Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Nail-EX Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Physician's Strength

Nail-EX label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Nail-EX against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Nail-EX is a dietary supplement by Physician's Strength with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for heart health, high blood pressure, high cholesterol.Based on those ingredients, 1,079 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Clove bud Oil, Bay Leaf Oil, Wild Mediterranean Oregano Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against Nail-EX by Physician's Strength

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Nail-EX by Physician's Strength — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Nail-EX by Physician's Strength

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 27, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (50 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Nail-EX contains four active ingredients: extra virgin olive oil, clove bud oil, wild Mediterranean oregano oil, and bay leaf oil, blended together. There are no other inactive ingredients listed.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: healthy nails and skin.
  • We looked for evidence on: Psoriasis, Seborrheic dermatitis, Tinea pedis, Wound healing, nail fungus, onychomycosis — and 2 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Oregano is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Seborrheic dermatitis (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Oregano is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Psoriasis, Wound healing, Tinea pedis.

The evidence for these ingredients isn't established in the data we hold. Extra virgin olive oil, clove, oregano, and bay leaf have been studied for various uses — from osteoporosis and dyspepsia to cough, pain, acne, and upper respiratory infections — but the research is too limited or inconsistent to support a clear effectiveness rating for any of them in those areas.

One exception: clove may be possibly effective for ventilator-associated pneumonia based on available data, though this applies to a narrow clinical setting.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Olive Clove Oregano Bay Leaf

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Extra virgin olive oil, clove, oregano, and bay leaf are all well tolerated in food amounts. When used as concentrated supplements or oils at medicinal doses, the safety picture is less clear.

Clove oil is particularly risky in large amounts — doses of just 5–10 mL have been toxic in children, and serious cases including liver failure, seizure, and CNS depression have been reported. Oregano oil can rarely trigger systemic allergic reactions including anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals.

Bay leaf is safe as a food seasoning but the whole, intact leaf can cause choking or intestinal perforation. Topically, these oils may cause skin irritation, dermatitis, or contact reactions in some people.

Oregano is rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy; clove is likely safe; bay leaf and olive have insufficient data — talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Olive Clove Oregano Bay Leaf

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Clove, Oregano, Bay Leaf.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,080 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before using Nail-EX if you take antidiabetes drugs (blood sugar medications), because clove, oregano, and bay leaf may lower glucose levels and increase hypoglycemia risk. Moderate caution also applies if you're on blood thinners (anticoagulants) or antiplatelet drugs, sedatives (CNS depressants), or narcotics — clove and oregano may increase bleeding risk, and bay leaf may enhance sedative or narcotic effects.

Additionally, clove oil may raise blood levels of medications metabolized by your liver's CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, or CYP2C9 systems.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Nail-EX is a blend of four plant oils used traditionally for nail health, but the evidence supporting their effectiveness is not established in our data. The main concern is the potential for moderate interactions with blood sugar medications, blood thinners, sedatives, and certain liver-metabolized drugs.

If you take any prescription medications, especially for diabetes, blood clotting, or sleep, check them against this product with your doctor or pharmacist before you start.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 23, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Nail-EX, straight from the product label.

Brand Physician's Strength
Barcode (UPC) 850032454520
Net contents 1 Fluid Ounce(s); 30 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 23, 2022
DSLD ID 268702
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Nail-EX by Physician's Strength, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
20 Drop(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
20 Drop(s)
Servings per container
43
UPC/BARCODE
850032454520
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Blend50 mg--
Extra Virgin Olive Oil0 NP--
Clove bud Oil0 NP--
Wild Mediterranean Oregano Oil0 NP--
Bay Leaf Oil0 NP--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions for internal or topical use: To support healthy nails and/or to beautify healthy nails rub vigorously into nail beds once or twice daily. To improve penetration remove any thickened or dead nail tissue or dead skin. Also take under the tongue 20 drops once daily.

Rub it on nails and feet daily.

Formulation

Nail-EX consists of the most powerful blend of aromatic wild spice oils known for beautifying toenails and fingernails as well as the skin of the feet. Tested at Georgetown University this is the wild spice power you need.

Toenail & fingernail formula For healthy nails & skin

Doctor's formula

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Seals/Symbols

CRC Kosher

Formula

CRC Kosher

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Nail-EX by Physician's Strength label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Nail-EX label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Nail-EX by Physician's Strength

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size20 Drop(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container43 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

50 mg per serving
Interaction report

Nail-EX by Physician's Strength Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Nail-EX?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,079Drugs
1,079 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Clove bud Oil 977
Bay Leaf Oil 335
Wild Mediterranean Oregano Oil 208

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Nail-EX interact with 1,079 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in Nail-EX interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Clove bud Oil Bay Leaf Oil Wild Mediterranean Oregano Oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Nail-EX with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Clove bud Oil7 drug types · 977 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical and laboratory research suggest that polyphenol extracts from clove flower buds might lower blood glucose levels. Dosing adjustments for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be necessary when taken with clove. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP1A2 in a dose-dependent manner,. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, inhibits CYP2C9 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP2D6 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that eugenol, a constituent of clove, has antiplatelet activity. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)

Theoretically, topical application of clove oil with ibuprofen might increase the absorption and side effects of topical ibuprofen.
Laboratory research shows that topical application of clove oil increases the absorption of topical ibuprofen. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Clove bud Oil full monograph & interactions

Bay Leaf Oil3 drug types · 335 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Concomitant use of bay leaf with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Preliminary clinical research shows that bay leaf can lower blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes who are already taking antidiabetes medication. Advise patients to monitor glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments may be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, taking bay leaf in large amounts may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of sedatives.
Bay leaf contains methyl eugenol. Animal research shows that methyl eugenol has sedative properties. Avoid concomitant use.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Narcotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking bay leaf in large amounts may enhance the therapeutic and adverse effects of narcotics. Avoid concomitant use.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Bay Leaf Oil full monograph & interactions

Wild Mediterranean Oregano Oil2 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro research shows that aristolochic acid isolated from oregano leaves has antithrombin activity. It has also been reported that oregano oil inhibits arachidonic acid-induced, and ADP-induced, platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, oregano might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
In vitro and animal research shows that oregano extracts might lower blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Wild Mediterranean Oregano Oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Nail-EX, from the product label.

Physician's Strength

See all Physician's Strength products
Name
Physician's Strength
Street Address
13900 W. Polo Trail Drive
City
Lake Forest
State
IL
ZipCode
60045
Phone Number
1-800-473-8460
Web Address
www.physicians-strength.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Nail-EX by Physician's Strength: Common Questions

Does Nail-EX by Physician's Strength interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Nail-EX has a known interaction with 1,079 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Nail-EX contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is Nail-EX safe to use if I'm pregnant?
Oregano in this product is rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy at medicinal doses. Clove is likely safe, and bay leaf and olive oil have insufficient safety data for pregnancy — there just isn't enough information known. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're pregnant; they can advise you based on your specific situation.
Can I use Nail-EX if I'm breastfeeding?
The safety of these concentrated oils while breastfeeding isn't well studied. Food amounts of oregano, clove, bay leaf, and olive oil are fine, but medicinal doses in a supplement aren't established as safe. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product.
What are the most common side effects?
When used topically, the oils may cause burning, itching, contact dermatitis, or skin irritation. Orally in food amounts, clove and oregano are generally well tolerated, though topical clove can irritate mucous membranes and cause tingling or ulcers. Oregano and bay leaf at larger doses may cause gastrointestinal upset.
Does this product actually work for nails?
The ingredients in Nail-EX have not been studied enough to confirm whether they improve nail health. While these oils are used traditionally, our data shows insufficient reliable evidence to rate their effectiveness for this purpose.
Is clove oil safe at the amount in this product?
Clove is safe in food amounts; however, clove oil in doses of only 5–10 mL can be toxic, especially in children. We don't know the exact dose in Nail-EX, so it's important to follow the label instructions and not exceed them. Keep it away from children and talk with your pharmacist if you have questions about the dose.
Can I use this with ibuprofen (Advil)?
If you apply Nail-EX topically and also use topical ibuprofen on the same area, clove oil may theoretically increase how much ibuprofen your skin absorbs — though this hasn't been reported in humans yet. To be safe, apply them to different areas or talk with your pharmacist about timing.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Nail-EX is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Nail-EX label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Nail-EX’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Olive

Olive comes from the same tree that gives us olives and olive oil, and its leaf and fruit contain antioxidant compounds like oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. Olive oil as part of a Mediterrane...

Read the full Olive monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Clove

Interacts with 977 drugs

Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main compound, eugenol. Food amounts are general...

Read the full Clove monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Oregano

Interacts with 208 drugs

Oregano is a common Mediterranean cooking herb that is also sold as a concentrated oil or supplement, often standardized for a compound called carvacrol. While lab studies suggest it may hav...

Read the full Oregano monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bay Leaf

Interacts with 335 drugs

Bay leaf is a common culinary herb that is safe in the small amounts used in cooking. Some people take it for digestion, blood sugar, or colds, but strong human evidence for these uses is la...

Read the full Bay Leaf monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Nail-EX's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 47 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Olive 2 references
  1. Liccardi G, D'Amato M, D'Amato G. Oleaceae pollinosis: a review. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1996;111:210-7. PubMed
  2. Somerville V, Moore R, Braakhuis A. The effect of olive leaf extract on upper respiratory illness in high school athletes: A randomised control trial. Nutrients. 2019;11(2). pii: E358. PubMed

See these in context on the Olive monograph →

Clove 26 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  3. Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62. PubMed
  4. Chen SJ, Wang MH, Chen IJ. Antiplatelet and calcium inhibitory properties of eugenol and sodium eugenol acetate. Gen Pharmacol 1996;27:629-33. PubMed
  5. Malson JL, Lee EM, Murty R, et al. Clove cigarette smoking: biochemical, physiological, and subjective effects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;74:739-45. PubMed
  6. Kirsch CM, Yenokida GG, Jensen WA, et al. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema due to the intravenous administration of clove oil. Thorax 1990;45:235-6. PubMed
  7. Pallares, D. E. Link between clove cigarettes and urticaria? Postgrad.Med 10-1-1999;106(4):153. PubMed
  8. Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999;36(5):625-629. PubMed
  9. Sanchez-Perez, J. and Garcia-Diez, A. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from eugenol, oil of cinnamon and oil of cloves in a physiotherapist. Contact Dermatitis 1999;41(6):346-347. PubMed
  10. Andersen, K. E., Johansen, J. D., Bruze, M., Frosch, P. J., Goossens, A., Lepoittevin, J. P., Rastogi, S., White, I., and Menne, T. The time-dose-response relationship for elicitation of contact dermatitis in isoeugenol allergic individuals. Toxicol.Appl PubMed
  11. Alqareer, A., Alyahya, A., and Andersson, L. The effect of clove and benzocaine versus placebo as topical anesthetics. J Dent 2006;34(10):747-750. PubMed
  12. Lane, B. W., Ellenhorn, M. J., Hulbert, T. V., and McCarron, M. Clove oil ingestion in an infant. Hum.Exp Toxicol. 1991;10(4):291-294. PubMed
  13. Quirce, S., Fernandez-Nieto, M., del, Pozo, V, Sastre, B., and Sastre, J. Occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by eugenol in a hairdresser. Allergy 2008;63(1):137-138. PubMed
  14. Srivastava, K. C. and Malhotra, N. Acetyl eugenol, a component of oil of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) inhibits aggregation and alters arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1991;42(1):73-81. PubMed
  15. Dyrbye, B. A., Dubois, L., Vink, R., and Horn, J. A patient with clove oil intoxication. Anaesth.Intensive Care 2012;40(2):365-366.
  16. Guidotti, T. L., Laing, L., and Prakash, U. B. Clove cigarettes. The basis for concern regarding health effects. West J Med 1989;151(2):220-228.
  17. Anonymous. Evaluation of the health hazard of clove cigarettes. Council on Scientific Affairs. JAMA 12-23-1988;260(24):3641-3644. DOI
  18. Romaguera, C., Alomar, A., Camarasa, J. M., Garcia, Bravo B., Garcia, Perez A., Grimalt, F., Guerra, P., Lopez, Gorretcher B., Pascual, A. M., Miranda, A., and . Contact dermatitis in children. Contact Dermatitis 1985;12(5):283-284. PubMed
  19. Hackett, P. H., Rodriguez, G., and Roach, R. C. Clove cigarettes and high-altitude pulmonary edema. JAMA 6-28-1985;253(24):3551-3552. DOI
  20. Isaacs, G. Permanent local anaesthesia and anhidrosis after clove oil spillage. Lancet 4-16-1983;1(8329):882. PubMed
  21. Saeed, S. A. and Gilani, A. H. Antithrombotic activity of clove oil. J Pak Med Assoc 1994;44(5):112-115.
  22. Hartnoll, G., Moore, D., and Douek, D. Near fatal ingestion of oil of cloves. Arch.Dis Child 1993;69(3):392-393. PubMed
  23. Srivastava, K. C. Antiplatelet principles from a food spice clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) [corrected]. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1993;48(5):363-372.
  24. Jiang Q, Wu Y, Zhang H, et al. Development of essential oils as skin permeation enhancers: penetration enhancement effect and mechanism of action. Pharmaceutical Biol. 2017;55(1):1592-1600. PubMed
  25. Mohan R, Jose S, Mulakkal J, Karpinsky-Semper D, Swick AG, Krishnakumar IM. Water-soluble polyphenol-rich clove extract lowers pre- and post-prandial blood glucose levels in healthy and prediabetic volunteers: an open label pilot study. BMC Complement Alt PubMed
  26. Alharbi NFM, Ahad A, Bin Jardan YA, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of eugenol on cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 activity in human liver microsomes. Saudi Pharm J 2024;32(7):102118. PubMed

See these in context on the Clove monograph →

Oregano 12 references
  1. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  2. Benito M, Jorro G, Morales C, et al. Labiatae allergy: systemic reactions due to ingestion of oregano and thyme. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1996;76:416-8. PubMed
  3. Chevallier A. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. 2nd ed. New York, NY: DK Publ, Inc., 2000.
  4. Ciganda C, and Laborde A. Herbal infusions used for induced abortion. J Toxicol.Clin Toxicol. 2003;41:235-239. PubMed
  5. Futrell, J. M. and Rietschel, R. L. Spice allergy evaluated by results of patch tests. Cutis 1993;52(5):288-290.
  6. Tognolini, M., Barocelli, E., Ballabeni, V., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., Chiavarini, M., and Impicciatore, M. Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. Life Sci. 2-23-2006;78(13):1419-1432. PubMed
  7. Goun, E., Cunningham, G., Solodnikov, S., Krasnykch, O., and Miles, H. Antithrombin activity of some constituents from Origanum vulgare. Fitoterapia 2002;73(7-8):692-694. PubMed
  8. Lemhadri, A., Zeggwagh, N. A., Maghrani, M., Jouad, H., and Eddouks, M. Anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the aqueous extract of Origanum vulgare growing wild in Tafilalet region. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004;92(2-3):251-256. PubMed
  9. McCue, P., Vattem, D., and Shetty, K. Inhibitory effect of clonal oregano extracts against porcine pancreatic amylase in vitro. Asia Pac.J Clin.Nutr. 2004;13(4):401-408.
  10. Ragi, J., Pappert, A., Rao, B., Havkin-Frenkel, D., and Milgraum, S. Oregano extract ointment for wound healing: a randomized, double-blind, petrolatum-controlled study evaluating efficacy. J.Drugs Dermatol. 2011;10(10):1168-1172.
  11. Singletary K. Oregano: overview of the literature on health benefits. Nutrition Today 2010;45(3):129-38.
  12. Silva MLAE, Lucarini R, Dos Santos FF, et al. Hypoglycemic effect of rosmarinic acid-rich infusion (RosCE) from Origanum vulgare in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Nat Prod Res 2022;36(17):4525-4531.

See these in context on the Oregano monograph →

Bay Leaf 7 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. Cartier LC, Lehrer A, Malo JL. Occupational asthma caused by aromatic herbs. Allergy 1996;51:647-9. DOI
  3. Adisen E, Onder M. Allergic contact dermatitis from Laurus nobilis oil induced by massage. Contact Dermatitis 2007;56:360-1.
  4. Ozden, M. G., Oztas, P., Oztas, M. O., and Onder, M. Allergic contact dermatitis from Laurus nobilis (laurel) oil. Contact Dermatitis 2001;45(3):178. PubMed
  5. Khan, A., Zaman, G., and Anderson, R. A. Bay leaves improve glucose and lipid profile of people with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Biochem.Nutr. 2009;44(1):52-56. PubMed
  6. Cheminat, A., Stampf, J. L., and Benezra, C. Allergic contact dermatitis to laurel (Laurus nobilis L.): isolation and identification of haptens. Arch Dermatol Res 1984;276(3):178-181. PubMed
  7. Vassileva S, Darlenski R. Bay leaf phytodermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 2020 Nov 15. PubMed

See these in context on the Bay Leaf monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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