Grape Seed Extract Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Emerald Labs
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Grape Seed Extract against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Grape Seed Extract is a dietary supplement by Emerald Labs with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for heart and cholesterol support, antioxidant support, liver health (fatty liver).Based on those ingredients, 910 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Grape Seed Extract, Tocotriene Complex. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Grape Seed Extract by Emerald Labs
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AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Grape Seed Extract by Emerald Labs
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
Emerald Labs Grape Seed Extract contains 2 active ingredients: tocotrienol complex (a form of vitamin E) and grape seed extract. Tocotrienols are compounds found naturally in plants; they're studied for their potential effects on blood sugar and cholesterol.
Grape seed extract is a concentrated form of compounds from grape seeds, mainly proanthocyanidins, and is used for circulation and inflammation support. The capsule itself is made from vegetable material (an inactive ingredient).
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
For grape seed extract, the evidence shows it's possibly effective for chronic venous insufficiency (poor blood flow in leg veins). It appears ineffective for hay fever, chemotherapy-induced nausea, and weight loss based on available studies.
For tocotrienols, the evidence is possibly effective for diabetes; possibly ineffective for high cholesterol; and insufficient to rate for hair loss (alopecia areata) and breast cancer. These are the ratings we hold data for—other uses haven't been studied enough to establish what works.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Orally, grape seed extract is generally well tolerated; the same is true for tocotrienols. The most common side effects reported with grape seed extract are stomach pain, diarrhea, dry mouth, indigestion, headache, joint pain, and nausea—though these often occur at rates similar to placebo.
Tocotrienols taken by mouth show no adverse effects in clinical trials. A rare serious reaction (anaphylaxis to grape skin) has been reported.
Long-term safety of tocotrienol supplements is not well established. During pregnancy, tocotrienols should be avoided due to insufficient safety data; concentrated grape supplements should also be avoided, though eating grapes as food is fine.
While breastfeeding, concentrated grape supplements are not well studied—talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking them. Little is known about tocotrienol safety while breastfeeding either.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take: cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)—grape seed extract may cut its absorption by up to 30%; blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (anticoagulants like warfarin or aspirin)—the product may theoretically increase bleeding risk; midazolam (Versed)—long-term use might weaken its effects; or any drug processed by CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP1A2, or CYP3A4 enzymes in your liver. No interactions are documented for the tocotrienol component itself beyond a theoretical minor bleeding risk with blood thinners.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Grape Seed Extract may help with poor leg vein circulation (chronic venous insufficiency), but it interacts with several medications—most notably cyclosporine and blood thinners. If you take any prescription medications, especially cyclosporine, anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, or medications metabolized by your liver enzymes, check them against the interaction tool on this page and discuss the results with your own doctor or pharmacist before starting.
Pregnant or breastfeeding people should ask their provider before taking concentrated grape supplements.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 2 of 2 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 22, 2024.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Grape Seed Extract, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Emerald Labs |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 743650103751 |
| Net contents | 90 Vegetable Cap(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Feb 22, 2024 |
| DSLD ID | 302610 |
| Product type | Botanical With Nutrients |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Grape Seed Extract by Emerald Labs, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Tocotriene Complex | 95 mg | -- |
| Grape Seed Extract | 100 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Vegetable Capsule
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula
Grape Seed Extract is a rich source of naturally-occurring plant compounds called oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes (OPC's). Studies indicate that OPCs may be helpful with: Blood vessel & circulatory support Overall heart health Cholesterol Balance Immune support
European Grape Seed Extract 95% OPC's
Formulation
Emerald is committed to creating only clean, pure, additive-free products. You can be 100% certain that our ingredients are in the purest form possible.
Clinical Potency
Made with Non-GMO Ingredients No Magnesium Stearate Gluten-Free
Vegan Formula
This product is free of corn, milk, salt, yeast, soy, added sugar, wheat, artificial flavors and preservatives.
Manufactured in the U.S.A
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Copyright 2020 Emerald Labs, Inc. Emerald Labs The Additive-Free Company
General Statements
Doctor-Formulated
Easy-to-swallow capsule
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: Adults, take one to three (1-3) capsules daily with food or as directed by a health care practitioner.
Precautions
Keep out of reach of children.
Do not use if safety seal is on cap or printed inner seal is missing or broken.
Consult a physician if pregnant, lactating, currently on prescription medication or diagnosed with a medical condition.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Grape Seed Extract by Emerald Labs label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Grape Seed Extract by Emerald Labs
These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Tocotriene Complex
Interacts with122 drugs
Tocotrienols are a less common form of vitamin E with strong antioxidant activity studied mostly for cholesterol, liver, and heart health. Early resea...
Tocotriene Complex monograph & interactionsGrape Seed Extract
Interacts with910 drugs
Grapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support heart and b...
Grape Seed Extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Vegetable Capsule. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Grape Seed Extract by Emerald Labs Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Emerald Labs Grape Seed Extract interacts with medications through its grape seed extract and tocotrienol complex content.
The most serious finding is a Moderate-severity risk: grape seed extract may reduce cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune) absorption by up to 30%, which could weaken the drug's intended effect—separating doses by at least 2 hours may help. Grape seed extract also carries Moderate-severity interactions with several enzyme systems in your liver.
It may theoretically increase blood levels of drugs processed by CYP2D6 and CYP2E1 enzymes, and the effect on CYP3A4 is unclear because research conflicts—some evidence suggests it blocks the enzyme (raising drug levels), while other data suggest it speeds it up (lowering them). Separately, grape juice in this product might actually decrease blood levels of CYP1A2 substrate drugs, including phenacetin.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Grape seed extract also carries a Moderate-severity anticoagulant/antiplatelet interaction: theoretically it may thin your blood and increase bleeding risk if you take blood thinners (anticoagulants) or antiplatelet drugs like aspirin or clopidogrel, though this hasn't been confirmed in humans. The tocotrienol complex carries a Minor-severity bleeding risk with the same drug classes, also unconfirmed in people.
Additionally, grape juice with cyclosporine specifically requires care—a small study showed a 30% drop in cyclosporine levels when taken together. If you take midazolam (Versed), long-term grape seed extract use might reduce its effects.
Altogether, these interactions span 911 individual medications.
Several of the individual drugs and enzyme systems mentioned above represent theoretical concerns from lab or animal studies, not confirmed human cases. Check your exact medications with the tool on this page before starting, and discuss the results with your doctor or pharmacist.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Grape Seed Extract?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Grape Seed Extract interact with 910 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
2 of the 2 ingredients in Grape Seed Extract interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Grape Seed Extract Tocotriene Complex
Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, PhenacetinMarnal
How Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Phenacetin interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Phenacetin interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Phenacetin interactionAspirin, CaffeineAnacin
How Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Codeine PhosphateAnacin w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine BitartrateSynalgos DC
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Dover's PwdAcedoval, Dovacet
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Dover's Pwd interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Dover's Pwd interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Caffeine, Dover's Pwd interactionAspirin, Caffeine, HydrocodoneDamason-P
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Hydrocodone interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Hydrocodone interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Caffeine, Hydrocodone interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Isobutylallylbarbituric Acid, PhenacetinLanorinal
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Isobutylallylbarbituric Acid, Phenacetin interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +2 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Isobutylallylbarbituric Acid, Phenacetin interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Caffeine, Isobutylallylbarbituric Acid, Phenacetin interactionAspirin, Caffeine, OrphenadrineInvagesic, Invagesic Forte, Norgesic, Norgesic Forte, Orphengesic, Orphengesic Forte
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Orphenadrine interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Orphenadrine interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Caffeine, Orphenadrine interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Phenacetin, PropoxypheneMargesic Comp. 65
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Phenacetin, Propoxyphene interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs +3 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Caffeine, Phenacetin, Propoxyphene interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Caffeine, Phenacetin, Propoxyphene interactionAspirin, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Magnesium OxideBufferin
How Aspirin, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Magnesium Oxide interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Magnesium Oxide interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Magnesium Oxide interactionAspirin, CarisoprodolSoma Compound
How Aspirin, Carisoprodol interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Carisoprodol interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Carisoprodol interactionAspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine PhosphateSoma Compound w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine Phosphate interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine Phosphate interactionAspirin, Chlorpheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlka-Seltzer Plus Cold
How Aspirin, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Chlorpheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAspirin, Citric Acid, Sodium BicarbonateAlka-Seltzer Pain Reliever and Antacid
How Aspirin, Citric Acid, Sodium Bicarbonate interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Citric Acid, Sodium Bicarbonate interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Citric Acid, Sodium Bicarbonate interactionAspirin, Codeine PhosphateAspirin w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate interactionAspirin, Codeine Phosphate, MethocarbamolRobaxisal C
How Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Methocarbamol interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract may increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Methocarbamol interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Methocarbamol interactionAspirin, Codeine Phosphate, PhenobarbitalPhenaphen
How Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital interactionAspirin, Diphenhydramine, PhenylpropanolamineAlka Seltzer Plus Night Time Effervescent
How Aspirin, Diphenhydramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Diphenhydramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Diphenhydramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAspirin, DipyridamoleAggrenox, Asasantin Retard
How Aspirin, Dipyridamole interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Dipyridamole interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Dipyridamole interactionAspirin, Ethoheptazine, MeprobamateEquagesic
How Aspirin, Ethoheptazine, Meprobamate interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Ethoheptazine, Meprobamate interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Ethoheptazine, Meprobamate interactionAspirin, HydrocodoneAlor 5 500, Lortab ASA
How Aspirin, Hydrocodone interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract may increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Hydrocodone interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Hydrocodone interactionAspirin, MeprobamateMicrainin
How Aspirin, Meprobamate interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Meprobamate interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Meprobamate interactionAspirin, MethocarbamolRobaxisal
How Aspirin, Methocarbamol interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Methocarbamol interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Methocarbamol interactionAspirin, OmeprazoleYosprala
How Aspirin, Omeprazole interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Omeprazole interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Omeprazole interactionAspirin, OxycodonePercodan
How Aspirin, Oxycodone interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Oxycodone interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Oxycodone interactionAspirin, PentazocineTalwin Compound
How Aspirin, Pentazocine interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Aspirin, Pentazocine interactionTocotriene ComplexAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Read the full Tocotriene Complex + Aspirin, Pentazocine interactionAtazanavirReyataz
How Atazanavir interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Atazanavir interactionAtazanavir, CobicistatEvotaz
How Atazanavir, Cobicistat interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Atazanavir, Cobicistat interactionAtogepantQulipta
How Atogepant interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Atogepant interactionAtomoxetineStrattera
How Atomoxetine interacts with Grape Seed Extract — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Grape Seed ExtractCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, grape seed extract may increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
Read the full Grape Seed Extract + Atomoxetine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Grape Seed Extract with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Grape Seed Extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape extracts might decrease platelet aggregation.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Ingesting grape juice with cyclosporine can reduce cyclosporine absorption.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy young adults shows that intake of purple grape juice 200 mL along with cyclosporine can decrease the absorption of cyclosporine by up to 30% when compared with water. Separate doses of grape juice and cyclosporine by at least 2 hours to avoid this interaction.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that ingestion of 200 mL of grape juice decreases phenacetin plasma levels. This is thought to be due to induction of CYP1A2.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, grape seed extract may increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape seed extract might inhibit CYP2D6 enzymes. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates
Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
In vitro and animal research suggests that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits CYP2E1 enzymes. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape seed extract might inhibit CYP3A4 enzymes. However, evidence from animal research shows that grape seed extract may induce CYP3A4 in the liver. So far, these interactions have not been reported in humans.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, long-term intake of grape seed extract might decrease the effects of midazolam.
Animal research shows that subchronic ingestions of grape seed extract can increase the elimination of intravenous midazolam by increasing hepatic CYP3A4 activity. Single doses of grape seed extract do not appear to affect midazolam elimination.
Phenacetin
Grape juice might decrease phenacetin absorption.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that ingestion of 200 mL of grape juice decreases phenacetin plasma levels. This is thought to be due to induction of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2).
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
It is unclear if grape juice or grape seed extract inhibits CYP2C9; research is conflicting.
In vitro evidence shows that grape seed extract or grape juice might inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes. However, a small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that drinking 8 ounces of grape juice once does not affect the clearance of flurbiprofen, a probe-drug for CYP2C9 metabolism. The effects of continued grape juice consumption are unclear.
Tocotriene Complex
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Concomitant use of tocotrienols with anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding. However, this has not been reported in humans.
Taking tocotrienols orally inhibits experimentally-induced platelet aggregation in humans. Theoretically tocotrienols might increase the risk of bleeding if taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. However, tocotrienols 400-800 mg daily have been used with aspirin and/or clopidogrel for 1 year with no clear cumulative antiplatelet effects and no reports of bleeding.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Grape Seed Extract, from the product label.
Emerald Labs
See all Emerald Labs products- Name
- Emerald Labs
- City
- Carson
- State
- CA
- Phone Number
- 800-436-4366
- Web Address
- www.emeraldlabs.com
Grape Seed Extract by Emerald Labs: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Grape Seed Extract is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Grape Seed Extract’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Tocotrienols
Interacts with 122 drugsTocotrienols are a less common form of vitamin E with strong antioxidant activity studied mostly for cholesterol, liver, and heart health. Early research is interesting but far from conclusi...
Read the full Tocotrienols monograph → Herb & supplement monographGrape
Interacts with 910 drugsGrapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support heart and blood vessel health. While the food is he...
Read the full Grape monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Grape Seed Extract's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 38 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Tocotrienols 4 references
- Mensink RP, van Houwelingen AC, Kromhout D, Hornstra G. A vitamin E concentrate rich in tocotrienols had no effect on serum lipids, lipoproteins, or platelet function in men with mildly elevated serum lipid concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:213-9. PubMed
- Baumann LS, Spencer JS. The effects of topical vitamin E on the cosmetic appearance of scars. Dermatol Surg 1999;25:311-5. PubMed
- Khoo TL, Halim AS, Zakaria Z, Mat Saad AZ, Wu LY, Lau HY. A prospective, randomised, double-blinded trial to study the efficacy of topical tocotrienol in the prevention of hypertrophic scars. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2011 Jun;64(6):e137-45. Epub 201 PubMed
- Slivka A, Rink C, Paoletto D, Sen CK. Platelet function in stroke/transient ischemic attack patients treated with tocotrienol. FASEB J. 2020;34(9):11838-11843. PubMed
Grape 34 references
- Kiesewetter H, Koscielny J, Kalus U, et al. Efficacy of orally administered extract of red vine leaf AS 195 (folia vitis viniferae) in chronic venous insufficiency (stages I-II). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arzneimittelforschung
- Xiao Dong S, Zhi Ping Z, Zhong Xiao W, et al. Possible enhancement of the first-pass metabolism of phenacetin by ingestion of grape juice in Chinese subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999;48:638-40. PubMed
- Vaswani SK, Hamilton RG, Carey RN, et al. Anaphylaxis recurrent urticaria and angioedema from grape hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:S31.
- Chevallier A. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. London, UK: Dorling Kindersley, Ltd., 1996.
- Bernstein DI, Bernstein CK, Deng C, et al. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of grapeseed extract in the treatment of fall seasonal allergic rhinitis: a pilot study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:272-8.. PubMed
- Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Perloff ES, et al. Interaction of flurbiprofen with cranberry juice, grape juice, tea, and fluconazole: in vitro and clinical studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006;79:125-33. PubMed
- Ward NC, Hodgson JM, Croft KD, et al. The combination of vitamin C and grape-seed polyphenols increases blood pressure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Hypertens 2005;23:427-34.. PubMed
- Ray, S. D., Parikh, H., Hickey, E., Bagchi, M., and Bagchi, D. Differential effects of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and a DNA repair modulator 4-aminobenzamide on liver microsomal cytochrome 4502E1-dependent aniline hydroxylation. Mol Cell B PubMed
- O'Byrne, D. J., Devaraj, S., Grundy, S. M., and Jialal, I. Comparison of the antioxidant effects of Concord grape juice flavonoids alpha-tocopherol on markers of oxidative stress in healthy adults. Am J Clin.Nutr. 2002;76(6):1367-1374.
- Schaefer, E., Peil, H., Ambrosetti, L., and Petrini, O. Oedema protective properties of the red vine leaf extract AS 195 (Folia vitis viniferae) in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. A 6-week observational clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschun PubMed
- Nishikawa, M., Ariyoshi, N., Kotani, A., Ishii, I., Nakamura, H., Nakasa, H., Ida, M., Nakamura, H., Kimura, N., Kimura, M., Hasegawa, A., Kusu, F., Ohmori, S., Nakazawa, K., and Kitada, M. Effects of continuous ingestion of green tea or grape seed extra
- de Lange, D. W., Scholman, W. L., Kraaijenhagen, R. J., Akkerman, J. W., and van de Wiel, A. Alcohol and polyphenolic grape extract inhibit platelet adhesion in flowing blood. Eur.J Clin.Invest 2004;34(12):818-824. PubMed
- Samet, J. M. and Coultas, D. B. Reduced forced vital capacity in California grape workers. What does it mean? Am Rev.Respir.Dis 1992;145(2 Pt 1):255-256. PubMed
- Gamsky, T. E., McCurdy, S. A., Samuels, S. J., and Schenker, M. B. Reduced FVC among California grape workers. Am Rev.Respir.Dis 1992;145(2 Pt 1):257-262. PubMed
- de Lange, D. W., Verhoef, S., Gorter, G., Kraaijenhagen, R. J., van de Wiel, A., and Akkerman, J. W. Polyphenolic grape extract inhibits platelet activation through PECAM-1: an explanation for the French paradox. Alcohol Clin.Exp.Res 2007;31(8):1308-1314 PubMed
- Etheridge, A. S., Black, S. R., Patel, P. R., So, J., and Mathews, J. M. An in vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450 inhibition and P-glycoprotein interaction with goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, grape seed, milk thistle, and ginseng extracts and their constitu
- Krikorian, R., Nash, T. A., Shidler, M. D., Shukitt-Hale, B., and Joseph, J. A. Concord grape juice supplementation improves memory function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Br J Nutr. 2010;103(5):730-734. PubMed
- Ingersoll, G. L., Wasilewski, A., Haller, M., Pandya, K., Bennett, J., He, H., Hoffmire, C., and Berry, C. Effect of concord grape juice on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: results of a pilot study. Oncol.Nurs.Forum 2010;37(2):213-221. PubMed
- Oliveira-Freitas, V. L., Dalla, Costa T., Manfro, R. C., Cruz, L. B., and Schwartsmann, G. Influence of purple grape juice in cyclosporine bioavailability. J Ren Nutr. 2010;20(5):309-313. PubMed
- Hollis, J. H., Houchins, J. A., Blumberg, J. B., and Mattes, R. D. Effects of concord grape juice on appetite, diet, body weight, lipid profile, and antioxidant status of adults. J Am Coll.Nutr. 2009;28(5):574-582. PubMed
- Dohadwala, M. M., Hamburg, N. M., Holbrook, M., Kim, B. H., Duess, M. A., Levit, A., Titas, M., Chung, W. B., Vincent, F. B., Caiano, T. L., Frame, A. A., Keaney, J. F., Jr., and Vita, J. A. Effects of Concord grape juice on ambulatory blood pressure in
- Rabe, E., Stucker, M., Esperester, A., Schafer, E., and Ottillinger, B. Efficacy and tolerability of a red-vine-leaf extract in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency--results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur.J Vasc.Endovasc. PubMed
- Trotta, M., Cesaretti, M., Conzi, R., Derchi, L. E., and Borgonovo, G. Elderly male with mesogastric pain. Small bowel obstruction caused by an intact fresh grape. Ann.Emerg.Med 2011;58(4):e1-e2. PubMed
- McCurdy, S. A., Wiggins, P., Schenker, M. B., Munn, S., Shaieb, A. M., Weinbaum, Z., Goldsmith, D., McGillis, S. T., Berman, B., and Samuels, S. Assessing dermatitis in epidemiologic studies: occupational skin disease among California grape and tomato ha
- Winter, C. K. and Kurtz, P. H. Factors influencing grape worker susceptibility to skin rashes. Bull.Environ.Contam Toxicol. 1985;35(3):418-426. PubMed
- Yamasaki, R., Dekio, S., and Jidoi, J. Contact dermatitis from grape bud. Contact Dermatitis 1985;12(4):226-227. PubMed
- Cox, J. and Grigg, M. Small bowel obstruction by an intact grape. J Am Geriatr.Soc 1986;34(7):550. PubMed
- Faircloth, D. E. and Robison, W. J. Obstruction of the sigmoid colon by grape seeds. JAMA 11-27-1981;246(21):2430. PubMed
- Marguerie, C. and Drouet, M. [Occupational eosinophilic lung in a grape grower: role of sulfites]. Allerg.Immunol.(Paris) 1995;27(5):163-167.
- Brito, FF., Martinez, A., Palacios, R., Mur, P., Gomez, E., Galindo, P. A., Borja, J., and Martinez, J. Rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma caused by vine pollen: a case report. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103(2 Pt 1):262-266. PubMed
- Ras RT, Zock PL, Zebregs YE, et al. Effect of polyphenol-rich grape seed extract on ambulatory blood pressure in subjects with pre- and stage I hypertension. Br J Nutr 2013;110(12):2234-41. PubMed
- Berry AC, Nakshabendi R, Abidali H, et al. Adverse effects of grape seed extract supplement: A clinical case and long-term follow-up. J Diet Suppl. 2016;13(2):232-5. PubMed
- Martínez-Maqueda D, Zapatera B, Gallego-Narbón A, Vaquero MP, Saura-Calixto F, Pérez-Jiménez J. A 6-week supplementation with grape pomace to subjects at cardiometabolic risk ameliorates insulin sensitivity, without affecting other metabolic syndrome mark
- Moon SW, Shin YU, Cho H, Bae SH, Kim HK; and for the Mogen Study Group. Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on hard exudates in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98(21):e15515. PubMed
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC