Pycnogenol 200 mg Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by SuperSmart
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Pycnogenol 200 mg against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Pycnogenol 200 mg is a dietary supplement by SuperSmart with 1 active ingredient. Its ingredients are commonly taken for circulation and vein health, antioxidant support, skin health and aging.Based on those ingredients, 327 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Pycnogenol. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Pycnogenol 200 mg by SuperSmart
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Pycnogenol 200 mg by SuperSmart — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Pycnogenol 200 mg by SuperSmart
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This product contains a single active ingredient: Pycnogenol, a standardized extract of maritime pine bark, at 200 mg per capsule. The extract is the concentrated source of compounds studied for effects on blood vessels, blood sugar, and inflammation.
Acacia gum is listed as an inactive ingredient — a binder used to hold the capsule together.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
Pycnogenol has been studied for several conditions. The evidence rates it as possibly effective for osteoarthritis and chronic venous insufficiency (poor circulation in the legs) — meaning some clinical trials support benefit, but the evidence isn't yet robust.
For asthma, it's also rated possibly effective. For high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), the evidence suggests it's possibly ineffective, so it's not a reliable choice for that goal.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Maritime pine bark extract is generally well tolerated in the studies we have, though long-term safety hasn't been fully established. The most common side effects when taken by mouth are gastrointestinal complaints (stomach upset), dizziness, and vertigo (spinning sensation).
Headache and, rarely, chest pain have been reported in trials, though it's unclear whether those were caused by the extract itself. Because there isn't enough safety data, the extract is best avoided during pregnancy and while breastfeeding — talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you're in either situation and considering this product.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Check your blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs first — maritime pine bark can increase bleeding risk (Moderate severity). Also flag any diabetes medications you're on, as the extract may lower blood sugar further.
If you take immunosuppressants, that's another conversation with your pharmacist about whether this product will interfere with them.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Pycnogenol may help with osteoarthritis or leg circulation problems, but it's not your answer for high cholesterol. The main caution is its interaction with blood thinners, diabetes drugs, and immunosuppressants — if you take any of those, you need to check with your pharmacist first.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding are times to skip it unless your doctor says otherwise.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 1 of 1 active ingredient matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 22, 2024.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Pycnogenol 200 mg, straight from the product label.
| Brand | SuperSmart |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 5453003820482 |
| Net contents | 60 Vegetarian Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Aug 22, 2024 |
| DSLD ID | 315621 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Pycnogenol 200 mg by SuperSmart, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Pycnogenol - Horphag.
Formula
Pycnogenol 200 mg per day Pine bark extract
Each capsule contains 50 mg of Pycnogenol.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Recommended use: Adults. Take one to four capsules a day.
Precautions
Precautions: Do not exceed the recommended daily dose. This product is a nutritional supplement and should not replace a varied, balanced diet.
Keep out of childrens' reach.
As with any nutritional supplement, you should consult a health professional before taking this product if you are pregnant, breastfeeding or have a health problem.
Storage
Store away from direct light, heat and humidity.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Pycnogenol 200 mg by SuperSmart label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Pycnogenol 200 mg by SuperSmart
This is the 1 active ingredient this product is made of. Select it to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container15 Amounts shown are per serving.
Pycnogenol
Interacts with327 drugs
Maritime pine bark extract (often sold as Pycnogenol) is a plant-based antioxidant most studied for circulation, vein, and skin health. Some research...
Pycnogenol monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Acacia Gum. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Pycnogenol 200 mg by SuperSmart Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Pycnogenol 200 mg by SuperSmart contains one active ingredient — maritime pine bark extract — that interacts with several medication types.
The most serious concern is with blood thinners and antiplatelet drugs (Moderate severity): the extract may slow down how your blood clots, raising the risk of bleeding when combined with these medications. If you take warfarin, aspirin for heart protection, or other anticoagulants, you'll want to flag this one.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
It also affects two other major drug categories at Moderate severity. With diabetes medications, maritime pine bark extract may lower your blood sugar further, creating a risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) — one clinical study backs this up, so if you're on antidiabetes drugs, your glucose levels will need watching and your dose might need adjusting.
With immunosuppressant drugs (used after transplant or for certain autoimmune conditions), the extract may reduce how well they work by boosting your immune system, though this hasn't been seen in humans yet.
Altogether, these interactions span 322 individual medications. Before you start Pycnogenol, use the search tool on this page to check your exact prescriptions.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Pycnogenol 200 mg?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Pycnogenol 200 mg interact with 327 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
1 of the 1 ingredient in Pycnogenol 200 mg interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Pycnogenol
EculizumabSoliris
How Eculizumab interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Eculizumab interactionEdoxabanSavaysa
How Edoxaban interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Edoxaban interactionEfalizumabRaptiva
How Efalizumab interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Efalizumab interactionEffientPrasugrel
How Effient interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Effient interactionEfgartigimod Alfa-fcabVyvgart
How Efgartigimod Alfa-fcab interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Efgartigimod Alfa-fcab interactionElranatamabElrexfio
How Elranatamab interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Elranatamab interactionEmapalumab-lzsgGamifant
How Emapalumab-lzsg interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Emapalumab-lzsg interactionEmpagliflozinJardiance
How Empagliflozin interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Empagliflozin interactionEmpagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin HydrochlorideTrijardy XR
How Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionEmpagliflozin, MetforminSynjardy
How Empagliflozin, Metformin interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Empagliflozin, Metformin interactionEmpagliflozin, Metformin HydrochlorideSynjardy XR
How Empagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Empagliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionEnoxaparinLovenox
How Enoxaparin interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Enoxaparin interactionEpcoritamab-byspEpkinly
How Epcoritamab-bysp interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Epcoritamab-bysp interactionEptifibatideIntegrilin
How Eptifibatide interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Eptifibatide interactionErtugliflozinSteglatro
How Ertugliflozin interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Ertugliflozin interactionErtugliflozin, Metformin HydrochlorideSegluromet
How Ertugliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Ertugliflozin, Metformin Hydrochloride interactionEsomeprazole, NaproxenVimovo
How Esomeprazole, Naproxen interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Esomeprazole, Naproxen interactionEtanercept-szzsErelzi
How Etanercept-szzs interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Etanercept-szzs interactionEtanercept-ykroEticovo
How Etanercept-ykro interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Etanercept-ykro interactionEtrasimodVelsipity
How Etrasimod interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Etrasimod interactionExenatideBydureon, Byetta
How Exenatide interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Exenatide interactionExenatide SyntheticBydureon BCISE
How Exenatide Synthetic interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Exenatide Synthetic interactionFamotidine, IbuprofenDuexis
How Famotidine, Ibuprofen interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Famotidine, Ibuprofen interactionFingolimodGilenya, Tascenso ODT
How Fingolimod interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Fingolimod interactionFish Oil TriglyceridesOmegaven
How Fish Oil Triglycerides interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Fish Oil Triglycerides interactionFludrocortisoneFlorinef Acetate
How Fludrocortisone interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Fludrocortisone interactionFluorouracil (iv)Fluorouracil
How Fluorouracil (iv) interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Fluorouracil (iv) interactionFlupenthixolFluanxol
How Flupenthixol interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Flupenthixol interactionFondaparinuxArixtra
How Fondaparinux interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Fondaparinux interactionFostamatinibTavalisse
How Fostamatinib interacts with Pycnogenol 200 mg — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PycnogenolImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Pycnogenol + Fostamatinib interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Pycnogenol 200 mg with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Pycnogenol
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Clinical research suggests that maritime pine bark extract inhibits platelet aggregation. However, the clinical significance of this effect is unclear.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
One clinical study shows that maritime pine bark extract decreases blood sugar in patients with diabetes being treated with antidiabetes agents. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Immunosuppressants
Theoretically, maritime pine bark extract might decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressant therapy.
In vitro and animal research suggests that maritime pine bark extract has immunostimulant activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Pycnogenol 200 mg, from the product label.
SuperSmart
See all SuperSmart products- Name
- SN Worldwide Unipessoal, LDA
- Street Address
- Avenida Do Infante 66 Edificio Quinta Avenida 1 C
- City
- Funchal
- ZipCode
- 9000-015
Pycnogenol 200 mg by SuperSmart: Common Questions
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How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
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Why can't I take this with blood thinners?
Does this work for high cholesterol?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Pycnogenol 200 mg is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Pycnogenol 200 mg’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Sources & How We Checked
Pycnogenol 200 mg's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 14 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Maritime Pine 14 references
- Rice-Evans CA, Packer L, eds. Flavonoids in Health and Disease. Manhattan, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1998.
- Liu FJ, Zhang YX, Lau BH. Pycnogenol enhances immune and haemopoietic functions in senescence-accelerated mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 1998;54:1168-72. PubMed
- Putter M, Grotemeyer KH, Wurthwein G, et al. Inhibition of smoking-induced platelet aggregation by aspirin and pycnogenol. Thromb Res 1999;95:155-61. PubMed
- Kohama T, Inoue M. Pycnogenol alleviates pain associated with pregnancy. Phytother Res 2006;20:232-4.
- Liu X, Zhou HJ, Rohdewald P. French maritime pine bark extract pycnogenol dose-dependently lowers glucose in type 2 diabetic patients (letter). Diabetes Care 2004;27:839. PubMed
- Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, et al. Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II. Life Sci 2004;75:2505-13. PubMed
- Wilson D, Evans M, Guthrie N et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled exploratory study to evaluate the potential of pycnogenol for improving allergic rhinitis symptoms. Phytother Res 2010;24:1115-9.
- Araghi-Niknam, M., Hosseini, S., Larson, D., Rohdewald, P., and Watson, R. R. Pine bark extract reduces platelet aggregation. Integr.Med. 3-21-2000;2(2):73-77. PubMed
- Trebaticka, J., Kopasova, S., Hradecna, Z., Cinovsky, K., Skodacek, I., Suba, J., Muchova, J., Zitnanova, I., Waczulikova, I., Rohdewald, P., and Durackova, Z. Treatment of ADHD with French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol. Eur.Child Adolesc.Psychi PubMed
- Suzuki, N., Uebaba, K., Kohama, T., Moniwa, N., Kanayama, N., and Koike, K. French maritime pine bark extract significantly lowers the requirement for analgesic medication in dysmenorrhea: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
- Cisar, P., Jany, R., Waczulikova, I., Sumegova, K., Muchova, J., Vojtassak, J., Durackova, Z., Lisy, M., and Rohdewald, P. Effect of pine bark extract (Pycnogenol) on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. Phytother.Res. 2008;22(8):1087-1092.
- Enseleit, F., Sudano, I., Periat, D., Winnik, S., Wolfrum, M., Flammer, A. J., Frohlich, G. M., Kaiser, P., Hirt, A., Haile, S. R., Krasniqi, N., Matter, C. M., Uhlenhut, K., Hogger, P., Neidhart, M., Luscher, T. F., Ruschitzka, F., and Noll, G. Effects
- Schoonees, A., Visser, J., Musekiwa, A., and Volmink, J. Pycnogenol(R) (extract of French maritime pine bark) for the treatment of chronic disorders. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. 2012;4:CD008294.
- Wang S, Tan D Zhao Y et al. The effect of pycnogenol on the microcirculation, platelet function and ischemic myocardium in patients with coronary artery diseases. Eur Bull Drug Res 1999;7:19-25.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC