Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Night Pack: Krill Oil Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Onnit

Night Pack: Krill Oil label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Night Pack: Krill Oil against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Night Pack: Krill Oil is a dietary supplement by Onnit with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for heart and cholesterol support, high triglycerides, joint pain and inflammation.Based on those ingredients, 976 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Astaxanthin, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Krill Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Night Pack: Krill Oil by Onnit

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Night Pack: Krill Oil by Onnit — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Night Pack: Krill Oil by Onnit

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 27, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “Omega-3 Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (120 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This 5-ingredient supplement centers on krill oil — a crustacean-derived source of omega-3 fatty acids — combined with astaxanthin, a natural carotenoid. Krill oil delivers eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, the same omega-3s found in fish oil, plus phospholipids that may aid absorption.

Astaxanthin is a pigment antioxidant derived from algae or crustaceans. The inactive ingredients are gelatin (the capsule), ethyl vanillin (a flavoring), glycerin, and water.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: brain function, mood, immune health, bone and joint.
  • We looked for evidence on: Age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, Cognitive function, Cognitive impairment, Depression, Exercise-induced muscle damage — and 4 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Astaxanthin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Age-related cognitive decline (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Astaxanthin is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Alzheimer disease, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Osteoarthritis, Exercise-induced muscle damage.
  • Also on file: Krill Oil is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Alzheimer disease, Cognitive function.

Krill oil is possibly effective for dry eye — the one condition with meaningful evidence in our data. For aging skin, Alzheimer disease, cancer, high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), and cognitive function, the evidence isn't established enough to rate it.

Astaxanthin shows insufficient evidence for age-related cognitive decline, age-related macular degeneration, aging skin, Alzheimer disease, athletic performance, and carpal tunnel syndrome. None of astaxanthin's uses have solid evidence behind them in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Krill Oil Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Astaxanthin

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Krill oil is generally well tolerated at doses up to 4 grams daily, though it can cause bloating, decreased appetite, diarrhea, fishy burps, flatulence, heartburn, nausea, and stomach discomfort — side effects that tend to be less severe than those from fish oil. Rarely, headache, tiredness, and dizziness have been reported.

Avoid krill oil if you have a shellfish allergy, and use caution if you have a bleeding disorder. Astaxanthin is generally well tolerated in studies, but long-term safety data are limited.

The most common side effects are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and red fecal color. For pregnancy: there isn't enough data on krill oil to know whether it's safe — talk with your doctor before using it.

The safety data for astaxanthin advises against use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. For breastfeeding, there also isn't enough data on krill oil — check with your doctor.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Krill Oil Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Astaxanthin

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Astaxanthin, Krill Oil.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 839 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this if you use blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (like warfarin or aspirin) — krill oil may increase bleeding risk. Also double-check if you take diabetes medications, as krill oil might lower blood sugar further.

If you're on medications broken down by your liver through the CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 pathways — a broad group that includes many common drugs — astaxanthin could theoretically change their levels, so confirm this is safe for you.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you have dry eyes and no bleeding disorder or shellfish allergy, krill oil is worth discussing with your doctor. Anyone on blood thinners, antiplatelet drugs, or diabetes medications needs to clear this product with their doctor or pharmacist first — the interaction risk is real, even if it's theoretical in humans.

Start low if your provider approves, since stomach upset is common. Talk it over with your own doctor or pharmacist before you start.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 23, 2016.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Night Pack: Krill Oil, straight from the product label.

Brand Onnit
Barcode (UPC) 819444010199
Net contents 30 Total Packet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 23, 2016
DSLD ID 67393
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Night Pack: Krill Oil by Onnit, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
UPC/BARCODE
819444010199
IngredientAmount% DV
Krill Oil500 mg--
Omega-3 Fatty Acids120 mg--
Eicosapentaenoic Acid65 mg--
Docosahexaenoic Acid30 mg--
Phospholipids200 mg--
Astaxanthin60 mcg--

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Ethyl Vanillin, Glycerin, Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Why Total Primate Care? Forget a multivitamin. If you want to play at a high level, this is the ante to get you in the game. The Total Primate Care packs include the best of the Onnit formulas combined with vital earth grown nutrients. The day pack helps you focus and provides mental clarity with Alpha BRAIN, maintain normal cellular energy levels with adaptogen-packed Shroom TECH Sport, and support bone and joint health with Stron BONE. The night pack support your healthy mood with New MOOD, provides calcium and magnesium from coral and supports your immune system with ViruTech.

TPC

Night pack contains: New MOOD ViruTech Shroom TECH Immune Coral Calcium Spirulina & Chlorella Spriulina & Chlorella Krill Oil

Copyright 2016 Onnit Labs, LLC. All rights reserved.

Formula

The night pack support your healthy mood with New MOOD, provides calcium and magnesium from coral and supports your immune system with ViruTech. Both packs contain the highly potent Krill Oil packed with omega-3s, the green superfoods, Spirulina & Chlorella, and Shroom TECH Immune to support your immune system.

Night pack contains: New MOOD ViruTech Shroom TECH Immune Coral Calcium Spirulina & Chlorella Spriulina & Chlorella Krill Oil

General Statements

"TPC provides a balanced combination of earth-green nutrients to help support overall health and energy levels along with targeted supplements to help optimize neural and physical performance systems." Dr. Dan Engle M.D.

"With the greens, the Krill Oil, and the core Onnit formulas included, you know you have your bases covered in the most convenient and value conscious manner possible." Joe Rogan Comedian, TV Show Host

Dr. Dan has a financial interest in Onnit Labs, LLC Joe Rogan has a financial interest in Onnit Labs, LLC

Designed to help the body support: Brain Function Enhanced Mood Immune Health Bone and Joint Maintenance Micronutrient delivery with earth grown nutrients that go beyond a multivitamin

15 night packs

Trey Hardee Olympic Decathlete Mike Dolce Nutritionist/Author Brian Cushing Pro Football Player

Night pack benefits Designed to help: Support healthy mood Provide relaxation and tranquility Assist immune function Nourish you while you sleep

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: As a dietary supplement, take 1 packet in the evening prior to sleep, preferably with a light meal or snack.

Precautions

Consult a medical doctor before taking this or any other dietary supplement if you are pregnant, nursing, have or suspect a medical condition or are taking any medications.

General

R161306-256

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Night Pack: Krill Oil by Onnit label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Night Pack: Krill Oil label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Night Pack: Krill Oil by Onnit

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Krill Oil

Interacts with
208 drugs
500 mg per serving

Krill oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids, which may help absorption. It is most studied for lowering triglyce...

Krill Oil monograph & interactions

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Interacts with
375 drugs
120 mg per serving

DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish and algae that is a building block for the brain, nervous system, and eyes. It is widely used and gen...

Omega-3 Fatty Acids monograph & interactions
  • › Eicosapentaenoic Acid
  • › Docosahexaenoic Acid

Phospholipids

200 mg per serving

Astaxanthin

Interacts with
671 drugs
60 mcg per serving

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise...

Astaxanthin monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Ethyl Vanillin, Glycerin, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Night Pack: Krill Oil by Onnit Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Night Pack: Krill Oil?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
976Drugs
976 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Astaxanthin 671
Omega-3 Fatty Acids 375
Krill Oil 208

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Night Pack: Krill Oil interact with 976 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in Night Pack: Krill Oil interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Astaxanthin Omega-3 Fatty Acids Krill Oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Night Pack: Krill Oil with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Astaxanthin2 drug types · 671 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces cytochrome CYP2B6 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, astaxanthin may decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that astaxanthin induces CYP3A4 enzyme activity in human hepatocytes. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Astaxanthin full monograph & interactions

Omega-3 Fatty Acids3 drug types · 375 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Although some clinical evidence suggests that DHA might reduce collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation and thromboxane release, most clinical evidence suggests that DHA alone does not affect blood clotting. However, theoretically, when given in combination with EPA as fish oil, concomitant use with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs (including aspirin) might increase risk of bleeding.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antidiabetes drugs might reduce the effects of these medications.
In people with type 2 diabetes, including those taking oral hypoglycemic medications, DHA seems to increase fasting blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Fish oils containing DHA can lower blood pressure and might have additive effects in patients treated with antihypertensives; use with caution.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Omega-3 Fatty Acids full monograph & interactions

Krill Oil2 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, krill oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Taking high doses of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil can modestly decrease platelet aggregation. Since krill oil also contains these fatty acids, taking high doses of krill oil might also inhibit platelet aggregation. Theoretically, taking high doses of krill oil with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bleeding. However, the omega-3 content of krill oil is much lower than that of fish oil.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking krill oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some research in animals and humans shows that krill oil might lower blood glucose levels. However, a small study shows that taking krill oil does not reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, most of whom were taking antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Krill Oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Night Pack: Krill Oil, from the product label.

Onnit

See all Onnit products
Name
Onnit Labs, LLC
City
Austin
State
Texas
ZipCode
78744
Phone Number
(855) 666-4899
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Night Pack: Krill Oil by Onnit: Common Questions

Does Night Pack: Krill Oil by Onnit interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Night Pack: Krill Oil has a known interaction with 976 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Night Pack: Krill Oil contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this give me the same stomach issues as fish oil?
Krill oil tends to cause fewer or less severe gastrointestinal side effects than fish oil. You might still get bloating, diarrhea, fishy burps, or heartburn, but the data shows these happen less often with krill oil. Starting with a lower dose may help.
Can I take this if I'm on warfarin or another blood thinner?
Not without checking with your doctor first. Krill oil may increase your bleeding risk when combined with blood thinners, so your doctor needs to assess whether it's safe for you and whether your dosing needs adjusting.
What does astaxanthin do in this formula?
Astaxanthin is a carotenoid antioxidant — a pigment that your body can use to help reduce oxidative stress. The evidence for it in products like this isn't strong yet, but it's included for potential antioxidant support.
Is krill oil safe during pregnancy?
There isn't enough reliable safety data to know either way. Talk with your doctor before using krill oil while pregnant — they can weigh the potential benefits and risks for your situation. Astaxanthin should be avoided in pregnancy.
Can I take this if I have diabetes?
Check with your doctor first. Krill oil might lower blood glucose, and taking it alongside diabetes medications theoretically raises your risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Your doctor may need to monitor your blood sugar more closely or adjust your medication.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Night Pack: Krill Oil is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Night Pack: Krill Oil label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Night Pack: Krill Oil’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Krill Oil

Interacts with 208 drugs

Krill oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids, which may help absorption. It is most studied for lowering triglycerides and supporting heart health, but t...

Read the full Krill Oil monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha)

Interacts with 375 drugs

DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish and algae that is a building block for the brain, nervous system, and eyes. It is widely used and generally well tolerated, with the stronges...

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Astaxanthin

Interacts with 671 drugs

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise benefits. Early human studies are promis...

Read the full Astaxanthin monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Night Pack: Krill Oil's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 65 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Krill Oil 13 references
  1. Leaf A. On the reanalysis of the GISSI-Prevenzione. Circulation 2002;105:1874-5. PubMed
  2. Connor WE. n-3 Fatty acids from fish and fish oil: panacea or nostrum? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74;415-6. PubMed
  3. Calder PC. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: pouring oil on troubled waters or another fishy tale? Nutr Res 2001;21:309-41. DOI
  4. Bunea R, El Farrah K, Deutsch L. Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the clinical course of hyperlipidemia. Altern Med Rev 2004;9:420-8.
  5. Sampalis F, Bunea R, Pelland MF, et al. Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea. Altern Med Rev 2003;8:171-9.
  6. Harris WS, Miller M, Tighe AP, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: clinical and mechanistic perspectives. Atherosclerosis 2008;197:12-24. PubMed
  7. Tandy S, Chung RW, Wat E, et al. Dietary krill oil supplementation reduces hepatic steatosis, glycemia, and hypercholesterolemia in high-fat-fed mice. J Agric Food Chem 10-14-2009;57:9339-45. PubMed
  8. Maki, K. C., Reeves, M. S., Farmer, M., Griinari, M., Berge, K., Vik, H., Hubacher, R., and Rains, T. M. Krill oil supplementation increases plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in overweight and obese men and women. Nutr.R PubMed
  9. Albert BB, Derraik JG, Brennan CM, et al. Supplementation with a blend of krill and salmon oil is associated with increased metabolic risk in overweight men. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;102(1):49-57.
  10. Berge K, Musa-Veloso K, Harwood M, Hoem N, Burri L. Krill oil supplementation lowers serum triglycerides without increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults with borderline high or high triglyceride levels. Nutr Res 2014;34(2):126-33. PubMed
  11. Lobraico JM, DiLello LC, Butler AD, Cordisco ME, Petrini JR, Ahmadi R. Effects of krill oil on endothelial function and other cardiovascular risk factors in participants with type 2 diabetes, a randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2015 PubMed
  12. van der Wurff ISM, von Schacky C, Bergeland T, Zeegers MP, Kirschner PA, de Groot RHM. Krill oil supplementation's effect on school grades in typically developing adolescents. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023;191:102553. PubMed
  13. van der Wurff ISM, von Schacky C, Bergeland T, et al. Effect of 1 year krill oil supplementation on cognitive achievement of Dutch adolescents: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1230. PubMed

See these in context on the Krill Oil monograph →

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) 49 references
  1. Akedo I, Ishikawa H, Nakamura T, et al. Three cases with familial adenomatous polyposis diagnosed as having malignant lesions in the course of a long-term trial using docosahexanoic acid (DHA)-concentrated fish oil capsules (abstract). Jpn J Clin Oncol PubMed
  2. Prisco D, Paniccia R, Bandinelli B, et al. Effect of medium-term supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients. Thromb Res 1998;1:105-12.
  3. Grimsgaard S, Bonaa KH, Hansen JB, Nordoy A. Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in humans have similar triacylglycerol-lowering effects but divergent effects on serum fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:649-59.
  4. Toft I, Bonaa KH, Ingebretsen OC, et al. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and blood pressure in essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:911-8.
  5. Sacks FM, Hebert P, Appel LJ, et al. Short report: the effect of fish oil on blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in phase I of the trials of hypertension prevention. J Hypertens 1994;12:209-13.
  6. Vandongen R, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects on blood pressure of omega 3 fats in subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 1993;22:371-9. PubMed
  7. FDA. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Letter regarding dietary supplement health claim for omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/95s0316/95s-0316-Rpt0272-38-Appendix-D-Reference
  8. Pedersen HS, Mulvad G, Seidelin KN, et al. N-3 fatty acids as a risk factor for haemorrhagic stroke. Lancet 1999;353:812-3. PubMed
  9. Ito Y, Suzuki K, Imai H, et al. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on atrophic gastritis in a Japanese population. Cancer Lett 2001;163:171-8. PubMed
  10. Kris-Ehterton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ, et al. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2002;106:2747-57. PubMed
  11. Woodman RJ, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on glycemic control, blood pressure, and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with treated hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:1007-15.. PubMed
  12. Marangell LB, Martinez JM, Zboyan HA, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the treatment of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:996-8.. PubMed
  13. Leng GC, Smith FB, Fowkes FG, et al. Relationship between plasma essential fatty acids and smoking, serum lipids, blood pressure and haemostatic and rheological factors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;51:101-8. PubMed
  14. Nelson GJ, Schmidt PS, Bartolini GL, et al. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans. Lipids 1997;32:1129-36. PubMed
  15. Wheaton DH, Hoffman DR, Locke KG, et al. Biological safety assessment of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in a randomized clinical trial for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1269-78. PubMed
  16. Malcolm CA, McCulloch DL, Montgomery C, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy and visual evoked potential development in term infants: a double blind, prospective, randomised trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003;88: DOI
  17. Sanjurjo P, Ruiz-Sanz JI, Jimeno P, et al. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid in the last trimester of pregnancy: maternal-fetal biochemical findings. J Perinat Med 2004;32:132-6.
  18. Montgomery C, Speake BK, Cameron A, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and fetal accretion. Br J Nutr 2003;90:135-45. DOI
  19. Lauritzen L, Hoppe C, Straarup EM, Michaelsen KF. Maternal fish oil supplementation in lactation and growth during the first 2.5 years of life. Pediatr Res 2005;58:235-42. PubMed
  20. Hawkes JS, Bryan DL, Makrides M, et al. A randomized trial of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid-rich tuna oil and its effects on the human milk cytokines interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:75
  21. Uauy R, Hoffman DR, Mena P, et al. Term infant studies of DHA and ARA supplementation on neurodevelopment: Results of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2003;143:S17-25. PubMed
  22. Decsi, T., Campoy, C., and Koletzko, B. Effect of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy: the Nuheal trial. Adv.Exp Med Biol 2005;569:109-113. PubMed
  23. Mori, T. A., Bao, D. Q., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., and Beilin, L. J. Docosahexaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid lowers ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in humans. Hypertension 1999;34(2):253-260. PubMed
  24. Otto, S. J., van Houwelingen, A. C., and Hornstra, G. The effect of supplementation with docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid derived from single cell oils on plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids of pregnant women in the second trimester. Prostaglandins Le PubMed
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See these in context on the Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) monograph →

Astaxanthin 3 references
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See these in context on the Astaxanthin monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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