Fennel Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Hawaii Pharm
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Fennel against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Fennel is a dietary supplement by Hawaii Pharm with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestive upset and bloating, infant colic, menstrual cramps.Based on those ingredients, 742 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are certified organic Fennel extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Fennel by Hawaii Pharm
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Fennel by Hawaii Pharm — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Fennel by Hawaii Pharm
Four independent checks of what is known — a summary of the available information, not a grade of the product itself.
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
The stated purpose hasn't been mapped to our evidence data yet.
Why this rating?
- We haven't mapped this product's purpose to our evidence data yet — it'll be graded on the next content refresh.
Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.
Why this rating?
- The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 1 active ingredient.
- No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.
The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.
Why this rating?
- 1 of the 1 matched ingredient can interact with medications — Fennel.
- The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
- Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs.
- For scale: 743 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.
Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.
Why this rating?
- We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 1 matched ingredient.
- Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
- General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
- Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.
HelloPharmacist summaryFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 23, 2020.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Fennel, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Hawaii Pharm |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 0787699208459 |
| Net contents | 4 Fluid Ounce(s); 120 mL |
| Market status | Off market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Oct 23, 2020 |
| DSLD ID | 237841 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Organic, Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Fennel by Hawaii Pharm, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| certified organic Fennel extract | 970 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Vegetable Palm Glycerin, pharmaceutical grade Alcohol, artesian Hawaiian purified Water
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Hawaii Pharm Herbal Extract Highest quality since 2008
Made with Aloha!
Formulation
Contains no GMO, gluten, artificial colors, heavy metals, preservatives, pesticides, fertilizers.
Super concentrated liquid herbal extract. Dry herb/menstruum ratio: 1:3.
Manufactured in an FDA registered facility.
Non GMO Gluten free
Made in USA, Hawaii
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Directions for use: Shake well before using. Take about 20-30 drops (0.7-1 ml, one full squeeze of the dropper bulb) to 2-4 oz of juice or water up to 4 times per day.
Precautions
Warning: Keep out of the reach of children.
May have contraindications. We recommend to seek expert medical advice before taking.
Do not use if you are allergic to any ingredients.
Consult a physician before using during pregnancy, if nursing or taking any medications.
Do not use if seal is broken or missing.
Storage
Store in a cool dry place.
Formula
(Foeniculum vulgare)
FDA Statement of Identity
Herbal Dietary Supplement
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Seals/Symbols
FDA Registered Facility Made in United States of America USA
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Fennel by Hawaii Pharm label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Fennel by Hawaii Pharm
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size0.7 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container120 Amounts shown are per serving.
Certified organic Fennel extract
Interacts with742 drugs
Fennel is a Mediterranean herb widely used as a food and spice, and traditionally taken for digestive complaints, colic, and menstrual cramps. Some sm...
Certified organic Fennel extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Palm Glycerin, Pharmaceutical grade Alcohol, Artesian Hawaiian purified Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Fennel by Hawaii Pharm Drug Interactions
Fennel contains a single active ingredient, and it has known interactions with 742 medications. Here’s the picture, then you can look up your own drug.
Want to check YOUR meds against Fennel?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Fennel interact with 742 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Fennel interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. certified organic Fennel extract
BudesonideEntocort EC, Eohilia, Pulmicort, Tarpeyo, Uceris
How Budesonide interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Budesonide interactionBuprenorphineBrixadi, Butrans, Sublocade, Subutex
How Buprenorphine interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Buprenorphine interactionBuprenorphine HydrochlorideBelbuca, Probuphine
How Buprenorphine Hydrochloride interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Buprenorphine Hydrochloride interactionBuprenorphine Hydrochloride, Naloxone HydrochlorideBunavail
How Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, Naloxone Hydrochloride interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, Naloxone Hydrochloride interactionBuprenorphine, NaloxoneCassipa, Zubsolv
How Buprenorphine, Naloxone interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Buprenorphine, Naloxone interactionBuprenorphine/naloxoneSuboxone
How Buprenorphine/naloxone interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Buprenorphine/naloxone interactionBuproprion, DextromethorphanAuvelity
How Buproprion, Dextromethorphan interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Buproprion, Dextromethorphan interactionBuspironeBuSpar
How Buspirone interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Buspirone interactionBusulfanBusulfex, Myleran
How Busulfan interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Busulfan interactionCabazitaxelCabazitaxel, Jetvana
How Cabazitaxel interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Cabazitaxel interactionCabliviCablivi
How Cablivi interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Cablivi interactionCabotegravir, RilpivirineCabenuva
How Cabotegravir, Rilpivirine interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Cabotegravir, Rilpivirine interactionCabozantinibCometriq
How Cabozantinib interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Cabozantinib interactionCabozantinib S-malateCabometyx
How Cabozantinib S-malate interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Cabozantinib S-malate interactionCaffeine (otc Drug)Molie, Overtime, Vivarin
How Caffeine (otc Drug) interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Caffeine (otc Drug) interactionCaffeine (prescription Drug)Caffeine, Dextrophin
How Caffeine (prescription Drug) interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Caffeine (prescription Drug) interactionCaffeine , Sodium BenzoateCaffeine and Sodium Benzoate
How Caffeine , Sodium Benzoate interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Caffeine , Sodium Benzoate interactionCaffeine, Diphenhydramine, Ergotamine (prescription Drug)Ergodryl
How Caffeine, Diphenhydramine, Ergotamine (prescription Drug) interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Caffeine, Diphenhydramine, Ergotamine (prescription Drug) interactionCaffeine, Ergotamine (prescription Drug)Migergot
How Caffeine, Ergotamine (prescription Drug) interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Caffeine, Ergotamine (prescription Drug) interactionCaffeine, Ergotamine Tartrate (prescription Drug)Cafergot, Wigraine
How Caffeine, Ergotamine Tartrate (prescription Drug) interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Caffeine, Ergotamine Tartrate (prescription Drug) interactionCaffeine, Potassium Salicylate, SalicylamideTrim-Elim
How Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionCalcifediolRayaldee
How Calcifediol interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Calcifediol interactionCangrelorKengreal
How Cangrelor interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Cangrelor interactionCannabidiol (prescription Drug)Epidiolex
How Cannabidiol (prescription Drug) interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Cannabidiol (prescription Drug) interactionCapivasertibTruqap
How Capivasertib interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Capivasertib interactionCapmatinib HydrochlorideTabrecta
How Capmatinib Hydrochloride interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Capmatinib Hydrochloride interactionCarbamazepineCarbatrol, Carnexiv, Equetro, Tegretol, Tegretol XR
How Carbamazepine interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Carbamazepine interactionCarbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine TannateTussi-12
How Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate interactionCarbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine TannateQuadratuss, Ry Tuss, Rynatuss, Tri Tannate Plus
How Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Carbetapentane Tannate, Chlorpheniramine Tannate, Ephedrine Tannate, Phenylephrine Tannate interactionCarbetapentane, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylephrineRicotuss
How Carbetapentane, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interacts with Fennel — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Certified Organic Fennel ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Certified Organic Fennel Extract + Carbetapentane, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylephrine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Fennel with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
certified organic Fennel extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Animal research suggests that fennel oil has antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Theoretically, fennel might decrease the levels and clinical effects of ciprofloxacin.
Animal research shows that fennel reduces ciprofloxacin bioavailability by nearly 50%, possibly due to the metal cations such as calcium, iron, and magnesium contained in fennel. This study also found that fennel increased tissue distribution and slowed elimination of ciprofloxacin.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the effects of contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.
Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research suggests that fennel inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Estrogens
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.
Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen.
Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity, which may interfere with the antiestrogenic activity of tamoxifen.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Fennel, from the product label.
Hawaii Pharm
See all Hawaii Pharm products- Name
- Hawaii Pharm LLC
- City
- Honolulu
- State
- HI
- ZipCode
- 96815
- Web Address
- www.hawaiipharm.com
Fennel by Hawaii Pharm: Common Questions
Does Fennel by Hawaii Pharm interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Fennel is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Fennel’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Fennel's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 17 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Fennel 17 references
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Zhu M, Wong PY, Li RC. Effect of oral administration of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on ciprofloxacin absorption and disposition in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999;51:1391-6.
- Gral N, Beani JC, Bonnot D, et al. [Plasma levels of psoralens after celery ingestion]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1993;120:599-603.
- Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T. Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. J Neurol 1999;246:667-70. PubMed
- Rosti L, Nardini A, Bettinelli ME, Rosti D. Toxic effects of a herbal tea mixture in two newborns. Acta Paediatrica 1994;83:683. PubMed
- Cuzzolin L, Zaffani S, and Benoni G. Safety implications regarding use of phytomedicines. Eur.J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;62:37-42. PubMed
- Tognolini, M., Ballabeni, V., Bertoni, S., Bruni, R., Impicciatore, M., and Barocelli, E. Protective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and anethole in an experimental model of thrombosis. Pharmacol.Res 2007;56(3):254-260. PubMed
- Subehan, Usia, T., Iwata, H., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 by Indonesian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 5-24-2006;105(3):449-455. PubMed
- Tognolini, M., Barocelli, E., Ballabeni, V., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., Chiavarini, M., and Impicciatore, M. Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. Life Sci. 2-23-2006;78(13):1419-1432. PubMed
- Subehan, Zaidi, S. F., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Inhibition on human liver cytochrome P450 3A4 by constituents of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare): identification and characterization of a mechanism-based inactivator. J Agric.Food Chem. 12-12-2007;55(25):101 PubMed
- LEVY, S. B. Bronchial asthma due to ingestion of fennel and fennel seed. Ann.Allergy 1948;6(4):415.
- Ottolenghi, A., De Chiara, A., Arrigoni, S., Terracciano, L., and De Amici, M. [Diagnosis of food allergy caused by fruit and vegetables in children with atopic dermatitis]. Pediatr Med Chir 1995;17(6):525-530.
- Trabace L, Tucci P, Ciuffreda L, et al. "Natural" relief of pregnancy-related symptoms and neonatal outcomes: above all do no harm. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;174:396-402. PubMed
- Denaxa D, Arkwright PD. Fennel as a cause of immediate hypersensitivity to toothpaste. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;125(1):99-100. PubMed
- Lee HW, Ang L, Lee MS, Alimoradi Z, Kim E. Fennel for reducing pain in primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 2020;12(11):3438. PubMed
- Mathew T, John SK, Javali M, Vasireddy M, Nadig R, Sarma GRK. Substance use related cluster headache: A case series. Headache 2022;62(7):908-910. PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC