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Dietary supplement

KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by KBomb

KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel is a dietary supplement by KBomb with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for pain relief, opioid withdrawal symptoms, anxiety and stress.Based on those ingredients, 995 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Mitragyna speciosa. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel by KBomb

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel by KBomb — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel by KBomb

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 1 active ingredient.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel contains one active ingredient: kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a plant extract whose main alkaloid is mitragynine. The softgel capsule itself contains safflower oil and the softgel shell as inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

This is a single-ingredient Kratom product and its label doesn't state a use — see Kratom's own graded uses on its monograph.

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.

The evidence we hold does not establish kratom's effectiveness for any of its common uses—sexual dysfunction, anxiety, athletic performance, cough, depression, and diabetes all carry an insufficient evidence rating. That means research so far hasn't provided reliable proof it works for these purposes, so we can't tell you what to expect.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Kratom

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 1 matched ingredient.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Kratom is rated possibly unsafe when taken by mouth. The most common side effects are constipation (especially with regular use), dependence with chronic use, dry mouth, frequent urination, nausea, tongue numbness, and vomiting.

Rare but serious side effects include cardiac arrest, death, hallucinations, liver damage, respiratory depression, and seizures. Poison control data shows that about 75% of kratom exposures involve neurologic effects like agitation, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, and tremor.

During pregnancy, kratom is considered unsafe—it's been linked to newborn withdrawal symptoms. While nursing, kratom compounds may pass into breast milk, so it should be avoided.

Kratom also carries risks of dependence and isn't regulated as a safe supplement, and some products may be contaminated.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Kratom

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 1 matched ingredient can interact with medications — Kratom.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • For scale: 996 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist before taking this product if you use CNS depressants (opioids, benzodiazepines, sedatives), drugs broken down by CYP2D6 or CYP3A4 enzymes (many heart and psychiatric medications), quetiapine, modafinil, venlafaxine, or naltrexone. These carry Moderate-severity interaction ratings.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Kratom has a large number of drug interactions and isn't proven effective for common uses. If you take any medications—especially CNS depressants, heart or psychiatric drugs, or naltrexone—talk with your pharmacist before considering it.

It's not recommended during pregnancy or while breastfeeding.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2025.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel, straight from the product label.

Brand KBomb
Barcode (UPC) 860011850014
Net contents 30 Full Spectrum Kratom Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 23, 2025
DSLD ID 329510
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel by KBomb, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
860011850014
IngredientAmount% DV
Mitragyna speciosa40 mg--

Other ingredients: Safflower Oil, Softgel, Mitragynine

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Storage

Store in a cool dry place

Precautions

Keep out of reach of children

Warning: For use as a botanical specimen only. Resellers and manufacturers assume no responsibility for the use or mis-use of this product. Always consult a physician before using this or any other dietary ingredient.

Consult with a physician before use.

Do not consume if you are pregnant or nursing.

21+ [not for sale to anyone under 21]

Formulation

Lab tested for safety, purity & potency

Ours works faster XX strong Fast acting softgel Formula Fast acting Fast absorption

Organic ingredients

100% guaranteed fresh Zero Kratom taste Fast acting softgels Fresh & effective

Formula

High potency Kratom extract softgel 40 mg Mitragynine extract per softgel

40 mg Mitragynine per softgel

21+

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Warning: For use as a botanical specimen only.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This product has not been evaluated by the FDA and is not intended to treat, prevent, cure or diagnose any disease.

This product is not intended to diagnose treat or prevent any disease. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.

Seals/Symbols

GMP GMP Facility Certified

General Statements

Scan me for a lab test

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See for yourself

KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel by KBomb label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel by KBomb

This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Mitragyna speciosa

Interacts with
995 drugs
40 mg per serving

Kratom is a Southeast Asian plant whose leaves act on the brain's opioid receptors and can produce both stimulant-like and opioid-like effects. It is...

Mitragyna speciosa monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Safflower Oil, Softgel, Mitragynine. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel by KBomb Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
995Drugs
983 Moderate 12 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Mitragyna speciosa 995

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel interact with 995 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 1 ingredient in KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Mitragyna speciosa

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Mitragyna speciosa11 drug types · 995 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, concomitant use might increase the risk for adverse CNS depressant effects.
Kratom contains mitragynine, a mu-receptor agonist that may cause respiratory depression. Although results from animal research suggest that mitragynine causes less respiratory depression than the CNS depressant codeine, fatalities have been reported for patients who ingested a combination of kratom and O-desmethyltramadol, another mu-receptor agonist. Additionally, observational research suggests that adverse effects such as drowsiness and coma are more likely to occur in individuals taking kratom in combination with agents such as opioids and sedatives. Theoretically, ingesting kratom along with other CNS depressants can increase the risk of adverse effects, including drowsiness, coma, and/or severe or fatal respiratory depression.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, kratom might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research suggests that kratom extract inhibits the activity of CYP1A2. In one case report, a 63-year-old male presented with possible serotonin syndrome after taking an unknown dose of kratom for up to 3 months along with serotonergic prescription medications bupropion, buspirone, desvenlafaxine, trazodone, and ziprasidone. It was hypothesized that kratom inhibited CYP1A2-mediaed metabolism of ziprasidone which consequently increased systemic exposure to serotonin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, kratom might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research suggests that kratom extract inhibits CYP2D6 enzyme activity. However, human research shows that a single low dose of kratom tea 2 grams does not inhibit CYP2D6 activity. However, this kratom dose is lower than what is normally taken for psychoactive effects. In one case report, a 63-year-old male presented with possible serotonin syndrome after taking an unknown dose of kratom for up to 3 months along with serotonergic prescription medications bupropion, buspirone, desvenlafaxine, trazodone, and ziprasidone. It was hypothesized that kratom inhibited CYP2D6-mediated metabolism of buspirone and consequently increased systemic exposure to serotonin. In another case, a 37-year-old male stable for 15 years on amitriptyline presented with anticholinergic symptoms including xerostomia, dry eyes, and constipation, along with mildly elevated bilirubin and liver enzymes after taking progressively higher doses of up to 14 grams of kratom daily for 12 weeks. It was hypothesized that the adverse effects of amitriptyline were precipitated by CYP2D6 inhibition by kratom.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Inhibitors

CYP3A4 inhibitors might increase the concentrations and clinical effects of kratom's primary active alkaloid mitragynine.
A pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults suggests that CYP3A4 inhibition with itraconazole increases the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of mitragynine by about 1.5-fold. However, CYP3A4 inhibition reduces the Cmax and area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) over 72 hours of 7-hydroxymitragynine, one of kratom's active constituents, by about 3-fold, possibly by decreasing the metabolism of mitragynine to 7-hydroxymitragynin.
Animal research suggests that CYP3A4 inhibition with ketoconazole reduces the metabolism and clearance of kratom, increasing the Cmax of the active metabolite mitragynine by 130%, time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) from 1 to 2.6 hours, and AUC by 120%. Additionally, CYP3A4-mediated conversion of mitragynine into 7-hydroxymitragynine increases systematic exposure by 130%. However, other CYP isoforms are likely involved in this conversion. CYP3A4 inhibition could lead to increased adverse effects and mu-opioid-receptor-mediated behavioral effects associated with kratom and its metabolites.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Kratom might increase the levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that kratom extract inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity. A pharmacokinetic study in adults shows that taking kratom tea 2 grams modestly increases the plasma concentration time-curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) of CYP3A4 probe midazolam by 40-50% and its CYP3A4-mediated metabolites 18-27%. However, a lack of change in the half-life of midazolam and a simulation of the kratom-midazolam interaction suggest that kratom inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes in the small intestine but not the liver. Additionally, there is one case report of a 27-year-old male who died from neuroleptic malignant-like symptoms after concomitant use of kratom and quetiapine, a CYP3A4 substrate. Although it did not appear that the patient had consumed large quantities of quetiapine, postmortem plasma levels were in the lethal range, indicating possible inhibition of CYP3A4 by kratom. In another case report, a 63-year-old male presented with possible serotonin syndrome after taking an unknown dose of kratom for up to 3 months along with serotonergic prescription medications bupropion, buspirone, desvenlafaxine, trazodone, and ziprasidone. It is hypothesized that CYP3A4 inhibition by kratom reduced metabolism of desvenlafaxine, trazodone, and ziprasidone and consequently increased systemic exposure to serotonin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Modafinil (Provigil)

Theoretically, taking kratom in combination with modafinil may increase the risk of seizures.
A 43-year-old male patient experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizures after adding modafinil 100 mg to his chronic ingestion of kratom tea four times daily to further improve alertness and as a self-treatment for opioid withdrawal. The exact mechanism by which this interaction may occur is unknown.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Naltrexone (Vivitrol)

Taking kratom in combination with naltrexone might precipitate withdrawal.
Animal research shows that, while naltrexone does not antagonize the primary kratom alkaloid mitragynine, it does inhibit the behavioral effects of the metabolite 7-hyroxymitragynine by antagonizing its binding at the mu-opioid receptor. In humans, taking naltrexone has precipitated withdrawal from kratom. In one case, a patient chronically consuming kratom developed agitation, hallucinations, and delirium within about 2 hours of beginning oral naltrexone therapy. In another case, a 38-year-old male who was admitted to a residential rehabilitation treatment program for polysubstance abuse experienced opioid withdrawal after administration of intramuscular naltrexone. Although the patient reported discontinuing kratom, continued use was confirmed through positive urine mitragynine tests. Manufacturer guidance states that patients should be opioid-free for a minimum of 7-10 days prior to initiating treatment with naltrexone; this case report suggests that kratom use should be given similar consideration.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Quetiapine (Seroquel)

Theoretically, taking kratom in combination with quetiapine may increase levels and adverse effects of quetiapine.
A 27-year-old male was found deceased due to neuroleptic malignant-like symptoms after concomitant consumption of quetiapine and kratom. Although it did not appear that he had consumed large quantities of the medication, he was found to have a lethal plasma level of quetiapine. It is hypothesized that kratom inhibited cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, the primary metabolic pathway for quetiapine. Also, a 36-year-old male presented to the emergency department with serotonin syndrome and QT interval prolongation after concomitant use of quetiapine, venlafaxine, and kratom. It is hypothesized that kratom may have inhibited the metabolism of both venlafaxine and quetiapine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Serotonergic Drugs

Theoretically, taking kratom in combination with serotonergic drugs may increase levels of serotonin, increasing the risk of serotonin syndrome.
A 63-year-old male presented with possible serotonin syndrome after taking an unknown dose of kratom for up to 3 months along with serotonergic prescription medications bupropion, buspirone, desvenlafaxine, trazodone, and ziprasidone. It was hypothesized that kratom inhibited the cytochrome P450 3A4-, 2C9-, 2D6-, and 1A2-mediated metabolism of several of these serotonergic medications, consequently increasing systemic exposure to serotonin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Venlafaxine (Effexor)

Theoretically, taking kratom in combination with venlafaxine may increase levels and clinical effects of venlafaxine.
A 36-year-old male presented to the emergency department with serotonin syndrome and QT interval prolongation after concomitant use of venlafaxine, quetiapine, and kratom. It is hypothesized that kratom may have inhibited the cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism of both venlafaxine and quetiapine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, kratom might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro research shows that kratom extract weakly inhibits CYP2C19 enzyme activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Mitragyna speciosa full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel, from the product label.

KBomb

See all KBomb products
Name
KBomb
Web Address
www.kbombkratom.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel by KBomb: Common Questions

Does KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel by KBomb interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel has a known interaction with 995 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel contains a single active ingredient, and that one ingredient can interact with many different medications on its own. We check it against each medication and show the mechanism responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What does kratom actually do?
According to the evidence we hold, kratom's effectiveness for common uses—anxiety, depression, pain, sexual dysfunction, and others—isn't established. The research so far hasn't provided reliable proof it works for these conditions.
What are the most common side effects?
Constipation, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, and tongue numbness are the most common. With regular use, dependence is a concern. Rare but serious effects include seizures, liver damage, and respiratory depression.
Is kratom safe during pregnancy?
No. Kratom is considered unsafe in pregnancy and has been linked to newborn withdrawal symptoms. You should avoid it if you're pregnant.
Can I take kratom while breastfeeding?
No. Kratom compounds pass into breast milk, so it should be avoided while nursing.
Does kratom carry a risk of dependence?
Yes. Chronic use of kratom is linked to dependence, and kratom isn't regulated as a safe supplement. Contaminated products are also a concern.
Why is this product regulated differently than other supplements?
Kratom isn't regulated as a safe supplement by the FDA, and it carries documented risks including serious side effects, dependence with regular use, and potential product contamination.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Kratom

Interacts with 995 drugs

Kratom is a Southeast Asian plant whose leaves act on the brain's opioid receptors and can produce both stimulant-like and opioid-like effects. It is not approved or proven safe by health re...

Read the full Kratom monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

KBomb Kratom Extract Softgel's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 77 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Kratom 77 references
  1. Singh D, Müller CP, Vicknasingam BK. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) dependence, withdrawal symptoms and craving in regular users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014 Jun 1;139:132-7. PubMed
  2. Backstrom BG, Classon G, Lowenhielm P, Thelander G. [Krypton--new, deadly Internet drug. Since October 2009 have nine young persons died in Sweden]. Lakartidningen 2010;107(50):3196-3197.
  3. Kronstrand R, Roman M, Thelander G, Eriksson A. Unintentional fatal intoxications with mitragynine and O-desmethyltramadol from the herbal blend Krypton. J Anal Toxicol 2011;35(4):242-247. PubMed
  4. Boyer EW, Babu KM, Adkins JE, McCurdy CR, Halpern JH. Self-treatment of opioid withdrawal using kratom (Mitragynia speciosa korth). Addiction 2008;103(6):1048-1050.
  5. Jansen KL, Prast CJ. Ethnopharmacology of kratom and the Mitragyna alkaloids. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;23(1):115-119. PubMed
  6. Nelsen JL, Lapoint J, Hodgman MJ, Aldous KM. Seizure and coma following Kratom (Mitragynina speciosa Korth) exposure. J Med Toxicol 2010;6(4):424-426. PubMed
  7. Sheleg SV, Collins GB. A coincidence of addiction to "Kratom" and severe primary hypothyroidism. J Addict Med 2011;5(4):300-301. PubMed
  8. Kapp FG, Maurer HH, Auwarter V, Winkelmann M, Hermanns-Clausen M. Intrahepatic cholestasis following abuse of powdered kratom (Mitragyna speciosa). J Med Toxicol 2011;7(3):227-231. PubMed
  9. Kong WM, Chik Z, Ramachandra M, et al. Evaluation of the effects of Mitragyna speciosa alkaloid extract on cytochrome P450 enzymes using a high throughput assay. Molecules. 2011;16(9):7344-7356. PubMed
  10. US Food and Drug Administration (2014). SNI National is Voluntarily recalling Kratom XL 4 Pack, Maeng Da Kratom 10 Pack, Max Kratom 20 Pack, and Bali Kratom 40 pack Due to Undeclared Drug Ingredients [Press Release].
  11. Castillo A, Payne JD, Nugent K. Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome after kratom ingestion. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2017;30(3):355-357. PubMed
  12. Cumpston KL, Carter M, Wills BK. Clinical outcomes after Kratom exposures: A poison center case series. Am J Emerg Med. 2018;36(1):166-168. PubMed
  13. FDA Adverse Event Reporting System: Kratom Deaths. February 6, 2018. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/CDERFOIAElectronicReadingRoom/UCM595575.pdf. Accessed March 6, 2018.
  14. Trakulsrichai S, Sathirakul K, Auparakkitanon S, et al. Pharmacokinetics of mitragynine in man. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015;9:2421-9. PubMed
  15. Kruegel AC, Grundmann O. The medicinal chemistry and neuropharmacology of kratom: A preliminary discussion of a promising medicinal plant and analysis of its potential for abuse.Neuropharmacology. 2017. pii: S0028-3908(17)30393-3. PubMed
  16. Singh D, Murugaiyah V, Hamid SBS, et al. Assessment of gonadotropins and testosterone hormone levels in regular Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) users. J Ethnopharmacol 2018;221:30-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.005. PubMed
  17. Singh D, Müller CP, Murugaiyah V, et al. Evaluating the hematological and clinical-chemistry parameters of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) users in Malaysia. J Ethnopharmacol 2018;214:197-206. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.12.017. PubMed
  18. Olsen EO, O'Donnell J, Mattson CL, Schier JG, Wilson N. Notes from the field: Unintentional drug overdose deaths with kratom detected - 27 States, July 2016-December 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;68(14):326-327.
  19. Hughes RL. Fatal combination of mitragynine and quetiapine - a case report with discussion of a potential herb-drug interaction. Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 2019 Mar;15(1):110-113. PubMed
  20. Gershman K, Timm K, Frank M, et al. Deaths in Colorado Attributed to Kratom. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 3;380(1):97-98. PubMed
  21. Mackay L, Abrahams R. Novel case of maternal and neonatal kratom dependence and withdrawal. Can Fam Physician. 2018 Feb;64(2):121-122.
  22. Davidson L, Rawat M, Stojanovski S, Chandrasekharan P. Natural drugs, not so natural effects: Neonatal abstinence syndrome secondary to 'kratom'. J Neonatal Perinatal Med. 2019;12(1):109-112. PubMed
  23. Smid MC, Charles JE, Gordon AJ, Wright TE. Use of Kratom, an Opioid-like Traditional Herb, in Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Oct;132(4):926-928. PubMed
  24. Muhammad BY, Abdullahi AD, Kadir, SS, Abdul Razak TB, Ahmed QU. In-utero effects of the crude ethanolic extract of the leaves of Mitragyna speciose on neural tube formation in rats. Asian J Exp Biol Sci. 2010;1(2):404-408.
  25. Aldyab M, Ells PF, Bui R, Chapman TD, Lee H. Kratom-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury Mimicking Anti-Mitochondrial Antibody-Negative Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Gastroenterology Res. 2019 Aug;12(4):211-215. PubMed
  26. Nacca N, Schult RF, Li L, Spink DC, Ginsberg G, Navarette K, Marraffa J. Kratom Adulterated with Phenylethylamine and Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Linking Toxicologists and Public Health Officials to Identify Dangerous Adulterants. J Med Toxicol. PubMed
  27. Abdullah HMA, Haq I, Lamfers R. Cardiac arrest in a young healthy male patient secondary to kratom ingestion: is this 'legal high' substance more dangerous than initially thought ? BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Jul 19;12(7). pii: e229778. PubMed
  28. Eggleston W, Stoppacher R, Suen K, Marraffa JM, Nelson LS. Kratom Use and Toxicities in the United States. Pharmacotherapy. 2019 Jul;39(7):775-777. doi: 10.1002/phar.2280. Epub 2019 Jun 13. PubMed
  29. Afzal H, Esang M, Rahman S. A case of kratom-induced seizures. Cureus. 2020;12(1):e6588. PubMed
  30. ELJack A, Beasley M, Ibrahim H, Taha M, Werns S. Kratom-associated ventricular fibrillation. Am J Ther. 2020. Online ahead of print. PubMed
  31. Schimmel J, Dart RC. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) liver injury: a comprehensive review. Drugs. 2020;80(3):263-83. PubMed
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Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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