Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 10 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Codizone Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Amazon Therapeutics

Codizone label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Codizone against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Codizone is a dietary supplement by Amazon Therapeutics with 10 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, immune support.Based on those ingredients, 967 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Cat's Claw, Mexican Yam. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Codizone by Amazon Therapeutics

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Codizone by Amazon Therapeutics — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Codizone by Amazon Therapeutics

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 10 active ingredients.

Codizone is a liquid supplement with 10 ingredients, of which several are traditional botanical extracts. The active ingredients we have data for include Cat's Claw (an Amazonian vine traditionally used for joint and immune support), Iporuru (an Amazonian plant with a history in folk medicine), Mexican Yam (also called Wild Yam, used traditionally for hormonal balance), and Sangre de Grado (a tree resin from the Amazon region).

The product also contains distilled water, 30–40% organic alcohol as a solvent, and four other traditional plant ingredients — Chu Chu Huasi, Clavo Huasca, Qat Tea, and Nucno Pichana — for which we hold no interaction data.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: muscle wellness.
  • We looked for evidence on: Joint pain, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Dysmenorrhea, Menopausal symptoms, Postmenopausal conditions — and 3 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Wild Yam is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Menopausal symptoms (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Iporuru is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Joint pain.
  • Also on file: Cat's Claw is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

The evidence for Codizone's ingredients is limited. Cat's claw has been studied for allergic rhinitis, Alzheimer disease, asthma, osteoporosis, cancer, and chronic fatigue syndrome, but the data is insufficient to rate it for any of these.

Mexican Yam (Wild Yam) is rated Possibly Ineffective for menopausal symptoms and has insufficient evidence for gallbladder disease, sexual dysfunction, irregular menstrual periods, and infertility. Sangre de Grado shows the strongest data: it is rated Possibly Effective for HIV-related diarrhea and travelers' diarrhea.

Iporuru, Chu Chu Huasi, Clavo Huasca, Qat Tea, and Nucno Pichana either lack effectiveness ratings or we hold no data on them.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Cat's Claw Iporuru Wild Yam Sangre De Grado

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Cat's Claw is generally well tolerated in the short term in healthy adults, but long-term safety is not well studied. In one clinical trial of patients with advanced tumors, anemia occurred in 12% of participants, and leukopenia and low platelet counts each occurred in 2%; headache, fatigue, insomnia, and nerve pain (neuropathy) were also reported.

Several case reports link Cat's Claw to kidney injury. Mexican Yam is likely fine for short-term use but its long-term safety is unclear, and it can cause fever, headache, upset stomach, vomiting, and rarely anaphylaxis.

Sangre de Grado is generally well tolerated with limited clinical safety data; mild digestive upset, bronchitis, and headache have been reported. Iporuru has very little quality safety research in humans.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Cat's Claw Iporuru Wild Yam Sangre De Grado

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Cat's Claw, Wild Yam.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs.
  • For scale: 968 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking Codizone, check if you use blood pressure medications (antihypertensives) or calcium channel blockers, as Cat's Claw may lower your blood pressure further — Moderate severity. Also double-check if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, immunosuppressants, drugs metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme system, estrogen-containing medications, or the COVID-19 antiviral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid).

We could not check several ingredients for interactions, so run your complete medication list through the checker on this page.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you take blood pressure medications, blood thinners, immunosuppressants, or are on the COVID-19 antiviral Paxlovid, or if you use hormone therapy (especially estrogens), check this product against your exact medications before starting — the interactions are real. Cat's Claw and Mexican Yam are not safe in pregnancy or while breastfeeding; talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether Codizone is right for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 10 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 23, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Codizone, straight from the product label.

Brand Amazon Therapeutics
Barcode (UPC) 838451008418
Net contents 2 Fluid Ounce(s); 60 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Apr 23, 2020
DSLD ID 217761
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Women (not pregnant or lactating), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Codizone by Amazon Therapeutics, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
15 Drop(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
20 Drop(s)
UPC/BARCODE
838451008418
IngredientAmount% DV
distilled Water0 NP--
Cat's Claw0 NP--
30-40% organic Alcohol0 NP--
Chu Chu Huasi0 NP--
Iporuru0 NP--
Clavo Huasca0 NP--
Qat TeaTM0 NP--
Mexican Yam0 NP--
Sangre de Grado0 NP--
Nucno Pichana0 NP--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Your Selection You hold in your hands the finest traditional botanical available. This botanical is a long-standing favorite of South America where it has been empirically selected for its effectiveness over many generations.

Direct from the source

Traditional Ethnobotanical Information Amazon Therapeutics works for the preservation of rainforests and to uphold the intellectual property rights of native healers and their traditional medicines.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Directions Take 15-20 drops two to three times daily as recommended by a health care practitioner

Precautions

Cautions: Information provided on this label should not be used as medical advice. Not intended for long-term use.

Not intended for pregnant or nursing women.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Formulation

Muscle wellness

Wild crafted sustainable harvest

Gluten free

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Seals/Symbols

EarthKosher

Formula

EarthKosher

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Codizone by Amazon Therapeutics label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Codizone label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Codizone by Amazon Therapeutics

These are the 10 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size15 Drop(s) Dosage formLiquid Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Distilled Water

0 NP per serving

Cat's Claw

Interacts with
962 drugs
0 NP per serving

Cat's claw is a South American vine traditionally used for inflammation, joint pain, and immune support. Some small studies hint it may help with arth...

Cat's Claw monograph & interactions

30-40% organic Alcohol

0 NP per serving

Chu Chu Huasi

0 NP per serving

Iporuru

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Iporuru is an Amazonian shrub traditionally used by Indigenous peoples for joint pain, arthritis, and inflammation. Scientific evidence in humans is v...

Iporuru monograph & interactions

Clavo Huasca

0 NP per serving

Qat TeaTM

0 NP per serving

Mexican Yam

Interacts with
41 drugs
0 NP per serving

Wild yam is a root traditionally used for menopausal symptoms, cramps, and as a so-called 'natural' hormone supplement, but solid human evidence for t...

Mexican Yam monograph & interactions

Sangre de Grado

No known
interactions
0 NP per serving

Sangre de Grado is a red tree sap from the Amazon rainforest used traditionally for diarrhea, wounds, and skin problems. Some of its compounds have be...

Sangre de Grado monograph & interactions

Nucno Pichana

0 NP per serving
Interaction report

Codizone by Amazon Therapeutics Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Codizone?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
967Drugs
967 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Cat's Claw 962
Mexican Yam 41

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Codizone interact with 967 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 10 ingredients in Codizone interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Cat's Claw Mexican Yam

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Codizone with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Cat's Claw6 drug types · 962 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, cat's claw may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Cat's claw contains rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline. Animal research suggests that these alkaloids can inhibit platelet aggregation. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking cat's claw with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cat's claw contains rhynchophylline. In vitro and animal research suggests that rhynchophylline can lower blood pressure. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Calcium Channel Blockers

Theoretically, taking cat's claw with calcium channel blockers might increase the risk of hypotension.
Cat's claw contains various alkaloids, including rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, corynoxeine, and isocorynoxiene. Animal research suggests that these alkaloids can lower blood pressure by acting as calcium channel blockers. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, cat's claw might increase or decrease the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Cat's claw may affect the clearance of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4. In vitro research shows that cat's claw can inhibit CYP3A4 enzymes. In one case report, a patient taking cat's claw (at an unspecified dose) experienced increased serum levels of atazanavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir, all of which are CYP3A4 substrates. Levels returned to normal 15 days after discontinuation of the cat's claw supplement, suggesting inhibition of CYP3A4 by cat's claw. In contrast, animal research suggests that rhynchophylline, an alkaloid contained in cat's claw, induces CYP3A expression and accelerates the metabolism of nirmatrelvir, the active component in the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir combination product.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, cat's claw might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
In human and laboratory research, cat's claw has been shown to have immunostimulating activity. It stimulates phagocytosis and increases respiratory cellular activity and the mobility of leukocytes. Theoretically, this could interfere with the activity of immunosuppressant medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (Paxlovid)

Theoretically, cat's claw may decrease the levels of nirmatrelvir.
Cat's claw contains rhynchophylline. Animal research suggests that this alkaloid induces CYP3A expression, thereby accelerating the metabolism of nirmatrelvir, the active component in the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir combination product. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cat's Claw full monograph & interactions

Mexican Yam1 drug type · 41 drugs

Estrogens

Theoretically, wild yam might increase or decrease the effects of estrogen.
Wild yam root shows estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects in vitro. Theoretically, wild yam might interfere with hormone therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Mexican Yam full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Codizone, from the product label.

Amazon Therapeutics

See all Amazon Therapeutics products
Name
Herbs America
Street Address
PO Box 446
City
Murphy
State
OR
ZipCode
97533
Phone Number
541-846-6222
Web Address
www.amazonmedicine.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Codizone by Amazon Therapeutics: Common Questions

Does Codizone by Amazon Therapeutics interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Codizone has a known interaction with 967 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Codizone contains 10 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take Codizone if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. Cat's Claw should be avoided in pregnancy because it was traditionally used as an abortifacient and lacks safety data, and should not be used while breastfeeding. Mexican Yam and Sangre de Grado also don't have enough safety data and should be avoided in both pregnancy and breastfeeding. Talk to your doctor before taking any supplement while pregnant or nursing.
What does Sangre de Grado do?
Sangre de Grado is rated Possibly Effective for HIV-related diarrhea and travelers' diarrhea. For other uses, we don't have established evidence.
Can Codizone help with menopausal symptoms?
Mexican Yam, one of the active ingredients, is rated Possibly Ineffective for menopausal symptoms based on the evidence we hold, so Codizone is unlikely to help with that specific issue.
What side effects might I experience?
Cat's Claw can cause anemia, low white blood cells, low platelet counts, headache, fatigue, insomnia, and nerve pain — and in rare cases, kidney injury. Mexican Yam may cause fever, headache, upset stomach, vomiting, and very rarely anaphylaxis. Sangre de Grado is generally well tolerated but can cause mild digestive upset, bronchitis, or headache.
Is long-term use of Codizone safe?
Cat's Claw and Mexican Yam are generally well tolerated short-term in healthy adults, but long-term safety for both is not well studied. Use cautiously and talk with your pharmacist about your individual situation.
What ingredients are in Codizone?
Codizone contains 10 ingredients including Cat's Claw, Iporuru, Mexican Yam, and Sangre de Grado, plus distilled water, 30–40% organic alcohol, and four other traditional plant extracts. We hold no interaction data for distilled water, the alcohol, or Chu Chu Huasi, Clavo Huasca, Qat Tea, and Nucno Pichana.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Codizone is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Codizone label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Codizone’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Cat's Claw

Interacts with 962 drugs

Cat's claw is a South American vine traditionally used for inflammation, joint pain, and immune support. Some small studies hint it may help with arthritis symptoms, but the overall evidence...

Read the full Cat's Claw monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Iporuru

Iporuru is an Amazonian shrub traditionally used by Indigenous peoples for joint pain, arthritis, and inflammation. Scientific evidence in humans is very limited, so its true benefits and sa...

Read the full Iporuru monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Wild Yam

Interacts with 41 drugs

Wild yam is a root traditionally used for menopausal symptoms, cramps, and as a so-called 'natural' hormone supplement, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking. Despite popular cl...

Read the full Wild Yam monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Sangre De Grado

Sangre de Grado is a red tree sap from the Amazon rainforest used traditionally for diarrhea, wounds, and skin problems. Some of its compounds have been studied scientifically, and one purif...

Read the full Sangre De Grado monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Codizone's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 35 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Cat's Claw 16 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
  3. Sandoval M, Charbonnet RM, Okuhama NN, et al. Cat's claw inhibits TNFalpha production and scavenges free radicals: role in cytoprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2000;29:71-78.
  4. Müller AC, Kanfer I. Potential pharmacokinetic interactions between antiretrovirals and medicinal plants used as complementary and African traditional medicines. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2011;32(8):458-70. PubMed
  5. Sheng, Y., Bryngelsson, C., and Pero, R. W. Enhanced DNA repair, immune function and reduced toxicity of C-MED-100, a novel aqueous extract from Uncaria tomentosa. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;69(2):115-126. PubMed
  6. Lamm, S., Sheng, Y., and Pero, R. W. Persistent response to pneumococcal vaccine in individuals supplemented with a novel water soluble extract of Uncaria tomentosa, C-Med-100. Phytomedicine 2001;8(4):267-274.
  7. Sheng, Y., Li, L., Holmgren, K., and Pero, R. W. DNA repair enhancement of aqueous extracts of Uncaria tomentosa in a human volunteer study. Phytomedicine 2001;8(4):275-282.
  8. Chen, C. X., Jin, R. M., Li, Y. K., Zhong, J., Yue, L., Chen, S. C., and Zhou, J. Y. Inhibitory effect of rhynchophylline on platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue.Bao. 1992;13(2):126-130.
  9. Flythe, J. E., Rueda, J. F., Riscoe, M. K., and Watnick, S. Silicate nephrolithiasis after ingestion of supplements containing silica dioxide. Am.J.Kidney Dis. 2009;54(1):127-130. PubMed
  10. Zhou, J. and Zhou, S. Antihypertensive and neuroprotective activities of rhynchophylline: the role of rhynchophylline in neurotransmission and ion channel activity. J.Ethnopharmacol. 10-28-2010;132(1):15-27. PubMed
  11. Zhou, J. Y. and Zhou, S. W. Isorhynchophylline: A plant alkaloid with therapeutic potential for cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases. Fitoterapia 2012;83(4):617-626. PubMed
  12. Hemingway, S. R. and Phillipson, J. D. Proceedings: Alkaloids from S. American species of Uncaria (Rubiaceae). J.Pharm.Pharmacol. 1974;26 Suppl:113P.
  13. Hilepo, J. N., Bellucci, A. G., and Mossey, R. T. Acute renal failure caused by 'cat's claw' herbal remedy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nephron 1997;77(3):361. PubMed
  14. De Paula LCL, Fonseca F, Perazzo F, et al. Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) improves quality of life in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Altern Complement Med. 2015;21(1):22-30.
  15. Portalatin G, Shettigar S, Carrion-Rodriguez A, et al. Ketogenic-Diet Shake Containing Uncaria tomentosa-Associated Acute Interstitial Nephritis. Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2022;12(3):219-225.
  16. Lei S, Guo A, Lu J, et al. Activation of PXR causes drug interactions with Paxlovid in transgenic mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023;13(11):4502-4510. PubMed

See these in context on the Cat's Claw monograph →

Iporuru 3 references
  1. Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source
  2. Herbs at a Glance — NIH NCCIH Source
  3. Herbal Supplements — MedlinePlus Source

See these in context on the Iporuru monograph →

Wild Yam 7 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Eagon PK, Elm MS, Hunter DS, et al. Medicinal herbs: modulation of estrogen action. Era of Hope Mtg, Dept Defense; Breast Cancer Res Prog, Atlanta, GA 2000;Jun 8-11.
  3. Cheong JL, Bucknall R. Retinal vein thrombosis associated with a herbal phytoestrogen preparation in a susceptible patient. Postgrad Med J 2005;81:266-7.. PubMed
  4. Rosenberg Zand, R. S., Jenkins, D. J., and Diamandis, E. P. Effects of natural products and nutraceuticals on steroid hormone-regulated gene expression. Clin Chim.Acta 2001;312(1-2):213-219. PubMed
  5. Araghiniknam M, Chung S, Nelson-White T, and et al. Antioxidant activity of Dioscorea and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in older humans. Life Sciences 1996;59:L147-L157.
  6. Zeng M, Zhang L, Li M, et al. Estrogenic effects of the extracts from the Chinese Yam (Dioscorea opposite Thunb.) and its effective compounds in vitro and in vivo. Molecules. 2018 Jan 23;23(2). Pii: E11. PubMed
  7. Lu J, Wong RN, Zhang L, et al. Comparative analysis of proteins with stimulating activity on ovarian estradiol biosynthesis from four different Dioscorea species in vitro using both phenotypic and target-based approaches: implication for treating menopaus

See these in context on the Wild Yam monograph →

Sangre De Grado 9 references
  1. Holodniy M, Koch J, Mistal M, et al. A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II study to assess the safety and efficacy of orally administered SP-303 for the symptomatic treatment of diarrhea in patients with AIDS. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;9 PubMed
  2. Safrin S, McKinley G, McKeough M, et al. Treatment of acyclovir-unresponsive cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection with topically applied SP-303. Antiviral Res 1994;25:185-92. PubMed
  3. Orozco-Topete R, Sierra-Madero J, Cano-Dominguez C, et al. Safety and efficacy of Virend for topical treatment of genital and anal herpes simplex lesions in patients with AIDS. Antiviral Res 1997;35:91-103. PubMed
  4. Dicesare D, Dupont HL, Mathewson JJ, et al. A double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled study of SP-303 (Provir) in the symptomatic treatment of acute diarrhea among travelers to Mexico and Jamaica. Infectious Diseases Society of America Annual Meetin
  5. Miller, M. J., Vergnolle, N., McKnight, W., Musah, R. A., Davison, C. A., Trentacosti, A. M., Thompson, J. H., Sandoval, M., and Wallace, J. L. Inhibition of neurogenic inflammation by the Amazonian herbal medicine sangre de grado. J.Invest Dermatol. 200 PubMed
  6. DiCesare, D., DuPont, H. L., Mathewson, J. J., Ashley, D., Martinez-Sandoval, F., Pennington, J. E., and Porter, S. B. A double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of SP-303 (Provir) in the symptomatic treatment of acute diarrhea among travelers
  7. MacArthur RD, Hawkins T, Brown SJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of crofelemer for noninfectious diarrhea in HIV-seropositive individuals (ADVENT trial): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-stage study. HIV Clin Trials 2013;14(6):261-73. PubMed
  8. Mangel AW, Chaturvedi P. Evaluation of crofelemer in the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients. Digestion 2008;78(4):180-6. PubMed
  9. Nee J, Salley K, Ludwig AG, et al. Randomized clinical trial: crofelemer treatment in women with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2019;10(12):e00110. PubMed

See these in context on the Sangre De Grado monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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