L-Carnitine 250 mg Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by NOW
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking L-Carnitine 250 mg against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
L-Carnitine 250 mg is a dietary supplement by NOW with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for exercise performance and recovery, heart health, weight management.Based on those ingredients, 19 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Carnipure. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against L-Carnitine 250 mg by NOW
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with L-Carnitine 250 mg by NOW — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of L-Carnitine 250 mg by NOW
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This product contains one active ingredient: L-carnitine tartrate (250 mg per capsule). L-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and uses to move fatty acids into cells for energy.
The capsule also contains four inactive ingredients — microcrystalline cellulose, hypromellose, magnesium stearate, and silicon dioxide — which are fillers and binders that hold the capsule together.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
L-carnitine is effective for treating L-carnitine deficiency, which is a real but uncommon condition. For other uses, the evidence is mixed.
It's rated possibly effective for high cholesterol, congestive heart failure, and angina based on available research, but the evidence isn't strong enough to guarantee results in everyone.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
L-carnitine is generally well tolerated at typical doses. The most common side effects are stomach-related — nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, heartburn, and loss of appetite.
At higher doses, you might notice a fishy body odor. Seizures are rare but have been reported.
There isn't enough safety data for use during pregnancy, so that decision needs to be made with your doctor. Safety while breastfeeding hasn't been well studied either, so caution is advised if you're nursing.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before you take this, double-check if you're on warfarin or acenocoumarol (blood thinners) — L-carnitine may strengthen their effect. Also check if you take thyroid hormone replacement, which L-carnitine can interfere with.
Both are moderate-severity interactions.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
L-carnitine works well if you have an actual carnitine deficiency and may help with heart conditions or cholesterol, though the evidence is modest. If you take blood thinners or thyroid hormone, check with us first — this supplement can interfere with both.
It's generally easy on your stomach at normal doses.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 20, 2024.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about L-Carnitine 250 mg, straight from the product label.
| Brand | NOW |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 733739000620 |
| Net contents | 60 Veg Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jun 20, 2024 |
| DSLD ID | 314411 |
| Product type | Non-nutrient/non-botanical |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Halal, Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for L-Carnitine 250 mg by NOW, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| L-Carnitine Tartrate | 746 mg | -- |
| Carnipure | 500 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Hypromellose, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Usage: Take 2 capsules 1 to 3 times daily.
Formula
L-Carnitine is a non-essential amino acid that helps to maintain overall good health by facilitating the transfer of fatty acid groups into the mitochondrial membrane for cellular energy production. It naturally occurs in red meat and other animal source foods, but we recommend supplementation to obtain optimal levels of this excellent amino acid.
Carnipure
Triangle K (Kosher)
Crescent H (Halal)
Formulation
NOW L-Carnitine is the purest form, clinically tested, and vegetarian (non-animal sourced)
Purest form, clinically tested Fitness support Boosts cellular energy Transports fatty acids
Vegetarian/Vegan
Non-GMO
Made and quality tested in the USA with globally sourced ingredients.
Not manufactured with wheat, gluten, soy, corn, milk, egg, fish, shellfish, tree nut or sesame ingredients.
Natural color variation may occur in this product.
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Precautions
Caution: For adult only. Keep out of reach of children.
Consult physician if pregnant/nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition (including thyroid disorder).
Not manufactured with wheat, gluten, soy, corn, milk, egg, fish, shellfish, tree nut or sesame ingredients. Produced in a GMP facility that processes other ingredients containing these allergens.
FDA Statement of Identity
A Dietary Supplement
Seals/Symbols
Triangle K (Kosher)
Crescent H (Halal) GMP Quality Assured
General Statements
Amino Acids Family owned since 1968.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Carnipure is a Lonza trademark.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place after opening.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
L-Carnitine 250 mg by NOW label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in L-Carnitine 250 mg by NOW
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Veg Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Carnipure
Interacts with19 drugs
L-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most...
Carnipure monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Hypromellose, Magnesium Stearate, Silicon Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
L-Carnitine 250 mg by NOW Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
NOW's L-Carnitine 250 mg contains a single active ingredient, L-carnitine tartrate, which does interact with certain medications.
The most serious concern is with blood thinners (anticoagulants). L-carnitine may increase how strongly warfarin (Coumadin) and acenocoumarol (Sintrom) work, raising your bleeding risk — this is a moderate-severity interaction, and there are case reports of it happening with acenocoumarol.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
You'll also want to check if you take thyroid hormone replacement. L-carnitine appears to work against thyroid hormone in your cells, which could lower how well your thyroid medication works.
Altogether, these interactions span 19 individual medications. If you're on any blood thinner or thyroid medicine, run them through the medication checker on this page before you start.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against L-Carnitine 250 mg?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in L-Carnitine 250 mg interact with 19 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in L-Carnitine 250 mg interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Carnipure
AcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureAcenocoumarol (sintrom) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
Read the full Carnipure + Acenocoumarol interactionConjugated EstrogensCenestin, Enjuvia, Premarin, Premarin Vaginal Cream
How Conjugated Estrogens interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Conjugated Estrogens interactionDesiccated Thyroid ExtractWesthroid, WP Thyroid
How Desiccated Thyroid Extract interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Desiccated Thyroid Extract interactionDesiccated Thyroid Extract (prescription Drug)Nature-Throid, Thyrar
How Desiccated Thyroid Extract (prescription Drug) interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Desiccated Thyroid Extract (prescription Drug) interactionDextrothyroxineCholoxin
How Dextrothyroxine interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Dextrothyroxine interactionHuman Chorionic Gonadotropin (hcg)Pregnyl
How Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hcg) interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hcg) interactionLevothyroxineEltroxin, Estre, Euthyrox, Levo-T, Levolet, Levothroid +5 more
How Levothyroxine interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Levothyroxine interactionLevothyroxine SodiumErmez, Thyquidity, Tirosint-Sol
How Levothyroxine Sodium interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Levothyroxine Sodium interactionLevothyroxine, LiothyronineArmour Thyroid
How Levothyroxine, Liothyronine interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Levothyroxine, Liothyronine interactionLiothyronineCytomel
How Liothyronine interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Liothyronine interactionLiotrixEuthroid 1, Euthroid 1/2, Euthroid 3
How Liotrix interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Liotrix interactionLiotrix, T4/t3Euthroid 2
How Liotrix, T4/t3 interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Liotrix, T4/t3 interactionMenotropinsMenopur, Repronex
How Menotropins interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Menotropins interactionOspemifeneOsphena
How Ospemifene interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Ospemifene interactionTestosterone UndecanoateAndriol, Aveed, Jatenzo, Kyzatrex
How Testosterone Undecanoate interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Testosterone Undecanoate interactionThyroglobulinProloid
How Thyroglobulin interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Thyroglobulin interactionThyroid HormoneEtwon
How Thyroid Hormone interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full Carnipure + Thyroid Hormone interactionWarfarinWarfarin
How Warfarin interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Read the full Carnipure + Warfarin interactionWarfarin SodiumCoumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin
How Warfarin Sodium interacts with L-Carnitine 250 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
CarnipureWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Read the full Carnipure + Warfarin Sodium interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in L-Carnitine 250 mg with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Carnipure
Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation with concomitant use. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with L-carnitine and warfarin.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for L-Carnitine 250 mg, from the product label.
NOW
See all NOW products- Name
- NOW FOODS
- Street Address
- 395 S. Glen Ellyn Rd.
- City
- Bloomingdale
- State
- IL
- ZipCode
- 60108
- Web Address
- nowfoods.com
L-Carnitine 250 mg by NOW: Common Questions
Does L-Carnitine 250 mg by NOW interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
What is L-carnitine and what does it do?
Will L-carnitine help my cholesterol or heart?
What side effects should I watch for?
Is it safe to take while I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Can I take this with my other supplements or herbs?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if L-Carnitine 250 mg is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind L-Carnitine 250 mg’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
L-Carnitine 250 mg's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 41 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
L-carnitine 41 references
- Ellaway CM, Williams K, Leonard H, et al. Rett syndrome: randomized controlled trial of L-carnitine. J Child Neurol 1999;14:162-7. PubMed
- Anon. Carnitor (levocarnitine) package insert. Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals Inc, Gaithersburg, MD. December 1999.
- Cherchi A, Lai C, Angelino F, et al. Effects of L-carnitine on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1985;23:569-72.
- Plioplys AV, Plioplys S. Amantadine and L-carnitine treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Neuropsychobiology 1997;35:16-23. PubMed
- Benvenga S, Ruggeri RM, Russo A, et al. Usefulness of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring peripheral antagonist of thyroid hormone action, in iatrogenic hyperthyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Meta
- Martinez E, Domingo P, Roca-Cusachs A. Potentiation of acenocoumarol action by L-carnitine. J Intern Med 1993;233:94.
- Bachmann HU, Hoffmann A. Interaction of food supplement L-carnitine with oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol. Swiss Med Wkly 2004;134:385. PubMed
- Evans AM, Fornasini G. Pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine. Clin Pharmacokinet 2003;42:941-67. PubMed
- 12761 Benvenga S, Amato A, Calvani M, Trimarchi F. Effects of carnitine on thyroid hormone action. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1033:158-67. PubMed
- Ciacci C, Peluso G, Iannoni E, et al. L-Carnitine in the treatment of fatigue in adult celiac disease patients: a pilot study. Dig Liver Dis 2007;39:922-8. PubMed
- Cruciani RA, Dvorkin E, Homel P, et al. Safety, tolerability and symptom outcomes associated with L-carnitine supplementation in patients with cancer, fatigue, and carnitine deficiency: a phase I/II study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2006;32:551-9. PubMed
- Lebrun C, Alchaar H, Candito M, et al. Levocarnitine administration in multiple sclerosis patients with immunosuppressive therapy-induced fatigue. Mult Scler 2006;12:321-4. PubMed
- Malaguarnera M, Cammalleri L, Gargante MP, et al. L-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1738-44. PubMed
- Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C, et al. Randomized phase III clinical trial of five different arms of treatment in 322 patients with cancer cachexia. Oncologist 2010;15:200-11.
- Angelova-Fischer I, Rippke F, Fischer TW, Neufang G, Zillikens D. A double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled efficacy assessment study of a skin care formulation for improvement of mild to moderately severe acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jul PubMed
- Hatamkhani S, Khalili H, Karimzadeh I, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Abdollahi A, Jafari S. Carnitine for prevention of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a randomized, clinical trial. J Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2014 May;29(5):997-1004. PubMed
- Boehm G, Stahl B. Oligosaccharides from milk. J Nutr 2007;137(3 Suppl 2):847S-849S.
- Van Oudheusden, L. J. and Scholte, H. R. Efficacy of carnitine in the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2002;67(1):33-38. PubMed
- Derosa, G., Cicero, A. F., Gaddi, A., Mugellini, A., Ciccarelli, L., and Fogari, R. The effect of L-carnitine on plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in hypercholesterolemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther 2003;25(5):1429-1439. PubMed
- Foitzik, K., Hoting, E., Heinrich, U., Tronnier, H., and Paus, R. Indications that topical L-carnitin-L-tartrate promotes human hair growth in vivo. J Dermatol.Sci 2007;48(2):141-144. PubMed
- Kumar, A., Singh, R. B., Saxena, M., Niaz, M. A., Josh, S. R., Chattopadhyay, P., Mechirova, V., Pella, D., and Fedacko, J. Effect of carni Q-gel (ubiquinol and carnitine) on cytokines in patients with heart failure in the Tishcon study. Acta Cardiol. 20
- Cruciani, R. A., Dvorkin, E., Homel, P., Culliney, B., Malamud, S., Lapin, J., Portenoy, R. K., and Esteban-Cruciani, N. L-carnitine supplementation in patients with advanced cancer and carnitine deficiency: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Pa PubMed
- Malaguarnera, M., Vacante, M., Avitabile, T., Malaguarnera, M., Cammalleri, L., and Motta, M. L-Carnitine supplementation reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes. Am J Clin.Nutr 2009;89(1):71-76. PubMed
- Alvarez, T. M., Guardiola, P. D., Roldan, J. O., Elviro, R., Wevers, R., and Guijarro, G. [Primary trimethylaminuria: the fish odor syndrome]. Endocrinol.Nutr. 2009;56(6):337-340.
- Wu, Z. M., Lu, X., Wang, Y. W., Sun, J., Tao, J. W., Yin, F. H., and Cheng, H. J. [Short-term medication of L-carnitine before intracytoplasmic sperm injection for infertile men with oligoasthenozoospermia]. Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue 2012;18(3):253-256.
- Tarighat, Esfanjani A., Mahdavi, R., Ebrahimi, Mameghani M., Talebi, M., Nikniaz, Z., and Safaiyan, A. The effects of magnesium, L-carnitine, and concurrent magnesium-L-carnitine supplementation in migraine prophylaxis. Biol.Trace Elem.Res 2012;150(1-3): PubMed
- DiNicolantonio, J. J., Lavie, C. J., Fares, H., Menezes, A. R., and O'Keefe, J. H. L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(6):544-551. PubMed
- Huang, W. W., Wang, M. Y., Shi, H. M., Peng, Y., Peng, C. S., Zhang, M., Li, Y., Lu, J., and Li, X. B. Comparative study of bioactive constituents in crude and processed Glycyrrhizae radix and their respective metabolic profiles in gastrointestinal tract
- Madsen KL, Preisler N, Orngreen MC, Andersen SP, Olesen JH, Lund AM, Vissing J. Patients with medium-chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency have impaired oxidation of fat during exercise but no effect of L-carnitine supplementation. J Clin Endocri
- Prohaska ES, Muzyk AJ, Rivelli SK. Levocarnitine-induced hypophosphatemia in a hemodialysis patient with acute valproic acid toxicity. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012 Winter;24(1):E18-9. PubMed
- Shang R, Sun Z, Li H. Effective dosing of L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2014 Jul 21;14:88. PubMed
- Zhang JJ, Wu ZB, Cai YJ, Ke B, Huang YJ, Qiu CP, Yang YB, Shi LY, Qin J. L-carnitine ameliorated fasting-induced fatigue, hunger, and metabolic abnormalities in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled study. Nutr J. 2014 Nov 26;13:110. PubMed
- Koeth RA, Wang Z, Levison BS, Buffa JA, Org E, Sheehy BT, Britt EB, Fu X, Wu Y, Li L, Smith JD, DiDonato JA, Chen J, Li H, Wu GD, Lewis JD, Warrier M, Brown JM, Krauss RM, Tang WH, Bushman FD, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carn
- Jun DW, Kim BI, Cho YK, Kim HJ, Kwon YO, Park SY, Han SY, Baek YH, Jung YJ, Kim HY, Kim W, Heo J, Woo HY, Hwang SG, Rim KS, Choi JY, Bae SH, Lee YS, Lim YS,Cheong JY, Cho SW, Lee BS, Kim SH, Sohn JH, Kim TY, Paik YH, Kim JK, Lee KS. Efficacy and safety of
- An JH, Kim YJ, Kim KJ, et al. L-carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with hypothyroidism on levothyroxine treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Endocr J. 2016;63(10):885-95. PubMed
- Chen N, Yang M, Zhou M, Xiao J, Guo J, He L. L-carnitine for cognitive enhancement in people without cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3:CD009374. PubMed
- Khajeh B, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Nasiri-Toosi M, Mohammadi K, Jafari A. Effects of pre-transplant L-carnitine supplementation on primary graft dysfunction in liver transplant recipients: a pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Res Pharm Sci. PubMed
- Kubota K, Uojima H, Shao X, et al. Additional L-carnitine Reduced the Risk of Hospitalization in Patients with Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy on Rifaximin. Dig Dis 2021. PubMed
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