L-Carnitine Fumarate Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking L-Carnitine Fumarate against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
L-Carnitine Fumarate is a dietary supplement by BulkSupplements.com with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for exercise performance and recovery, heart health, weight management.Based on those ingredients, 19 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are L-Carnitine Fumarate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against L-Carnitine Fumarate by BulkSupplements.com
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with L-Carnitine Fumarate by BulkSupplements.com — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of L-Carnitine Fumarate by BulkSupplements.com
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This product contains one active ingredient: L-carnitine fumarate, a compound your body naturally makes and uses to convert fat into energy. L-carnitine is especially important if your body doesn't produce enough on its own — a condition called L-carnitine deficiency.
The product comes as a powder with no inactive ingredients listed.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
L-carnitine is effective for treating L-carnitine deficiency. For other uses — high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), heart failure (congestive heart failure), and chest pain (angina) — the evidence is promising but not yet conclusive; these are rated possibly effective based on available research.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
L-carnitine is generally well tolerated at typical doses, though higher amounts can cause stomach upset, including diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps, and heartburn. A fishy body odor has also been reported.
Seizures are rare but serious. There isn't enough reliable safety data for this supplement outside medical supervision, and safety during breastfeeding hasn't been well studied — talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you're pregnant or nursing.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before you start, double-check with your pharmacist if you take a blood thinner (warfarin or acenocoumarol) — L-carnitine may make them work harder and increase bleeding risk. Also check if you're on thyroid hormone replacement, as L-carnitine may reduce how well it works.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
L-Carnitine Fumarate is straightforward if you have a deficiency or want to try it for heart health under your doctor's care. But if you take a blood thinner like warfarin or acenocoumarol, or thyroid hormone, you need to check with your pharmacist first.
Anyone using this should watch for stomach upset and start at a lower dose if digestion is sensitive.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 23, 2024.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about L-Carnitine Fumarate, straight from the product label.
| Brand | BulkSupplements.com |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | X000U2B1LL |
| Net contents | 250 Gram(s); 8.8 Ounce(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | May 23, 2024 |
| DSLD ID | 312102 |
| Product type | Non-nutrient/non-botanical |
| Supplement form | Powder |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for L-Carnitine Fumarate by BulkSupplements.com, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| L-Carnitine Fumarate | 500 mg | -- |
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)
BulkSupplements.com Clean & pure bulk supplements
Formulation
Free of: Added sugar, soy, dairy, yeast, gluten, additives
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement, take 500mg (about 1/5 tsp) one to four times daily, or as directed by a physician.
General Statements
Use an accurate milligram scale.
New
Storage
Contents are sold by weight, not volume. Settling may occur. Store in a dry, cool place
FDA Disclaimer Statement
Warning: This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Precautions
Always consult a physician before taking any dietary supplement.
Keep out of reach of children.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
L-Carnitine Fumarate by BulkSupplements.com label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in L-Carnitine Fumarate by BulkSupplements.com
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size500 mg Dosage formPowder Servings per container500 Amounts shown are per serving.
L-Carnitine Fumarate
Interacts with19 drugs
L-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most...
L-Carnitine Fumarate monograph & interactionsL-Carnitine Fumarate by BulkSupplements.com Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
L-Carnitine Fumarate by BulkSupplements.com does interact with blood thinners.
The most serious concern is with warfarin (Coumadin) and acenocoumarol (Sintrom), both oral anticoagulants — L-carnitine may increase their blood-thinning effects, raising your bleeding risk. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation (a measure of how thin your blood is) when L-carnitine was used alongside acenocoumarol.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
L-carnitine may also reduce how well thyroid hormone replacement works by blocking the hormone's entry into cells. If you take thyroid medication, your dose may need adjustment.
Altogether, these interactions span 19 individual medications. Before you start this supplement, use the medication checker below to verify your exact drugs — especially if you're on a blood thinner or thyroid hormone.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against L-Carnitine Fumarate?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in L-Carnitine Fumarate interact with 19 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in L-Carnitine Fumarate interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. L-Carnitine Fumarate
AcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateAcenocoumarol (sintrom) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Acenocoumarol interactionConjugated EstrogensCenestin, Enjuvia, Premarin, Premarin Vaginal Cream
How Conjugated Estrogens interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Conjugated Estrogens interactionDesiccated Thyroid ExtractWesthroid, WP Thyroid
How Desiccated Thyroid Extract interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Desiccated Thyroid Extract interactionDesiccated Thyroid Extract (prescription Drug)Nature-Throid, Thyrar
How Desiccated Thyroid Extract (prescription Drug) interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Desiccated Thyroid Extract (prescription Drug) interactionDextrothyroxineCholoxin
How Dextrothyroxine interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Dextrothyroxine interactionHuman Chorionic Gonadotropin (hcg)Pregnyl
How Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hcg) interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hcg) interactionLevothyroxineEltroxin, Estre, Euthyrox, Levo-T, Levolet, Levothroid +5 more
How Levothyroxine interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Levothyroxine interactionLevothyroxine SodiumErmez, Thyquidity, Tirosint-Sol
How Levothyroxine Sodium interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Levothyroxine Sodium interactionLevothyroxine, LiothyronineArmour Thyroid
How Levothyroxine, Liothyronine interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Levothyroxine, Liothyronine interactionLiothyronineCytomel
How Liothyronine interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Liothyronine interactionLiotrixEuthroid 1, Euthroid 1/2, Euthroid 3
How Liotrix interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Liotrix interactionLiotrix, T4/t3Euthroid 2
How Liotrix, T4/t3 interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Liotrix, T4/t3 interactionMenotropinsMenopur, Repronex
How Menotropins interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Menotropins interactionOspemifeneOsphena
How Ospemifene interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Ospemifene interactionTestosterone UndecanoateAndriol, Aveed, Jatenzo, Kyzatrex
How Testosterone Undecanoate interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Testosterone Undecanoate interactionThyroglobulinProloid
How Thyroglobulin interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Thyroglobulin interactionThyroid HormoneEtwon
How Thyroid Hormone interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateThyroid Hormone Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Thyroid Hormone interactionWarfarinWarfarin
How Warfarin interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Warfarin interactionWarfarin SodiumCoumadin, Panwarfin, Sofarin
How Warfarin Sodium interacts with L-Carnitine Fumarate — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
L-carnitine FumarateWarfarin (coumadin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Read the full L-carnitine Fumarate + Warfarin Sodium interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in L-Carnitine Fumarate with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
L-Carnitine Fumarate
Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation with concomitant use. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product.
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with L-carnitine and warfarin.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for L-Carnitine Fumarate, from the product label.
BulkSupplements.com
See all BulkSupplements.com products- Name
- BulkSupplements.com
- Street Address
- 7511 Eastgate Rd
- City
- Henderson
- State
- NV
- ZipCode
- 89011
- Web Address
- BulkSupplements.com
L-Carnitine Fumarate by BulkSupplements.com: Common Questions
Does L-Carnitine Fumarate by BulkSupplements.com interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
What's L-carnitine actually for?
Is L-carnitine safe for most people?
What side effects should I watch for?
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Does L-carnitine actually help with weight loss or muscle?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if L-Carnitine Fumarate is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind L-Carnitine Fumarate’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
L-Carnitine Fumarate's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 41 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
L-carnitine 41 references
- Ellaway CM, Williams K, Leonard H, et al. Rett syndrome: randomized controlled trial of L-carnitine. J Child Neurol 1999;14:162-7. PubMed
- Anon. Carnitor (levocarnitine) package insert. Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals Inc, Gaithersburg, MD. December 1999.
- Cherchi A, Lai C, Angelino F, et al. Effects of L-carnitine on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1985;23:569-72.
- Plioplys AV, Plioplys S. Amantadine and L-carnitine treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Neuropsychobiology 1997;35:16-23. PubMed
- Benvenga S, Ruggeri RM, Russo A, et al. Usefulness of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring peripheral antagonist of thyroid hormone action, in iatrogenic hyperthyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Meta
- Martinez E, Domingo P, Roca-Cusachs A. Potentiation of acenocoumarol action by L-carnitine. J Intern Med 1993;233:94.
- Bachmann HU, Hoffmann A. Interaction of food supplement L-carnitine with oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol. Swiss Med Wkly 2004;134:385. PubMed
- Evans AM, Fornasini G. Pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine. Clin Pharmacokinet 2003;42:941-67. PubMed
- 12761 Benvenga S, Amato A, Calvani M, Trimarchi F. Effects of carnitine on thyroid hormone action. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1033:158-67. PubMed
- Ciacci C, Peluso G, Iannoni E, et al. L-Carnitine in the treatment of fatigue in adult celiac disease patients: a pilot study. Dig Liver Dis 2007;39:922-8. PubMed
- Cruciani RA, Dvorkin E, Homel P, et al. Safety, tolerability and symptom outcomes associated with L-carnitine supplementation in patients with cancer, fatigue, and carnitine deficiency: a phase I/II study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2006;32:551-9. PubMed
- Lebrun C, Alchaar H, Candito M, et al. Levocarnitine administration in multiple sclerosis patients with immunosuppressive therapy-induced fatigue. Mult Scler 2006;12:321-4. PubMed
- Malaguarnera M, Cammalleri L, Gargante MP, et al. L-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1738-44. PubMed
- Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C, et al. Randomized phase III clinical trial of five different arms of treatment in 322 patients with cancer cachexia. Oncologist 2010;15:200-11.
- Angelova-Fischer I, Rippke F, Fischer TW, Neufang G, Zillikens D. A double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled efficacy assessment study of a skin care formulation for improvement of mild to moderately severe acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jul PubMed
- Hatamkhani S, Khalili H, Karimzadeh I, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Abdollahi A, Jafari S. Carnitine for prevention of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a randomized, clinical trial. J Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2014 May;29(5):997-1004. PubMed
- Boehm G, Stahl B. Oligosaccharides from milk. J Nutr 2007;137(3 Suppl 2):847S-849S.
- Van Oudheusden, L. J. and Scholte, H. R. Efficacy of carnitine in the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2002;67(1):33-38. PubMed
- Derosa, G., Cicero, A. F., Gaddi, A., Mugellini, A., Ciccarelli, L., and Fogari, R. The effect of L-carnitine on plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in hypercholesterolemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther 2003;25(5):1429-1439. PubMed
- Foitzik, K., Hoting, E., Heinrich, U., Tronnier, H., and Paus, R. Indications that topical L-carnitin-L-tartrate promotes human hair growth in vivo. J Dermatol.Sci 2007;48(2):141-144. PubMed
- Kumar, A., Singh, R. B., Saxena, M., Niaz, M. A., Josh, S. R., Chattopadhyay, P., Mechirova, V., Pella, D., and Fedacko, J. Effect of carni Q-gel (ubiquinol and carnitine) on cytokines in patients with heart failure in the Tishcon study. Acta Cardiol. 20
- Cruciani, R. A., Dvorkin, E., Homel, P., Culliney, B., Malamud, S., Lapin, J., Portenoy, R. K., and Esteban-Cruciani, N. L-carnitine supplementation in patients with advanced cancer and carnitine deficiency: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Pa PubMed
- Malaguarnera, M., Vacante, M., Avitabile, T., Malaguarnera, M., Cammalleri, L., and Motta, M. L-Carnitine supplementation reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes. Am J Clin.Nutr 2009;89(1):71-76. PubMed
- Alvarez, T. M., Guardiola, P. D., Roldan, J. O., Elviro, R., Wevers, R., and Guijarro, G. [Primary trimethylaminuria: the fish odor syndrome]. Endocrinol.Nutr. 2009;56(6):337-340.
- Wu, Z. M., Lu, X., Wang, Y. W., Sun, J., Tao, J. W., Yin, F. H., and Cheng, H. J. [Short-term medication of L-carnitine before intracytoplasmic sperm injection for infertile men with oligoasthenozoospermia]. Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue 2012;18(3):253-256.
- Tarighat, Esfanjani A., Mahdavi, R., Ebrahimi, Mameghani M., Talebi, M., Nikniaz, Z., and Safaiyan, A. The effects of magnesium, L-carnitine, and concurrent magnesium-L-carnitine supplementation in migraine prophylaxis. Biol.Trace Elem.Res 2012;150(1-3): PubMed
- DiNicolantonio, J. J., Lavie, C. J., Fares, H., Menezes, A. R., and O'Keefe, J. H. L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(6):544-551. PubMed
- Huang, W. W., Wang, M. Y., Shi, H. M., Peng, Y., Peng, C. S., Zhang, M., Li, Y., Lu, J., and Li, X. B. Comparative study of bioactive constituents in crude and processed Glycyrrhizae radix and their respective metabolic profiles in gastrointestinal tract
- Madsen KL, Preisler N, Orngreen MC, Andersen SP, Olesen JH, Lund AM, Vissing J. Patients with medium-chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency have impaired oxidation of fat during exercise but no effect of L-carnitine supplementation. J Clin Endocri
- Prohaska ES, Muzyk AJ, Rivelli SK. Levocarnitine-induced hypophosphatemia in a hemodialysis patient with acute valproic acid toxicity. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012 Winter;24(1):E18-9. PubMed
- Shang R, Sun Z, Li H. Effective dosing of L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2014 Jul 21;14:88. PubMed
- Zhang JJ, Wu ZB, Cai YJ, Ke B, Huang YJ, Qiu CP, Yang YB, Shi LY, Qin J. L-carnitine ameliorated fasting-induced fatigue, hunger, and metabolic abnormalities in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled study. Nutr J. 2014 Nov 26;13:110. PubMed
- Koeth RA, Wang Z, Levison BS, Buffa JA, Org E, Sheehy BT, Britt EB, Fu X, Wu Y, Li L, Smith JD, DiDonato JA, Chen J, Li H, Wu GD, Lewis JD, Warrier M, Brown JM, Krauss RM, Tang WH, Bushman FD, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carn
- Jun DW, Kim BI, Cho YK, Kim HJ, Kwon YO, Park SY, Han SY, Baek YH, Jung YJ, Kim HY, Kim W, Heo J, Woo HY, Hwang SG, Rim KS, Choi JY, Bae SH, Lee YS, Lim YS,Cheong JY, Cho SW, Lee BS, Kim SH, Sohn JH, Kim TY, Paik YH, Kim JK, Lee KS. Efficacy and safety of
- An JH, Kim YJ, Kim KJ, et al. L-carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with hypothyroidism on levothyroxine treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Endocr J. 2016;63(10):885-95. PubMed
- Chen N, Yang M, Zhou M, Xiao J, Guo J, He L. L-carnitine for cognitive enhancement in people without cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3:CD009374. PubMed
- Khajeh B, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Nasiri-Toosi M, Mohammadi K, Jafari A. Effects of pre-transplant L-carnitine supplementation on primary graft dysfunction in liver transplant recipients: a pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Res Pharm Sci. PubMed
- Kubota K, Uojima H, Shao X, et al. Additional L-carnitine Reduced the Risk of Hospitalization in Patients with Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy on Rifaximin. Dig Dis 2021. PubMed
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