Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Magnesium Complex Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NeoLife Nutritionals

Tablet Or Pill Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Major
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Magnesium Complex is a dietary supplement by NeoLife Nutritionals with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for high blood pressure, exercise and athletic performance, heart and circulation support.Based on those ingredients, 1,129 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Beet, Magnesium, Broccoli. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Magnesium Complex by NeoLife Nutritionals

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • “NeoLife PhytoMag Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (50 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Magnesium Complex contains 5 active ingredients: magnesium, beet, broccoli, radish, and kale, plus a proprietary NeoLife PhytoMag Blend. Magnesium is the core mineral — it supports muscle and nerve function, helps regulate blood sugar, and aids bone health.

The four plant-based ingredients (beet, broccoli, radish, kale) are whole-food concentrates that add polyphenols, nitrates, glucosinolates, and other phytonutrients. The product also contains inactive ingredients (microcrystalline cellulose, water, stearic acid, silicon dioxide, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and glycerin) that help form and preserve the tablet.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: energy production, nerve and muscle function.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Cognitive function, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Muscle cramps, Muscle strength — and 3 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Exercise-induced muscle soreness.
  • Also on file: Magnesium is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance, Muscle cramps.

Magnesium itself is effective for dyspepsia (indigestion) and constipation, and is used medically to prevent pre-eclampsia in pregnancy and to correct low magnesium (hypomagnesemia). Beet is possibly effective for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness, though evidence is mixed and limited for other uses.

Broccoli is possibly effective for colorectal cancer prevention but has insufficient evidence for breast cancer, bladder cancer, fibromyalgia, and gastric cancer. Radish and kale lack reliable evidence for their listed uses (biliary disorders, diabetes, bladder and breast cancers, inflammatory bowel disease, and menopausal symptoms) in our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Beet Broccoli Radish Kale Magnesium

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 5 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 5 of 5.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 5 of 5.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Magnesium is generally well tolerated at normal doses; most side effects are mild gastrointestinal (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting). Beet and broccoli as foods are safe, but concentrated supplements have less safety data — use caution, especially at high doses.

Red or black stools from beet are harmless; large amounts may theoretically cause low calcium or kidney issues. Broccoli concentrated extracts can cause loose stools, cramping, or abdominal pain, particularly at high doses.

Radish is safe as a food, but concentrated supplements are understudied; large amounts may irritate the stomach. Kale is a common food and generally safe.

For pregnancy: broccoli and kale are likely safe; magnesium is likely to possibly safe depending on form and dose (use only under doctor supervision); beet and radish have insufficient data — talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking concentrated supplements during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Beet Broccoli Radish Kale Magnesium

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 5 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Beet, Radish, Magnesium, Broccoli.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 1,130 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you use levodopa/carbidopa (Parkinson's disease), skeletal muscle relaxants, potassium-sparing diuretics (water pills), calcium channel blockers (blood pressure drugs), antacids or acid-reducing medications, sulfonylureas or other diabetes drugs, quinolone antibiotics, or bisphosphonates (bone-building drugs). Magnesium may reduce the effectiveness of some of these or enhance the effects of others.

No interactions are documented for kale among the ingredients we checked.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may be worth considering if you want magnesium plus plant-based phytonutrients, and you don't take Parkinson's, muscle relaxant, water pill, blood pressure, diabetes, antibiotic, or bone medication — but the ingredient list means a lot of drug interactions are possible. Check your exact medications with your doctor or pharmacist before starting, especially if you take any prescription drugs.

Pregnant or breastfeeding? Talk it over with your provider first, since concentrated plant supplements are less studied in these settings.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 14, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Magnesium Complex, straight from the product label.

Brand NeoLife Nutritionals
Barcode (UPC) 3405s
Net contents 60 Tablet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 14, 2023
DSLD ID 303267
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Magnesium Complex by NeoLife Nutritionals, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Tablet(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
3405s
IngredientAmount% DV
Beet0 NP--
NeoLife PhytoMag Blend50 mg--
Broccoli0 NP--
Radish0 NP--
Magnesium300 mg70%
Kale0 NP--

Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Water, Stearic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Glycerin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

Magnesium is an essential mineral required for over 700 biochemical reactions in the body, promoting energy production, normal psychological function, feelings of well-being, and optimal nerve and muscle function.

NeoLife Magnesium Complex is a highly bioavailable, naturally sourced, whole food based formula.

Exclusive tri-mag blend features high-potency sources, including double amino acid chelation and organically bound forms.

K (Certified Kosher)

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.

Precautions

Packaged with safety seal.

Formulation

GMO free

Based in nature

Whole food based Promotes energy production, heart health, muscle function & balanced mood

Made in U.S.A.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Take 1-2 tablets per day.

General Statements

Not sold in retail stores. Available exclusively from NeoLife promoters.

Leading edge nutrition since 1958. Based in nature, backed by science.

Seals/Symbols

SAB Scientific Advisory Board NeoLife Scientific Advisory Board

See for yourself

Magnesium Complex by NeoLife Nutritionals label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Magnesium Complex by NeoLife Nutritionals

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

NeoLife PhytoMag Blend

50 mg per serving

Magnesium

Interacts with
295 drugs
300 mg per serving Form: NeoLife Tri-Mag Blend

Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preven...

Magnesium monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Water, Stearic Acid, Silicon Dioxide, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Glycerin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Magnesium Complex by NeoLife Nutritionals Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Magnesium Complex?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,129Drugs
6 Major 924 Moderate 199 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Beet 861
Magnesium 295
Broccoli 187
Radish 86

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Magnesium Complex with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Beet3 drug types · 861 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that betanin, the major pigment in beet, competitively inhibits CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner similarly to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Beet and beetroot contain nitrates, which can cause vasodilation, potentially leading to lower blood pressure. However, a study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition using concentrated beetroot juice found no significant impact on blood pressure or heart rate in different age groups. Other small clinical studies suggest that while beet consumption might transiently lower blood pressure due to vessel dilation, there's no consistent evidence of a lasting effect. Overall, the theoretical risk of reduced blood pressure due to beet's nitrate content exists, but studies generally indicate a low and temporary impact rather than a sustained decrease.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that beet induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Magnesium15 drug types · 295 drugs

Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)

Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking magnesium oxide 1000 mg with levodopa 100 mg/carbidopa 10 mg reduces the area under the curve (AUC) of levodopa by 35% and of carbidopa by 81%. In vitro and animal research shows that magnesium produces an alkaline environment in the digestive tract, which might lead to degradation and reduced bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

Concomitant use of aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium can increase the risk for neuromuscular weakness.
Both aminoglycosides and magnesium reduce presynaptic acetylcholine release, which can lead to neuromuscular blockade and possible paralysis. This is most likely to occur with high doses of magnesium given intravenously.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antacids

Use of acid reducers may reduce the laxative effect of magnesium oxide.
A retrospective analysis shows that, in the presence of H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a higher dose of magnesium oxide is needed for a laxative effect. This may also occur with antacids. Under acidic conditions, magnesium oxide is converted to magnesium chloride and then to magnesium bicarbonate, which has an osmotic laxative effect. By reducing acidity, antacids may reduce the conversion of magnesium oxide to the active bicarbonate salt.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Magnesium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after magnesium containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bisphosphonates

Magnesium can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Cations, including magnesium, can decrease bisphosphonate absorption. Advise patients to separate doses of magnesium and these drugs by at least 2 hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcium Channel Blockers

Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Magnesium inhibits calcium entry into smooth muscle cells and may therefore have additive effects with calcium channel blockers. Severe hypotension and neuromuscular blockades may occur when nifedipine is used with intravenous magnesium, although some contradictory evidence suggests that concurrent use of magnesium with nifedipine does not increase the risk of neuromuscular weakness. High doses of magnesium could theoretically have additive effects with other calcium channel blockers.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin

Magnesium salts may reduce absorption of digoxin.
Clinical evidence suggests that treatment with oral magnesium hydroxide or magnesium trisilicate reduces absorption of digoxin from the intestines. This may reduce the blood levels of digoxin and decrease its therapeutic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Potassium-sparing diuretics decrease excretion of magnesium, possibly increasing magnesium levels.
Potassium-sparing diuretics also have magnesium-sparing properties, which can counteract the magnesium losses associated with loop and thiazide diuretics. Theoretically, increased magnesium levels could result from concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics and magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Quinolone Antibiotics

Magnesium decreases absorption of quinolones.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with quinolones and decrease their absorption. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Parenteral magnesium shortens the time to onset of skeletal muscle relaxants by about 1 minute and prolongs the duration of action by about 2 minutes. Magnesium potentiates the effects of skeletal muscle relaxants by decreasing calcium-mediated release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals, reducing postsynaptic sensitivity to acetylcholine, and having a direct effect on the membrane potential of myocytes. Magnesium also has vasodilatory actions and increases cardiac output, allowing a greater amount of muscle relaxant to reach the motor end plate. A clinical study found that low-dose rocuronium (0.45 mg/kg), when given after administration of magnesium 30 mg/kg over 10 minutes, has an accelerated onset of effect, which matches the onset of effect seen with a full-dose rocuronium regimen (0.6 mg/kg). In another clinical study, onset times for rocuronium doses of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg were 86, 76, and 50 seconds, respectively, when given alone, but were reduced to 66, 44, and 38 seconds, respectively, when the doses were given after a 15-minute infusion of magnesium sulfate 60 mg/kg. Giving intraoperative intravenous magnesium sulfate, 50 mg/kg loading dose followed by 15 mg/kg/hour, reduces the onset time of rocuronium, enhances its clinical effects, reduces the dose of intraoperative opiates, and prolongs the spontaneous recovery time. It does not affect the activity of subsequently administered neostigmine.

Likelihood Probable Evidence A
Sulfonylureas

Magnesium increases the systemic absorption of sulfonylureas, increasing their effects and side effects.
Clinical research shows that administration of magnesium hydroxide with glyburide increases glyburide absorption, increases maximal insulin response by 35-fold, and increases the risk of hypoglycemia, when compared with glyburide alone. A similar interaction occurs between magnesium hydroxide and glipizide. The mechanism of this effect appears to be related to the elevation of gastrointestinal pH by magnesium-based antacids, increasing solubility and enhancing absorption of sulfonylureas.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Magnesium decreases absorption of tetracyclines.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with tetracyclines in the gut and decrease their absorption and antibacterial activity. Advise patients to take these drugs 1 hour before or 2 hours after magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
In vitro evidence shows that magnesium sulfate inhibits platelet aggregation, even at low concentrations. Some preliminary clinical evidence shows that infusion of magnesium sulfate increases bleeding time by 48% and reduces platelet activity. However, other clinical research shows that magnesium does not affect platelet aggregation, although inhibition of platelet-dependent thrombosis can occur.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Gabapentin absorption can be decreased by magnesium.
Clinical research shows that giving magnesium oxide orally along with gabapentin decreases the maximum plasma concentration of gabapentin by 33%, time to maximum concentration by 36%, and area under the curve by 43%. Advise patients to take gabapentin at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Sevelamer (Renagel, Renvela)

Sevelamer may increase serum magnesium levels.
In patients on hemodialysis, sevelamer use was associated with a 0.28 mg/dL increase in serum magnesium. The mechanism of this interaction remains unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Broccoli2 drug types · 187 drugs

Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of fresh broccoli daily for 6-12 days can increase CYP1A2 activity by 10% to 200%. Induction of CYP1A2 activity by broccoli is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (Cyp2A6) Substrates

Theoretically, broccoli might reduce the levels and effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2A6.
Pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that eating 500 grams of broccoli daily for 6 days increases CYP2A6 activity by 135% to 550%. Induction of CYP2A6 activity is attributed to its glucosinolate constituents.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B

Radish1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, radish might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that radish extract, juice, and sprouts can reduce glucose levels. Animal research also shows that radish root juice 300 mg/kg reduces fasting and postprandial blood glucose in a rat model of diabetes, with effects similar to glibenclamide.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Magnesium Complex, from the product label.

NeoLife Nutritionals

See all NeoLife Nutritionals products
Name
NeoLife International, LLC
City
Santa Clara
State
CA
ZipCode
95054
Web Address
NeoLife.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Magnesium Complex by NeoLife Nutritionals: Common Questions

Does Magnesium Complex by NeoLife Nutritionals interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Magnesium Complex has a known interaction with 1,129 medications, including 6 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Magnesium Complex contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does magnesium really help constipation?
Yes — magnesium is rated effective for constipation in clinical research. It works as a natural osmotic laxative (draws water into the intestines). However, acid-reducing heartburn medications or antacids can interfere with this effect, so you may need a higher dose if you take those.
What's the red or black stool I might see?
That's from beet — the natural pigment passes through your system and isn't harmful. One case report mentioned black stools in an older patient on blood thinners who took beet pills, but no serious bleeding was confirmed. Still, if you're on blood thinners, mention beet supplements to your doctor.
Can I take this during pregnancy?
Magnesium is often used in pregnancy under medical supervision (it helps prevent pre-eclampsia). Broccoli and kale are likely safe as foods. Beet and radish lack enough safety data in concentrated form — so talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product in pregnancy rather than taking the supplement on your own.
Is broccoli really helpful for cancer prevention?
Broccoli is possibly effective for colorectal cancer prevention according to the data we hold. For breast, bladder, and stomach cancers, the evidence isn't strong enough to rate. If you're concerned about cancer prevention, talk with your doctor about what the current research supports for your situation.
Will this product interfere with my blood pressure medication?
Possibly — magnesium in this formula can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers (a common blood pressure drug class), potentially lowering your pressure more than intended. Your doctor may need to monitor your blood pressure or adjust your dose. Check the ingredient list of your blood pressure drug with your pharmacist.
Can I take this with my diabetes medication?
Not without checking first. Magnesium can increase the effect of sulfonylurea diabetes drugs (raising the risk of low blood sugar), and radish may lower blood sugar on its own. Your doctor may need to adjust your diabetes medication dose or monitor your blood sugar more closely.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Magnesium Complex label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Magnesium Complex’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Magnesium Complex's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 108 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Beet 14 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Clifford T, Berntzen B, Davison GW, et al. Effects of beetroot juice on recovery of muscle function and performance between bouts of repeated sprint exercise. Nutrients 2016;8. pii: E506. PubMed
  3. Siervo M, Lara J, Ogbonmwan I, Mathers JC. Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr 2013;143:818-26. PubMed
  4. Clifford T, Howatson G, West DJ, Stevenson EJ. Beetroot juice is more beneficial than sodium nitrate for attenuating muscle pain after strenuous eccentric-bias exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017;42(11):1185-1191. PubMed
  5. Clifford T, Bell O, West DJ, Howatson G, Stevenson EJ. The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on indices of muscle damage following eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(2):353-62. PubMed
  6. Wylie LJ, Kelly J, Bailey SJ, et al. Beetroot juice and exercise: pharmacodynamic and dose-response relationships. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013;115(3):325-36. PubMed
  7. Garnacho-Castaño MV, Palau-Salvà G, Cuenca E, et al. Effects of a single dose of beetroot juice on cycling time trial performance at ventilatory thresholds intensity in male triathletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15(1):49. PubMed
  8. Rasica L, Porcelli S, Marzorati M, et al. Ergogenic effects of beetroot juice supplementation during severe-intensity exercise in obese adolescents. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2018;315(3):R453-R460. PubMed
  9. Henrohn D, Björkstrand K, Lundberg JO, et al. Effects of oral supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension-results from BEET-PAH, an exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crosso
  10. Serra-Payá N, Garnacho-Castaño MV, Sánchez-Nuño S, et al. The relationship between resistance exercise performance and ventilatory efficiency after beetroot juice intake in well-trained athletes. Nutrients 2021;13(4):1094. PubMed
  11. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
  12. Hemmatinafar M, Zaremoayedi L, Koushkie Jahromi M, et al. Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players. Nutrients 2023;15(17):3763. PubMed
  13. Lim SH, Bae S, Lee HS, Han HK, Choi CI. Effect of Betanin, the Major Pigment of Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), on the Activity of Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023;16(9):1224. PubMed
  14. Oscherwitz M, Tamayo RM, Heudebert A, Centor R. A Case of Pseudo-Hematochezia from Beet Supplement Ingestion. Am J Med 2023;136(9):e177-e178. PubMed

See these in context on the Beet monograph →

Broccoli 5 references
  1. Kristal AR, Lampe JW. Brassica vegetables and prostate cancer risk: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutr Cancer 2002;42:1-9. PubMed
  2. Chakrabarti A, Prais L, Foulds IS. Allergic contact dermatitis to broccoli. Br J Dermatol 2003;148:172-3. PubMed
  3. Hakooz, N. and Hamdan, I. Effects of dietary broccoli on human in vivo caffeine metabolism: a pilot study on a group of Jordanian volunteers. Curr Drug Metab 2007;8(1):9-15. PubMed
  4. Kall MA, Vang O, Clausen J. Effects of dietary broccoli on human drug metabolising activity. Cancer Lett. 1997;114(1-2):169-70. PubMed
  5. Bauman JE, Hsu CH, Centuori S, et al. Randomized Crossover Trial Evaluating Detoxification of Tobacco Carcinogens by Broccoli Seed and Sprout Extract in Current Smokers. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(9):2129. Published 2022 Apr 24. PubMed

See these in context on the Broccoli monograph →

Radish 5 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Damiani E, Aloia AM, Priore MG, Nardulli S, Ferrannini A. Generalized urticaria after ingestion of Raphanus sativus. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011 Feb;106(2):168. PubMed
  3. Evans M, Paterson E, Barnes DM. An open label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of Spanish black radish on the induction of phase I and phase II enzymes in healthy male subjects. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Dec 9;14:475. PubMed
  4. Banihani SA. Radish (Raphanus sativus) and diabetes. Nutrients. 2017;9(9). pii: E1014. PubMed
  5. Shukla S, Chatterji S, Mehta S, Rai PK, Singh RK, Yadav DK, Watal G. Antidiabetic effect of Raphanus sativus root juice. Pharm Biol. 2011 Jan;49(1):32-7.

See these in context on the Radish monograph →

Magnesium 82 references
  1. Rodin SM, Johnson BF. Pharmacokinetic interactions with digoxin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1988;15:227-44.
  2. Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
  3. Dahle LO, Berg G, Hammar M, et al. The effect of oral magnesium substitution on pregnancy-induced leg cramps. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:175-80. PubMed
  4. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  5. Peikert A, Wilimzig C, Kohne-Volland R. Prophylaxis of migraine with oral magnesium: results from a prospective, multi-center, placebo-controlled and double-blind randomized study. Cephalalgia 1996;16:257-63. PubMed
  6. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309063507/html/index.html.
  7. Birrer RB, Shallash AJ, Totten V. Hypermagnesemia-induced fatality following epsom salt gargles. J Emerg Med 2002;22:185-8. PubMed
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See these in context on the Magnesium monograph →

Kale 2 references
  1. Vitamin K - Health Professional Fact Sheet — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source
  2. Lutein and Zeaxanthin — NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Source

See these in context on the Kale monograph →

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