Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Beet Root NO+ Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Swanson

Beet Root NO+ label
See full label image
Tablet Or Pill Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Beet Root NO+ against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Beet Root NO+ is a dietary supplement by Swanson with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for exercise performance, muscle soreness and fatigue, blood flow and circulation.Based on those ingredients, 1,028 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are HiActives Beet Powder, L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, L-Citrulline. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Beet Root NO+ by Swanson

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Beet Root NO+ by Swanson — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Beet Root NO+ by Swanson

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Beet Root NO+ contains four active ingredients. L-Citrulline is an amino acid your body uses to make nitric oxide, which helps relax blood vessels and improve blood flow.

CarnoSyn is a branded form of beta-alanine, another amino acid that supports muscle performance. L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate is another amino acid that also works through nitric oxide to promote vasodilation.

HiActives Beet Powder is a concentrated extract of beets, which are naturally rich in nitrates—compounds that also support blood vessel relaxation and nitric oxide production. Together, these work on nitric oxide pathways to support athletic performance and blood flow.

The product also contains several inactive ingredients—xylitol, mannitol, and other binders and fillers—but no noteworthy excipients beyond standard tablet components.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: nitric oxide production and blood circulation.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Coronary heart disease (CHD), Dyslipidemia, Erectile dysfunction (ED), Exercise-induced muscle damage — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Exercise-induced muscle soreness.
  • Also on file: Beta-alanine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance.

L-Citrulline is possibly effective for athletic performance, but the evidence for cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and diabetes is insufficient to rate. It appears possibly ineffective for age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia).

CarnoSyn (beta-alanine) is possibly effective for athletic performance and physical performance, but evidence is insufficient for cognitive decline, COPD, cognitive function, and menopausal symptoms. L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate has no effectiveness ratings on file in our data.

Beet powder is possibly effective for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness, but possibly ineffective for COPD; evidence is insufficient for cholesterol (dyslipidemia) and cognitive function. If you're looking at this product for a specific condition—like heart health or blood sugar control—the evidence varies, so talk with your pharmacist about what science actually supports.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient L-citrulline Beta-alanine L-arginine Beet

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-Citrulline is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, though long-term safety isn't fully studied. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal discomfort and heartburn.

Avoid it during pregnancy—there isn't enough safety data—and also avoid while breastfeeding. CarnoSyn (beta-alanine) is generally well tolerated but commonly causes a harmless but noticeable tingling sensation (paresthesia) and flushing, especially on the scalp, usually starting within 20 minutes and lasting about an hour.

Avoid it during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety information. L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate is often well tolerated short-term but can lower blood pressure and requires medical supervision; it's best avoided unless your doctor advises otherwise.

Oral side effects include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, diarrhea, headache, insomnia, and flushing. Beet powder is generally well tolerated as a food, but concentrated supplements lack long-term safety data, so use caution.

The most common effect is red or black stools (harmless), though in rare cases large amounts have been linked to low calcium and kidney damage.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient L-citrulline Beta-alanine L-arginine Beet

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Beet, L-arginine, L-citrulline.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,029 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

If you take any blood pressure medication—including ACE inhibitors, ARBs, other antihypertensives, or isoproterenol—check with your pharmacist first; L-Arginine and L-Citrulline may lower your blood pressure too much. If you're on blood thinners (anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs), potassium-sparing water pills, diabetes medications, or erectile dysfunction drugs like sildenafil, search your exact medication below before starting.

If you take any medication your liver breaks down via the CYP3A4 enzyme (a very common pathway), beet powder may raise its levels in your blood.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product targets nitric oxide and athletic performance through four ingredients with some evidence for exercise benefit. However, it's not for everyone—if you take blood pressure medication, blood thinners, potassium-sparing diuretics, diabetes drugs, or erectile dysfunction medication, you need to check your specific drugs before starting.

L-Arginine and L-Citrulline can significantly lower blood pressure or increase bleeding risk when combined with certain medications. Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Talk with your pharmacist before you begin, especially if you're on any prescription drugs.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 22, 2021.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Beet Root NO+, straight from the product label.

Brand Swanson
Barcode (UPC) 087614028958
Net contents 60 Chewable(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 22, 2021
DSLD ID 250240
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Beet Root NO+ by Swanson, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Chewable Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Chewable Tablet(s)
Servings per container
60
UPC/BARCODE
087614028958
IngredientAmount% DV
L-Citrulline125 mg--
CarnoSyn100 mg--
L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate125 mg--
HiActives Beet Powder100 mg--

Other ingredients: Xylitol, Mannitol, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Croscarmellose Sodium, Citric Acid, Calcium Palmitate, Natural Flavors, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, Silica, Cellulose Gum, Starch, Stevia extract, Povidone

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Promotes nitric oxide production Maintains healthy blood circulation Promotes energy production

Cardiovascular health Fast-acting

General Statements

Science-backed quality since 1969

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, chew one tablet two times per day or as needed.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Natural Alternatives International (NAI) is the owner of patents as listed on www.carnosyn.com and registered trademark CarnoSyn. HiActives is a registered trademark of VDF FutureCeuticals, Inc., used under license.

Precautions

Warning: For adults only.

Consult your physician before using this or any product if you are pregnant or nursing, taking medication or have a medical condition.

Keep out of reach of children.

Notice: Product contains a desiccant packet to maintain freshness. Do not eat the desiccant packet. Do not use if seal is broken.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Beet Root NO+ by Swanson label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Beet Root NO+ label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Beet Root NO+ by Swanson

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Chewable Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

L-Citrulline

Interacts with
178 drugs
125 mg per serving

L-citrulline is an amino acid that the body turns into L-arginine to help make nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and may improve blood flow. I...

L-Citrulline monograph & interactions

CarnoSyn

No known
interactions
100 mg per serving Form: Beta-Alanine

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-int...

CarnoSyn monograph & interactions

L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate

Interacts with
403 drugs
125 mg per serving

L-arginine is an amino acid that the body uses to make nitric oxide, a substance that helps blood vessels relax and widen. It is popularly used for bl...

L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate monograph & interactions

HiActives Beet Powder

Interacts with
861 drugs
100 mg per serving

Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some peopl...

HiActives Beet Powder monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Xylitol, Mannitol, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Croscarmellose Sodium, Citric Acid, Calcium Palmitate, Natural Flavors, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, Silica, Cellulose Gum, Starch, Stevia extract, Povidone. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Beet Root NO+ by Swanson Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Beet Root NO+?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,028Drugs
960 Moderate 68 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

HiActives Beet Powder 861
L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate 403
L-Citrulline 178

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Beet Root NO+ interact with 1,028 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in Beet Root NO+ interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. HiActives Beet Powder L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate L-Citrulline

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Beet Root NO+ with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

HiActives Beet Powder3 drug types · 861 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that betanin, the major pigment in beet, competitively inhibits CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner similarly to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Beet and beetroot contain nitrates, which can cause vasodilation, potentially leading to lower blood pressure. However, a study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition using concentrated beetroot juice found no significant impact on blood pressure or heart rate in different age groups. Other small clinical studies suggest that while beet consumption might transiently lower blood pressure due to vessel dilation, there's no consistent evidence of a lasting effect. Overall, the theoretical risk of reduced blood pressure due to beet's nitrate content exists, but studies generally indicate a low and temporary impact rather than a sustained decrease.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that beet induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
HiActives Beet Powder full monograph & interactions

L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate9 drug types · 403 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and ACE inhibitors may increase the risk for hypotension and hyperkalemia.
Combining L-arginine with some antihypertensive drugs, especially ACE inhibitors, seems to have additive vasodilating and blood pressure-lowering effects. Furthermore, ACE inhibitors can increase potassium levels. Use of L-arginine has been associated with hyperkalemia in some patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of ACE inhibitors with L-arginine may increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (Arbs)

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and ARBs may increase the risk of hypotension and hyperkalemia.
L-arginine increases nitric oxide, which causes vasodilation. Combining L-arginine with ARBs seems to increase L-arginine-induced vasodilation. Furthermore, ARBs can increase potassium levels. Use of L-arginine has been associated with hyperkalemia in some patients. Theoretically, concomitant use of ARBs with L-arginine may increases the risk of hyperkalemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding.
Preliminary research suggests that L-arginine infusions reduce platelet aggregation in humans. The clinical significance of this effect is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Preliminary clinical research shows that L-arginine decreases blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and antihypertensive drugs may increase the risk of hypotension.
L-arginine increases nitric oxide, which causes vasodilation. Clinical evidence shows that L-arginine can reduce blood pressure in some individuals with hypertension. Furthermore, combining L-arginine with some antihypertensive drugs seems to have additive vasodilating and blood pressure-lowering effects.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

Theoretically, concurrent use of isoproterenol and L-arginine might result in additive effects and hypotension.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that L-arginine enhances isoproterenol-induced vasodilation in patients with essential hypertension or a family history of essential hypertension.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Theoretically concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics with L-arginine may increases the risk of hyperkalemia.
Potassium-sparing diuretics can increase potassium levels. Use of L-arginine has been associated with hyperkalemia in some patients.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sildenafil (Viagra)

Theoretically, concurrent use of sildenafil and L-arginine might increase the risk for hypotension.
In vivo, concurrent use of L-arginine and sildenafil has resulted in increased vasodilation. Theoretically, concurrent use might have additive vasodilatory and hypotensive effects. However, in studies evaluating the combined use of L-arginine and sildenafil for erectile dysfunction, hypotension was not reported.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Testosterone

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-arginine and testosterone might have additive effects.
In clinical research, L-arginine increases the level of testosterone in male patients with erectile dysfunction. The clinical significance of this finding is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate full monograph & interactions

L-Citrulline2 drug types · 178 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of L-citrulline with antihypertensive drugs might have additive effects and increase the chance of hypotension.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. However, a meta-analysis of 5 small clinical studies suggests that taking L-citrulline 3-6 grams daily for 1-8 weeks does not lower blood pressure when compared with control.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors

Theoretically, concurrent use of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and L-citrulline might result in additive vasodilation.
L-citrulline is converted to L-arginine, which can increase nitric oxide and cause vasodilation. Theoretically, taking L-arginine with PDE-5 inhibitors might have additive vasodilatory and hypotensive effects. However, in studies evaluating the combined use of L-arginine and sildenafil for erectile dysfunction, hypotension was not reported.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Citrulline full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Beet Root NO+, from the product label.

Swanson

See all Swanson products
Name
Swanson Health Products
City
Fargo
State
ND
ZipCode
58104
Phone Number
1-800-437-4148
Web Address
swanson.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Beet Root NO+ by Swanson: Common Questions

Does Beet Root NO+ by Swanson interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Beet Root NO+ has a known interaction with 1,028 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Beet Root NO+ contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What's actually in this? Is it just beetroot?
No—it's a blend of four active ingredients: L-Citrulline, beta-alanine (CarnoSyn brand), L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, and beet powder. All four work on blood vessel function and nitric oxide to support blood flow and athletic performance. It's not just a beet supplement.
Will this make my blood pressure drop?
It could. L-Citrulline, L-Arginine, and beet all contain compounds that relax blood vessels. If your blood pressure is already normal or low, or if you're on blood pressure medication, this product could push it lower. Check with your pharmacist before starting.
Can I take this while I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. L-Citrulline and CarnoSyn both advise against use during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data. L-Arginine is rated possibly safe in pregnancy, but the product as a whole is not advisable without your doctor's approval. Talk to your OB or pharmacist first.
What's that tingling feeling I might get from this?
That's likely from CarnoSyn (beta-alanine). It's a harmless but common side effect—a pins-and-needles sensation that usually starts on your scalp within about 20 minutes, spreads across your body, and lasts roughly an hour. It's not dangerous, just noticeable.
Will my poop be red or black if I take this?
Possibly. The beet powder ingredient commonly causes red or black stools. It's completely harmless—just the beet pigment passing through—but it can be alarming if you're not expecting it.
Does this actually work for athletic performance?
L-Citrulline and beet powder are both possibly effective for athletic performance based on our data. CarnoSyn (beta-alanine) is also possibly effective for athletic and physical performance. The evidence is there, though not definitive, so it may help—but results vary by person.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Beet Root NO+ label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Beet Root NO+’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

L-citrulline

Interacts with 178 drugs

L-citrulline is an amino acid that the body turns into L-arginine to help make nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels and may improve blood flow. It is popular for exercise performance an...

Read the full L-citrulline monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beta-alanine

Beta-alanine is an amino acid taken mostly by athletes to raise muscle carnosine, which may help buffer acid and reduce fatigue during short, high-intensity exercise. The evidence is moderat...

Read the full Beta-alanine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

L-arginine

Interacts with 403 drugs

L-arginine is an amino acid that the body uses to make nitric oxide, a substance that helps blood vessels relax and widen. It is popularly used for blood pressure, erectile dysfunction, and...

Read the full L-arginine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Beet

Interacts with 861 drugs

Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some people. It is generally safe as a food, but s...

Read the full Beet monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Beet Root NO+'s label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 101 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

L-citrulline 8 references
  1. Cheng JW, Balwin SN. L-arginine in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:755-64. PubMed
  2. Schwedhelm E, Maas R, Freese R, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral L-citrulline and L-arginine: impact on nitric oxide metabolism. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;65:51-9. PubMed
  3. Romero MJ, Platt DH, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Therapeutic use of citrulline in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Drug Rev 2006;24:275-90. PubMed
  4. Balderas-Munoz K, Castillo-Martínez L, Orea-Tejeda A, et al. Improvement of ventricular function in systolic heart failure patients with oral L-citrulline supplementation. Cardiol J 2012;19:612-7. PubMed
  5. Sharif Kashani B, Tahmaseb Pour P, Malekmohammad M, et al. Oral l-citrulline malate in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and Eisenmenger Syndrome: a clinical trial. J Cardiol 2014;64:231-5. PubMed
  6. Pérez-Guisado J, Jakeman PM. Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24:1215-22. PubMed
  7. Mirenayat MS, Moradi S, Mohammadi H, Rouhani MH. Effect of L-citrulline supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018;20(11):98. PubMed
  8. Xu Z, Liu C, Liu S, Zhou Z. Comparison of efficacy and safety of daily oral L-arginine and PDE5Is alone or combination in treating erectile dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Andrologia. 2021:e14007. PubMed

See these in context on the L-citrulline monograph →

Beta-alanine 13 references
  1. Harris RC, Tallon MJ, Dunnett M, et al. The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids 2006;30:279-89.
  2. Hill CA, Harris RC, Kim HJ, et al. Influence of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle carnosine concentrations and high intensity cycling capacity. Amino Acids 2007;32:225-33.
  3. Bellinger PM, Minahan CL. The effect of ß-alanine supplementation on cycling time trials of different length. Eur J Sport Sci 2016;16(7):829-36.
  4. Chung W, Shaw G, Anderson ME, et al. Effect of 10 week beta-alanine supplementation on competition and training performance in elite swimmers. Nutrients 2012;4(10):1441-53. PubMed
  5. Glenn JM, Gray M, Stewart R, et al. Incremental effects of 28 days of beta-alanine supplementation on high-intensity cycling performance and blood lactate in masters female cyclists. Amino Acids 2015;47(12):2593-600. PubMed
  6. Gross M, Bieri K, Hoppeler H, Norman B, Vogt M. Beta-alanine supplementation improves jumping power and affects severe-intensity performance in professional alpine skiers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2014;24(6):665-73. PubMed
  7. Howe ST, Bellinger PM, Driller MW, Shing CM, Fell JW. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on isokinetic force and cycling performance in highly trained cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2013;23(6):562-70. PubMed
  8. Sweeney KM, Wright GA, Glenn Brice A, Doberstein ST. The effect of beta-alanine supplementation on power performance during repeated sprint activity. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24(1):79-87.
  9. Décombaz J, Beaumont M, Vuichoud J, Bouisset F, Stellingwerff T. Effect of slow-release ß-alanine tablets on absorption kinetics and paresthesia. Amino Acids 2012;43(1):67-76. Erratum in: Amino Acids 2013;45(4):1015.
  10. Stellingwerff T, Anwander H, Egger A, et al. Effect of two ß-alanine dosing protocols on muscle carnosine synthesis and washout. Amino Acids 2012;42(6):2461-72. PubMed
  11. da Silva RP, de Oliveira LF, Saunders B, et al. Effects of ß-alanine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the estimated energy system contribution during high-intensity intermittent exercise. Amino Acids. 2019;51(1):83-96. PubMed
  12. Varanoske AN, Hoffman JR, Church DD, et al. Comparison of sustained-release and rapid-release ß-alanine formulations on changes in skeletal muscle carnosine and histidine content and isometric performance following a muscle-damaging protocol. Amino Acids. PubMed
  13. Perim P, Gobbi N, Duarte B, et al. Beta-alanine did not improve high-intensity performance throughout simulated road cycling. Eur J Sport Sci 2021. PubMed

See these in context on the Beta-alanine monograph →

L-arginine 66 references
  1. Sapienza MA, Kharitonov SA, Horvath I, et al. Effect of inhaled L-arginine on exhaled nitric oxide in normal and asthmatic subjects. Thorax 1998;53:172-5.
  2. Clarkson P, Adams MR, Powe AJ, et al. Oral L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilation in hypercholesterolemic young adults. J Clin Invest 1996;97:1989-94. PubMed
  3. Tenenbaum A, Fisman EZ, Motro M. L-arginine: Rediscovery in progress. Cardiology 1998;90:153-9.
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