Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

PM Phytogen Complex Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Solgar

Tablet Or Pill Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

PM Phytogen Complex is a dietary supplement by Solgar with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for treating or preventing b12 deficiency, pernicious anemia, low energy and fatigue.Based on those ingredients, 773 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are standardized Pueraria mirifica root extract, Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate, Folic Acid. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of PM Phytogen Complex by Solgar

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 6 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Folate” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (333 mcg DFE) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “standardized Pueraria mirifica root extract” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (80 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

PM Phytogen Complex contains 6 active ingredients. Three are B vitamins: folic acid (which supports cell division and DNA), vitamin B12 (needed for nerve function and red blood cells), and vitamin B6 in the form pyridoxal 5-phosphate (which helps regulate homocysteine and supports brain health).

Biotin is another B vitamin that supports skin and hair. The product also includes a standardized extract from pueraria mirifica root—an herbal ingredient containing plant compounds called isoflavonoids and miroestrol.

The tablet also contains inactive ingredients: dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, methacrylic acid, silica, vegetable cellulose, and vegetable magnesium stearate.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Strong

Clinical evidence supports at least one of this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Balancing formula for women's health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Anemia, Biotin deficiency, Menopausal symptoms, Premenstrual syndrome.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Vitamin B6 is rated "Effective" for Sideroblastic anemia (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Biotin is rated "Likely Effective" for Biotin deficiency.
  • Also on file: Vitamin B6 is rated "Possibly Effective" for Premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Folic acid in this product is effective for folate deficiency and likely effective for preventing neural tube birth defects and reducing methotrexate toxicity; it's possibly effective for depression and certain other conditions. Vitamin B12 is effective for B12 deficiency and certain rare disorders, and possibly effective for canker sores.

Vitamin B6 is effective for sideroblastic anemia and B6 deficiency, and likely effective for high homocysteine levels. Biotin is likely effective for biotin deficiency.

The evidence for pueraria mirifica's isoflavonoids and miroestrol is not established in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin B12 Biotin Folic Acid Vitamin B6 Kudzu

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Folic acid is generally well tolerated at the doses found in prenatal vitamins and standard supplements (under 1 mg daily). At higher doses, it can cause abdominal cramps, diarrhea, rash, and at 15 mg daily, confusion, sleep disturbances, and nausea.

Vitamin B12 is very safe with no established upper limit; excess is removed in urine. Vitamin B6 is safe at normal dietary amounts and standard supplements (under 100 mg daily), but high doses over time can damage nerves (sensory neuropathy).

Biotin is generally well tolerated even at fairly high doses. Regarding pregnancy: folic acid and B12 are considered safe and needed at recommended doses; biotin is likely safe.

For vitamin B6, amounts from food and prenatal vitamins are appropriate, but high-dose supplements should be discussed with your doctor.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin B12 Biotin Folic Acid Vitamin B6 Kudzu

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Folic Acid.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: Parkinson's medications.
  • For scale: 238 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist if you take seizure medications (phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone) or blood pressure drugs—folic acid and vitamin B6 can reduce their effectiveness. If you're on cancer drugs like methotrexate, capecitabine, or 5-fluorouracil, or the heart drug amiodarone, discuss this product first.

Metformin users should know that vitamin B12 may be affected over time. If you take levodopa alone (without carbidopa), vitamin B6 may reduce its effects.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is a multivitamin blend of B vitamins and plant extract, useful if you have a folate or B12 deficiency or are planning pregnancy. If you take seizure medications, blood pressure drugs, amiodarone, methotrexate, capecitabine, levodopa without carbidopa, or metformin, talk with your pharmacist before starting—several ingredients can interfere with how these drugs work.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 22, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about PM Phytogen Complex, straight from the product label.

Brand Solgar
Barcode (UPC) 033984023130
Net contents 60 Tablet(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 22, 2020
DSLD ID 216948
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Tablet Or Pill
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Kosher, Women (not pregnant or lactating), Adult Female (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for PM Phytogen Complex by Solgar, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Tablet(s)
UPC/BARCODE
033984023130
IngredientAmount% DV
Folic Acid200 mcg--
Vitamin B121000 mcg41667%
Biotin25 mcg83%
Folate333 mcg DFE83%
Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate12.5 mg--
standardized Pueraria mirifica root extract80 mg--
Isoflavonoids16 mcg--
Miroestrol16 mcg--

Other ingredients: Dicalcium Phosphate, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Methacrylic Acid, Silica, Vegetable Cellulose, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: As a dietary supplement for adults, take one (1) tablet twice daily, preferably at mealtimes, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner.

Formulation

Free of: Gluten, wheat, dairy, soy, yeast, sugar, sodium, artificial flavor, and color.

PM PhytoGen Complex is a manufactured using Solgar's proprietary Smartabsorb process, which enteric-coats select ingredients to ensure proper absorption. Traditional use claims are based on historical or traditional practices. Pueraria mirifica has been used for its rejuvenating properties by menopausal women for over a hundred years in Thailand.

Balancing formula

Innovative smartabsorb process

Gluten, wheat, & dairy free

Suitable for vegans

Smartabsorb proprietary process for proper assimilation of nutrients requiring specific absorption sites.

Brand IP Statement(s)

2019 Solgar, Inc.

Formula

Solgar PM PhytoGen Complex includes Thai Kudzu extract (Pueraria mirifica), standardized to contain 16 mcg per tablet of the phytoestrogen miroestrol. True Pueraria mirifica, which grows only in two provinces in Thailand, has a long history of traditional use for promoting vitality. Modern research has discovered that this particular species of Thai Kudzu contains a complex of phytoestrogens, including miroestrol. Selecting the correct species of Thai Kudzu is essential to a quality product. Solgar uses an analytical procedure to validate PM PhytoGen Complex miroestrol content. Select B vitamins are included to support energy metabolism by converting food into energy, and may also support nervous system health.

Pueraria mirifica

For women

Solgar's KOF-K certification #K-1250

General Statements

Solgar since 1947

Seals/Symbols

K Parve (Kosher) Certified Gluten-free

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Precautions

Not intended for use by pregnant or nursing women. If you are taking any medications or have any medical condition, please consult your healthcare practitioner before taking any dietary supplement.

Discontinue use and consult your healthcare practitioner if any adverse reactions occur. Not intended for use by persons under the age of 18.

Keep out of reach of children.

Do not use if outer bottle seal is missing or damated.

Storage

Store at room temperature.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

See for yourself

PM Phytogen Complex by Solgar label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in PM Phytogen Complex by Solgar

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Vitamin B12

Interacts with
20 drugs
1000 mcg per serving Form: Cyanocobalamin

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is an essential nutrient your body needs to make red blood cells, keep nerves healthy, and support DNA. Supplements are very h...

Vitamin B12 monograph & interactions

Biotin

No known
interactions
25 mcg per serving

Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble vitamin your body needs to turn food into energy and to support healthy hair, skin, and nails. Most people get...

Biotin monograph & interactions

Folate

333 mcg DFE per serving

Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate

Interacts with
210 drugs
12.5 mg per serving

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that your body needs for metabolism, brain function, and making red blood cells. It is b...

Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate monograph & interactions
80 mg per serving

Kudzu is a fast-growing vine whose root has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and is now studied mostly for reducing alcohol intake. Earl...

Standardized Pueraria mirifica root extract monograph & interactions
  • › Isoflavonoids
  • › Miroestrol

Other (inactive) ingredients: Dicalcium Phosphate, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Methacrylic Acid, Silica, Vegetable Cellulose, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

PM Phytogen Complex by Solgar Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against PM Phytogen Complex?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
773Drugs
696 Moderate 77 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in PM Phytogen Complex with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

standardized Pueraria mirifica root extract7 drug types · 584 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, kudzu may increase the risk of bleeding if used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Kudzu isoflavones are reported to have antiplatelet activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Caffeine

Theoretically, taking kudzu with caffeine might increase levels of caffeine.
In healthy males injected with the kudzu constituent puerarin, caffeine clearance and metabolism is inhibited. This effect has been attributed to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme, which is involved in caffeine metabolism. It is unclear if taking kudzu orally would have this same effect.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, kudzu might alter the effects of estrogen therapy.
Some research suggests that kudzu has estrogenic effects. This may enhance or inhibit the effects of estrogen therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
There is some concern that kudzu can adversely affect the liver.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)

Theoretically, taking kudzu with methotrexate might increase the risk of methotrexate toxicity.
Preclinical research suggests that kudzu extract greatly reduces the elimination and increases the toxicity of methotrexate. Kudzu might inhibit organic anion transporters (OATs) that are responsible for hepatobiliary and renal excretion of anions, similar to the interaction between methotrexate and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, kudzu might interfere with tamoxifen activity.
Some research suggests that kudzu may have estrogenic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking kudzu with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Kudzu might lower blood glucose levels and have additive effects in patients treated with antidiabetic agents. The dose of diabetes medications might need to be adjusted.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D

Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate5 drug types · 210 drugs

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

Theoretically, vitamin B6 might increase the photosensitivity caused by amiodarone.
Despite initial case reports suggesting that pyridoxine may have a protective effect against amiodarone-induced photosensitivity, preliminary clinical research suggests that pyridoxine may actually exacerbate this adverse effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, vitamin B6 may have additive effects when used with antihypertensive drugs.
Research in hypertensive rats shows that vitamin B6 can decrease systolic blood pressure. Similarly, clinical research in patients with hypertension shows that taking high doses of vitamin B6 may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, possibly by reducing plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Phenobarbital (Luminal)

High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenobarbital.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenobarbital, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenobarbital to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

High doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the levels and clinical effects of phenytoin.
Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that vitamin B6 200 mg daily can reduce plasma levels of phenytoin, possibly by increasing metabolism. It is not known whether lower doses have any effect. Advise people taking phenytoin to avoid high doses of vitamin B6.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Levodopa

Vitamin B6 may increase the metabolism of levodopa when taken alone, but not when taken in conjunction with carbidopa.
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) enhances the metabolism of levodopa, reducing its clinical effects. However, this interaction does not occur when carbidopa is used concurrently with levodopa (Sinemet). Therefore, it is not likely to be a problem in most people.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D

Folic Acid7 drug types · 40 drugs

5-Fluorouracil

Theoretically, high doses of folic acid might increase the toxicity of 5-fluorouracil.
Increases in gastrointestinal side effects of 5-fluorouracil, such as stomatitis and diarrhea, have been described in two clinical studies when leucovorin, a form of folic acid, was administered with 5-fluorouracil.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Capecitabine (Xeloda)

Use of high-dose folic acid might contribute to capecitabine toxicity.
Clinical research suggests that higher serum folate levels are associated with an increased risk for moderate or severe toxicity during capecitabine-based treatment for colorectal cancer. Additionally, in one case report, taking folic acid 15 mg daily might have contributed to increased toxicity, including severe diarrhea, vomiting, edema, hand-foot syndrome, and eventually death, in a patient prescribed capecitabine.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)

Folic acid might reduce the efficacy of methotrexate as a cancer treatment when given concurrently.
Methotrexate exerts its cytotoxic effects by preventing conversion of folic acid to the active form needed by cells. There is some evidence that folic acid supplements reduce the efficacy of methotrexate in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and theoretically they could reduce its efficacy in the treatment of other cancers. Advise cancer patients to consult their oncologist before using folic acid supplements. In patients treated with long-term, low-dose methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or psoriasis, folic acid supplements can reduce the incidence of side effects, without reducing efficacy.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Phenobarbital (Luminal)

Folic acid might have antagonistic effects on phenobarbital and increase the risk for seizures.
Folic acid can have direct convulsant activity in some people, reversing the effects of phenobarbital and worsening seizure control. Monitor closely for increased seizure activity.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Folic acid might reduce serum levels of phenytoin in some patients.
Folic acid may be a cofactor in phenytoin metabolism. Folic acid, in doses of 1 mg daily or more, can reduce serum levels of phenytoin in some patients. Increases in seizure frequency have been reported. If folic acid supplements are added to established phenytoin therapy, monitor serum phenytoin levels closely. If phenytoin and folic acid are started at the same time and continued together, adverse changes in phenytoin pharmacokinetics are avoided. Note that phenytoin also reduces serum folate levels.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Primidone (Mysoline)

Folic acid might have antagonistic effects on primidone and increase the risk for seizures.
Folic acid can have direct convulsant activity in some people, reversing the effects of primidone and worsening seizure control. Monitor closely for increased seizure activity. Note that primidone also reduces serum folate levels.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Pyrimethamine (Daraprim)

Folic acid might antagonize the effects of pyrimethamine.
Folic acid can antagonize the antiparasitic effects of pyrimethamine against toxoplasmosis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Folic acid doesn't antagonize the effects of pyrimethamine in the treatment of malaria, because malarial parasites cannot use exogenous folic acid. Use folinic acid as an alternative to folic acid when indicated.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Vitamin B121 drug type · 20 drugs

Metformin (Glucophage)

Metformin, a common medication used to manage type 2 diabetes, has been associated with lower vitamin B12 levels in some individuals. Prolonged use of metformin can interfere with the absorption of B12 in the digestive system, potentially leading to a deficiency in this essential vitamin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for PM Phytogen Complex, from the product label.

Solgar

See all Solgar products
Name
Solgar, Inc.
Street Address
500 Willow Tree Road
City
Leonia
State
NJ
ZipCode
07605
Phone Number
1-877-765-4274
Web Address
www.solgar.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

PM Phytogen Complex by Solgar: Common Questions

Does PM Phytogen Complex by Solgar interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, PM Phytogen Complex has a known interaction with 773 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
PM Phytogen Complex contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to take while I'm pregnant?
Folic acid and vitamin B12 at recommended doses are both considered safe and needed during pregnancy to help prevent birth defects. Biotin is likely safe. Vitamin B6 from food and prenatal vitamins is used for morning sickness, but if you're considering high-dose supplements, talk to your doctor first.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Folic acid and vitamin B12 are both considered safe at recommended amounts while breastfeeding. Vitamin B6 at normal dietary and recommended amounts is generally fine, but avoid high-dose products without discussing it with your doctor.
What does the pueraria mirifica do?
The product includes a standardized extract from pueraria mirifica root containing plant compounds (isoflavonoids and miroestrol). The evidence for what these compounds do is not established in the data we hold.
Will this help prevent birth defects?
Folic acid is likely effective at helping prevent neural tube birth defects like spina bifida, especially when taken before pregnancy and in early pregnancy. This is one of the main reasons folic acid is recommended for people planning to conceive.
Can high doses of vitamin B6 cause side effects?
Yes. At normal amounts it's well tolerated, but high doses over time—especially above 1,000 mg daily or with total intake of 1,000 grams or more—can cause sensory nerve damage (neuropathy). Lower doses can occasionally cause this too. Stick to standard supplement amounts unless your doctor advises otherwise.
Does this product have fillers?
The tablet contains inactive ingredients like dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, silica, and vegetable cellulose, which are binders and fillers commonly used in tablets.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

PM Phytogen Complex label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind PM Phytogen Complex’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Sources

Sources & How We Checked

PM Phytogen Complex's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 143 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Folic Acid 56 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Duhra P. Treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with methotrexate therapy for psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;28:466-9. PubMed
  3. Morgan SL, Baggott JE, Vaughn WH, et al. Supplementation with folic acid during methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1994;121:833-41. PubMed
  4. Froscher W, Maier V, Laage M, et al. Folate deficiency, anticonvulsant drugs, and psychiatric morbidity. Clin Neuropharmacol 1995;18:165-82. PubMed
  5. Lewis DP, Van Dyke DC, Willhite LA, et al. Phenytoin-folic acid interaction. Ann Pharmacother 1995;29:726-35. PubMed
  6. Berg MJ, Stumbo PJ, Chenard CA, et al. Folic acid improves phenytoin pharmacokinetics. J Am Diet Assoc 1995;95:352-6. PubMed
  7. Berg MJ, Fincham RW, Ebert BE, et al. Phenytoin pharmacokinetics: Before and after folic acid administration. Epilepsia 1992;33:712-20. PubMed
  8. Shafer RB, Nuttall FQ. Calcium and folic acid absorption in patients taking anticonvulsant drugs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975;41:1125-9. PubMed
  9. Leeb BF, Witzmann G, Ogris E, et al. Folic acid and cyanocobalamin levels in serum and erythrocytes during low-dose methotrexate therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1995;13:459-63.
  10. Morgan SL, Baggott JE, Lee JY, Alarcón GS. Folic acid supplementation prevents deficient blood folate levels and hyperhomocysteinemia during longterm, low dose methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: implications for cardiovascular disease preventi
  11. Dijkmans BA. Folate supplementation and methotrexate. Br J Rheumatol 1995;34:1172-4. PubMed
  12. Segal S, Kaminski S. Drug-nutrient interactions. American Druggist 1996 Jul;42-8.
  13. Lambie DG, Johnson RH. Drugs and folate metabolism. Drugs 1985;30:145-55. PubMed
  14. Amer College of Rheumatology ad hoc committee on clinical guidelines. Guidelines for monitoring drug therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:723-31. DOI
  15. Suitor CW, Bailey LB. Dietary folate equivalents: interpretation and application. J Am Diet Assoc 2000;100:88-94. PubMed
  16. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
  17. Sandoval M, Charbonnet RM, Okuhama NN, et al. Cat's claw inhibits TNFalpha production and scavenges free radicals: role in cytoprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2000;29:71-78.
  18. Antony AC. Megaloblastic Anemias. In: Hoffman R, Benz Jr EJ, Shattil SJ, et al. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone 2000: 451-79.
  19. Reynolds EH. Neurological aspects of folate and vitamin B12 metabolism. Clin Haematol 1976;5:661-96. DOI
  20. Reynolds EH. Folate metabolism and anticonvulsant therapy. Proc R Soc Med 1974;67:68.
  21. Ortiz Z, Shea B, Suarez Almazor M, et al. Folic acid and folinic acid for reducing side effects in patients receiving methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;2:CD000951. PubMed
  22. Van Delden C, Hirschel B. Folinic acid supplements to pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine for Toxoplasma encephalitis are associated with better outcome (letter). J Infect Dis 1996;173:1294-5. PubMed
  23. Schroder H, Clausen N, Ostergard E, Pressler T. Folic acid supplements in vitamin tablets: a determinant of hematological drug tolerance in maintenance therapy of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ped Hematol Oncol 1986;3:241-7. PubMed
  24. Lange H, Suryapranata H, De Luca G, et al. Folate therapy and in-stent restenosis after coronary stenting. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2673-81. PubMed
  25. Morris MC, Evans DA, Bienias JL, et al. Dietary folate and vitamin B12 intake and cognitive decline among community-dwelling older persons. Arch Neurol 2005;62:641-5. PubMed
  26. Bonaa KH, Njolstad I, Ueland PM, et al. NORVIT: Homocysteine lowering and cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. N Enlg J Med 2006;354:1578-88. PubMed
  27. Lawson KA, Wright ME, Subar A, et al. Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:754-64. PubMed
  28. Figueiredo JC, Grau MV, Haile RW, et al. Folic acid and risk of prostate cancer: Results from a randomized clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:432-5. PubMed
  29. Clippe C, Freyer G, Milano G, Trillet-Lenoir V. Lethal toxicity of capecitabine due to abusive folic acid prescription. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2003;15:299-300. PubMed
  30. Bedford Laboratories. Leucovorin calcium [package insert]. Bedford, OH. September 2008. Available at: http://www.bedfordlabs.com/BedfordLabsWeb/products/inserts/LCV-P02.pdf.
  31. Ebbing M, Bonaa KH, Nygard O, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality after treatment with folic acid and vitamin B12. JAMA 2009;302:2119-26.
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Vitamin B12 30 references
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Biotin 4 references
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Kudzu 21 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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