. The effect of chelating agents on the excretion of endogenous metals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1982;63:344-50.
Babic Z, Tariba B, Kovacic J, Pizent A, Varnai VM, Macan J. Relevance of serum copper elevation induced by oral contraceptives: a meta-analysis. Contraception. 2013 Jun;87(6):790-800. PubMed
Qui Q, Zhang F, Zhu W, Wu J, Liang M. Copper in diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis and systematic review of plasma and serum studies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017;177(1):53-63.
Walker-Smith PK, Keith DJ, Kennedy CT, Sansom JE. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by copper. Contact Dermatitis 2016;75(3):186-7. PubMed
Gallentine A. Third-degree burn on the neuropathic lower extremity in a patient with diabetes while wearing a copper-containing compression sock: a case report. Wound Manag Prev 2021;67(12):26-29. DOI
Chung KJ, Chin YM, Wong MS, Sanmugam A, Singaravel S, Nah SA. Effectiveness of table salt versus copper sulphate in treating umbilical granuloma: A pilot randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Surg 2022;57(2):261-265. PubMed

See these in context on the Copper monograph →

Niacin 66 references

Garg R, Malinow MR, Pettinger M, et al. Niacin treatment increases plasma homocysteine levels. Am Heart J 1999;138:1082-7.
Anon. Inositol hexaniacinate. Altern Med Rev 1998;3:222-3.
Knodel LC, Talbert RL. Adverse effects of hypolipidaemic drugs. Med Toxicol 1987;2:10-32. PubMed
Guyton JR, Blazing MA, Hagar J, et al. Extended-release niacin vs gemfibrozil for the treatment of low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Niaspan-Gemfibrozil Study Group. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1177-84. PubMed
Gibbons LW, Gonzalez V, Gordon N, Grundy S. The prevalence of side effects with regular and sustained-release nicotinic acid. Am J Med 1995;99:378-85. PubMed
Whelan AM, Price SO, Fowler SF, Hainer BL. The effect of aspirin on niacin-induced cutaneous reactions. J Fam Pract 1992;34:165-8.
Jungnickel PW, Maloley PA, Vander Tuin EL, et al. Effect of two aspirin pretreatment regimens on niacin-induced cutaneous reactions. J Gen Intern Med 1997;12:591-6. PubMed
Capuzzi DM, Guyton JR, Morgan JM, et al. Efficacy and safety of an extended-release niacin (Niaspan): a long-term study. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:74-81;disc. 85U-6U. PubMed
Gray DR, Morgan T, Chretien SD, Kashyap ML. Efficacy and safety of controlled-release niacin in dyslipoproteinemic veterans. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:252-8. PubMed
McKenney JM, Proctor JD, Harris S, Chinchili VM. A comparison of the efficacy and toxic effects of sustained- vs immediate-release niacin in hypercholesterolemic patients. JAMA 1994;271:672-7. DOI
Knopp RH, Alagona P, Davidson M, et al. Equivalent efficacy of a time-release form of niacin (Niaspan) given once-a-night versus plain niacin in the management of hyperlipidemia. Metabolism 1998;47:1097-104. PubMed
Knopp RH. Clinical profiles of plain versus sustained-release niacin (Niaspan) and the physiologic rationale for nighttime dosing. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:24U-28U;discussion 39U-41U. PubMed
Garg A, Grundy SM. Nicotinic acid as therapy for dyslipidemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. JAMA 1990;264:723-6. DOI
Leighton RF, Gordon NF, Small GS, et al. Dental and gingival pain as side effects of niacin therapy. Chest 1998;114:1472-4. PubMed
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. ASHP Therapeutic Position Statement on the safe use of niacin in the management of dyslipidemias. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1997;54:2815-9. DOI
Vega GL, Grundy SM. Lipoprotein responses to treatment with lovastatin, gemfibrozil, and nicotinic acid in normolipidemic patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:73-82. DOI
Guyton JR, Goldberg AC, Kreisberg RA, et al. Effectiveness of once-nightly dosing of extended-release niacin alone and in combination for hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:737-43.
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-93. DOI
Bays HE, Dujovne CA. Drug interactions of lipid-altering drugs. Drug Saf 1998;19:355-71. PubMed
Rader JI, Calvert RJ, Hathcock JN. Hepatic toxicity of unmodified and time-release preparations of niacin. Am J Med 1992;92:77-81. PubMed
Kahn SE, Beard JC, Schwartz MW, et al. Increased B-cell secretory capacity as mechanism for islet adaptation to nicotinic acid-induced insulin resistance. Diabetes 1989;38:562-8.
Schwartz ML. Severe reversible hyperglycemia as a consequence of niacin therapy. Arch Int Med 1993;153:2050-2. DOI
Raising HDL and Niacin Use. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2004;20(5):200504.
McKenney J. New perspectives on the use of niacin in the treatment of lipid disorders. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:697-705. PubMed
Reaven P, Witztum JL. Lovastatin, nicotinic acid and rhabdomyolysis (letter). Ann Int Med 1988;109:597-8. PubMed
Ito MK. Advances in the understanding and management of dyslipidemia: using niacin-based therapies. Am J Health-Syst Pharm 2003;60(suppl 2):s15-21. PubMed
Schwab RA, Bachhuber BH. Delirium and lactic acidosis caused by ethanol and niacin coingestion. Am J Emerg Med 1991;9:363-5. PubMed
Product information: Niaspan. Kos Pharmaceuticals. Cranbury, NJ. 2005. Available at www.niaspan.com/professional/content/pdfs/productinfo.pdf. (Accessed 3 March 2006).
Ding RW, Kolbe K, Merz B, et al. Pharmacokinetics of nicotinic acid-salicylic acid interaction. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;46:642-7. PubMed
NIH News. NIH stops clinical trial on combination cholesterol treatment. May 26, 2011. http://www.nih.gov/news/health/may2011/nhlbi-26.htm. (Accessed 3 June 2011).
Dearing BD, Lavie CJ, Lohmann TP, Genton E. Niacin-induced clotting factor synthesis deficiency with coagulopathy. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152(4):861-3. DOI
O'Brien T, Silverberg JD, Nguyen TT. Nicotinic acid-induced toxicity associated with cytopenia and decreased levels of thyroxine-binding globulin. Mayo Clin Proc. 1992;67(5):465-8. PubMed
Gadegbeku CA, Dhandayuthapani A, Shrayyef MZ, Egan BM. Hemodynamic effects of nicotinic acid infusion in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Am J Hypertens. 2003;16(1):67-71. PubMed
Garnett WR. Interactions with hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1995;52(15):1639-45. PubMed
Litin SC, Anderson CF. Nicotinic acid-associated myopathy: a report of three cases. Am J Med. 1989;86(4):481-3. PubMed
Dunn RT, Ford MA, Rindone JP, Kwiecinski FA. Low-Dose Aspirin and Ibuprofen Reduce the Cutaneous Reactions Following Niacin Administration. Am J Ther. 1995;2(7):478-480. PubMed
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Iron 72 references

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Vitamin B6 32 references

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Selenium 36 references

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Kamble, P., Mohsin, N., Jha, A., Date, A., Upadhaya, A., Mohammad, E., Khalil, M., Pakkyara, A., and Budruddin, M. Selenium intoxication with selenite broth resulting in acute renal failure and severe gastritis. Saudi.J Kidney Dis.Transpl. 2009;20(1):106
Peretz, A., Neve, J., Desmedt, J., Duchateau, J., Dramaix, M., and Famaey, J. P. Lymphocyte response is enhanced by supplementation of elderly subjects with selenium-enriched yeast. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 1991;53(5):1323-1328. PubMed
Kumpulainen, J., Salmenpera, L., Siimes, M. A., Koivistoinen, P., and Perheentupa, J. Selenium status of exclusively breast-fed infants as influenced by maternal organic or inorganic selenium supplementation. Am.J Clin.Nutr. 1985;42(5):829-835. PubMed
Han, L. and Zhou, S. M. Selenium supplement in the prevention of pregnancy induced hypertension. Chin Med J (Engl) 1994;107(11):870-871.
Kiremidjian-Schumacher, L., Roy, M., Wishe, H. I., Cohen, M. W., and Stotzky, G. Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions. II. Effect on cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Biol.Trace Elem.Res. 1994;41(1-2):115-127. PubMed
Srivastava, A. K., Gupta, B. N., Bihari, V., and Gaur, J. S. Generalized hair loss and selenium exposure. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 1995;37(5):468-469.
Sudfeld CR, Aboud S, Kupka R, et al. Effect of selenium supplementation on HIV-1 RNA detection in breast milk of Tanzanian women. Nutrition 2014;30(9):1081-4. PubMed
Rees K, Hartley L, Day C, et al. Selenium supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;1:CD009671. PubMed
Thompson PA, Ashbeck EL, Roe DJ, et al. Selenium Supplementation for Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas and Risk of Associated Type 2 Diabetes. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108(12). PubMed
Wichman J, Winther KH, Bonnema SJ, Hegedüs L. Selenium supplementation significantly reduces thyroid autoantibody levels in patients with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid 2016;26(12):1681-92. PubMed
Vinceti M, Filippini T, Rothman KJ. Selenium exposure and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018 Sep;33(9):789-810. Epub 2018 Jul 5. Review. PubMed
Fallah S, Sani FV, Firoozrai M. Effect of contraceptive pill on the selenium and zinc status of healthy subjects. Contraception. 2009;80(1):40-3. PubMed
Malpas CB, Vivash L, Genc S, et al. A Phase IIa Randomized Control Trial of VEL015 (Sodium Selenate) in Mild-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2016;54(1):223-232. PubMed

See these in context on the Selenium monograph →

Choline 14 references

Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA, et al. Dietary choline and betaine and the risk of distal colorectal adenoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1224-31. PubMed
Schmidt, C., Abicht, A., Krampfl, K., Voss, W., Stucka, R., Mildner, G., Petrova, S., Schara, U., Mortier, W., Bufler, J., Huebner, A., and Lochmuller, H. Congenital myasthenic syndrome due to a novel missense mutation in the gene encoding choline acetyl
Tamminga, C., Smith, R. C., Chang, S., Haraszti, J. S., and Davis, J. M. Depression associated with oral choline. Lancet 10-23-1976;2(7991):905. PubMed
Wood, J. L. and Allison, R. G. Effects of consumption of choline and lecithin on neurological and cardiovascular systems. Fed.Proc. 1982;41(14):3015-3021.
Growdon, J. H. and Gelenberg, A. J. Choline and lecithin administration to patients with tardive dyskinesia. Trans.Am.Neurol.Assoc. 1978;103:95-99.
Smith, C. M., Swash, M., Exton-Smith, A. N., Phillips, M. J., Overstall, P. W., Piper, M. E., and Bailey, M. R. Choline therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 8-5-1978;2(8084):318. PubMed
Morrison, L. M. and W. F. Gonzales. Choline in coronary atherosclerosis. Amer.Heart J. 1950;39:729.
Christie, J. G. Blackburn 1. M. Glen A. I. M. Zeisel S. Shering A. & Yates C. M. Effects of choline and lecithin on CSF choline levels and on cognitive functioning in patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Nutrition and the brain 1979;5
Sidhu N, Davies S, Nadarajah A, et al. Oral choline supplementation for postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 2013;111(2):249-55. PubMed
Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, et al. Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders has high feasibility and tolerability. Nutr Res. 2013;33(11):897-904. PubMed
Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, et al. Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(5): 1113-25.
Ross RG, Hunter SK, McCarthy L, et al. Perinatal choline effects on neonatal pathophysiology related to later schizophrenia risk. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(3):290-8. PubMed
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Choline. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B-6, Vitamin B-12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press; 1998:390-422.

See these in context on the Choline monograph →

Pantothenic Acid 11 references

McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
Debourdeau PM, Djezzar S, Estival JL, et al. Life-threatening eosinophilic pleuropericardial effusion related to vitamins B5 and H. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:424-6. DOI
Schmuth, M., Wimmer, M. A., Hofer, S., Sztankay, A., Weinlich, G., Linder, D. M., Elias, P. M., Fritsch, P. O., and Fritsch, E. Topical corticosteroid therapy for acute radiation dermatitis: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Br.J.Dermatol. 2 PubMed
Schreck, U., Paulsen, F., Bamberg, M., and Budach, W. Intraindividual comparison of two different skin care conceptions in patients undergoing radiotherapy of the head-and-neck region. Creme or powder? Strahlenther.Onkol. 2002;178(6):321-329. PubMed
Herbst, R. A., Uter, W., Pirker, C., Geier, J., and Frosch, P. J. Allergic and non-allergic periorbital dermatitis: patch test results of the Information Network of the Departments of Dermatology during a 5-year period. Contact Dermatitis 2004;51(1):13-1 PubMed
Champault, G. and Patel, J. C. [Treatment of constipation with Bepanthene]. Med.Chir Dig. 1977;6(1):57-59.
Scott LN, Fiume M, Bergfeld WF, et al. Safety Assessment of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid, and Derivatives as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2022;41(3_suppl):77-128. PubMed
Han J, Warshaw EM. Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Panthenol in "Hypoallergenic" Products. Dermatitis 2023;34(1):62-63. PubMed
Blanchard G, Kerre S, Walker A, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis from pantolactone and dexpanthenol in wound healing creams. Contact Dermatitis 2022;87(5):468-471. PubMed
Peltier E, Trapp S, de Salvo R, et al. A new dexpanthenol-containing liquid cleanser for atopic-prone skin: Results from two prospective clinical studies evaluating cutaneous tolerability, moisturization potential, and effects on barrier function. J Cosme PubMed

See these in context on the Pantothenic Acid monograph →

Hyaluronic Acid 4 references

Park Y, Song JS, Choi CY, Yoon KC, Lee HK, Kim HS. A randomized multicenter study comparing 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate with 0.05% cyclosporine in the treatment of dry eye. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2017;33(2):66-72. PubMed
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Do Not Use Needle-Free Devices for Injection of Dermal Fillers - FDA Safety Communication. October 8, 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safety-communications/do-not-use-needle-free-devices-injection
Disphanurat W, Srisantithum B. Efficacy and safety of 0.15% isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol combined with hyaluronic acid vs 0.15% isobutylamido thiazolyl resorcinol or hyaluronic acid alone in melasma treatment: A randomized evaluator-blind trial. J C PubMed
Humbert P, Mikosinki J, Benchikhi H, Allaert FA. Efficacy and safety of a gauze pad containing hyaluronic acid in treatment of leg ulcers of venous or mixed origin: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Int Wound J 2013;10(2):159-66. PubMed

See these in context on the Hyaluronic Acid monograph →

Riboflavin 5 references

Schoenen J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M. Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized controlled trial. Neurology 1998;50:466-70. PubMed
Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
Leeson LJ, Weidenheimer JF. Stability of tetracycline and riboflavin. J Pharm Sci. 1969;58(3):355-7. PubMed
MacLennan, S. C., Wade, F. M., Forrest, K. M., Ratanayake, P. D., Fagan, E., and Antony, J. High-dose riboflavin for migraine prophylaxis in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Child Neurol. 2008;23(11):1300-1304.
Dietary reference intakes (DRIs): estimated average requirements. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, National Academics. https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fnic_uploads//recommended_intakes_individuals.pdf Accessed July 24, 2017.

See these in context on the Riboflavin monograph →

Vitamin A 31 references

McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
Griffiths JK. The vitamin A paradox. J Pediatr 2000;137:604-7.. PubMed
Hardman JG, Limbird LL, Molinoff PB, eds. Goodman and Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
FDA Talk Paper. Vitamin A and birth defects (T95-56). Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. October 6, 1995.
Russell RM. The vitamin A spectrum: from deficiency to toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:878-84. PubMed
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
Feskanich D, Singh V, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Vitamin A intake and hip fractures among postmenopausal women. JAMA 2002;287:47-54. PubMed
Melhus H, Michaelsson K, Kindmark A, et al. Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 1998;129:770-8. PubMed
Michaelsson K, Lithell H, Vessby B, Melhus H. Serum retinol levels and the risk of fracture. N Engl J Med 2003;348:287-94.. PubMed
Botterweck AA, van den Brandt PA, Goldbohm RA. Vitamins, carotenoids, dietary fiber, and the risk of gastric carcinoma: results from a prospective study after 6.3 years of follow-up. Cancer 2000;88:737-48.. DOI
Meyskens FL Jr, Graham V, Chvapil M, et al. A phase I trial of beta-all-trans-retinoic acid delivered via a collagen sponge and a cervical cap for mild or moderate intraepithelial cervical neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst 1983;71:921-5..
Hathcock JN, Hattan DG, Jenkins MY, et al. Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:183-202.. PubMed
Walters BN, Gubbay SS. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension: report of five cases. Br Med J 1981;282:19-20.. PubMed
Pearson MG, Littlewood SM, Bowden AN. Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension (letter). Br Med J 1981;282:568-9.. PubMed
Azais-Braesco V, Pascal G. Vitamin A in pregnancy: requirements and safety limits. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1325S-33S. PubMed
Smedts HP, de Vries JH, Rakhshandehroo M, et al. High maternal vitamin E intake by diet or supplements is associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring. BJOG 2009;116:416-23. PubMed
Grotto, I., Mimouni, M., Gdalevich, M., and Mimouni, D. Vitamin A supplementation and childhood morbidity from diarrhea and respiratory infections: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr 2003;142(3):297-304. PubMed
Mahalanabis, D., Lahiri, M., Paul, D., Gupta, S., Gupta, A., Wahed, M. A., and Khaled, M. A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of treatment with zinc or vitamin A in infants and young children with severe acute l
Long, K. Z., Montoya, Y., Hertzmark, E., Santos, J. I., and Rosado, J. L. A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial of the effect of vitamin A and zinc supplementation on diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in children in Mexico City, Mex
Fritz, H., Kennedy, D., Fergusson, D., Fernandes, R., Doucette, S., Cooley, K., Seely, A., Sagar, S., Wong, R., and Seely, D. Vitamin A and retinoid derivatives for lung cancer: a systematic review and meta analysis. PLoS.One. 2011;6(6):e21107. PubMed
Mayo-Wilson, E., Imdad, A., Herzer, K., Yakoob, M. Y., and Bhutta, Z. A. Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2011;343:d5094. PubMed
Mazumder S, Taneja S, Bhatia K, Yoshida S, Kaur J, Dube B, Toteja GS, Bahl R, Fontaine O, Martines J, Bhandari N; Neovita India Study Group. Efficacy of early neonatal supplementation with vitamin A to reduce mortality in infancy in Haryana, India (Neovit
Baineni R, Gulati R, Delhi CK. Vitamin A toxicity presenting as bone pain. Arch Dis Child. 2017;102(6):556-8. PubMed
Darlow BA, Graham PJ, Rojas-Reyes MX. Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(8):CD000501. PubMed
Haider BA, Sharma R, Bhutta ZA. Neonatal vitamin A supplementation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in term neonates in low and middle income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;2:CD006980. PubMed
Mohammad YM, Raslan IR, Al-Hussain FA. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Induced by Topical Application of Vitamin A. J Neuroophthalmol. 2016;36(4):412-3. PubMed
Masnadi Shirazi K, Nikniaz Z, Masnadi Shirazi A, Rohani M. Vitamin A supplementation decreases disease activity index in patients with ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Dec;41:215-219. PubMed
Ding Y, Hu P, Yang Y, et al. Impact of maternal daily oral low-dose vitamin A supplementation on the mother-infant pair: a randomised placebo-controlled trial in China. Nutrients 2021;13(7):2370. PubMed
Knapik JJ, Hoedebecke SS. Vitamin A and bone fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Spec Oper Med 2021;21(2):100-7. PubMed
Imdad A, Mayo-Wilson E, Haykal MR, et al. Vitamin A supplementation for preventing morbidity and mortality in children from six months to five years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022;3(3):CD008524. PubMed

See these in context on the Vitamin A monograph →

Vitamin B12 30 references

Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
Hartman TJ, Woodson K, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, et al. Association of the B-vitamins pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (B6), B12, and folate with lung cancer risk in older men. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:688-94.. DOI
Jansen T, Romiti R, Kreuter A, Altmeyer P. Rosacea fulminans triggered by high-dose vitamins B6 and B12. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001;15:484-5..
Lange H, Suryapranata H, De Luca G, et al. Folate therapy and in-stent restenosis after coronary stenting. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2673-81. PubMed
Collin, S. M., Metcalfe, C., Refsum, H., Lewis, S. J., Zuccolo, L., Smith, G. D., Chen, L., Harris, R., Davis, M., Marsden, G., Johnston, C., Lane, J. A., Ebbing, M., Bonaa, K. H., Nygard, O., Ueland, P. M., Grau, M. V., Baron, J. A., Donovan, J. L., Nea
Geissbuhler, P., Mermillod, B., and Rapin, C. H. Elevated serum vitamin B12 levels associated with CRP as a predictive factor of mortality in palliative care cancer patients: a prospective study over five years. J.Pain Symptom.Manage. 2000;20(2):93-103. PubMed
Salles, N., Herrmann, F., Sakbani, K., Rapin, C. H., and Sieber, C. High vitamin B12 level: a strong predictor of mortality in elderly inpatients. J Am Geriatr.Soc 2005;53(5):917-918.
Looker, H. C., Fagot-Campagna, A., Gunter, E. W., Pfeiffer, C. M., Sievers, M. L., Bennett, P. H., Nelson, R. G., Hanson, R. L., and Knowler, W. C. Homocysteine and vitamin B(12) concentrations and mortality rates in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res R
Uhl, W., Nolting, A., Golor, G., Rost, K. L., and Kovar, A. Safety of hydroxocobalamin in healthy volunteers in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2006;44 Suppl 1:17-28. PubMed
Borron, S. W., Baud, F. J., Barriot, P., Imbert, M., and Bismuth, C. Prospective study of hydroxocobalamin for acute cyanide poisoning in smoke inhalation. Ann Emerg.Med 2007;49(6):794-801, 801. PubMed
Borron, S. W., Baud, F. J., Megarbane, B., and Bismuth, C. Hydroxocobalamin for severe acute cyanide poisoning by ingestion or inhalation. Am J Emerg.Med 2007;25(5):551-558. PubMed
Lewis, J. G. Gout, Steatorrhoea, and Megaloblastic Anaemia. Ann Rheum.Dis 1962;21(3):284-286. PubMed
Tal, S., Shavit, Y., Stern, F., and Malnick, S. Association between vitamin B12 levels and mortality in hospitalized older adults. J Am Geriatr.Soc 2010;58(3):523-526. PubMed
Baztan, J. J., Gavidia, J. J., Gomez-Pavon, J., Esteve, A., and Ruiperez, I. High vitamin B12 levels and in-hospital mortality. J Am Geriatr.Soc 2010;58(11):2237-2238. PubMed
Omboni, E., Checchini, M., and Longoni, F. [Hypopotassemia and megaloblastic anemia. Presentation of a case]. Minerva Med 8-31-1987;78(16):1255-1257.
Aalfs As, Scholvinck LH, Horvath B. Acneiform eruption in a 5-year old due to vitamin B12 supplementation. Eur J Dermatol 2013;23(5):726-7. PubMed
Balta I, Ozuguz P. Vitamin B12-induced acneiform eruption. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2014;33(2):94-5. PubMed
Carman KB, Belgemen T, Yis U. Involuntary movements misdiagnosed as seizure during vitamin B12 treatment. Pediatr Emerg Care 2013;29(11):1223-4. PubMed
Djuric V, Bogic M, Popadic AP, et al. Anaphylactic reaction to hydroxycobalamin with tolerance to cyanocobalamin. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2012;108(3):207-8. PubMed
Kartel O, Gulec M, Demirel F, et al. Vitamin B12 allergy and successful desensitization with cyanocobalamin: A case report. Allergol Immunopath (Madr) 2012;40(5):324-5.
Patiroglu T, Unal E, Yildirim S. Infantile tremor syndrome associated with cobalamin therapy: A case report. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013;115(9):1903-5. PubMed
Schulte S, Barkema LW, Kardaun SH. Long-lasting atypical acneiform eruption with prominent comedones induced by hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12). J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2014;12(6):502-3.
Zanus C, Alberini E, Costa P, et al. Involuntary movements after correction of vitamin B12 deficiency: A video-case report. Epileptic Disord 2012;14(2):174-80. PubMed
Fanidi A, Carreras-Torres R, Larose TL, et al. Is high vitamin B12 status a cause of lung cancer? Int J Cancer. 2019 Sep 15;145(6):1499-1503. PubMed
Fujita Y, Mizukami T, Maya Y, et al. Vitamin B12 allergy manifesting as lymphomatoid contact dermatitis. Eur J Dermatol. 2020;30(3):304-305. PubMed
Dépret F, Hoffmann C, Daoud L, et al. Association between hydroxocobalamin administration and acute kidney injury after smoke inhalation: a multicenter retrospective study. Crit Care. 2019;23(1):421. PubMed
Khairan P, Sobue T, Eshak ES, et al. Association of dietary intakes of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, folate, and methionine with the risk of esophageal cancer: the Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) prospective study. BMC Cancer 2021;21(1):982. PubMed
Evans J, Pandya A, Ding Y, Qunibi WY. Hydroxocobalamin-Induced Oxalate Nephropathy in a Patient With Smoke Inhalation. Kidney Int Rep 2021;6(8):2228-2231. PubMed
Lacombe V, Chabrun F, Lacout C, et al. Persistent elevation of plasma vitamin B12 is strongly associated with solid cancer. Sci Rep 2021;11(1):13361. PubMed
Pegalajar-García MD, Cebolla-Verdugo M, Prados-Carmona Á, Llamas-Segura C, Navarro-Triviño FJ. Systemic allergic dermatitis to cobalt present in cyanocobalamin supplementation. Contact Dermatitis 2023;89(3):203-205. PubMed

See these in context on the Vitamin B12 monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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Beef Liver Ingredients & Drug Interactions

Check Your Meds Against Beef Liver by Vital Proteins

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Beef Liver by Vital Proteins

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Beef Liver by Vital Proteins label

The Ingredients in Beef Liver by Vital Proteins

Phosphorus

Protein

Folate

Beef Liver by Vital Proteins Drug Interactions

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Ingredients driving the most interactions

Individual Drug Interactions

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

Niacin15 drug types · 727 drugs

Vitamin A4 drug types · 387 drugs

Selenium6 drug types · 321 drugs

Vitamin B65 drug types · 210 drugs

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Iron13 drug types · 80 drugs

Zinc10 drug types · 67 drugs

Potassium3 drug types · 62 drugs

Copper2 drug types · 31 drugs

Riboflavin1 drug type · 20 drugs

Vitamin B121 drug type · 20 drugs

Choline1 drug type · 16 drugs

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The Full Monographs Behind Beef Liver’s Ingredients

Copper

Niacin

Sodium

Potassium

Zinc

Iron

Vitamin B6

Biotin

Selenium

Choline

Pantothenic Acid

Hyaluronic Acid

Riboflavin

Vitamin A

Vitamin B12

Sources & How We Checked

The 454 references behind this product’s interaction data