Digestxym+ Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by U.S. Enzymes
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Digestxym+ against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Digestxym+ is a dietary supplement by U.S. Enzymes with 26 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestive support for protein digestion, wound cleaning (debridement of dead tissue), sore throat and inflammation.Based on those ingredients, 538 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Ginseng Root Extract, Astragalus Root Extract, Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Digestxym+ by U.S. Enzymes
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Digestxym+ by U.S. Enzymes — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Digestxym+ by U.S. Enzymes
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Digestxym+ contains 26 active ingredients, most of them digestive enzymes that help break down different components of food. Amylase, Glucoamylase, and Malt Diastase break down carbohydrates and starches.
Proteases (including three separate protease ingredients), Papain, and Bromelain break down proteins. Lipase enzymes handle fats.
Lactase breaks down milk sugar. Cellulase, Hemicellulase, Xylanase, Pectinase, and Beta-Glucanase break down plant fiber.
Alpha-Galactosidase and Invertase handle complex sugars. Catalase and Phytase play supporting roles in digestion.
The blend also includes Astragalus Root Extract and Ginseng Root Extract as botanical additions. The product has three inactive ingredients: rice extract, cellulose, and water.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
The evidence for most ingredients in this product isn't well established in the data we hold. Lactase is rated Effective for lactose intolerance — if you have trouble digesting milk, it works.
The rest of the enzymes and botanicals — including papain, bromelain, proteases, lipase, phytase, and astragalus — are all rated Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate for their marketed purposes, meaning there isn't enough solid research yet to say whether they deliver what the label suggests.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Most ingredients in Digestxym+ are generally well tolerated at normal doses. Papain may irritate the digestive tract or trigger allergic reactions in sensitive people, and concentrated papain is best avoided in pregnancy.
Bromelain can cause diarrhea, gas, stomach upset, or headache, and isn't recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. The proteases (Protease, Protease I, II, and III) are generally well tolerated but may cause digestive upset or allergic reactions, and safety in pregnancy hasn't been established.
Lactase is likely safe in pregnancy but ask your doctor first. Phytase is considered low-risk in foods but human supplement data are limited, and safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding isn't well studied.
Astragalus is generally well tolerated short-term but should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Lipase is generally well tolerated in supplement form in adults, though safety data in pregnancy and breastfeeding are limited.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking Digestxym+, double-check with your pharmacist if you take warfarin or other blood thinners — papain may increase their effects. Also check if you're on blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs like aspirin (bromelain may raise bleeding risk), diabetes medications, lithium, immunosuppressants, cyclophosphamide, or tetracycline antibiotics.
No interactions are documented in our data for several ingredients in this product, so your pharmacist can run your full medication list through the checker on this page.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Digestxym+ is a broad-spectrum digestive enzyme blend best suited for people looking to support general digestion. If you take warfarin, other blood thinners, diabetes drugs, lithium, immunosuppressants, or tetracycline antibiotics, check with your pharmacist before starting.
Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a serious digestive condition.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 13 of 26 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 24, 2025.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Digestxym+, straight from the product label.
| Brand | U.S. Enzymes |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 819242002617 |
| Net contents | 93 Vegetable Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jul 24, 2025 |
| DSLD ID | 336279 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Digestxym+ by U.S. Enzymes, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Amylase | 0 NP | -- |
| Papain | 0 NP | -- |
| Bromelain | 0 NP | -- |
| Protease | 0 NP | -- |
| Lactase | 0 NP | -- |
| Cellulase | 0 NP | -- |
| Peptidase | 0 NP | -- |
| Invertase | 0 NP | -- |
| Glucoamylase | 0 NP | -- |
| Xylanase | 0 NP | -- |
| Pectinase | 0 NP | -- |
| Catalase | 0 NP | -- |
| Beta-Glucanase | 0 NP | -- |
| Phytase | 0 NP | -- |
| Hemicellulase | 0 NP | -- |
| Protease I | 0 NP | -- |
| Protease II | 0 NP | -- |
| Enzyme Blend | 353.18 mg | -- |
| Alpha-Galactosidase | 0 NP | -- |
| Astragalus Root Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Protease III | 0 NP | -- |
| Malt Diastase | 0 NP | -- |
| Lipase I | 0 NP | -- |
| Lipase II | 0 NP | -- |
| Ginseng Root Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Peptidase S | 0 NP | -- |
| AstraZyme Proprietary Blend | 165 mg | -- |
| Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Rice extract, Cellulose, Water
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Precautions
Available only through healthcare practitioners
Formula
Digestxym is a blend of 23 pure, full-spectrum, plant-based digestive enzymes in potent concentrations, combined with AstraZyme's powerful co-factors for optimal bio-activity.
Digestive enzyme blend Contains AstraZyme
Formulation
Digestxym supports the digestion and assimilation of food.
Informed Sport We Test - You Trust Banned substance tested every batch
Supports proper and complete digestion. Helps with occasional gas and bloating
This product is non-GMO, non-dairy, non-soy and contains no fillers or preservatives.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: Take one (1) capsule with a glass of water at the beginning of each meal.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Brand IP Statement(s)
AstraZyme is a registered trademark of ERCC, Inc.
Seals/Symbols
Informed Sport We Test - You Trust Banned substance tested every batch
FDA Statement of Identity
Digestive Enzyme Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Digestxym+ by U.S. Enzymes label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Digestxym+ by U.S. Enzymes
These are the 26 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container93 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Enzyme Blend
- › Amylase
- › Papain
- › Bromelain
- › Protease
- › Lactase
- › Cellulase
- › Peptidase
- › Invertase
- › Glucoamylase
- › Xylanase
- › Pectinase
- › Catalase
- › Beta-Glucanase
- › Phytase
- › Hemicellulase
- › Protease I
- › Protease II
- › Alpha-Galactosidase
- › Protease III
- › Malt Diastase
- › Lipase I
- › Lipase II
- › Peptidase S
AstraZyme Proprietary Blend
Other (inactive) ingredients: Rice extract, Cellulose, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Digestxym+ by U.S. Enzymes Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Digestxym+ by U.S.
Enzymes is a 26-ingredient digestive enzyme blend with documented interactions affecting several common medication types. The most serious concern is papain, which may increase the effects and side effects of warfarin (a blood thinner), a Moderate-severity interaction confirmed in one case where a patient's blood-thinning level rose significantly after taking a papain-containing supplement.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Bromelain may increase bleeding risk if taken with blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (such as aspirin or clopidogrel) — a Moderate interaction — though reported cases are rare. Bromelain also has a Minor interaction with tetracycline antibiotics, where it might theoretically increase their absorption, though a study in healthy adults found no meaningful difference.
Astragalus Root Extract carries Moderate interactions with immunosuppressants (by potentially stimulating immunity when you need it suppressed), lithium (by possibly raising levels), cyclophosphamide (a chemotherapy drug, with conflicting evidence), and diabetes medications (by potentially lowering blood sugar too far).
Several ingredients in this product we could not check for interactions: Amylase, Cellulase, Peptidase, Invertase, Glucoamylase, Xylanase, Pectinase, Catalase, Beta-Glucanase, Hemicellulase, Alpha-Galactosidase, Malt Diastase, and Ginseng Root Extract. Altogether, these interactions span 523 individual medications.
If you take any prescription medications — especially blood thinners, diabetes drugs, lithium, immunosuppressants, or tetracycline antibiotics — use the medication checker on this page before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Digestxym+?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Digestxym+ interact with 538 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
5 of the 26 ingredients in Digestxym+ interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Ginseng Root Extract Astragalus Root Extract Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate Bromelain Papain
WarfarinWarfarin
How Warfarin interacts with Digestxym+ — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ginseng Root ExtractWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Read the full Ginseng Root Extract + Warfarin interactionPapainWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, papain might increase the effects and side effects of warfarin.
Read the full Papain + Warfarin interactionBromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Warfarin interactionWarfarin SodiumCoumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin
How Warfarin Sodium interacts with Digestxym+ — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Ginseng Root ExtractWarfarin (coumadin) Major
Interaction Summary
American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Read the full Ginseng Root Extract + Warfarin Sodium interactionPapainWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, papain might increase the effects and side effects of warfarin.
Read the full Papain + Warfarin Sodium interactionBromelainAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Bromelain + Warfarin Sodium interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Digestxym+ with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Ginseng Root Extract
Warfarin (Coumadin)
American ginseng seems to decrease the effectiveness of warfarin therapy.
Healthy patients receiving warfarin 5 mg daily, who also take American ginseng 1 gram twice daily, seem to have a significantly reduced international normalized ratio (INR).
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking American ginseng with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
American ginseng seems to lower postprandial blood glucose. Theoretically, concomitant use with antidiabetes drugs might enhance blood glucose lowering effects and possibly cause hypoglycemia.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, American ginseng use might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
American ginseng seems to stimulate immune function. Theoretically, American ginseng might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant drugs.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Maois)
Theoretically, American ginseng can interfere with MAOI therapy.
There is one case report of insomnia, headache, and tremors when an unspecified ginseng product was used with phenelzine (Nardil), an MAOI. There is also one case report of hypomania when an unspecified ginseng product was used with phenelzine. Theoretically, American ginseng may interfere with MAOI therapy.
Astragalus Root Extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking astragalus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research in humans shows that astragalus might have hypoglycemic effects. Theoretically, taking astragalus, especially in combination with other hypoglycemic agents, might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Cyclophosphamide
Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with cyclophosphamide therapy.
Evidence regarding the effect of astragalus on immunosuppression caused by cyclophosphamide is conflicting. Some animal research suggests that astragalus reverses cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression. However, other animal research shows no effect.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, astragalus might interfere with immunosuppressive therapy.
Astragalus seems to stimulate immune function. Theoretically, taking astragalus might decrease the effects of immunosuppressive therapy.
Lithium
Theoretically, astragalus might increase levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Animal research suggests that astragalus has diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to this diuretic effect, astragalus might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, a high intake of dietary sodium might reduce the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
High intake of dietary sodium can increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Also, high intake of sodium may necessitate increased use of antihypertensive medications to achieve blood pressure control in some patients, such as those with chronic kidney disease.
Corticosteroids
Concomitant use of mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. It is most common with hydrocortisone, cortisone, and fludrocortisone, followed by prednisone and prednisolone.
Didanosine (Videx)
Concomitant use of didanosine with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Didanosine formulations contain a significant amount of sodium.
Lithium
Altering dietary intake of sodium might alter the levels and clinical effects of lithium.
High sodium intake can reduce plasma concentrations of lithium by increasing lithium excretion. Reducing sodium intake can significantly increase plasma concentrations of lithium and cause lithium toxicity in patients being treated with lithium carbonate. Stabilizing sodium intake is shown to reduce the percentage of patients with lithium level fluctuations above 0.8 mEq/L. Patients taking lithium should avoid significant alterations in their dietary intake of sodium.
Sodium Phosphates
Theoretically, concomitant use of sodium phosphate with sodium supplements might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Use of high doses (> 45 mL in 24 hours) of sodium phosphate, such as those used for bowel cleansing before surgery, can lead to serious electrolyte disturbances, including hypernatremia. The risk of hypernatremia is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Sodium-Containing Drugs
Concomitant use of sodium-containing drugs with additional sodium from dietary or supplemental sources may increase the risk of hypernatremia and long-term sodium-related complications.
The Chronic Disease Risk Reduction (CDRR) intake level of 2.3 grams of sodium daily indicates the intake at which it is believed that chronic disease risk increases for the apparently healthy population. Some medications contain high quantities of sodium. When used in conjunction with sodium supplements or high-sodium diets, the CDRR may be exceeded. Additionally, concomitant use may increase the risk for hypernatremia; this risk is highest in the elderly and people with other risk factors for electrolyte disturbances.
Tolvaptan (Samsca)
Theoretically, concomitant use of tolvaptan with sodium might increase the risk of hypernatremia.
Tolvaptan is a vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist that is used to increase sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia. Patients taking tolvaptan should use caution with the use of sodium salts such as sodium chloride.
Bromelain
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Bromelain may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
There is one case report of a patient experiencing minor bruising while taking bromelain with naproxen. Bromelain is thought to have antiplatelet activity. Whether this interaction is of concern with topical bromelain is unclear. Interference with coagulation of burn wounds has been reported in a patient receiving bromelain-based enzymatic debridement. However, observational research has found that topical bromelain debridement is not associated with increases or decreases in laboratory markers of coagulation when compared with surgical debridement.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Theoretically, bromelain might increase levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Laboratory research suggests that bromelain might increase the absorption of tetracycline antibiotics. However, a study in healthy adults reported no difference in tetracycline plasma levels when a 500 mg dose was taken with or without bromelain 80 mg.
Papain
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, papain might increase the effects and side effects of warfarin.
In one case report, a patient previously stable on warfarin was found to have an international normalization ratio (INR) of 7.4, which was attributed to ingestion of a supplement containing papain from papaya extract.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Digestxym+, from the product label.
U.S. Enzymes
See all U.S. Enzymes products- Name
- Master Supplements, Inc.
- City
- Victoria
- State
- MN
- ZipCode
- 55386
- Phone Number
- 800-926-2961
- Web Address
- usenzymes.com
Digestxym+ by U.S. Enzymes: Common Questions
Does Digestxym+ by U.S. Enzymes interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
What is papain and why is it in this product?
Can I take this if I'm on warfarin?
Is lactase in this product effective for lactose intolerance?
What are the most common side effects?
Is it safe to take during pregnancy?
Can I take this with my diabetes medication?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Digestxym+ is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Digestxym+’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Papain
Interacts with 2 drugsPapain is a protein-digesting enzyme from the papaya plant that is used in digestive supplements and some topical products. While it has clear food and laboratory uses, strong human evidence...
Read the full Papain monograph → Herb & supplement monographBromelain
Interacts with 141 drugsBromelain is a group of protein-digesting enzymes from pineapple that people take mainly for inflammation, swelling, and sinus problems. Some early studies are promising, but the overall evi...
Read the full Bromelain monograph → Herb & supplement monographProteolytic Enzymes (proteases)
Proteolytic enzymes are proteins that help break down other proteins, and common examples include bromelain (from pineapple), papain (from papaya), trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatin. Peo...
Read the full Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph → Herb & supplement monographLactase
Lactase is a digestive enzyme supplement that helps people who lack enough natural lactase break down lactose, the sugar in milk and dairy. It can reduce gas, bloating, cramping, and diarrhe...
Read the full Lactase monograph → Herb & supplement monographPhytase
Phytase is an enzyme that breaks down phytic acid (phytate) found in grains, beans, nuts, and seeds, which can free up minerals like iron, zinc, and calcium for absorption. It is widely used...
Read the full Phytase monograph → Herb & supplement monographLipase
Lipase is a digestive enzyme that helps your body break down dietary fats. It is well established as part of prescription pancreatic enzyme therapy for people who cannot make enough of their...
Read the full Lipase monograph → Herb & supplement monographAstragalus
Interacts with 208 drugsAstragalus is a root used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly to support the immune system and help the body cope with stress. While early studies are interesting, strong h...
Read the full Astragalus monograph → Herb & supplement monographAmerican Ginseng
Interacts with 217 drugsAmerican ginseng is an herbal root used as an 'adaptogen' to support energy, stress, immune function, and blood sugar. Some uses—such as reducing the chance or length of colds and modestly l...
Read the full American Ginseng monograph → Herb & supplement monographSodium
Interacts with 205 drugsSodium is an essential mineral and electrolyte your body needs to balance fluids, support nerves, and help muscles work. Most people in modern diets get more than enough—often too much—from...
Read the full Sodium monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Digestxym+'s label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 105 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Papain 11 references
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Shaw D, Leon C, Kolev S, Murray V. Traditional remedies and food supplements: a 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995). Drug Saf 1997;17:342-56.
- Shuttleworth D, Hill S, Marks R, Connelly DM. Relief of experimentally induced pruritus with a novel eutectic mixture of local anaesthetic agents. Br J Dermatol 1988;119:535-40.
- Mansfield LE, Ting S, Haverly RW, Yoo TJ. The incidence and clinical implications of hypersensitivity to papain in an allergic population, confirmed by blinded oral challenge. Ann Allergy 1985;55:541-3.
- Martin, T., Uhder, K., Kurek, R., Roeddiger, S., Schneider, L., Vogt, H. G., Heyd, R., and Zamboglou, N. Does prophylactic treatment with proteolytic enzymes reduce acute toxicity of adjuvant pelvic irradiation? Results of a double-blind randomized trial PubMed
- Walker-Renard, P. Update on the medicinal management of phytobezoars. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88(10):1663-1666.
- Tymoszuk D, Wiszniewska M, Walusiak-Skorupa J. Papain-induced occupational rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma - A case report. Med Pr 2016;67(1):109-12. PubMed
- Soto-Mera MT, López-Rico MR, Filgueira JF, et al. Occupational allergy to papain. Allergy 2000;55(10):983-4. PubMed
- Tarlo SM, Shaikh W, Bell B, et al. Papain-induced allergic reactions. Clin Allergy 1978;8(3):207-15. PubMed
- Baur X, König G, Bencze K, Fruhmann G. Clinical symptoms and results of skin test, RAST and bronchial provocation test in thirty-three papain workers: Evidence for strong immunogenic potency and clinically relevant proteolytic e?ects of airborne papain. C
- Novey HS, Keenan WJ, Fairshter RD, Wells ID, Wilson AF, Culver BD. Pulmonary disease in workers exposed to papain: clinico-physiological and immunological studies. Clin Allergy 1980;10(6):721-31. PubMed
Bromelain 19 references
- Nettis E, Napoli G, Ferrannini A, Tursi A. IgE-mediated allergy to bromelain. Allergy 2001;56:257-8. PubMed
- Taussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelain, the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;22:191-203.. PubMed
- Bradbrook ID, Morrison PJ, Rogers HJ. The effect of bromelain on the absorption of orally administered tetracycline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1978;6:552-4. PubMed
- Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
- Brien S, Lewith G, Walker AF, et al. Bromelain as an adjunctive treatment for moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. QJM 2006;99:841-50. PubMed
- Mori S, Ojima Y, Hirose T, et al. The clinical effect of proteolytic enzyme containing bromelain and trypsin on urinary tract infection evaluated by double blind method. Acta Obstet Gynaecol Jpn 1972;19:147-53.
- Glaser D, Hilberg T. The influence of bromelain on platelet count and platelet activity in vitro. Platelets 2006;17:37-41. PubMed
- Heinicke R M, van der Wal L, Yokoyama M. Effect of bromelain (Ananase) on human platelet aggregation. Experientia 1972;28:844-5. PubMed
- Gailhofer, G., Wilders-Truschnig, M., Smolle, J., and Ludvan, M. Asthma caused by bromelain: an occupational allergy. Clin Allergy 1988;18(5):445-450. PubMed
- Mattei, O., Fabri, G., and Farina, G. [Occupational health experience regarding four cases of asthma due to bromelain (author's transl)]. Medicina del Lavoro 1979;70(5):404-409.
- Galleguillos, F. and Rodriguez, J. C. Asthma caused by bromelin inhalation. Clin Allergy 1978;8(1):21-24. PubMed
- Perez-Camo I, Quirce S, Duran MA, and et al. Latex allergy: evidence of cross-reactivity with papain and bromelain [abstract]. Allergy 1996;51(suppl 31):48.
- Martin GJ, Ehrenreich J, and Asbell N. Bromelain: pineapple proteases with anti-edema activity. Exp Med Surg 1962;20:227-247.
- Kasemsuk T, Saengpetch N, Sibmooh N, Unchern S. Improved WOMAC score following 16-week treatment with bromelain for knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2016 Oct;35(10):2531-40. PubMed
- Kutlu Ö, DemirbaS A, Elmas ÖF, Güvenç U, Metin A. Fixed drug eruption: a new side effect of bromelain. Contact Dermatitis 2020. Online ahead of print. PubMed
- Shoham Y, Shapira E, Haik J, et al. Bromelain-based enzymatic debridement of chronic wounds: Results of a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen 2021;29(6):899-907. PubMed
- Pfister P, Garcia Wendel PD, Kim BS, et al. Coagulation side effects of enzymatic debridement in burned patients. Burns 2022. PubMed
- Hasham S, Riyat H, Fletcher A, O'Boyle CP, Alexander S. To bleed or not to bleed? Case series and discussion of haemorrhage risk with enzymatic debridement in burn injuries. Scars Burn Heal 2023;9:20595131231168333. PubMed
- Leelakanok N, Petchsomrit A, Janurai T, Saechan C, Sunsandee N. Efficacy and safety of bromelain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2023. PubMed
Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) 3 references
- Weeks JA, Harper RA, Simon RA, Burdick JD. Assessment of sensitization risk of a laundry pre-spotter containing protease. Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2011;30(4):272-9. PubMed
- Marquès LI, Lara S, Abós T, Bartolomé B. Occupational rhinitis due to pepsin. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2006;16(2):136-7. DOI
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See these in context on the Proteolytic Enzymes (proteases) monograph →
Lactase 1 reference
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Phytase 7 references
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Astragalus 13 references
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Lipase 1 reference
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American Ginseng 12 references
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Sodium 38 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
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