Herb & supplement monograph

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Drug Interactions, Uses, Effectiveness, Safety & More

Medically reviewed by ·Updated July 2026
What is this page for?

First and foremost: how Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) interacts with medications. The heart of this page is the interaction list — every drug Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) is known to interact with, and how serious each one is.

But these pages have grown well beyond that into a full monograph — what Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) is, what people use it for and how strong the evidence is, its safety and side effects, and answers to the questions we’re asked most — written and reviewed by the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases, not medical advice, and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

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Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) Drug Interactions: The Bottom Line

From the HelloPharmacist Editorial Team · Updated July 2026

Based on the available evidence, the overall risk of a clinically significant Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) drug interaction appears low for most people. None of the listed interactions are rated major; all fall into a few moderate categories, and most rest on theoretical or limited evidence.

Interactions deserving the most attention

The best-documented concern involves blood pressure medications, since fish oils containing DHA can lower blood pressure and may add to the effect of these drugs, so blood pressure is worth watching. In people with type 2 diabetes, DHA may raise fasting blood sugar, which could work against diabetes medications. A bleeding risk with blood thinners is often mentioned, but most human evidence shows DHA on its own does not meaningfully affect clotting, so this concern is largely theoretical.

What the rest of the list means

The long list of interacting medications comes from a few broad drug categories applied across hundreds of individual drugs, not from hundreds of separate proven problems. Most of these concerns are predicted from how DHA might act in the body, and for some, like bleeding, human studies have not confirmed a meaningful effect. In practice, the combinations that matter most involve closely monitored measures like blood pressure and blood sugar.

Check your medications against Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha)

Based on HelloPharmacist’s Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) interaction data and reviewed under our editorial standards.

Interaction report

Drugs that interact with Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha)

375 medications have a known interaction with Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha), graded by severity. Select any drug for the full evidence-based detail.

2,830 drugs
AbciximabReoPro
Moderate Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Abciximab interaction
AbrocitinibCibinqo
Moderate Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Abrocitinib interaction Abrocitinib drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
AcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
Moderate Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antidiabetes drugs might reduce the effects of these medications.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Acarbose interaction Acarbose drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
AcebutololRhotral, Sectral
Moderate Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Acebutolol interaction Acebutolol drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
AcenocoumarolSintrom
Moderate Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Acenocoumarol interaction
Acetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
Moderate Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interaction
Acetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
Moderate Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interaction
Acetaminophen, IbuprofenCombogesic
Moderate Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen interaction
AcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
Moderate Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Acetazolamide interaction Acetazolamide drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
AcetohexamideDymelor
Moderate Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antidiabetes drugs might reduce the effects of these medications.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Acetohexamide interaction
Acetylsalicylic AcidEntrophen
Moderate Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Acetylsalicylic Acid interaction Acetylsalicylic Acid drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
AlbiglutideTanzeum
Moderate Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antidiabetes drugs might reduce the effects of these medications.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Albiglutide interaction
AliskirenTekturna
Moderate Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Aliskiren interaction Aliskiren drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
AlogliptinNesina
Moderate Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antidiabetes drugs might reduce the effects of these medications.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Alogliptin interaction Alogliptin drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
Alogliptin, MetforminKazano
Moderate Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antidiabetes drugs might reduce the effects of these medications.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Alogliptin, Metformin interaction
Alogliptin, PioglitazoneOseni
Moderate Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antidiabetes drugs might reduce the effects of these medications.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Alogliptin, Pioglitazone interaction
Alteplase, TpaActilyse, Activase
Moderate Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Alteplase, Tpa interaction
Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium HydroxideAscriptin Codeine #2
Moderate Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interaction
Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium HydroxideAscriptin
Moderate Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide interaction Aluminum Hydroxide, Aspirin, Magnesium Hydroxide drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
AmbrisentanLetairis, Volibris
Moderate Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Ambrisentan interaction Ambrisentan drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
AmilorideAmilamont, Midamor
Moderate Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Amiloride interaction Amiloride drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
Amiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
Moderate Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interaction Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
AmlodipineNorliqva
Moderate Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Amlodipine interaction Amlodipine drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
Amlodipine BenzoateKaterzia
Moderate Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Amlodipine Benzoate interaction Amlodipine Benzoate drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
Amlodipine BesilateIstin
Moderate Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Amlodipine Besilate interaction
Amlodipine BesylateNorvasc
Moderate Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Amlodipine Besylate interaction Amlodipine Besylate drug page: uses, dosage & side effects
Amlodipine Besylate, BenazeprilLotrel
Moderate Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interaction
Amlodipine, CelecoxibConsensi
Moderate Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interaction
Ammonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
Moderate Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Ammonium Chloride interaction
Anacaulase-bcdbNexoBrid
Moderate Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.

Read the full Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) + Anacaulase-bcdb interaction
Read The List Like a Pharmacist

What Severity, Likelihood & Evidence Mean

Severity — How Serious It Can Be

  • Major. Clinically significant; generally best avoided, or used only under direct professional supervision.
  • Moderate. May need monitoring, a dose adjustment, or separating the times you take each one.
  • Minor. Generally not clinically significant, but still worth noting and mentioning to your pharmacist.
  • No known interaction. Checked against our sources with nothing documented — not the same as proven safety.

Likelihood — How Well It’s Documented

  • Likely. Well-controlled human studies have demonstrated the likely existence of this interaction
  • Probable. Interaction has not been documented in well-controlled studies, however, the interaction has been demonstrated in some small human studies or in controlled animal studies in conjunction with multiple case reports.
  • Possible. Interaction has been documented in animal or in lab research, or the interaction has been documented in humans but is limited to case reports or conflicting clinical research exists
  • Unlikely. Interaction has been demonstrated in animal or in lab research but has been shown not to occur in humans.

Where This Data Comes From

  • Interaction records are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database (TRC Healthcare), the same reference used by pharmacists and hospitals.
  • Each drug listed above links to the full report for that exact Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) combination — clinical detail, likelihood, evidence level, and citations.
  • Content is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.
The big picture

The kinds of drugs Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) affects

Every type of medication (drug category) Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) is known to interact with. Open any category for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

All 3 drug categories Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) interacts with
Anticoagulant/antiplatelet DrugsAntidiabetes DrugsAntihypertensive Drugs
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, DHA may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Although some clinical evidence suggests that DHA might reduce collagen-stimulated platelet aggregation and thromboxane release, most clinical evidence suggests that DHA alone does not affect blood clotting. However, theoretically, when given in combination with EPA as fish oil, concomitant use with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs (including aspirin) might increase risk of bleeding.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antidiabetes drugs might reduce the effects of these medications.
In people with type 2 diabetes, including those taking oral hypoglycemic medications, DHA seems to increase fasting blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking DHA with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Fish oils containing DHA can lower blood pressure and might have additive effects in patients treated with antihypertensives; use with caution.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Monograph

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha): Uses, Safety & Side Effects

Medically reviewed by · Reviewed July 2026 ·
The bottom line

DHA is an omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish and algae that is a building block for the brain, nervous system, and eyes. It is widely used and generally well tolerated, with the strongest support for fetal/infant development and lowering triglycerides; evidence for many other uses is mixed. Talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, especially if you are pregnant, have a bleeding risk, or take blood thinners.

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha)
Part used
Fatty fish oils, algae
Common forms
Softgels, capsules, liquid oil, algae-based (vegetarian) capsules, prenatal vitamins
People commonly use it for
  • Brain and cognitive health
  • Eye and vision health
  • Fetal and infant development
  • Heart and triglyceride support
  • General omega-3 supplementation

Popular and traditional uses — not proof it works. See “Uses & effectiveness” below for the evidence.

Safety at a glance
OverallLikely safe

DHA is generally well tolerated at typical supplement doses for most adults.

PregnancyLikely Safe

When used orally and appropriately. An intake of DHA 650 mg daily from food and/or supplements during pregnancy seems to be required to prevent a redu...

Read the full pregnancy detail
BreastfeedingLikely Safe

When used orally and appropriately. An intake of DHA 650 mg daily from food and/or supplements during pregnancy seems to be required to prevent a redu...

Read the full breastfeeding detail

Pregnancy & breastfeeding ratings are from Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center). Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.

Jump to a section

Overview

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid. It is one of the main building blocks of cell membranes in the brain, nervous system, and the retina of the eye. Your body can make only small amounts on its own, so most DHA comes from food or supplements.

DHA is found in high amounts in fatty fish such as salmon, mackerel, sardines, and herring. Fish get their DHA from microscopic algae, which is also why algae-based supplements are a popular plant-derived (vegetarian) option. In supplements, DHA is often combined with EPA, another omega-3 fatty acid.

People take DHA for brain and eye health, during pregnancy for fetal development, and as part of general omega-3 supplementation. It is consistently one of the most commonly used dietary supplements.

How it works

DHA is a structural fat that makes up a large part of cell membranes, especially in the brain and the retina. By being built into these membranes, it may help nerve cells signal properly and support healthy vision.

DHA also serves as a starting material for signaling molecules (sometimes called resolvins and protectins) that the body uses to help calm inflammation. It may also lower the amount of triglycerides the liver makes and releases.

Many of these mechanisms come from laboratory and animal research. While the biology is well described, this does not automatically mean supplements will produce a noticeable health benefit in every person.

Effectiveness

Does Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) work?

Here’s what the research actually shows for each use — graded by Natural Medicines and reviewed by .

Evidence overview · 65 uses evaluated
2 Possibly effective 8 Leans ineffective 55 Insufficient evidence
How to read these evidence grades

Natural Medicines’ 7-point scale. We show each rating’s label word-for-word.

1EffectiveStrong, consistent evidence it works.
2Likely EffectiveGood evidence, though not yet conclusive.
3Possibly EffectiveSome evidence suggests a benefit.
4Possibly IneffectiveSome evidence it may not help.
5Likely IneffectiveFairly strong evidence it doesn’t help.
6IneffectiveStrong evidence it doesn’t work.
7Insufficient Reliable Evidence to RateToo little research to say either way.
Possibly Effective Hyperlipidemia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Most research shows that taking oral DHA alone or with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) seems to modestly reduce triglyceride levels. However, DHA does not decrease total cholesterol and may increase levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.

Possibly Effective Preterm labor
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Most research shows that oral DHA seems to prevent preterm labor in those with low DHA status at baseline.

Possibly Ineffective Age-related cognitive decline
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Most research shows that taking oral DHA alone or with other ingredients does not slow or improve cognitive decline associated with age.

Possibly Ineffective Alzheimer disease
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Taking oral DHA does not seem to slow Alzheimer disease progression.

Possibly Ineffective Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Most research shows that taking oral DHA does not improve ADHD symptoms.

Possibly Ineffective Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Most research shows that oral DHA does not prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Some research suggests that it might increase the risk of BPD in infants born before 29 weeks gestation.

Possibly Ineffective Cognitive function
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Most research shows that oral DHA does not improve cognitive function in healthy adults.

Possibly Ineffective Cystic fibrosis
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Most research shows that oral DHA does not improve symptoms of cystic fibrosis.

Possibly Ineffective Depression
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Most research shows that oral DHA does not improve depression, regardless of the type.

Possibly Ineffective Macrosomia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Taking oral DHA during pregnancy does not seem to prevent fetal macrosomia.

Also studied for 55 conditions — evidence insufficient to rate
Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Oral DHA has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using oral DHA for allergic rhinitis, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of DHA for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if adding DHA to infant formula prevents atopic dermatitis.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Atopic disease
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA during pregnancy prevents atopic disease in the infant.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Atrial fibrillation
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Oral DHA has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Autism spectrum disorder
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for autism.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Behcet disease
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using oral DHA for Behcet disease, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of DHA for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Bipolar disorder
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for bipolar disorder in adults.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Breast cancer
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for breast cancer treatment or prevention.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Cancer
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Taking oral DHA with oral eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) does not seem to decrease the risk of cancer in patients with cardiovascular disease and may actually INCREASE the risk of cancer in females. The effect of DHA alone is unclear.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Child development
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for child development. However, due to the lack of significant safety concerns and the possibility of some cognitive benefit, many experts recommend DHA 200 mg daily during pregnancy.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Cognitive impairment
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for cognitive impairment in older adults.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Coronary heart disease (CHD)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for CHD.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Crohn disease
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for Crohn disease prevention.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Developmental coordination disorder (DCD)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Oral DHA has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Diabetes
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for glycemic control or the prevention of type 1 or gestational diabetes.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Diabetic retinopathy
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Oral DHA has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Diarrhea
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if infant formula containing DHA is beneficial for diarrhea prevention.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Dyslexia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for improving night vision in children with this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Dysmenorrhea
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using oral DHA for dysmenorrhea, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of DHA for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Fractures
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Oral DHA has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Glaucoma
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Oral DHA has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Hypertension
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for reducing blood pressure in adults or if prenatal supplementation reduces blood pressure in children.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate IgA nephropathy
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using oral DHA for IgA nephropathy, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of DHA for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Infant development
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Infant supplementation with DHA does not seem to improve development. Also, most evidence shows that maternal supplementation with DHA is not beneficial for infant cognitive development. However, due to the lack of significant safety concerns and the possibility of some cognitive benefit, many experts recommend DHA 200 mg daily during pregnancy.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Intraventricular hemorrhage
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for preventing intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Keratoconus
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for improving vision in people with keratoconus.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Lower respiratory tract infections
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if formula containing DHA is beneficial for preventing lower respiratory tract infections in infants.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Male infertility
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for improving fertility.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Metabolic syndrome
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using oral DHA for metabolic syndrome, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of DHA for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Migraine headache
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using oral DHA for migraine headache, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of DHA for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Muscle strength
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for increasing muscle strength.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for preventing NEC in preterm infants.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for NAFLD.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Obesity
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for improving weight loss in overweight or obese adults.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Otitis media
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if DHA in infant formula is beneficial for preventing otitis media in infants.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for PKU.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Physical performance
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for increasing physical performance in older adults.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Postoperative pain
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for reducing postoperative analgesic use.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Prematurity
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA during lactation or in early infancy is beneficial for increasing growth or neurodevelopment of the premature infant.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Prostate cancer
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for prostate cancer prevention.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Psoriasis
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using oral DHA for psoriasis, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of DHA for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Raynaud syndrome
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using oral DHA for Raynaud syndrome, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of DHA for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Restenosis
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for preventing restenosis in people with stents.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Retinitis pigmentosa
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Evidence for the use of oral DHA for retinitis pigmentosa is inconsistent and contradictory.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Retinopathy of prematurity
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if maternal or infant supplementation with oral DHA is beneficial for preventing retinopathy of prematurity.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using oral DHA for RA, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of DHA for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Schizophrenia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Oral DHA has only been evaluated in combination with other ingredients; its effect when used alone is unclear.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Sepsis
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for preventing sepsis in premature infants.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Sickle cell disease
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for treating sickle cell disease.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA)
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for SCA.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Stroke
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if oral DHA is beneficial for stroke prevention.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using oral DHA for SLE nephritis, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of DHA for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Ulcerative colitis
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

Although there has been interest in using oral DHA for ulcerative colitis, there is insufficient reliable information about the clinical effects of DHA for this condition.

Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate Vascular dementia
Rating & evidence shown verbatim from Natural Medicines

It is unclear if DHA is beneficial for improving dementia severity.

Source & disclaimer. Effectiveness ratings and evidence summaries are provided by Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) and shown as licensed. Where Natural Medicines hasn’t rated a use, HelloPharmacist’s pharmacists may add their own reviewed rating and evidence (each such entry is labeled). This is educational information, not medical advice — talk with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing a supplement.

Safety & precautions

DHA from fish oil or algae is generally considered safe for most adults when taken at typical supplement doses. Because omega-3s can mildly thin the blood, people with bleeding disorders, those taking blood thinners, or anyone scheduled for surgery should talk with their doctor first.

Choose products that have been purified and tested for contaminants such as mercury, since these can build up in fish. Algae-based DHA is a good option for people who avoid fish or want to limit contaminant exposure.

Pregnancy: DHA is often recommended as part of prenatal care, but you should use it only under your doctor's guidance and select a clean, low-mercury source. Avoid eating high-mercury fish.

Breastfeeding: DHA passes into breast milk and is generally considered acceptable, but confirm the right product and dose with your doctor or pharmacist.

Side effects

DHA and other omega-3s are usually well tolerated. The most common side effects are mild and related to digestion.

  • Fishy aftertaste or fishy-smelling burps
  • Bad breath
  • Nausea, heartburn, or stomach upset
  • Loose stools or diarrhea

Taking it with meals, splitting the dose, or using enteric-coated or algae-based products may reduce these effects. At higher doses, omega-3s may slightly increase the risk of bleeding or bruising. Stop and seek medical care if you have signs of an allergic reaction such as rash, swelling, or trouble breathing.

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha): Reported Adverse Effects

Documented safety reports on Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database, shown word-for-word from the licensed record.

Orally, DHA is generally well-tolerated when used in doses up to 3 grams daily. Intravenously, DHA seems to be well tolerated.

Most Common Adverse Effects:

Orally: Belching, fishy aftertaste, loose stools, and nausea.

Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):

Orally: Some case reports raise concerns about increased risk of bleeding with high doses of fish oil containing DHA.

Reports by condition
Acne Dermatologic

Orally, DHA has been associated with one report of rash and one report of warmth on hands in one clinical study. In another clinical study, two patients taking DHA 400 mg daily reported acne. In another clinical study, one parent of a pediatric patient treated with DHA 600 mg daily reported increased hair loss beginning 6 weeks after completion of supplementation. It is unclear if this adverse effect is specifically related to DHA intake.

  1. Mischoulon D, Best-Popescu C, Laposata M, et al. A double-blind dose-finding pilot study of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for major depressive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008;18(9):639-645.
  2. Wheaton DH, Hoffman DR, Locke KG, et al. Biological safety assessment of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in a randomized clinical trial for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1269-78.
  3. Richardson AJ, Burton JR, Sewell RP, Spreckelsen TF, Montgomery P. Docosahexaenoic acid for reading, cognition and behavior in children aged 7-9 years: a randomized, controlled trial (the DOLAB Study). PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e43909.
Anorexia Gastrointestinal

Orally, DHA may cause gastrointestinal upset, fishy aftertaste, belching, flatulence, heartburn, loose stools, anorexia, and dry mouth. There is also some evidence that increased serum levels of DHA might be associated with an increased risk for atrophic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, but further research is needed to clarify this finding.

For fish oils containing EPA and DHA, side effects can include fishy taste, belching, nausea, and loose stools. Three people with pre-existing familial adenomatous polyposis were diagnosed with malignant lesions during the course of long-term fish oil use.

  1. Marangell LB, Martinez JM, Zboyan HA, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the treatment of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:996-8..
  2. Wheaton DH, Hoffman DR, Locke KG, et al. Biological safety assessment of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in a randomized clinical trial for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1269-78.
  3. Mischoulon D, Best-Popescu C, Laposata M, et al. A double-blind dose-finding pilot study of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for major depressive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008;18(9):639-645.
  4. Garmendia ML, Casanello P, Flores M, Kusanovic JP, Uauy R. The effects of a combined intervention (docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and home-based dietary counseling) on metabolic control in obese and overweight pregnant women: the MIGHT study. Am J O
  5. Ito Y, Suzuki K, Imai H, et al. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on atrophic gastritis in a Japanese population. Cancer Lett 2001;163:171-8.
  6. Grimsgaard S, Bonaa KH, Hansen JB, Nordoy A. Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in humans have similar triacylglycerol-lowering effects but divergent effects on serum fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:649-59.
  7. FDA. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Letter regarding dietary supplement health claim for omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/95s0316/95s-0316-Rpt0272-38-Appendix-D-Reference
  8. Pedersen HS, Mulvad G, Seidelin KN, et al. N-3 fatty acids as a risk factor for haemorrhagic stroke. Lancet 1999;353:812-3.
  9. Kris-Ehterton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ, et al. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2002;106:2747-57.
  10. Akedo I, Ishikawa H, Nakamura T, et al. Three cases with familial adenomatous polyposis diagnosed as having malignant lesions in the course of a long-term trial using docosahexanoic acid (DHA)-concentrated fish oil capsules (abstract). Jpn J Clin Oncol
Anxiety Neurologic/CNS

Orally, DHA may cause dizziness, headache, insomnia, fatigue, and anxiety. In one clinical study, one parent of a pediatric patient treated with DHA 600 mg daily reported increased disruptive behavior in the child.

  1. Marangell LB, Martinez JM, Zboyan HA, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the treatment of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:996-8..
  2. Wheaton DH, Hoffman DR, Locke KG, et al. Biological safety assessment of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in a randomized clinical trial for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1269-78.
  3. Mischoulon D, Best-Popescu C, Laposata M, et al. A double-blind dose-finding pilot study of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for major depressive disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008;18(9):639-645.
  4. Richardson AJ, Burton JR, Sewell RP, Spreckelsen TF, Montgomery P. Docosahexaenoic acid for reading, cognition and behavior in children aged 7-9 years: a randomized, controlled trial (the DOLAB Study). PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e43909.
Asthma Pulmonary/Respiratory

Orally, worsened asthma symptoms were reported by one parent of one patient with asthma taking DHA 600 mg daily.

  1. Richardson AJ, Burton JR, Sewell RP, Spreckelsen TF, Montgomery P. Docosahexaenoic acid for reading, cognition and behavior in children aged 7-9 years: a randomized, controlled trial (the DOLAB Study). PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e43909.
Cancer Oncologic

Orally, DHA may increase the risk of prostate cancer, but additional research is needed to clarify this finding. A meta-analysis of data from observational studies found that higher dietary intake of DHA is associated with a non-linear increased risk of prostate cancer. It is unclear if supplemental DHA intake is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer.

  1. Fu YQ, Zheng JS, Yang B, Li D. Effect of individual omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of prostate cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Epidemiol. 2015;25(4):261-74.
Myasthenia gravis Hematologic

Orally, DHA might cause nose bleeds, but this is uncommon. Onset of severe nose bleeds has been reported in one clinical study in one child who took DHA 600 mg daily. Although most clinical research shows that DHA does not affect blood clotting when taken alone, there is some concern that taking high doses of oils providing DHA along with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) might decrease blood coagulation and increase the risk of bleeding. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends that consumers limit intake of EPA plus DHA to 3 grams daily, with no more than 2 grams daily from a dietary supplement.

  1. Montgomery P, Spreckelsen TF, Burton A, Burton JR, Richardson AJ. Docosahexaenoic acid for reading, working memory and behavior in UK children aged 7-9: A randomized controlled trial for replication (the DOLAB II study). PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0192909.
  2. Leng GC, Smith FB, Fowkes FG, et al. Relationship between plasma essential fatty acids and smoking, serum lipids, blood pressure and haemostatic and rheological factors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;51:101-8.
  3. Nelson GJ, Schmidt PS, Bartolini GL, et al. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans. Lipids 1997;32:1129-36.
  4. Woodman, R. J., Mori, T. A., Burke, V., Puddey, I. B., Barden, A., Watts, G. F., and Beilin, L. J. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on platelet, fibrinolytic and vascular function in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients
  5. FDA. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Letter regarding dietary supplement health claim for omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/95s0316/95s-0316-Rpt0272-38-Appendix-D-Reference
  6. FDA announces qualified health claims for omega-3 fatty acids. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/Food/LabelingNutrition/ucm072756.htm. Accessed April 15 2019.
Myasthenia gravis Ocular/Otic

Orally, DHA may cause watery eyes but results are inconsistent. In one clinical study, five of 167 infants fed formula containing 0.32% or 0.64% DHA experienced watery eyes. However, none of the infants fed formula containing 0.96% DHA experienced watery eyes. In one clinical study, one patient taking DHA 400 mg daily experienced an ear infection. It is unclear if this event was related to DHA supplementation.

  1. Birch EE, Carlson SE, Hoffman DR, et al. The DIAMOND (DHA Intake And Measurement Of Neural Development) Study: a double-masked, randomized controlled clinical trial of the maturation of infant visual acuity as a function of the dietary level of docosahexa
DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

Adverse-effects data: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

Dosing

There is no single standard dose of DHA that fits everyone, and the right amount depends on your reason for using it. DHA is often combined with EPA, and product labels may list the total omega-3 amount along with separate DHA and EPA amounts.

The best approach is to follow the dose on the product label and check with your pharmacist or doctor, especially during pregnancy or if you have a health condition. Do not assume that taking more is better, since higher doses raise the chance of side effects and bleeding.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) & Pregnancy

Likely Safe

When used orally and appropriately. An intake of DHA 650 mg daily from food and/or supplements during pregnancy seems to be required to prevent a reduction in DHA status before delivery. DHA is commonly used during pregnancy and lactation and is a component of some prenatal supplements. DHA is a normal component of breast milk, with higher levels in breast milk following term vs. preterm pregnancies. When taken as a prenatal supplement, DHA increases DHA levels in breast milk. Doses of DHA ranging from 300-600 mg daily beginning during the first trimester of pregnancy have been used safely in clinical research. When taken during lactation, DHA increases DHA levels in breast milk. When initiated within 72 hours of delivery of a very preterm infant, taking DHA 1.2 grams daily increases DHA levels in breast milk within 14 days. One study found that DHA supplementation during lactation increased the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in breast-feeding infants born less than 29 weeks gestational age; however, it is unclear if this was due to DHA or various confounding factors. The tolerable upper intake level of DHA during pregnancy or lactation has not been established; most experts recommend DHA 200-300 mg daily. While it is typically advised that this need is met by consuming 8-12 ounces of seafood weekly during pregnancy and 4-8 ounces weekly during lactation, those with nutrient deficiency or those following a vegan diet may meet this need with supplementation.

  1. Christifano DN, Gustafson KM, Carlson SE, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid exposure needed to achieve maternal-newborn EQ. Nutrients 2022;14(16):3300.
  2. Malcolm CA, McCulloch DL, Montgomery C, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy and visual evoked potential development in term infants: a double blind, prospective, randomised trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003;88:
  3. Sanjurjo P, Ruiz-Sanz JI, Jimeno P, et al. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid in the last trimester of pregnancy: maternal-fetal biochemical findings. J Perinat Med 2004;32:132-6.
  4. Montgomery C, Speake BK, Cameron A, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and fetal accretion. Br J Nutr 2003;90:135-45.
  5. Hawkes JS, Bryan DL, Makrides M, et al. A randomized trial of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid-rich tuna oil and its effects on the human milk cytokines interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:75
  6. Uauy R, Hoffman DR, Mena P, et al. Term infant studies of DHA and ARA supplementation on neurodevelopment: Results of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2003;143:S17-25.
  7. Lauritzen L, Hoppe C, Straarup EM, Michaelsen KF. Maternal fish oil supplementation in lactation and growth during the first 2.5 years of life. Pediatr Res 2005;58:235-42.
  8. Decsi, T., Campoy, C., and Koletzko, B. Effect of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy: the Nuheal trial. Adv.Exp Med Biol 2005;569:109-113.
  9. Otto, S. J., van Houwelingen, A. C., and Hornstra, G. The effect of supplementation with docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid derived from single cell oils on plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids of pregnant women in the second trimester. Prostaglandins Le
  10. Helland, I. B., Saugstad, O. D., Smith, L., Saarem, K., Solvoll, K., Ganes, T., and Drevon, C. A. Similar effects on infants of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids supplementation to pregnant and lactating women. Pediatrics 2001;108(5):E82.
  11. Jensen, C. L., Voigt, R. G., Prager, T. C., Zou, Y. L., Fraley, J. K., Rozelle, J. C., Turcich, M. R., Llorente, A. M., Anderson, R. E., and Heird, W. C. Effects of maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake on visual function and neurodevelopment in breastfed
  12. Carlson SE, Colombo J, Gajewski BJ, Gustafson KM, Mundy D, Yeast J, Georgieff MK, Markley LA, Kerling EH, Shaddy DJ. DHA supplementation and pregnancy outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;97(4):808-15.
  13. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation 2012;25(4);3-4
  14. Vizzari G, Morniroli D, Alessandretti F, et al. Comparative analysis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in mother's milk of term and preterm mothers. Nutrients 2022;14(21):4595.
  15. Imhoff-Kunsch B, Stein AD, Villalpando S, Martorell R, Ramakrishnan U. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation from mid-pregnancy to parturition influenced breast milk fatty acid concentrations at 1 month postpartum in Mexican women. J Nutr. 2011 Feb;141(2):
  16. Escamilla-Nuñez MC, Barraza-Villarreal A, Hernández-Cadena L, Navarro-Olivos E, Sly PD, Romieu I. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and respiratory symptoms in children. Chest. 2014 Aug;146(2):373-82.
  17. Judge MP, Cong X, Harel O, Courville AB, Lammi-Keefe CJ. Maternal consumption of a DHA-containing functional food benefits infant sleep patterning: an early neurodevelopmental measure. Early Hum Dev. 2012 Jul;88(7):531-7.
  18. Mulder KA, King DJ, Innis SM. Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency in infants before birth identified using a randomized trial of maternal DHA supplementation in pregnancy. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 10;9(1):e83764.
  19. Fougère H, Bilodeau JF, Lavoie PM, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid-rich algae oil supplementation on breast milk fatty acid profile of mothers who delivered prematurely: a randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep 2021;11(1):21492.
  20. Yang Y, Li G, Li F, et al. Impact of DHA from algal oil on the breast milk DHA levels of lactating women: A randomized controlled trial in China. Nutrients 2022;14(16):3410.
  21. Marc I, Piedboeuf B, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, et al. Effect of maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on bronchopulmonary dysplasia-free survival in breastfed preterm infants: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;324(2):157-167.
  22. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Section on Breastfeeding. Pediatrics. 2012;129(3):e827-41.
  23. Zhang Z, Fulgoni VL, Kris-Etherton PM, Mitmesser SH. Dietary Intakes of EPA and DHA Omega-3 Fatty Acids among US Childbearing-Age and Pregnant Women: An Analysis of NHANES 2001-2014. Nutrients. 2018;10(4).

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) & Breastfeeding

Likely Safe

When used orally and appropriately. An intake of DHA 650 mg daily from food and/or supplements during pregnancy seems to be required to prevent a reduction in DHA status before delivery. DHA is commonly used during pregnancy and lactation and is a component of some prenatal supplements. DHA is a normal component of breast milk, with higher levels in breast milk following term vs. preterm pregnancies. When taken as a prenatal supplement, DHA increases DHA levels in breast milk. Doses of DHA ranging from 300-600 mg daily beginning during the first trimester of pregnancy have been used safely in clinical research. When taken during lactation, DHA increases DHA levels in breast milk. When initiated within 72 hours of delivery of a very preterm infant, taking DHA 1.2 grams daily increases DHA levels in breast milk within 14 days. One study found that DHA supplementation during lactation increased the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in breast-feeding infants born less than 29 weeks gestational age; however, it is unclear if this was due to DHA or various confounding factors. The tolerable upper intake level of DHA during pregnancy or lactation has not been established; most experts recommend DHA 200-300 mg daily. While it is typically advised that this need is met by consuming 8-12 ounces of seafood weekly during pregnancy and 4-8 ounces weekly during lactation, those with nutrient deficiency or those following a vegan diet may meet this need with supplementation.

  1. Christifano DN, Gustafson KM, Carlson SE, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid exposure needed to achieve maternal-newborn EQ. Nutrients 2022;14(16):3300.
  2. Malcolm CA, McCulloch DL, Montgomery C, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy and visual evoked potential development in term infants: a double blind, prospective, randomised trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2003;88:
  3. Sanjurjo P, Ruiz-Sanz JI, Jimeno P, et al. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid in the last trimester of pregnancy: maternal-fetal biochemical findings. J Perinat Med 2004;32:132-6.
  4. Montgomery C, Speake BK, Cameron A, et al. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and fetal accretion. Br J Nutr 2003;90:135-45.
  5. Hawkes JS, Bryan DL, Makrides M, et al. A randomized trial of supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid-rich tuna oil and its effects on the human milk cytokines interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;75:75
  6. Uauy R, Hoffman DR, Mena P, et al. Term infant studies of DHA and ARA supplementation on neurodevelopment: Results of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2003;143:S17-25.
  7. Lauritzen L, Hoppe C, Straarup EM, Michaelsen KF. Maternal fish oil supplementation in lactation and growth during the first 2.5 years of life. Pediatr Res 2005;58:235-42.
  8. Decsi, T., Campoy, C., and Koletzko, B. Effect of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in pregnancy: the Nuheal trial. Adv.Exp Med Biol 2005;569:109-113.
  9. Otto, S. J., van Houwelingen, A. C., and Hornstra, G. The effect of supplementation with docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid derived from single cell oils on plasma and erythrocyte fatty acids of pregnant women in the second trimester. Prostaglandins Le
  10. Helland, I. B., Saugstad, O. D., Smith, L., Saarem, K., Solvoll, K., Ganes, T., and Drevon, C. A. Similar effects on infants of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids supplementation to pregnant and lactating women. Pediatrics 2001;108(5):E82.
  11. Jensen, C. L., Voigt, R. G., Prager, T. C., Zou, Y. L., Fraley, J. K., Rozelle, J. C., Turcich, M. R., Llorente, A. M., Anderson, R. E., and Heird, W. C. Effects of maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake on visual function and neurodevelopment in breastfed
  12. Carlson SE, Colombo J, Gajewski BJ, Gustafson KM, Mundy D, Yeast J, Georgieff MK, Markley LA, Kerling EH, Shaddy DJ. DHA supplementation and pregnancy outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013 Apr;97(4):808-15.
  13. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation 2012;25(4);3-4
  14. Vizzari G, Morniroli D, Alessandretti F, et al. Comparative analysis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in mother's milk of term and preterm mothers. Nutrients 2022;14(21):4595.
  15. Imhoff-Kunsch B, Stein AD, Villalpando S, Martorell R, Ramakrishnan U. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation from mid-pregnancy to parturition influenced breast milk fatty acid concentrations at 1 month postpartum in Mexican women. J Nutr. 2011 Feb;141(2):
  16. Escamilla-Nuñez MC, Barraza-Villarreal A, Hernández-Cadena L, Navarro-Olivos E, Sly PD, Romieu I. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and respiratory symptoms in children. Chest. 2014 Aug;146(2):373-82.
  17. Judge MP, Cong X, Harel O, Courville AB, Lammi-Keefe CJ. Maternal consumption of a DHA-containing functional food benefits infant sleep patterning: an early neurodevelopmental measure. Early Hum Dev. 2012 Jul;88(7):531-7.
  18. Mulder KA, King DJ, Innis SM. Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency in infants before birth identified using a randomized trial of maternal DHA supplementation in pregnancy. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 10;9(1):e83764.
  19. Fougère H, Bilodeau JF, Lavoie PM, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid-rich algae oil supplementation on breast milk fatty acid profile of mothers who delivered prematurely: a randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep 2021;11(1):21492.
  20. Yang Y, Li G, Li F, et al. Impact of DHA from algal oil on the breast milk DHA levels of lactating women: A randomized controlled trial in China. Nutrients 2022;14(16):3410.
  21. Marc I, Piedboeuf B, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, et al. Effect of maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation on bronchopulmonary dysplasia-free survival in breastfed preterm infants: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;324(2):157-167.
  22. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Section on Breastfeeding. Pediatrics. 2012;129(3):e827-41.
  23. Zhang Z, Fulgoni VL, Kris-Etherton PM, Mitmesser SH. Dietary Intakes of EPA and DHA Omega-3 Fatty Acids among US Childbearing-Age and Pregnant Women: An Analysis of NHANES 2001-2014. Nutrients. 2018;10(4).
DISCLAIMER: This tool is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Patients should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.

© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center

Pregnancy & lactation ratings: Natural Medicines, Therapeutic Research Center

References & further reading

The 49 references that drive our Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

  1. Akedo I, Ishikawa H, Nakamura T, et al. Three cases with familial adenomatous polyposis diagnosed as having malignant lesions in the course of a long-term trial using docosahexanoic acid (DHA)-concentrated fish oil capsules (abstract). Jpn J Clin Oncol PubMed
  2. Prisco D, Paniccia R, Bandinelli B, et al. Effect of medium-term supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients. Thromb Res 1998;1:105-12.
  3. Grimsgaard S, Bonaa KH, Hansen JB, Nordoy A. Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in humans have similar triacylglycerol-lowering effects but divergent effects on serum fatty acids. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:649-59.
  4. Toft I, Bonaa KH, Ingebretsen OC, et al. Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on glucose homeostasis and blood pressure in essential hypertension. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:911-8.
  5. Sacks FM, Hebert P, Appel LJ, et al. Short report: the effect of fish oil on blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in phase I of the trials of hypertension prevention. J Hypertens 1994;12:209-13.
  6. Vandongen R, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects on blood pressure of omega 3 fats in subjects at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 1993;22:371-9. PubMed
  7. FDA. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Letter regarding dietary supplement health claim for omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dockets/95s0316/95s-0316-Rpt0272-38-Appendix-D-Reference
  8. Pedersen HS, Mulvad G, Seidelin KN, et al. N-3 fatty acids as a risk factor for haemorrhagic stroke. Lancet 1999;353:812-3. PubMed
  9. Ito Y, Suzuki K, Imai H, et al. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on atrophic gastritis in a Japanese population. Cancer Lett 2001;163:171-8. PubMed
  10. Kris-Ehterton PM, Harris WS, Appel LJ, et al. Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2002;106:2747-57. PubMed
  11. Woodman RJ, Mori TA, Burke V, et al. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on glycemic control, blood pressure, and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with treated hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:1007-15.. PubMed
  12. Marangell LB, Martinez JM, Zboyan HA, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the treatment of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:996-8.. PubMed
  13. Leng GC, Smith FB, Fowkes FG, et al. Relationship between plasma essential fatty acids and smoking, serum lipids, blood pressure and haemostatic and rheological factors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1994;51:101-8. PubMed
  14. Nelson GJ, Schmidt PS, Bartolini GL, et al. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on platelet function, platelet fatty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans. Lipids 1997;32:1129-36. PubMed
  15. Wheaton DH, Hoffman DR, Locke KG, et al. Biological safety assessment of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in a randomized clinical trial for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:1269-78. PubMed
Keep reading

This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha): Common Questions

What is Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) used for, and does it work?
People use Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) for many reasons, but the evidence varies by use. According to the Natural Medicines database, there is at least some clinical evidence supporting Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) for Hyperlipidemia and Preterm labor. For most other uses it has been studied for, the evidence is currently insufficient to rate. See the graded list on this page, and always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor.
Does Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) interact with prescription medications?
Yes. We list 375 medications with a known interaction with Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha). Use the checker above to see how Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) interacts with a specific drug.
How are Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) interactions rated?
Each interaction is graded major, moderate, or minor based on how clinically significant it is and the strength of the evidence behind it. Major interactions are the most serious and are best avoided, or used only under close professional supervision.
Is it safe to take Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) with my medications?
It depends on the specific medication. Some combinations are fine, while others call for monitoring, timing changes, or should be avoided. Check your exact drug above and confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or changing anything.
Where does this Docosahexaenoic Acid (dha) interaction information come from?
Our interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database — an evidence-graded reference for vitamins, herbs, and supplements — and is reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists, who may add clinical context.
What is DHA used for?
People use DHA to support brain, eye, and nervous system health, during pregnancy for fetal development, and to help lower high triglycerides. Evidence is strongest for fetal/infant development and triglyceride lowering, and mixed for many other uses.
What is the difference between DHA and EPA?
Both are omega-3 fatty acids commonly found together in fish oil. DHA is especially concentrated in the brain and eyes, while EPA is more associated with reducing inflammation; many supplements contain both.
Can I get DHA without eating fish?
Yes. DHA originally comes from algae, and algae-based supplements provide a vegetarian and vegan source. Eating fatty fish is another way to get it.
Is DHA safe to take during pregnancy?
DHA is often recommended as part of prenatal care for the baby's brain and eye development, but you should use it under your doctor's guidance and choose a purified, low-mercury product.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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