Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 8 of 9 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Candida Control Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by BIOVEA

Candida Control label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Candida Control against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Candida Control is a dietary supplement by BIOVEA with 9 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for sore throat, skin and wound care, respiratory infections.Based on those ingredients, 1,226 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Oregon Grape, Fennel, Oregano Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Candida Control by BIOVEA

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Candida Control by BIOVEA — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Candida Control by BIOVEA

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 9 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

Candida Control contains nine active ingredients in a proprietary blend. The formula includes Usnea (a lichen), Pau d'Arco (a tree bark), fresh Black Walnut, Tea Tree Oil, Oregano Oil, Spilanthes, Oregon Grape (containing berberine), Gentian root, and Fennel.

The product also contains Grain Alcohol and deionized Water as inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: support against candida and fungal infections.
  • We looked for evidence on: Oropharyngeal candidiasis, Onychomycosis, Tinea pedis, Tinea corporis, Tinea capitis, Atopic dermatitis (eczema) — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Tea Tree Oil is rated "Possibly Effective" for Onychomycosis (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Tea Tree Oil is rated "Possibly Effective" for Tinea pedis.
  • Also on file: Oregon Grape is rated "Possibly Effective" for Psoriasis.

The evidence for most ingredients in this formula is not established. Usnea, Pau d'Arco, Black Walnut, Oregano Oil, Oregon Grape, Gentian, and Fennel all show insufficient reliable evidence to rate their effectiveness for the conditions this product targets.

Tea Tree Oil has possibly effective evidence for acne and tinea pedis (athlete's foot), though those uses are topical—this is an oral liquid. The overall effectiveness of the combination for candida control is not supported by the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Usnea Pau D'arco Black Walnut Tea Tree Oil Oregano Oregon Grape Gentian Fennel

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 8 of the 8 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 8 of 8.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 8 of 8.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Several ingredients carry safety cautions. Usnea taken orally has been linked to liver damage via its constituent usnic acid and should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data.

Pau d'Arco is possibly unsafe in pregnancy and should be avoided; doses above 1.5 grams daily of its lapachol constituent may cause anemia, bleeding risk, and severe nausea or vomiting. Black Walnut has limited long-term safety data; avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Tea Tree Oil is toxic if swallowed—this product contains it orally, which is a concern; it is only safe topically when diluted. Oregano Oil at medicinal doses should be avoided in pregnancy.

Oregon Grape is likely unsafe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Gentian can cause gastrointestinal upset.

Fennel at concentrated doses should be avoided in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Spilanthes safety data is not on file.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Usnea Pau D'arco Black Walnut Tea Tree Oil Oregano Oregon Grape Gentian Fennel

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 5 of the 8 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Fennel, Oregon Grape, Oregano, Pau D'arco, Gentian.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,227 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, check your exact medications if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (Major interaction from Oregon Grape's enzyme inhibition affecting your drug levels); blood pressure medications (Moderate); diabetes medications (Moderate); birth control or hormone replacement therapy (Moderate); the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (Moderate); tamoxifen (Moderate); or sedating medications (Moderate). No interactions are documented for Usnea, Tea Tree Oil, or Black Walnut, though Tea Tree Oil is toxic if swallowed and should not be in an oral product.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product contains multiple ingredients with serious safety and interaction concerns, particularly Oregon Grape's enzyme-inhibiting effects and Tea Tree Oil's oral toxicity. If you take any prescription medications, blood pressure drugs, blood thinners, diabetes medication, birth control, or hormone therapy, you must check your exact drugs with the tool on this page before using this product.

Talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, and absolutely do not use if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 8 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 22, 2015.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Candida Control, straight from the product label.

Brand BIOVEA
Barcode (UPC) 689076069151
Net contents 30 mL; 1 fl. Oz.
Market status Off market
Date entered into DSLD May 22, 2015
DSLD ID 45577
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Candida Control by BIOVEA, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 mL
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
689076069151
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Blend0 NP--
Usnea0 NP--
Pau d'Arco0 NP--
fresh Black Walnut0 NP--
Tea Tree Oil0 NP--
Oregano Oil0 NP--
fresh & dry Spilanthes0 NP--
Oregon Grape0 NP--
Gentian0 NP--
Fennel0 NP--

Other ingredients: Grain Alcohol, deionized Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Precautions

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

Warning: Do not take during pregnancy.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Shake well before using.

Suggested Use: Take 30 drops, 3 times per day, in water before meals.

Seals/Symbols

K PARVE K-1604

MADE IN THE USA

GMP COMPLIANT

General

A15

Formulation

Vegan Product

General Statements

guaranteed premium quality

liquid extract

FDA Statement of Identity

herbal supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Candida Control by BIOVEA label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Candida Control label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Candida Control by BIOVEA

These are the 9 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

0 NP per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Grain Alcohol, Deionized Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Candida Control by BIOVEA Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Candida Control?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,226Drugs
1,226 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Oregon Grape 1,218
Fennel 740
Oregano Oil 208
Gentian 172
Pau d'Arco 122

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Candida Control interact with 1,226 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

5 of the 9 ingredients in Candida Control interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Oregon Grape Fennel Oregano Oil Gentian Pau d'Arco

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Candida Control with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Oregon Grape9 drug types · 1,218 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, Oregon grape might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and in vivo research suggests that berberine, a constituent of Oregon grape, can inhibit platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, Oregon grape might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research suggests that berberine, a constituent of Oregon grape, can lower blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, Oregon grape might increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Animal research suggests that berberine, a constituent of Oregon grape, can have hypotensive effects. Also, an analysis of clinical evidence suggests that taking berberine in combination with amlodipine (Norvasc) can lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared with taking amlodipine alone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, Oregon grape might increase the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Animal research suggests that berberine, a constituent of Oregon grape, can have sedative effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, Oregon grape might increase the effects and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
Berberine, a constituent of Oregon grape, can reduce metabolism of cyclosporine and increase serum levels. It might inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which metabolizes cyclosporine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, Oregon grape might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that berberine, a constituent of Oregon grape, can inhibit cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9).

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, Oregon grape might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research and preliminary clinical evidence suggest that berberine, a constituent of Oregon grape, can inhibit cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6).

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, Oregon grape might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research and preliminary clinical evidence suggest that berberine, a constituent of Oregon grape, moderately inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, Oregon grape might increase serum levels of drugs that are P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
In vitro research suggests that Oregon grape extracts inhibit P-gp efflux.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Oregon Grape full monograph & interactions

Fennel6 drug types · 740 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

Animal research suggests that fennel oil has antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Theoretically, fennel might decrease the levels and clinical effects of ciprofloxacin.

Animal research shows that fennel reduces ciprofloxacin bioavailability by nearly 50%, possibly due to the metal cations such as calcium, iron, and magnesium contained in fennel. This study also found that fennel increased tissue distribution and slowed elimination of ciprofloxacin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the effects of contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.

In vitro research suggests that fennel inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity, which may interfere with the antiestrogenic activity of tamoxifen.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Fennel full monograph & interactions

Oregano Oil2 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that aristolochic acid isolated from oregano leaves has antithrombin activity. It has also been reported that oregano oil inhibits arachidonic acid-induced, and ADP-induced, platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that oregano extracts might lower blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Oregano Oil full monograph & interactions

Gentian1 drug type · 172 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
In vitro research shows that gentian can cause vasodilation and lower blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Gentian full monograph & interactions

Pau d'Arco1 drug type · 122 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, pau d'arco might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that pau d'arco reduces platelet aggregation and may interfere with vitamin K. One clinical study shows that taking the lapachol constituent of pau d'arco in doses above 1.5 grams daily increases the risk of bleeding. The effects of whole pau d'arco or pau d'arco extract in humans are unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pau d'Arco full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Candida Control, from the product label.

BIOVEA

See all BIOVEA products
Name
BIOVEA
Phone Number
1-800-961-4750
Web Address
www.biovea.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Candida Control by BIOVEA: Common Questions

Does Candida Control by BIOVEA interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Candida Control has a known interaction with 1,226 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Candida Control contains 9 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take while pregnant?
No. Usnea, Pau d'Arco, Black Walnut, Oregano Oil, Oregon Grape, Gentian, and Fennel all carry pregnancy cautions ranging from possibly unsafe to likely unsafe. The safety data advises against use during pregnancy. Talk with your doctor or midwife for personalized advice.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
No. Usnea, Pau d'Arco, Black Walnut, Oregon Grape, Gentian, and Fennel all have safety cautions against breastfeeding. Oregon Grape is likely unsafe due to berberine passing to infants. Speak with your doctor or pharmacist before use.
Does Tea Tree Oil in a liquid you drink work the same way as topical tea tree oil?
No—and it's dangerous. Tea Tree Oil is toxic when swallowed, even in small amounts. As little as 2.5 mL can cause a rash, and it can cause nerve and brain effects. This product is an oral liquid, which means swallowing tea tree oil, so it carries serious safety risk.
Does this product actually work for candida?
The data we hold does not establish effectiveness for candida control. Most ingredients lack sufficient evidence to rate, and Tea Tree Oil's evidence is for topical use (acne, athlete's foot), not oral use for systemic candida.
What's Oregon Grape doing in here, and why does it matter?
Oregon Grape contains berberine, which slows how your liver breaks down many medications. This can cause drug levels to build up dangerously in your blood. If you take medications for blood pressure, cholesterol, heart rhythm, allergies, or many other conditions, your drug levels could become too high. That's why checking your exact medications is crucial.
Can I take this with my blood thinner?
Potentially not safely. Pau d'Arco, Oregano Oil, Fennel, and Oregon Grape all theoretically increase bleeding risk with blood thinners. You must check with your pharmacist or doctor before adding this product if you take a blood thinner like warfarin, apixaban, or any antiplatelet drug.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Candida Control label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Candida Control’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Usnea

Usnea is a lichen used in traditional herbal medicine, mainly for sore throats, skin infections, and as a general antimicrobial. Laboratory studies suggest its main compound, usnic acid, can...

Read the full Usnea monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Pau D'arco

Interacts with 122 drugs

Pau d'arco is a South American tree bark traditionally used for infections and inflammation, and it contains compounds like lapachol that show activity in lab studies. However, strong human...

Read the full Pau D'arco monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Black Walnut

Black walnut is a tree whose green hulls are traditionally used as a natural antiparasitic and digestive remedy, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking. It contains a compound ca...

Read the full Black Walnut monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Tea Tree Oil

Tea tree oil is an essential oil used on the skin for acne, fungal infections, and other skin problems, with some supportive but limited evidence. It is for topical use only and should never...

Read the full Tea Tree Oil monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Oregano

Interacts with 208 drugs

Oregano is a common Mediterranean cooking herb that is also sold as a concentrated oil or supplement, often standardized for a compound called carvacrol. While lab studies suggest it may hav...

Read the full Oregano monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Oregon Grape

Interacts with 1,218 drugs

Oregon grape is a shrub whose root contains berberine and related compounds. The strongest (though still modest) evidence is for topical creams that may slightly ease psoriasis; evidence for...

Read the full Oregon Grape monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Gentian

Interacts with 172 drugs

Gentian is a very bitter root traditionally used to stimulate appetite and ease mild digestive complaints, often as part of "bitters" before meals. The evidence is mostly traditional and pre...

Read the full Gentian monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Fennel

Interacts with 740 drugs

Fennel is a Mediterranean herb widely used as a food and spice, and traditionally taken for digestive complaints, colic, and menstrual cramps. Some small studies suggest possible benefit for...

Read the full Fennel monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Candida Control's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 105 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Usnea 10 references
  1. Favreau JT, Ryu Ml, Braunstein G, et al. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the dietary supplement LipoKinetix. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:590-5. PubMed
  2. Ingolfsdottir K. Usnic acid. Phytochemistry 2002;61:729-36.
  3. Scirpa, P., Scambia, G., Masciullo, V., Battaglia, F., Foti, E., Lopez, R., Villa, P., Malecore, M., and Mancuso, S. [A zinc sulfate and usnic acid preparation used as post-surgical adjuvant therapy in genital lesions by Human Papillomavirus]. Minerva Gin
  4. Mitchell, J. C. Allergy to lichens. Allergic contact dermatitis from usnic acid produced by lichenized fungi. Arch Dermatol 1965;92(2):142-146.
  5. Durazo, F. A., Lassman, C., Han, S. H., Saab, S., Lee, N. P., Kawano, M., Saggi, B., Gordon, S., Farmer, D. G., Yersiz, H., Goldstein, R. L., Ghobrial, M., and Busuttil, R. W. Fulminant liver failure due to usnic acid for weight loss. Am.J Gastroenterol. PubMed
  6. Neff, G. W., Reddy, K. R., Durazo, F. A., Meyer, D., Marrero, R., and Kaplowitz, N. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with the use of weight loss diet supplements containing ma huang or usnic acid. J Hepatol. 2004;41(6):1062-1064. PubMed
  7. Hsu, L. M., Huang, Y. S., Chang, F. Y., and Lee, S. D. 'Fat burner' herb, usnic Acid, induced acute hepatitis in a family. J Gastroenterol.Hepatol. 2005;20(7):1138-1139. PubMed
  8. Arneborn, P., Jansson, A., and Bottiger, Y. [Acute hepatitis in a woman after intake of slimming pills bought via Internet]. Lakartidningen 7-11-2005;102(28-29):2071-2072.
  9. Sanchez, W., Maple, J. T., Burgart, L. J., and Kamath, P. S. Severe hepatotoxicity associated with use of a dietary supplement containing usnic acid. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81(4):541-544. PubMed
  10. Rafanelli, S., Bacchilega, R., Stanganelli, I., and Rafanelli, A. Contact dermatitis from usnic acid in vaginal ovules. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(4):271-272. PubMed

See these in context on the Usnea monograph →

Pau D'arco 6 references
  1. Gómez Castellanos JR, Prieto JM, Heinrich M. Red Lapacho (Tabebuia impetiginosa)--a global ethnopharmacological commodity? J Ethnopharmacol 2009;121:1-13. PubMed
  2. Guerra, Mde O., Mazoni, A. S., Brandao, M. A., and Peters, V. M. Toxicology of Lapachol in rats: embryolethality. Braz.J Biol. 2001;61(1):171-174. PubMed
  3. Felicio, A. C., Chang, C. V., Brandao, M. A., Peters, V. M., and Guerra, Mde O. Fetal growth in rats treated with lapachol. Contraception 2002;66(4):289-293. PubMed
  4. Son, D. J., Lim, Y., Park, Y. H., Chang, S. K., Yun, Y. P., Hong, J. T., Takeoka, G. R., Lee, K. G., Lee, S. E., Kim, M. R., Kim, J. H., and Park, B. S. Inhibitory effects of Tabebuia impetiginosa inner bark extract on platelet aggregation and vascular s
  5. Block JB, Serpick AA, Miller W, Wiernik PH. Early clinical studies with lapachol (NSC-11905). Cancer Chemother Rep 2. 1974;4(4):27-8.
  6. Algranti E, Mendonça EM, Ali SA, Kokron CM, Raile V. Occupational asthma caused by Ipe (Tabebuia spp) dust. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2005;15(1):81-3.

See these in context on the Pau D'arco monograph →

Black Walnut 3 references
  1. Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
  2. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  3. Food and Drug Administration. Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA); Public Law 108-282, Title II. Accessed on May 19, 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-allergensgluten-free-guidance-documents-regulatory-infor

See these in context on the Black Walnut monograph →

Tea Tree Oil 31 references
  1. Robbers JE, Tyler VE. Tyler's Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York, NY: The Haworth Herbal Press, 1999.
  2. Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal, 4th ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1999. DOI
  3. De Groot AC. Airborn allergic contact dermatitis from tea tree oil. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:304-5.
  4. Rubel DM, Freeman S, Southwell IA. Tea tree oil allergy: what is the offending agent? Report of three cases of tea tree oil allergy and review of the literature. Australas J Dermatol 1998;39:244-7. PubMed
  5. Carson CF, Riley TV, Cookson BD. Efficacy and safety of tea tree oil as a topical antimicrobial agent. J Hosp Infect 1998;40:175-8. PubMed
  6. Bhushan M, Beck MH. Allergic contact dermatitis from tea tree oil in a wart paint. Contact Dermatitis 1997;36:117-8. PubMed
  7. Del Beccaro MA. Melaleuca oil poisoning in a 17-month-old. Vet Hum Toxicol 1995;37:557-8.
  8. Jandourek A, Vaishampayan JK, Vazquez JA. Efficacy of melaleuca oral solution for the treatment of fluconazole refractory oral candidiasis in AIDS patients. AIDS 1998;12:1033-7. DOI
  9. Zhang SY, Robertson D. A study of tea tree oil ototoxicity. Audiol Neurootol 2000;5:64-8. PubMed
  10. Bassett IB, Pannowitz DL, Barnetson RS. A comparative study of tea-tree oil versus benzoylperoxide in the treatment of acne. Med J Aust 1990;153:455-8. PubMed
  11. Jacobs MR, Hornfeldt CS. Melaleuca oil poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1994;32:461-4.. PubMed
  12. Elliott C. Tea tree oil poisoning. Med J Aust 1993;159:830-1. PubMed
  13. Knight TE, Hausen BM. Melaleuca oil (tea tree oil) dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;30:423-7.. PubMed
  14. Bruynzeel DP. Contact dermatitis due to tea tree oil. Trop Med Int Health 1999;4:630.
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Oregano 12 references
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Oregon Grape 21 references
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Gentian 5 references
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See these in context on the Gentian monograph →

Fennel 17 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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