Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 4 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Promeva Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Nature's Way

Promeva label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Promeva against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Promeva is a dietary supplement by Nature's Way with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for bone health and osteoporosis, correcting vitamin d deficiency, immune system support.Based on those ingredients, 841 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin D, Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex, Calcium D-Glucarate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Promeva by Nature's Way

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Promeva by Nature's Way — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Promeva by Nature's Way

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Promeva contains four active ingredients. Vitamin D supports bone health, calcium regulation, and immune function — it's especially used for rickets, osteomalacia, and related bone disorders.

Calcium D-glucarate is a compound your body produces naturally; it's included for potential liver support and detoxification, though the evidence for its benefits is still being studied. Diindolylmethane (DIM), derived from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, is thought to support hormone balance and prostate health, though reliable evidence is limited.

The fourth ingredient, Norway Spruce lignan extract, we don't have detailed information on. The capsule itself and the other listed ingredients — modified food starch, cellulose, beet, magnesium stearate, silica, tocophersolan, and phosphatidylcholine — are inactive ingredients used to form and stabilize the supplement.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Vitamin D deficiency — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Hypoparathyroidism — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Familial hypophosphatemia — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Osteomalacia — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Renal osteodystrophy — rated "Effective" (Vitamin D) (Natural Medicines).

Vitamin D in Promeva is effective for treating familial hypophosphatemia, osteomalacia (soft bones from vitamin D deficiency), renal bone disease, rickets, and low parathyroid hormone. For the other three active ingredients, the evidence we hold shows insufficient reliable data to rate their effectiveness.

Calcium D-glucarate, DIM, and the Norway Spruce extract have been studied for various cancers, hormone-related conditions, and prostate health, but the data doesn't yet support a clear conclusion about whether they work for those purposes.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin D Calcium D-glucarate Diindolylmethane

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vitamin D is generally well tolerated at recommended doses, but very high doses taken over time can cause toxicity — symptoms include high blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia), and rarely, bone loss, anemia, and eye inflammation. It's often used during pregnancy at recommended amounts but only under your doctor's guidance; it's also considered acceptable while breastfeeding at normal doses.

Calcium D-glucarate appears well tolerated in small studies, but long-term human safety isn't established. It should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to insufficient safety data.

Diindolylmethane is generally well tolerated short-term, with occasional diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, rash, or vomiting; long-term safety is unclear. It should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

We have no safety data on file for the Norway Spruce lignan extract.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin D Calcium D-glucarate Diindolylmethane

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Calcium D-glucarate, Vitamin D, Diindolylmethane.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 842 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

If you take thiazide diuretics (water pills), heart rhythm drugs like verapamil, diltiazem, or digoxin, cholesterol medications like atorvastatin, or estrogen-containing hormones, check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting Promeva. Also double-check if you use any medications processed through liver pathways (glucuronidation, CYP3A4, or CYP1A2), drink alcohol regularly, or take aluminum-containing products.

No interactions are documented for the Norway Spruce lignan extract ingredient we hold data for.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Promeva is most relevant if you have a diagnosed vitamin D deficiency or related bone disorder, or if you're interested in potential hormone-balancing and liver-support ingredients. Be cautious if you take heart medications, water pills, cholesterol drugs, estrogen therapy, or drugs processed by your liver — these warrant a closer look with your own pharmacist or doctor.

The other two active ingredients have limited proven benefits at this time. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting, especially if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or on any regular medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 23, 2019.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Promeva, straight from the product label.

Brand Nature's Way
Barcode (UPC) 033674153031
Net contents 30 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 23, 2019
DSLD ID 205142
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult Female (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Promeva by Nature's Way, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Capsule(s)
UPC/BARCODE
033674153031
IngredientAmount% DV
Vitamin D20 mcg100%
Calcium D-Glucarate200 mg--
Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex120 mg--
HMRlignan Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Lignan extract36 mg--

Other ingredients: plant-derived Capsule, modified Food Starch, Cellulose, Beet, Magnesium Stearate, Silica, Tocophersolan, Phosphatidylcholine

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Recommendation: Take 1 capsule daily with food. For intensive use: Take 1 capsule twice daily with food.

Taking just one Promeva capsule daily supports breast health by: Promoting healthy estrogen metabolism Increasing blood levels of enterolactone (ENL). Increasing blood levels of Vitamin D3. Taking an intensive dose (1 capsule twice daily) can help reduce cyclical breast tenderness.

Precautions

Warning: Do not use this product if pregnant, nursing, or attempting to become pregnant.

A harmless but noticeable change in urine color may occur during usage of this product.

If you are taking any medications, consult a healthcare professional before use.

Keep out of reach of children.

This product has a tamper-evident blister sheet. Do not use if foil or plastic is punctured.

Brand IP Statement(s)

2019 Nature's Way Brands, LLC

Indoplex and BR-DIM is a proprietary, enhanced bioavailability complex containing Diindolylmethane licensed from BioResponse, LLC, Boulder, CO HMRlignan is used under sublicense from Linnea, SA.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place out of direct sunlight.

Formula

With BR-DIM and HMRlignan

Promeva provides these key phytonutrients to promote breast health. BR-DIM is a bioavailable complex of diindolymethane (a phytonutrient found in cruciferous vegetables) that promotes healthy estrogen metabolism by increasing the conversion ratio of 2-hydroxyestrogen. HMRlignan is an extract of Norway spruce that delivers 7-hydroxymatairesinol (plant lignan) that is converted by the body into enterolactone. HMRlignan increases the level of enterolactone in the blood, which is associated with breast health. Promeva delivers additional support with Vitamin D3 and Calcium D-Glucarate.

Proactive Nutrition for Women

BR-DIM HMRlignan Vitamin D3 Calcium D-Glucarate

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

General Statements

Since 1969 Breast health

Formulation

Hormone free

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Promeva by Nature's Way label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Promeva label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Promeva by Nature's Way

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Vitamin D

Interacts with
715 drugs
20 mcg per serving Form: Cholecalciferol

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people,...

Vitamin D monograph & interactions

Calcium D-Glucarate

Interacts with
126 drugs
200 mg per serving

Calcium D-glucarate is a supplement form of a natural compound found in fruits and vegetables that is promoted for 'detoxification' and helping the bo...

Calcium D-Glucarate monograph & interactions

Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex

Interacts with
269 drugs
120 mg per serving

Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound made when your body digests cruciferous vegetables, and it is sold as a supplement mainly for hormone balance and...

Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex monograph & interactions

HMRlignan Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Lignan extract

36 mg per serving Form: Hydroxymatairesinol

Other (inactive) ingredients: Plant-derived Capsule, Modified Food Starch, Cellulose, Beet, Magnesium Stearate, Silica, Tocophersolan, Phosphatidylcholine. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Promeva by Nature's Way Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Promeva?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
841Drugs
251 Moderate 590 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Vitamin D 715
Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex 269
Calcium D-Glucarate 126

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Promeva interact with 841 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 4 ingredients in Promeva interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin D Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex Calcium D-Glucarate

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Promeva with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Vitamin D8 drug types · 715 drugs

Aluminum

Vitamin D might increase aluminum absorption and toxicity, but this has only been reported in people with renal failure.
The protein that transports calcium across the intestinal wall can also bind and transport aluminum. This protein is stimulated by vitamin D, which may therefore increase aluminum absorption. This mechanism may contribute to increased aluminum levels and toxicity in people with renal failure, when they take vitamin D and aluminum-containing phosphate binders chronically.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Vitamin D might reduce absorption of atorvastatin.
A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%. However, while atorvastatin levels decreased, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels did not substantially change. Atorvastatin is metabolized in the gut by CYP3A4 enzymes, and researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, causing reduced levels of atorvastatin. However, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Calcipotriene (Dovonex)

Taking calcipotriene with vitamin D increases the risk for hypercalcemia.
Calcipotriene is a vitamin D analog used topically for psoriasis. It can be absorbed in sufficient amounts to cause systemic effects, including hypercalcemia. Theoretically, combining calcipotriene with vitamin D supplements might increase the risk of hypercalcemia.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of arrhythmia from digoxin.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia increases the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias with digoxin. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and digoxin concurrently.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diltiazem (Cardizem, Others)

Theoretically, hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of diltiazem for arrhythmia.
High doses of vitamin D can cause hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Theoretically this could also occur with diltiazem. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and diltiazem concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Thiazide Diuretics

Theoretically, taking thiazide diuretics and high-dose vitamin D can increase the risk of hypercalcemia.
Thiazide diuretics decrease urinary calcium excretion, which could lead to hypercalcemia if vitamin D supplements are taken concurrently. This has been reported in people being treated with vitamin D for hypoparathyroidism, and also in elderly people with normal parathyroid function who were taking a thiazide, vitamin D, and calcium-containing antacids daily.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Verapamil (Calan, Others)

Hypercalcemia induced by high-dose vitamin D can reduce the therapeutic effects of verapamil for arrhythmia.
Hypercalcemia due to high doses of vitamin D can reduce the effectiveness of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Avoid vitamin D doses above the tolerable upper intake level (4000 IU daily for adults) and monitor serum calcium levels in people taking vitamin D and verapamil concurrently.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Vitamin D might induce CYP3A4 enzymes and reduce the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates.
There is some concern that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4. In vitro research suggests that vitamin D induces CYP3A4 transcription. Additionally, observational research has found that increased UV light exposure and serum vitamin D levels are associated with decreased serum levels of CYP3A4 substrates such as tacrolimus and sirolimus, while no association between UV light exposure or vitamin D levels and levels of mycophenolic acid, a non-CYP3A4 substrate, was found. A small, low-quality clinical study shows that taking vitamin D reduces levels of the CYP3A4 substrate atorvastatin and its active metabolites by up to 55%; however, the clinical effects of atorvastatin were not reduced. While researchers theorized that vitamin D might induce CYP3A4, this proposed mechanism was not specifically studied.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Vitamin D full monograph & interactions

Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex3 drug types · 269 drugs

Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase the risk of hyponatremia if used with sodium-depleting diuretics.
Large doses of diindolylmethane (600 mg daily) have been associated with two cases of asymptomatic hyponatremia in clinical research.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Estrogens

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might increase or decrease the effects of estrogens.
Diindolylmethane might have mild estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. Theoretically, large amounts of diindolylmethane might interfere with hormone replacement therapy.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, diindolylmethane might lower serum levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that diindolylmethane can induce CYP1A2. Theoretically, it might increase metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates and lower serum concentrations. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Indolplex Diindolylmethane (BR-DIM) Complex full monograph & interactions

Calcium D-Glucarate3 drug types · 126 drugs

Alcohol (Ethanol)

Theoretically, concomitant use with alcohol might decrease calcium D-glucarate activity.
There is some evidence that urinary excretion of calcium D-glucarate metabolites increases in people consuming alcohol.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Glucuronidated Drugs

Theoretically, calcium D-glucarate might increase the clearance of drugs that undergo glucuronidation.
The calcium D-glucarate metabolite, D-glucaro-1,4-lactone, inhibits the enzyme beta-glucuronidase, reducing deconjugation of glucuronides in the intestine and thereby reducing reabsorption of the drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Kanamycin

Theoretically, calcium D-glucarate may reduce plasma levels of kanamycin.
Calcium D-glucarate may increase the rate of kanamycin elimination, which may decrease its clinical and adverse effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Calcium D-Glucarate full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Promeva, from the product label.

Nature's Way

See all Nature's Way products
Name
Nature's Way Brands, LLC
City
Green Bay
State
WI
ZipCode
54311
Phone Number
1-800-962-8873
Web Address
naturesway.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Promeva by Nature's Way: Common Questions

Does Promeva by Nature's Way interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Promeva has a known interaction with 841 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Promeva contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is Promeva safe to take during pregnancy?
It's complicated — vitamin D at recommended doses is often used in pregnancy under doctor supervision, but calcium D-glucarate should be avoided (insufficient safety data), and diindolylmethane should also be avoided due to possible effects on hormones. Talk with your doctor about whether this product is right for you during pregnancy.
Can I take Promeva while breastfeeding?
Vitamin D at normal doses is generally considered acceptable while breastfeeding. However, calcium D-glucarate and diindolylmethane should both be avoided — safety data isn't available. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking it.
What are the common side effects of diindolylmethane in this product?
Diarrhea, gas, headache, nausea, rash, and vomiting are the most commonly reported side effects. Serious reactions are rare. If you experience any of these, consider stopping and speaking with your pharmacist.
Can very high doses of vitamin D in Promeva cause harm?
Yes. Very high doses over time can cause vitamin D toxicity, with symptoms including high blood calcium levels, bone loss, anemia, and rarely, eye inflammation. Stick to recommended doses and don't exceed them without your doctor's approval.
Does Promeva actually work for cancer prevention?
The evidence we hold is insufficient to say whether calcium D-glucarate or diindolylmethane prevent or treat cancer. While they're marketed for those purposes, we don't have reliable data supporting those claims yet.
What is diindolylmethane (DIM) and where does it come from?
Diindolylmethane is a compound that forms naturally when you eat cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cabbage. In Promeva, it's included as an extract called Indolplex for potential hormone-balancing effects, though strong evidence for those benefits is limited.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Promeva label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Promeva’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin D

Interacts with 715 drugs

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps your body absorb calcium and is important for healthy bones, muscles, and immune function. Many people, especially those with low sun exposure,...

Read the full Vitamin D monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Calcium D-glucarate

Interacts with 126 drugs

Calcium D-glucarate is a supplement form of a natural compound found in fruits and vegetables that is promoted for 'detoxification' and helping the body clear excess hormones. Human evidence...

Read the full Calcium D-glucarate monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Diindolylmethane

Interacts with 269 drugs

Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a compound made when your body digests cruciferous vegetables, and it is sold as a supplement mainly for hormone balance and cancer prevention. Although early lab s...

Read the full Diindolylmethane monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Promeva's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 45 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vitamin D 26 references
  1. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  2. Tatro DS, ed. Drug Interactions Facts. Facts and Comparisons Inc., St. Louis, MO. 1999.
  3. Koutkia P, Chen TC, Holick MF. Vitamin D intoxication associated with an over-the-counter supplement. N Engl J Med 2001;345:66-7. PubMed
  4. Bar-Or D, Yoel G. Calcium and calciferol antagonize effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. Br Med J 1981;282:1585-6.
  5. Demontis R, Leflon A, Fournier A, et al. 1 alpha(OH) vitamin D3 increases plasma aluminum in hemodialyzed patients taking AI(OH)3. Clin Nephrol 1986;26:146-9.
  6. Crowe M, Wollner L, Griffiths RA. Hypercalcemia following vitamin D and thiazide therapy in the elderly. Practitioner 1984;228:312-3.
  7. Parfitt AM. Thiazide-induced hypercalcemia in vitamin D-treated hypoparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med 1972;77:557-63. PubMed
  8. Thiazide diuretics and the risk of osteoporosis. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter 2003;19(11):191105.
  9. Moon J. The role of vitamin D in toxic metal absorption. J Am Coll Nutr 1994;13:559-64.
  10. Demontis R, Reissi D, Noel C, et al. Indirect clinical evidence that 1alphaOH vitamin D<SUB>3</SUB> increases the intestinal absorption of aluminum. Clin Nephrol 1989;31:123-7.
  11. Adler AJ, Berlyne GM. Duodenal aluminum absorption in the rat: effect of vitamin D. Am J Physiol 1985;249:G209-13. PubMed
  12. Schwartz JB. Effects of vitamin D supplementation in atorvastatin-treated patients: A new drug interaction with an unexpected consequence. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2009;85:198-203. PubMed
  13. Dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D. Institute of Medicine, November 30, 2010. Available at: http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-for-Calcium-and-Vitamin-D/Vitamin%20D%20and%20Calcium%202010%20Repo
  14. Cox KA, Dunn MA. Aluminum toxicity alters the regulation of calbindin-D28k protein and mRNA expression in chick intestine. J Nutr 2001;131:2007-13. PubMed
  15. Escribano, J., Balaguer, A., Pagone, F., Feliu, A., and Roque, I. Figuls. Pharmacological interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2009;(1):CD004754. PubMed
  16. Carlton, S., Clopton, D., and Cappuzzo, K. A. Vitamin D deficiency: appropriate replenishment therapies and the effects of vitamin D toxicity. Consult Pharm 2010;25(3):171-177. PubMed
  17. Wang, H., Xia, N., Yang, Y., and Peng, D. Q. Influence of vitamin D supplementation on plasma lipid profiles: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis. 2012;11:42. PubMed
  18. Turner AN, Carr Reese P, Fields KS, Anderson J, Ervin M, Davis JA, Fichorova RN, Roberts MW, Klebanoff MA, Jackson RD. A blinded, randomized controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D supplementation to reduce recurrence of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet G PubMed
  19. Weiner M, Epstein FH. Signs and symptoms of electrolyte disorders. Yale J Biol Med. 1970;43(2):76-109.
  20. Lappe J, Watson P, Travers-Gustafson D, Recker R, Garland C, Gorham E, Baggerly K, McDonnell SL. Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Cancer Incidence in Older Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017 Mar 28;317(12):1234-1243. PubMed
  21. Roth DE, Leung M, Mesfin E, Qamar H, Watterworth J, Papp E. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: state of the evidence from a systematic review of randomised trials. BMJ. 2017;359:j5237. PubMed
  22. Murai IH, Fernandes AL, Sales LP, et al. Effect of a single high dose of vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021.
  23. Wang Z, Schuetz EG, Xu Y, Thummel KE. Interplay between vitamin D and the drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013;136:54-8. PubMed
  24. Doyle D, Browne U, Brickley A, Murphy D. Vitamin D-induced hypercalcaemia and acute kidney injury in sarcoidosis. BMJ Case Rep 2023;16(1):e250580. PubMed
  25. Williamson A, Martineau AR, Sheikh A, Jolliffe D, Griffiths CJ. Vitamin D for the management of asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023;2(2):CD011511. PubMed
  26. Kinesya E, Santoso D, Gde Arya N, et al. Vitamin D as adjuvant therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: Systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023;54:137-143. PubMed

See these in context on the Vitamin D monograph →

Calcium D-glucarate 5 references
  1. Dwivedi C, Heck WJ, Downie AA, et al. Effect of calcium glucarate on B-glucuronidase activity and glucarate content on certain vegetables and fruits. Biochem Med Metab Bio 1990;43:83-92.
  2. Furuno K, Matsubara S, Ando K, Suzuki S. Preventive effect of D-glucarate against renal damage induced by kanamycin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1976;29:950-3. PubMed
  3. Mezey E. Increased urinary excretion of D-glucarate acid in alcoholism. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1976;15:735-42.
  4. Pantuck EJ, Pantuck CB, Anderson KE, et al. Effect of brussels sprouts and cabbage on drug conjugation. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1984;35:161-9. PubMed
  5. Anon. Calcium-D-Glucarate. Altern Med Review 2002;7(4):336-9.

See these in context on the Calcium D-glucarate monograph →

Diindolylmethane 14 references
  1. Natl Inst Health, Natl Inst Environmental Health Sci. Indole-3-carbinol. Available at: http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov.
  2. Balk JL. Indole-3-carbinol for cancer prevention. Altern Med Alert 2000; 3:105-7.
  3. Riby JE, Chang GHF, Firestone GL, Bjeldanes LF. Ligand-independent activation of estrogen receptor function by 3,3'-diindolylmethane in human breast cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2000;60:167-77. PubMed
  4. Lake BG, Tredger JM, Renwick AB, et al. 3'3-diindolylmethane induces CYP1A2 in cultured precision-cut human liver slices. Xenobiotica 1998;28:803-11. PubMed
  5. Dalessandri, K. M., Firestone, G. L., Fitch, M. D., Bradlow, H. L., and Bjeldanes, L. F. Pilot study: effect of 3,3'-diindolylmethane supplements on urinary hormone metabolites in postmenopausal women with a history of early-stage breast cancer. Nutr Canc PubMed
  6. Reed, G. A., Arneson, D. W., Putnam, W. C., Smith, H. J., Gray, J. C., Sullivan, D. K., Mayo, M. S., Crowell, J. A., and Hurwitz, A. Single-dose and multiple-dose administration of indole-3-carbinol to women: pharmacokinetics based on 3,3'-diindolylmetha
  7. Reed, G. A., Sunega, J. M., Sullivan, D. K., Gray, J. C., Mayo, M. S., Crowell, J. A., and Hurwitz, A. Single-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of absorption-enhanced 3,3'-diindolylmethane in healthy subjects. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 2008; PubMed
  8. Del Priore G., Gudipudi, D. K., Montemarano, N., Restivo, A. M., Malanowska-Stega, J., and Arslan, A. A. Oral diindolylmethane (DIM): pilot evaluation of a nonsurgical treatment for cervical dysplasia. Gynecol.Oncol. 2010;116(3):464-467. PubMed
  9. Heath, E. I., Heilbrun, L. K., Li, J., Vaishampayan, U., Harper, F., Pemberton, P., and Sarkar, F. H. A phase I dose-escalation study of oral BR-DIM (BioResponse 3,3'- Diindolylmethane) in castrate-resistant, non-metastatic prostate cancer. Am.J.Transl.R
  10. Jellinck, P. H., Forkert, P. G., Riddick, D. S., Okey, A. B., Michnovicz, J. J., and Bradlow, H. L. Ah receptor binding properties of indole carbinols and induction of hepatic estradiol hydroxylation. Biochem.Pharmacol. 3-9-1993;45(5):1129-1136. PubMed
  11. Bui PV, Moualla M, Upson DJ. A Possible Association of Diindolylmethane with Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis. Case Rep Med. 2016;2016:7527098. PubMed
  12. Castañon A, Tristram A, Mesher D, Powell N, Beer H, Ashman S, Rieck G, Fielder H, Fiander A, Sasieni P. Effect of diindolylmethane supplementation on low-grade cervical cytological abnormalities: double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Br J Cancer. 20 PubMed
  13. Le TM, Sanders CJ, van de Corput L, van Erpecum KJ, Röckmann H. Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms caused by the dietary supplement diindolylmethane. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016 Jan-Feb;4(1):175-6. PubMed
  14. Pence ST, Mehta K, Crum-Bailey J. The Serious Side of Supplements: An Ischemic Stroke in a Healthy 38-year-old Female. Mil Med 2022. PubMed

See these in context on the Diindolylmethane monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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