Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 6 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by CATALO

Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein is a dietary supplement by CATALO with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for replacing fluids and electrolytes, preventing dehydration during exercise or illness, treating low blood sodium (under medical care).Based on those ingredients, 475 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are MirtoSelect, Sodium, Eyebright Extract, Natural. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein by CATALO

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein by CATALO — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein by CATALO

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 16, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “MirtoSelect” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (160 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “FloraGLO” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (40 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains 5 active ingredients. Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids — plant pigments that concentrate in the eye and may help protect vision.

Eyebright extract is a traditional herbal ingredient. Sodium is an essential mineral, though the amount in this supplement matters for your overall sodium intake.

Anthocyanins, MirtoSelect, and FloraGLO are additional plant compounds; MirtoSelect and FloraGLO are branded ingredient blends whose individual components are listed separately above. The capsule also contains inactive ingredients: rice hulls, plant polysaccharides, and rice bran extract.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: eye health, vision, and eye fatigue.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Asthenopia (eye strain), Cataracts, Conjunctivitis, Dry eye, Night vision — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Lutein is rated "Possibly Effective" for Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Lutein is rated "Possibly Effective" for Cataracts.
  • Also on file: Zeaxanthin is rated "Possibly Effective" for Age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Lutein is possibly effective for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts, but the evidence is not yet conclusive. Zeaxanthin is also possibly effective for AMD.

Eyebright's effectiveness for allergic rhinitis, cough, colds, sinus issues, and other respiratory or throat conditions is not established — the data we hold shows insufficient reliable evidence. We don't have effectiveness data on file for anthocyanins, MirtoSelect, or FloraGLO in this product.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Bilberry Tagetes Lutein Zeaxanthin Eyebright

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Sodium is generally well tolerated at normal dietary amounts, but too much is linked to high blood pressure and heart strain. The safety notes advise against sodium supplements or very high intake without medical guidance.

Lutein from food and typical supplement doses is generally well tolerated, with doses up to 20 mg daily showing no adverse effects in trials. Zeaxanthin is generally well tolerated at typical supplement amounts.

Eyebright has been reported orally to cause confusion, headache, nausea, constipation, cough, and nasal congestion in some people. For pregnancy and breastfeeding, lutein is rated likely safe; zeaxanthin is rated likely safe in pregnancy; sodium carries conflicting ratings (likely safe in some instances, possibly unsafe in others); and eyebright safety data advises against use in both pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Sodium Bilberry Tagetes Lutein Zeaxanthin Eyebright

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Eyebright, Sodium, Zeaxanthin.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 291 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check before taking this product if you use blood pressure medications, corticosteroids, lithium, didanosine, sodium phosphates, tolvaptan, or other sodium-containing drugs — all have Moderate interactions with sodium in this formula. Also double-check if you take antidiabetes drugs (insulin, metformin, sulfonylureas, and others), since zeaxanthin and eyebright extract both carry Moderate interactions that could lower your blood sugar.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you have age-related macular degeneration or cataracts, the lutein and zeaxanthin in this product may be worth considering, though evidence is still developing. If you take blood pressure medications, diabetes drugs, lithium, or corticosteroids, run your medication list through the checker on this page before starting — sodium and the other active ingredients may interact.

Talk with your own doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for your situation.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 14, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein, straight from the product label.

Brand CATALO
Net contents 60 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 14, 2023
DSLD ID 303019
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Seniors/Mature (>50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein by CATALO, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
533 mg
Maximum serving Sizes:
1066 mg
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Sugar0.1 Gram(s)--
Sodium1 mg--
Carbohydrates0.2 Gram(s)--
Energy1 Kcal(s)--
Total Fat0 Gram(s)--
Saturated Fat0 Gram(s)--
Trans Fat0 Gram(s)--
Protein0 Gram(s)--
Lutein4 mg--
Zeaxanthin0.4 mg--
Anthocyanins57.6 mg--
MirtoSelect160 mg--
FloraGLO40 mg--
Eyebright Extract, Natural520 mg--

Other ingredients: Rice hulls, Plant Polysaccharides, Rice Bran Extract

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Catalo Bilberry Eye Bright Extract offers you a comprehensive eye care. It contains Mirtoselect European Bilberry Fruit Extract with standardized 36% Anthocyanins, which is effective in stimulating rhodopsin regeneration, enhancing the sharpness of image, eyesight, night vision, as well as helping with presbyopia, Eyebright Extract provides a rapid relief from eye fatigue and disturbances of vision. Specially formulated with patented FloraGlo Marigold Flower Extract, which provides Lutein & Zeaxanthin for protecting macula against harmful blue light.

European Bilberry Extract (80-130:1 Concentrate) Standardized 36% Anthocyanins

Formulation

Main Functions: Alleviate eye fatigue, dryness and eliminate dark eye circles Improve eyesight, clearer vision, prevent degeneration of eyes Provide strong anti-aging effect Suitable for: Eye fatigue, dryness, itchiness, dark eye circles, short sighted, presbyopia, children and elderlies, spending long hours on computer or TV, readers, night drivers, who suffer from blurry vision

Clinically Proven Standardized Ingredients

This product is made from natural sources and may have color variation. This is a normal phenomenon and does not affect product quality. Made in USA

Brand IP Statement(s)

Mirtoselect is a trademark of Indena S.p.A.

General Statements

Scan and Discover More About This Product!

Net Weight 32g (533mg x 60 capsules)

Customer Hotline: (852) 3556 8686

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Serving Directions For adults, take 2 capsules daily in the morning. Take 1 capsule in the afternoon if needed. For children, take 1 capsule daily in the morning

Storage

Storage Keep in a dry and cool place. Avoid direct sunlight

Seals/Symbols

cGMP Current Good Manufacturing Practices

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein by CATALO label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein by CATALO

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size533 mg Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sodium

Interacts with
205 drugs
1 mg per serving

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets g...

Sodium monograph & interactions

Carbohydrates

0.2 Gram(s) per serving
  • › Sugar

Energy

1 Kcal(s) per serving

Protein

0 Gram(s) per serving

MirtoSelect

Interacts with
275 drugs
160 mg per serving Form: European Bilberry Fruit Extract Concentrate

Bilberry is a blueberry-like fruit rich in antioxidant plant compounds called anthocyanins, and it has a long history of traditional use for eye healt...

MirtoSelect monograph & interactions
  • › Anthocyanins

FloraGLO

No known
interactions
40 mg per serving Form: Marigold flower extract

Tagetes (marigold) is a group of flowering plants used in traditional medicine and as a source of plant pigments like lutein. Human evidence for most...

FloraGLO monograph & interactions

Eyebright Extract, Natural

Interacts with
86 drugs
520 mg per serving

Eyebright is a traditional herb long used for minor eye irritation, redness, and allergy symptoms, but high-quality human studies are very limited. Th...

Eyebright Extract, Natural monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Rice hulls, Plant Polysaccharides, Rice Bran Extract. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein by CATALO Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
475Drugs
475 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

MirtoSelect 275
Sodium 205
Eyebright Extract, Natural 86

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein interact with 475 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 7 ingredients in Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. MirtoSelect Sodium Eyebright Extract, Natural

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

MirtoSelect4 drug types · 275 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro, animal, and clinical research suggest that anthocyanidin extracts from bilberry can inhibit platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, bilberry leaf or fruit extract may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that bilberry leaf extract might have blood glucose-lowering activity. Also, one small clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes shows that taking bilberry fruit extract 470 mg as a single dose prior to an oral glucose tolerance test lowers plasma glucose levels when compared with placebo.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates

Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Animal research shows that exposure to small concentrations of bilberry extract in drinking water for around one month increased CYP2E1 activity by 31%. However, exposure over a 2-month period did not increase CYP2E1 activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Erlotinib (Tarceva)

Theoretically, bilberry fruit extract might reduce the efficacy of erlotinib.
In vitro research suggests that bilberry fruit extract and its constituents, delphinidin and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, inhibit the activity of erlotinib. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
MirtoSelect full monograph & interactions

Sodium7 drug types · 205 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Corticosteroids

Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Didanosine (Videx)

Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Lithium

Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Phosphates

Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sodium-Containing Drugs

Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tolvaptan (Samsca)

Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.

Likelihood Probable Evidence C
Sodium full monograph & interactions

Eyebright Extract, Natural1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, eyebright might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that eyebright lowers blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Eyebright Extract, Natural full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein, from the product label.

CATALO

See all CATALO products
Name
CATALO Natural Health USA Inc.
City
City of Industry
State
CA
ZipCode
91748
Web Address
CATALO.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein by CATALO: Common Questions

Does Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein by CATALO interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein has a known interaction with 475 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this help my vision or prevent macular degeneration?
Lutein and zeaxanthin, two of the active ingredients, are possibly effective for age-related macular degeneration and cataracts — meaning there's evidence they may help, but it's not conclusive yet. Talk with your eye doctor about whether this product fits your eye health plan.
Is it safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Lutein is rated likely safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Zeaxanthin is rated likely safe in pregnancy. However, eyebright is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding — safety hasn't been established for those periods. The sodium and anthocyanins don't have pregnancy/breastfeeding data on file. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.
What side effects might I experience?
Lutein and zeaxanthin are generally well tolerated at supplement doses. Eyebright, taken by mouth, has been reported to cause confusion, headache, nausea, constipation, cough, and nasal congestion in some people. If you notice any of these, stop and talk with your pharmacist.
Is there a lot of sodium in this product?
The product facts don't specify the exact amount of sodium per capsule. Because sodium interacts with several medications and high intake raises blood pressure risk, ask your pharmacist how much sodium is in each dose and whether it fits your overall daily sodium target.
What is eyebright supposed to do?
Eyebright is a traditional herbal ingredient. The evidence we hold shows insufficient reliable evidence for it to help with allergic rhinitis, colds, cough, sinus problems, or sore throat — so we can't say it's proven effective for those uses.
Can I take this if I'm on diabetes medication?
Zeaxanthin and eyebright extract both have documented interactions with antidiabetes drugs and may lower blood sugar further, raising the risk of low blood sugar. Check with your pharmacist or doctor before adding this product to your diabetes regimen.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Sodium

Interacts with 205 drugs

Sodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...

Read the full Sodium monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bilberry

Interacts with 275 drugs

Bilberry is a blueberry-like fruit rich in antioxidant plant compounds called anthocyanins, and it has a long history of traditional use for eye health, circulation, and mild diarrhea. While...

Read the full Bilberry monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Tagetes

Tagetes (marigold) is a group of flowering plants used in traditional medicine and as a source of plant pigments like lutein. Human evidence for most health benefits is very limited, and the...

Read the full Tagetes monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Lutein

Lutein is a plant-based antioxidant pigment that concentrates in the eye, and the best evidence suggests it (often combined with zeaxanthin) may help slow progression of age-related macular...

Read the full Lutein monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Zeaxanthin

Interacts with 86 drugs

Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid pigment that, along with lutein, concentrates in the macula of the eye and may help support long-term eye health. The strongest evidence relates to slowing progres...

Read the full Zeaxanthin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Eyebright

Interacts with 86 drugs

Eyebright is a traditional herb long used for minor eye irritation, redness, and allergy symptoms, but high-quality human studies are very limited. There is not enough reliable evidence to c...

Read the full Eyebright monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Bilberry Eye Bright plus Lutein's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 63 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Sodium 38 references
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.
  2. Food and Drug Administration Science Background: Safety of Sodium Phosphates Oral Solution. September 17, 2001. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/safety/sodiumphospate.htm
  3. Coton T, Mallaret C, Coilliot C, Carre D, Guisset M. Severe acute ulcerated gastritis induced by salt. Presse Med 2009;38(3):499-500. PubMed
  4. Frings-Meuthen P, Buehlmeier J, Baecker N, et al. High sodium chloride intake exacerbates immobilization-induced bone resorption and protein losses. J Appl Physiol 2011;111(2):537-542. PubMed
  5. Frings-Meuthen P, Baecker N, Heer M. Low-grade metabolic acidosis may be the cause of sodium chloride-induced exaggerated bone resorption. J Bone Miner Res 2008;23(4):517-524. PubMed
  6. Alam S, Johnson AG. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCT) among healthy normotensive and essential hypertensive elderly patients to determine the effect of high salt (NaCl) diet of blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1999;13(6):367-74.
  7. Boudville N, Ward S, Benaroia M, House AA. Increased sodium intake correlates with greater use of antihypertensive agents by subjects with chronic kidney disease. Am J Hypertens 2005;18(10):1300-5. PubMed
  8. Bennett WM. Drug interactions and consequences of sodium restriction. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65(2 Suppl):678S-681S. PubMed
  9. Okusa MD, Crystal LJ. Clinical manifestations and management of acute lithium intoxication. Am J Med 1994;97(4):383-9. PubMed
  10. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for water, potassium, sodium, chloride, and sulfate. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10925. DOI
  11. D'Elia L, Rossi G, Ippolito R, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P. Habitual salt intake and risk of gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Clin Nutr 2012;31(4):489-98. PubMed
  12. Goldsmith SR. Hyponatremia in heart failure: time for a trial. J Card Fail 2013;19(6):398-400. PubMed
  13. Willocks L, Brettle R, Keen J, Valentine C, Pinching AJ. Formulations of didanosine (ddI) and salt overload. Lancet 1992;339(8786):190.
  14. Chen L, Zhang Z, Chen W, Whelton PK, Appel LJ. Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(7):1270-5. PubMed
  15. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Lower levels of sodium intake and reduced cardiovascular risk. Circulation. 2014;129(9):981-9. PubMed
  16. Cook NR, Appel LJ, Whelton PK. Sodium Intake and All-Cause Mortality Over 20 Years in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(15):1609-1617. PubMed
  17. Mente A, O'Donnell M, Rangarajan S, et al. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. 2016;388(10043):465-75. PubMed
  18. Moosavian SP, Haghighatdoost F, Surkan PJ, Azadbakht L. Salt and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2017;68(3):265-277. PubMed
  19. O'Donnell M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, et al. Urinary sodium and potassium excretion, mortality, and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(7):612-23. DOI
  20. Poggio R, Gutierrez L, Matta MG, Elorriaga N, Irazola V, Rubinstein A. Daily sodium consumption and CVD mortality in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(4):695-704. PubMed
  21. Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium, Food and Nutrition Board, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington (DC): National Acad
  22. Mahtani KR, Heneghan C, Onakpoya I, et al. Reduced Salt Intake for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1693-1700. PubMed
  23. Yancy CW. Sodium Restriction in Heart Failure: Too Much Uncertainty-Do the Trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Dec 1;178(12):1700-1701. PubMed
  24. He FJ, Campbell NRC, Ma Y, MacGregor GA, Cogswell ME, Cook NR. Errors in estimating usual sodium intake by the Kawasaki formula alter its relationship with mortality: implications for public health. Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(6):1784-1795. PubMed
  25. Murthy K, Ondrey GJ, Malkani N, et al. THE EFFECTS OF HYPONATREMIA ON BONE DENSITY AND FRACTURES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Endocr Pract. 2019;25(4):366-378. PubMed
  26. Messerli FH, Hofstetter L, Syrogiannouli L, et al. Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality. Eur Heart J 2021;42(21):2103-2112. PubMed
  27. Graudal NA, Hubeck-Graudal T, Jurgens G. Effects of low sodium diet versus high sodium diet on blood pressure, renin, aldosterone, catecholamines, cholesterol, and triglyceride. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;12(12):CD004022. PubMed
  28. Giatti S, Santos RB, Aielo AN, et al. Association of sodium with obstructive sleep apnea. The ELSA-Brasil study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021;18(3):502-510. PubMed
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See these in context on the Sodium monograph →

Lutein 2 references
  1. Brown L, Rimm EB, Seddon JM, et al. A prospective study of carotenoid intake and risk of cataract extraction in US men. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:517-24. PubMed
  2. Chasan-Taber L, Willett WC, Seddon JM, et al. A prospective study of carotenoid and vitamin A intakes and risk of cataract extraction in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:509-16. PubMed

See these in context on the Lutein monograph →

Zeaxanthin 4 references
  1. Montonen J, Knekt P, Jarvinen R, Reunanen A. Dietary antioxidant intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:362-6. PubMed
  2. Leermakers ET, Darweesh SK, Baena CP, et al. The effects of lutein on cardiometabolic health across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2016;103(2):481-94. PubMed
  3. Kou L, Du M, Zhang C, Dai Z, Li X, Zhang B. The Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, and Anti-Diabetic Nephritic Activities of Zeaxanthin in Diet-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017;182(3):944-955. PubMed
  4. Xu X, Zhao X, Berde Y, Low YL, Kuchan MJ. Milk and Plasma Lutein and Zeaxanthin Concentrations in Chinese Breast-Feeding Mother-Infant Dyads With Healthy Maternal Fruit and Vegetable Intake. J Am Coll Nutr 2019;38(2):179-184. PubMed

See these in context on the Zeaxanthin monograph →

Bilberry 14 references
  1. Cignarella A, Nastasi M, Cavalli E, Puglisi L. Novel lipid-lowering properties of Vaccinium myrtillus L. leaves, a traditional antidiabetic treatment, in several models of rat dyslipidaemia: a comparison with ciprofibrate. Thromb Res 1996;84:311-22. PubMed
  2. Morazzoni P, Magistretti MJ. Activity of Myrtocyan, an anthosyanoside complex from Vaccinium myrtillus (VMA), on platelet aggregation and adhesiveness. Fitoterapia 1990;61:13-21.
  3. Erlund, I., Koli, R., Alfthan, G., Marniemi, J., Puukka, P., Mustonen, P., Mattila, P., and Jula, A. Favorable effects of berry consumption on platelet function, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(2):323-331. PubMed
  4. Hawrelak, J. A. and Myers, S. P. Effects of two natural medicine formulations on irritable bowel syndrome symptoms: a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med 2010;16(10):1065-1071. PubMed
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  6. Pulliero G, Montin S, Bettini V, and et al. Ex vivo study of the inhibitory effects of Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides on human platelet aggregation. Fitoterapia 1989;60:69-75.
  7. Bottecchia D. Preliminary report on the inhibitory effect of vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides on platelet aggregation and clot retraction. Fitoterapia 1987;48:3-8.
  8. Fdez, M., Zaragoza, F., and Alvarez, P. In vitro platelet aggregation effects of anthocyanosides of vaccinium myrtilus L. Anales de la Real Academia de Farmacia 1983;49:79-90.
  9. Biedermann L, Mwinyi J, Scharl M, Frei P, Zeitz J, Kullak-Ublick GA, et al. Bilberry ingestion improves disease activity in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis-an open pilot study. 2013 May;7(4):271-9. PubMed
  10. Hoggard N, Cruickshank M, Moar KM, Bestwick C, Holst J, Russell W, et al. A single supplement of a standardized bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract (36% wet weight anthocyanins) modifies glycaemic response in individuals with type 2 diabetes control
  11. Aichinger G, Pahlke G, Nagel LJ, Berger W, Marko D. Bilberry extract, its major phenolic compounds, and soy isoflavone genistein antagonize the cytostatic drug erlotinib in human epithelial cells. Food Funct 2016;7(8):3628-36.
  12. Prokop J, Lněničková K, Cibicek N, et al. Effect of bilberry extract (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) on drug-metabolizing enzymes in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019;129:382-90. PubMed
  13. Chan SW, Chu TTW, Choi SW, Benzie IFF, Tomlinson B. Impact of short-term bilberry supplementation on glycemic control, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and antioxidant status in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Phytother Res 2021. Online ahead o PubMed
  14. Bøhn SK, Myhrstad MCW, Thoresen M, et al. Bilberry/red grape juice decreases plasma biomarkers of inflammation and tissue damage in aged men with subjective memory impairment -a randomized clinical trial. BMC Nutr 2021;7(1):75. PubMed

See these in context on the Bilberry monograph →

Tagetes 1 reference
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.

See these in context on the Tagetes monograph →

Eyebright 4 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Wichtl MW. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Ed. N.M. Bisset. Stuttgart: Medpharm GmbH Scientific Publishers, 1994.
  3. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  4. Porchezhian, E., Ansari, S. H., and Shreedharan, N. K. Antihyperglycemic activity of Euphrasia officinale leaves. Fitoterapia 2000;71(5):522-526. PubMed

See these in context on the Eyebright monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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