Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

DIM-plus Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Nature's Way

DIM-plus label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking DIM-plus against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

DIM-plus is a dietary supplement by Nature's Way with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for general nutrition and antioxidant support, heart and digestive health, detoxification support.Based on those ingredients, 401 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Cabbage, Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex, Broccoli. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against DIM-plus by Nature's Way

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with DIM-plus by Nature's Way — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of DIM-plus by Nature's Way

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Protectamins Vegetable Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (100 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

DIM-plus contains four active ingredients. Broccoli, Spinach, and Cabbage are cruciferous vegetables that contribute glucosinolates and other plant compounds.

The fourth active is Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex, which is diindolylmethane, a compound derived from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli. The product also contains inactive ingredients—cellulose, hypromellose, modified food starch, tocophersolan, phosphatidylcholine, and silica—which serve as capsule material, binders, and flow agents.

Does it work?

Insufficient evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Insufficient

There isn't enough reliable clinical evidence to rate this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: balance estrogen metabolism and support prostate.
  • We looked for evidence on: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Mastalgia, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), Prostate cancer, Breast cancer, Uterine cancer — and 3 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Cabbage is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Prostate cancer (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Diindolylmethane is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Breast cancer, Mastalgia, Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and more.

The evidence for DIM-plus is mixed and incomplete. Broccoli is rated possibly effective for colorectal cancer, but evidence is insufficient to rate it for bladder cancer, breast cancer, fibromyalgia, and gastric cancer.

Spinach has insufficient evidence for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cognitive function, muscle strength, obesity, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Cabbage is rated possibly effective for breast engorgement but has insufficient evidence for bladder cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and high cholesterol.

Diindolylmethane (the DIM ingredient) has insufficient evidence for benign prostate enlargement, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical dysplasia, and breast pain. In short, the evidence we hold doesn't support most of the conditions these ingredients are claimed to address.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Broccoli Spinach Cabbage Diindolylmethane

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Broccoli as a food is generally well tolerated, but concentrated supplements are less studied—use only if your doctor approves. Some people taking broccoli extracts, especially at high doses, have reported loose stools, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping.

Spinach is likely safe in pregnancy and lactation, and safe as a food for most people; allergic reactions are rare. Diindolylmethane is likely safe in pregnancy but should be avoided in lactation due to insufficient safety data.

The safety data for diindolylmethane also advises against its use because of possible effects on hormones and insufficient long-term safety information. Cabbage is safe as a food; concentrated or large medicinal amounts are not well studied.

The most common side effects reported with diindolylmethane are diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, rash, and vomiting. A serious but rare condition called DRESS (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) has been reported.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Broccoli Spinach Cabbage Diindolylmethane

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Cabbage, Spinach, Diindolylmethane, Broccoli.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 401 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you start DIM-plus, double-check with your pharmacist if you take: warfarin or other blood thinners (Moderate risk); diabetes medications; drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 or CYP2A6 enzyme pathways; estrogen-based medications or hormone replacement therapy; sodium-depleting diuretics (water pills); acetaminophen regularly; oxazepam or other glucuronidated drugs; or any drug metabolized through glucuronide conjugation. These are Moderate-severity interactions except the CYP1A2 interaction with diindolylmethane alone, which is Minor.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with insufficient evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product combines vegetables with a long food history (broccoli, spinach, cabbage) with diindolylmethane, which has limited evidence for its intended uses. If you take blood thinners, diabetes medications, hormone replacement therapy, or certain diuretics, you'll want to run this past your pharmacist or doctor first—the interactions are real and may require dose adjustments.

The safety data on diindolylmethane suggests caution even without other medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 25, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about DIM-plus, straight from the product label.

Brand Nature's Way
Barcode (UPC) 033674148105
Net contents 60 Vegan Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 25, 2025
DSLD ID 333910
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for DIM-plus by Nature's Way, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
4 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
033674148105
IngredientAmount% DV
Broccoli0 NP--
Spinach0 NP--
Protectamins Vegetable Blend100 mg--
Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex100 mg--
Cabbage0 NP--

Other ingredients: Cellulose, Hypromellose, Food Starch, Modified, Tocophersolan, Phosphatidylcholine, Silica

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Balances Estrogen Metabolism in Women and Men Promotes a beneficial ratio of estrogens Helps support premenstrual breast comfort Supports prostate function

No artificial colors

Bottled and tested in the USA

Vegan Gelatin Free

Vegan Gelatin Free

The DIM-plus Difference Superior bioavailability Compared to regular DIM With clinically studied Indolplex BR-DIM Complex, a delivery system for diindolylmethane Enhanced absorption delivers a consistent dose of DIM With Protectamins, a plant-based blend of spinach, cabbage, and broccoli

Supports Balanced Estrogen Metabolism Enhanced absorption

Gluten free. No salt, wheat, dairy, gelatin, or artificial colors or flavors.

General Statements

New Capsule Look Explore more products at Naturesway.com Questions? 1-800-962-8873 / naturesway.com

New & improved capsules

Brand IP Statement(s)

Copyright 2024 Nature's Way Brands, LLC

Indolplex and BR-DIM is a proprietary, enhanced bioavailability complex containing Diindolymethane licensed from BioResponse, LLC., Boulder, CO.

Seals/Symbols

Vegan Gelatin Free

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formula

Diindolylmethane Clinically Studied BR-DIM

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommendation: Women take 2 capsules daily with food. Men take 2 capsules twice daily with food. For intensive use: Women take 2 capsules twice daily with food. Men take 2 capsules four times daily with food. Take only as directed. Do not exceed recommended dose.

Precautions

Not formulated for children under 18 years of age. Keep out of reach of children.

Take only as directed. Do not exceed recommended dose.

Warning: Do not use if you are pregnant, nursing, or attempting to become pregnant. If you have a hormone sensitive condition, medical condition, or if you are taking any medications, consult a healthcare professional before use.

A harmless but noticeable change in urine color may occur during use of this product. Safety sealed with inner seal. Do not use if seal is broken or missing.

Storage

Keep tightly closed. Store at room temperature. Avoid excessive heat and direct sunlight.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

DIM-plus by Nature's Way label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

DIM-plus label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in DIM-plus by Nature's Way

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Protectamins Vegetable Blend

100 mg per serving

Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex

Interacts with
269 drugs
100 mg per serving

Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound made when your body digests cruciferous vegetables, and it is sold as a supplement mainly for hormone balance and...

Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose, Hypromellose, Food Starch, Modified, Tocophersolan, Phosphatidylcholine, Silica. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

DIM-plus by Nature's Way Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against DIM-plus?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
401Drugs
401 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Cabbage 325
Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex 269
Broccoli 187
Spinach 88

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in DIM-plus interact with 401 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 4 ingredients in DIM-plus interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Cabbage Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex Broccoli Spinach

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in DIM-plus with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Cabbage6 drug types · 325 drugs

Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Others)

Cabbage might increase clearance and reduce the effects of acetaminophen.
A small clinical study shows that daily consumption of cabbage and Brussels sprout decreases acetaminophen levels by as much as 16%, with some evidence suggesting that this effect is due to increased elimination through glucuronide conjugation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, cabbage might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal and in vivo research suggests that cabbage might have hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, cabbage might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Some animal research suggests that cabbage or its constituent indole-3-carbinol might increase drug metabolism and elimination by stimulating CYP1A2 activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Glucuronidated Drugs

Theoretically, cabbage might increase clearance and decrease the effects of drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.
A small clinical study shows that daily consumption of cabbage and Brussels sprout decreases levels of some drugs metabolized through glucuronide conjugation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Oxazepam (Serax)

Cabbage might increase clearance and reduce the effects of oxazepam.
A small clinical study shows that daily consumption of cabbage and brussels sprout decreases oxazepam levels by as much as 17%, with some evidence suggesting that this effect is due to increased elimination through glucuronide conjugation.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, cabbage might decrease the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Cabbage contains vitamin K. If consumed in large quantities, cabbage might decrease the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cabbage full monograph & interactions

Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex3 drug types · 269 drugs

Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase the risk of hyponatremia if used with sodium-depleting diuretics.
Large doses of diindolylmethane (600 mg daily) have been associated with two cases of asymptomatic hyponatremia in clinical research.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase or decrease the effects of estrogens.
Diindolylmethane might have mild estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, large amounts of diindolylmethane might interfere with hormone replacement therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might lower serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that diindolylmethane can induce CYP1A2. Theoretically, it might increase metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates and lower serum concentrations. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex full monograph & interactions

Broccoli2 drug types · 187 drugs

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of fresh broccoli daily for 6-12 days can increase CYP1A2 activity by 10% to 200%. Induction of CYP1A2 activity by broccoli is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (Cyp2A6) Substrates

Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2A6.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of broccoli daily for 6 days increases CYP2A6 activity by 135% to 550%. Induction of CYP2A6 activity is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Broccoli full monograph & interactions

Spinach2 drug types · 88 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

There are claims that spinach leaves have hypoglycemic effects. Evidence from clinical research suggests that consumption of a spinach-rich meal reduces post-meal blood glucose levels. Theoretically, spinach might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary. Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Spinach contains vitamin K, which can interfere with the activity of warfarin.
In human research, although eating spinach with one meal does not result in coagulation test results outside the therapeutic range, daily consumption for one week necessitates dose adjustment of warfarin. Individuals using anticoagulants should consume a consistent daily amount of spinach to maintain the effect of anticoagulant therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Spinach full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for DIM-plus, from the product label.

Nature's Way

See all Nature's Way products
Name
Nature's Way Brands, LLC
City
Green Bay
State
WI
ZipCode
54311
Phone Number
1-800-962-8873
Web Address
naturesway.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

DIM-plus by Nature's Way: Common Questions

Does DIM-plus by Nature's Way interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, DIM-plus has a known interaction with 401 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
DIM-plus contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is DIM-plus safe to take if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Broccoli, spinach, and cabbage are likely safe in pregnancy, and spinach is considered safe while breastfeeding. However, diindolylmethane is rated likely safe in pregnancy but should be avoided while breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist to decide whether this product is right for you during pregnancy or lactation.
What are the most common side effects I might experience?
With diindolylmethane, the most commonly reported side effects are diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, rash, and vomiting. Broccoli extracts at high doses can cause loose stools, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and cramping. Most people tolerate the vegetable ingredients as foods without issue.
Will this product actually help with cancer prevention or other health conditions?
The evidence is limited. Broccoli is possibly effective for colorectal cancer, and cabbage is possibly effective for breast engorgement, but for most other conditions—including bladder cancer, breast cancer, and others—the evidence is insufficient to make a reliable claim. Talk with your doctor about whether this product makes sense for your specific health goals.
Why does this product interact with so many medications?
The cruciferous vegetables in DIM-plus (broccoli, spinach, cabbage) contain compounds that can speed up how your liver processes certain drugs, potentially lowering their effectiveness. Spinach and cabbage also contain vitamin K, which interferes with blood thinners like warfarin. Diindolylmethane can affect estrogen and sodium metabolism. These are real pharmacological effects, not just theoretical risks.
Can I take DIM-plus with my blood thinner?
No, not without your doctor's approval. Spinach contains vitamin K, which reduces warfarin's effectiveness, and cabbage does too. If you take warfarin, your doctor may need to adjust your dose or monitor you more closely if you use this product. Always check with your pharmacist first.
What is diindolylmethane (DIM), and what is it supposed to do?
Diindolylmethane is a compound found naturally in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli. It's included in supplements for hormone-related conditions and certain cancers, but evidence for its effectiveness is insufficient for most of those uses. The safety data also advises caution because long-term safety is not well established.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if DIM-plus is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

DIM-plus label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind DIM-plus’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Broccoli

Interacts with 187 drugs

Broccoli is a nutritious cruciferous vegetable rich in fiber, vitamins, and plant compounds like sulforaphane that have drawn scientific interest for health benefits. Eating broccoli as food...

Read the full Broccoli monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Spinach

Interacts with 88 drugs

Spinach is a nutrient-dense leafy green that is a healthy part of a balanced diet, providing vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants. While it is very safe as a food, concentrated supple...

Read the full Spinach monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cabbage

Interacts with 325 drugs

Cabbage is a nutritious, low-calorie vegetable that is safe to eat as food and is sometimes applied to the skin as a leaf wrap for breast engorgement or sore joints. Most medicinal claims ar...

Read the full Cabbage monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Diindolylmethane

Interacts with 269 drugs

Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound made when your body digests cruciferous vegetables, and it is sold as a supplement mainly for hormone balance and cancer prevention. Although early lab s...

Read the full Diindolylmethane monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

DIM-plus's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 40 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Broccoli 5 references
  1. Kristal AR, Lampe JW. Brassica vegetables and prostate cancer risk: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Cancer 2002;42:1-9. PubMed
  2. Chakrabarti A, Prais L, Foulds IS. Allergic contact dermatitis to broccoli. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:172-3. PubMed
  3. Hakooz, N. and Hamdan, I. Effects of dietary broccoli on human in vivo caffeine metabolism: a pilot study on a group of Jordanian volunteers. Curr Drug Metab 2007;8(1):9-15. PubMed
  4. Kall MA, Vang O, Clausen J. Effects of dietary broccoli on human drug metabolising activity. Cancer Lett. 1997;114(1-2):169-70. PubMed
  5. Bauman JE, Hsu CH, Centuori S, et al. Randomized Crossover Trial Evaluating Detoxification of Tobacco Carcinogens by Broccoli Seed and Sprout Extract in Current Smokers. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(9):2129. Published 2022 Apr 24. PubMed

See these in context on the Broccoli monograph →

Spinach 6 references
  1. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  2. Karlson, B., Leijd, B., and Hellstrom, K. On the influence of vitamin K-rich vegetables and wine on the effectiveness of warfarin treatment. Acta Med Scand. 1986;220(4):347-350. PubMed
  3. Roller, E., Meller, S., Homey, B., Ruzicka, T., and Neumann, N. J. [Contact dermatitis caused by spinach, hedge mustard and chives]. Hautarzt 2003;54(4):374-375.
  4. Schuller, A., Morisset, M., Maadi, F., Kolopp Sarda, M. N., Fremont, S., Parisot, L., Kanny, G., and Moneret-Vautrin, D. A. Occupational asthma due to allergy to spinach powder in a pasta factory. Allergy 2005;60(3):408-409. PubMed
  5. Gustafsson, K., Asp, N. G., Hagander, B., and Nyman, M. Satiety effects of spinach in mixed meals: comparison with other vegetables. Int.J.Food Sci.Nutr. 1995;46(4):327-334. PubMed
  6. Schreiber, J., Muller, E., Becker, W. M., Zabel, P., Schlaak, M., and Amthor, M. [Spinach powder-induced exogenous allergic alveolitis]. Pneumologie 1998;52(1):61-65.

See these in context on the Spinach monograph →

Diindolylmethane 14 references
  1. Natl Inst Health, Natl Inst Environmental Health Sci. Indole-3-carbinol. Available at: http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov.
  2. Balk JL. Indole-3-carbinol for cancer prevention. Altern Med Alert 2000; 3:105-7.
  3. Riby JE, Chang GHF, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. Ligand-independent activation of estrogen receptor function by 3,3'-diindolylmethane in human breast cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2000;60:167-77. PubMed
  4. Lake BG, Tredger JM, Renwick AB, et al. 3'3-diindolylmethane induces CYP1A2 in cultured precision-cut human liver slices. Xenobiotica 1998;28:803-11. PubMed
  5. Dalessandri, K. M., Firestone, G. L., Fitch, M. D., Bradlow, H. L., and Bjeldanes, L. F. Pilot study: effect of 3,3'-diindolylmethane supplements on urinary hormone metabolites in postmenopausal women with a history of early-stage breast cancer. Nutr Canc PubMed
  6. Reed, G. A., Arneson, D. W., Putnam, W. C., Smith, H. J., Gray, J. C., Sullivan, D. K., Mayo, M. S., Crowell, J. A., and Hurwitz, A. Single-dose and multiple-dose administration of indole-3-carbinol to women: pharmacokinetics based on 3,3'-diindolylmetha
  7. Reed, G. A., Sunega, J. M., Sullivan, D. K., Gray, J. C., Mayo, M. S., Crowell, J. A., and Hurwitz, A. Single-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of absorption-enhanced 3,3'-diindolylmethane in healthy subjects. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 2008; PubMed
  8. Del Priore G., Gudipudi, D. K., Montemarano, N., Restivo, A. M., Malanowska-Stega, J., and Arslan, A. A. Oral diindolylmethane (DIM): pilot evaluation of a nonsurgical treatment for cervical dysplasia. Gynecol.Oncol. 2010;116(3):464-467. PubMed
  9. Heath, E. I., Heilbrun, L. K., Li, J., Vaishampayan, U., Harper, F., Pemberton, P., and Sarkar, F. H. A phase I dose-escalation study of oral BR-DIM (BioResponse 3,3'- Diindolylmethane) in castrate-resistant, non-metastatic prostate cancer. Am.J.Transl.R
  10. Jellinck, P. H., Forkert, P. G., Riddick, D. S., Okey, A. B., Michnovicz, J. J., and Bradlow, H. L. Ah receptor binding properties of indole carbinols and induction of hepatic estradiol hydroxylation. Biochem.Pharmacol. 3-9-1993;45(5):1129-1136. PubMed
  11. Bui PV, Moualla M, Upson DJ. A Possible Association of Diindolylmethane with Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis. Case Rep Med. 2016;2016:7527098. PubMed
  12. Castañon A, Tristram A, Mesher D, Powell N, Beer H, Ashman S, Rieck G, Fielder H, Fiander A, Sasieni P. Effect of diindolylmethane supplementation on low-grade cervical cytological abnormalities: double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Br J Cancer. 20 PubMed
  13. Le TM, Sanders CJ, van de Corput L, van Erpecum KJ, Röckmann H. Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms caused by the dietary supplement diindolylmethane. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016 Jan-Feb;4(1):175-6. PubMed
  14. Pence ST, Mehta K, Crum-Bailey J. The Serious Side of Supplements: An Ischemic Stroke in a Healthy 38-year-old Female. Mil Med 2022. PubMed

See these in context on the Diindolylmethane monograph →

Cabbage 15 references
  1. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  2. Pantuck EJ, Pantuck CB, Anderson KE, et al. Effect of brussels sprouts and cabbage on drug conjugation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984;35:161-9. PubMed
  3. Roberts KL. A comparison of chilled cabbage leaves and chilled gelpaks in reducing breast engorgement. J Hum Lact 1995;11:17-20. PubMed
  4. Roberts KL, Reiter M, Schuster D. A comparison of chilled and room temperature cabbage leaves in treating breast engorgement. J Hum Lact 1995;11:191-4. PubMed
  5. Roberts KL, Reiter M, Schuster D. Effects of cabbage leaf extract on breast engorgement. J Hum Lact 1998;14:231-6. PubMed
  6. Nikodem VC, Danziger D, Gebka N, et al. Do cabbage leaves prevent breast engorgement? A randomized, controlled study. Birth 1993;20:61-4. PubMed
  7. Balk JL. Indole-3-carbinol for cancer prevention. Altern Med Alert 2000; 3:105-7.
  8. He YH, Friesen MD, Ruch RJ, Schut HA. Indole-3-carbinol as a chemopreventive agent in 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) carcinogenesis: inhibition of PhIP-DNA adduct formation, acceleration of PhIP metabolism, and induction of cytoch
  9. Platel, K. and Srinivasan, K. Plant foods in the management of diabetes mellitus: vegetables as potential hypoglycaemic agents. Nahrung 1997;41(2):68-74. PubMed
  10. Steinkellner, H., Rabot, S., Freywald, C., Nobis, E., Scharf, G., Chabicovsky, M., Knasmuller, S., and Kassie, F. Effects of cruciferous vegetables and their constituents on drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the bioactivation of DNA-reactive dietary c
  11. Dolle S, Hompes S, Lange L, Worm M. Cabbage allergy: a rare cause of food-induced anaphylaxis. Acta Derm Venereol 2013;93(4):485-6. PubMed
  12. Lauche R, Graf N, Cramer H, Al-Abtah J, Dobos G, Saha FJ. Efficacy of cabbage leaf wraps in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled trial. Clin J Pain 2016;32(11):961-71. PubMed
  13. Lim AR, Song JA, Hur MH, Lee MK, Lee MS. Cabbage compression early breast care on breast engorgement in primiparous women after cesarean birth: a controlled trial. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015;8(11):21335-42.
  14. Milanesi N, Gola M. Irritant contact dermatitis caused by Savoy cabbage. Contact Dermatitis 2016;74(1):60-1. PubMed
  15. Saini P, Saini R. Cabbage leaves and breast engorgement. Indian J Public Health 2014;58(4):291-2. PubMed

See these in context on the Cabbage monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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