Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Dr. Mercola
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs is a dietary supplement by Dr. Mercola with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for circulation and vein health, antioxidant support, skin health and aging.Based on those ingredients, 327 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Pine Bark Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs by Dr. Mercola
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs by Dr. Mercola — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs by Dr. Mercola
Four independent checks of what is known — a summary of the available information, not a grade of the product itself.
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
None of the active ingredients could be matched to our evidence database, so intended use can't be graded.
Why this rating?
- None of the active ingredients could be matched to a HelloPharmacist monograph, so intended use can't be graded against our evidence data.
Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.
Why this rating?
- The label discloses an exact amount for 1 of its 1 active ingredient.
- “Pine Bark Extract” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (100 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
None of the active ingredients could be matched to our interaction database.
Why this rating?
- We couldn't match any ingredient to a HelloPharmacist monograph, so there was nothing to check interactions against.
None of the active ingredients could be matched to our safety data.
Why this rating?
- We couldn't match any ingredient to a HelloPharmacist monograph, so there was no safety data to measure.
HelloPharmacist summaryFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Medication interactions could not be assessed, and safety information could not be assessed.
Assessment coverage: 0 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 23, 2025.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Dr. Mercola |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 810487039260 |
| Net contents | 60 Tablet(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Feb 23, 2025 |
| DSLD ID | 327198 |
| Product type | Other Combinations |
| Supplement form | Tablet Or Pill |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Organic |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs by Dr. Mercola, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins | 60 mg | -- |
| Pine Bark Extract | 100 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Agave Fiber, Rice hull, Gum Acacia, Guar Gum, Rice Bran Extract, Tapioca Maltodextrin, Sunflower Oil, Agave Syrup, Sunflower Lecithin, Palm Oil
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: Adults, as a dietary supplement, take one (1) tablet, twice daily.
Precautions
Keep out of reach of children.
Do not use if safety seal is broken.
If you are nursing, pregnant, taking medication or have a medical condition, consult your physician before taking this product.
Seals/Symbols
USDA Organic
Formulation
USDA Organic
Certified Organic by: Quality Assurance International
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
General Statements
Providing quality products since 2001.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs by Dr. Mercola label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs by Dr. Mercola
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.
Pine Bark Extract
Interacts with327 drugs
Maritime pine bark extract (often sold as Pycnogenol) is a plant-based antioxidant most studied for circulation, vein, and skin health. Some research...
Pine Bark Extract monograph & interactions- › Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins
Other (inactive) ingredients: Agave Fiber, Rice hull, Gum Acacia, Guar Gum, Rice Bran Extract, Tapioca Maltodextrin, Sunflower Oil, Agave Syrup, Sunflower Lecithin, Palm Oil. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs by Dr. Mercola Drug Interactions
Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs contains a single active ingredient, and it has known interactions with 327 medications. Here’s the picture, then you can look up your own drug.
Want to check YOUR meds against Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs interact with 327 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Pine Bark Extract
EculizumabSoliris
How Eculizumab interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Eculizumab interactionEdoxabanSavaysa
How Edoxaban interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Edoxaban interactionEfalizumabRaptiva
How Efalizumab interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Efalizumab interactionEffientPrasugrel
How Effient interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Effient interactionEfgartigimod Alfa-fcabVyvgart
How Efgartigimod Alfa-fcab interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Efgartigimod Alfa-fcab interactionElranatamabElrexfio
How Elranatamab interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Elranatamab interactionEmapalumab-lzsgGamifant
How Emapalumab-lzsg interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Emapalumab-lzsg interactionEmpagliflozinJardiance
How Empagliflozin interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Empagliflozin interactionEmpagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin HydrochlorideTrijardy XR
How Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionEmpagliflozin, MetforminSynjardy
How Empagliflozin, Metformin interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Empagliflozin, Metformin interactionEmpagliflozin, Metformin HydrochlorideSynjardy XR
How Empagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Empagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionEnoxaparinLovenox
How Enoxaparin interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Enoxaparin interactionEpcoritamab-byspEpkinly
How Epcoritamab-bysp interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Epcoritamab-bysp interactionEptifibatideIntegrilin
How Eptifibatide interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Eptifibatide interactionErtugliflozinSteglatro
How Ertugliflozin interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Ertugliflozin interactionErtugliflozin, Metformin HydrochlorideSegluromet
How Ertugliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Ertugliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionEsomeprazole, NaproxenVimovo
How Esomeprazole, Naproxen interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Esomeprazole, Naproxen interactionEtanercept-szzsErelzi
How Etanercept-szzs interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Etanercept-szzs interactionEtanercept-ykroEticovo
How Etanercept-ykro interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Etanercept-ykro interactionEtrasimodVelsipity
How Etrasimod interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Etrasimod interactionExenatideBydureon, Byetta
How Exenatide interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Exenatide interactionExenatide SyntheticBydureon BCISE
How Exenatide Synthetic interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Exenatide Synthetic interactionFamotidine, IbuprofenDuexis
How Famotidine, Ibuprofen interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Famotidine, Ibuprofen interactionFingolimodGilenya, Tascenso ODT
How Fingolimod interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Fingolimod interactionFish Oil TriglyceridesOmegaven
How Fish Oil Triglycerides interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Fish Oil Triglycerides interactionFludrocortisoneFlorinef Acetate
How Fludrocortisone interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Fludrocortisone interactionFluorouracil (iv)Fluorouracil
How Fluorouracil (iv) interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Fluorouracil (iv) interactionFlupenthixolFluanxol
How Flupenthixol interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Flupenthixol interactionFondaparinuxArixtra
How Fondaparinux interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Fondaparinux interactionFostamatinibTavalisse
How Fostamatinib interacts with Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Pine Bark ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pine Bark Extract + Fostamatinib interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Pine Bark Extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Clinical research suggests that maritime pine bark extract inhibits platelet aggregation. However, the clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
One clinical study shows that maritime pine bark extract decreases blood sugar in patients with diabetes being treated with antidiabetes agents. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
In vitro and animal research suggests that maritime pine bark extract has immunostimulant activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs, from the product label.
Dr. Mercola
See all Dr. Mercola products- Name
- NHP
- Street Address
- 125 SW 3rd Place
- City
- Cape Coral
- State
- FL
- ZipCode
- 33991
- Phone Number
- (877) 985-2696
Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs by Dr. Mercola: Common Questions
Does Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs by Dr. Mercola interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Organic Pine Bark Extract with OPCs's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 14 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Maritime Pine 14 references
- Rice-Evans CA, Packer L, eds. Flavonoids in Health and Disease. Manhattan, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1998.
- Liu FJ, Zhang YX, Lau BH. Pycnogenol enhances immune and haemopoietic functions in senescence-accelerated mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 1998;54:1168-72. PubMed
- Putter M, Grotemeyer KH, Wurthwein G, et al. Inhibition of smoking-induced platelet aggregation by aspirin and pycnogenol. Thromb Res 1999;95:155-61. PubMed
- Kohama T, Inoue M. Pycnogenol alleviates pain associated with pregnancy. Phytother Res 2006;20:232-4.
- Liu X, Zhou HJ, Rohdewald P. French maritime pine bark extract pycnogenol dose-dependently lowers glucose in type 2 diabetic patients (letter). Diabetes Care 2004;27:839. PubMed
- Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, et al. Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II. Life Sci 2004;75:2505-13. PubMed
- Wilson D, Evans M, Guthrie N et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study to evaluate the potential of pycnogenol for improving allergic rhinitis symptoms. Phytother Res 2010;24:1115-9.
- Araghi-Niknam, M., Hosseini, S., Larson, D., Rohdewald, P., and Watson, R. R. Pine bark extract reduces platelet aggregation. Integr.Med. 3-21-2000;2(2):73-77. PubMed
- Trebaticka, J., Kopasova, S., Hradecna, Z., Cinovsky, K., Skodacek, I., Suba, J., Muchova, J., Zitnanova, I., Waczulikova, I., Rohdewald, P., and Durackova, Z. Treatment of ADHD with French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol. Eur.Child Adolesc.Psychi PubMed
- Suzuki, N., Uebaba, K., Kohama, T., Moniwa, N., Kanayama, N., and Koike, K. French maritime pine bark extract significantly lowers the requirement for analgesic medication in dysmenorrhea: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
- Cisar, P., Jany, R., Waczulikova, I., Sumegova, K., Muchova, J., Vojtassak, J., Durackova, Z., Lisy, M., and Rohdewald, P. Effect of pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Phytother.Res. 2008;22(8):1087-1092.
- Enseleit, F., Sudano, I., Periat, D., Winnik, S., Wolfrum, M., Flammer, A. J., Frohlich, G. M., Kaiser, P., Hirt, A., Haile, S. R., Krasniqi, N., Matter, C. M., Uhlenhut, K., Hogger, P., Neidhart, M., Luscher, T. F., Ruschitzka, F., and Noll, G. Effects
- Schoonees, A., Visser, J., Musekiwa, A., and Volmink, J. Pycnogenol(R) (extract of French maritime pine bark) for the treatment of chronic disorders. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD008294.
- Wang S, Tan D Zhao Y et al. The effect of pycnogenol on the microcirculation, platelet function and ischemic myocardium in patients with coronary artery diseases. Eur Bull Drug Res 1999;7:19-25.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC