Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Rectum Lining Support Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Hawaii Pharm

Rectum Lining Support label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Rectum Lining Support against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Rectum Lining Support is a dietary supplement by Hawaii Pharm with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for cough and sore throat, dry mouth and throat irritation, digestive upset and heartburn.Based on those ingredients, 2,124 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Marshmallow Leaf Extract, Dry, Slippery Elm Bark Extract, Dry, Garlic Bulb Extract, Dry. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Rectum Lining Support by Hawaii Pharm

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Rectum Lining Support by Hawaii Pharm — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Rectum Lining Support by Hawaii Pharm

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 10, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Extract Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (983 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Rectum Lining Support contains 3 active ingredients: a proprietary extract blend (whose component parts are listed separately below), marshmallow leaf extract, garlic bulb extract, and slippery elm bark extract. Marshmallow and slippery elm are both demulcents — mucilage-rich plant materials traditionally used to coat and soothe inflamed tissue.

Garlic brings antimicrobial and circulation-supporting properties. The product also contains alcohol, water, and glycerin as inactive ingredients to preserve and carry the extracts in liquid form.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Atherosclerosis — rated "Possibly Effective" (Garlic) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Garlic) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Diabetes — rated "Possibly Effective" (Garlic) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Hypertension — rated "Possibly Effective" (Garlic) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Periodontitis — rated "Possibly Effective" (Garlic) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence we hold does not establish that marshmallow leaf works for any condition — the effectiveness ratings show insufficient reliable evidence for vaginal yeast infection, diarrhea, leg ulcers, eczema, and respiratory tract infections. Garlic, by contrast, is rated possibly effective for several uses: high blood pressure, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, and gum inflammation.

Slippery elm's effectiveness is similarly not established in our data — ratings show insufficient evidence for constipation, cough, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, and diarrhea.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Marshmallow Garlic Slippery Elm

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Marshmallow leaf and slippery elm are generally well tolerated for short-term use, but high-quality human safety data are limited for both. Garlic as a food is generally safe, though supplements can cause stomach upset (abdominal pain, gas, bloating, nausea, body odor) and may increase bleeding risk — a concern if you're already taking blood thinners.

Allergic reactions including rash, hives, and (rarely) immediate sensitivity reactions have been reported with garlic. Marshmallow and slippery elm have insufficient safety information for pregnancy and should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding based on available data.

Garlic is rated likely safe in pregnancy and likely safe during lactation, though one rating notes it's possibly unsafe in pregnancy — talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized guidance on any ingredient during these times.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Marshmallow Garlic Slippery Elm

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Garlic, Marshmallow, Slippery Elm.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 2,125 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take blood thinners or warfarin (increased bleeding risk), blood pressure medications (risk of low blood pressure), diabetes drugs (risk of low blood sugar), lithium (risk of lithium toxicity), HIV protease inhibitors, or any drug taken by mouth (absorption may be slowed or levels may shift). Garlic may also affect how your liver processes certain medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may appeal to people looking for traditional demulcent support for digestive comfort, though the evidence for its ingredients is limited. If you take blood thinners, blood pressure medication, diabetes drugs, or lithium, you should check your specific medications with your doctor or pharmacist before starting — garlic and marshmallow can significantly affect how these drugs work.

Anyone pregnant or breastfeeding should discuss it with their healthcare provider first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 24, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Rectum Lining Support, straight from the product label.

Brand Hawaii Pharm
Barcode (UPC) 840253663191
Net contents 4 Fluid Ounce(s); 120 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 24, 2023
DSLD ID 301786
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Rectum Lining Support by Hawaii Pharm, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.7 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 mL
Servings per container
120
UPC/BARCODE
840253663191
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Extract Blend983 mg--
Marshmallow Leaf Extract, Dry0 NP--
Garlic Bulb Extract, Dry0 NP--
Slippery Elm Bark Extract, Dry0 NP--

Other ingredients: Alcohol, Water, Glycerin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Hawaii Pharm Herbal Extract Highest quality since 2008

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Shake well before using. For adults add about 20-30 drops (0.7-1 mL, one full squeeze of the dropper bulb) to some juice or water, up to 4 times a day.

Precautions

Warning: We recommend to seek expert medical advice before taking.

Do not use if you are allergic to any ingredients.

Consult your physician before giving to children under 18, during pregnancy, if nursing or taking medications.

Consult your physician before giving to children under 18, during pregnancy, if nursing or taking medications.

May affect the ability to drive and operate machinery. May have contraindications, can cause side effects and adverse reactions. Do not use if seal is broken or missing.

Keep out of the reach of children!

Storage

Store in a cool dry place.

Seals/Symbols

cGMP Made in compliance with cGMP 21 CFR 111 in an FDA registered and inspected facility.

Organic Alcohol Based USA Made in United States of America

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This product has not been evaluated by the FDA and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Formulation

Made in USA, Hawaii

Only natural ingredients Purity is laboratory tested and verified

All the raw materials are gluten-free by their nature No artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives

Not tested on animals

Organic Alcohol Based

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

Formula

Organic Alcohol Based

General Statements

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See for yourself

Rectum Lining Support by Hawaii Pharm label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Rectum Lining Support label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Rectum Lining Support by Hawaii Pharm

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.7 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container120 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Extract Blend

983 mg per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Alcohol, Water, Glycerin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Rectum Lining Support by Hawaii Pharm Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Rectum Lining Support?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
2,124Drugs
2,124 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Marshmallow Leaf Extract, Dry 2,040
Slippery Elm Bark Extract, Dry 2,022
Garlic Bulb Extract, Dry 989

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Rectum Lining Support interact with 2,124 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 3 ingredients in Rectum Lining Support interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Marshmallow Leaf Extract, Dry Slippery Elm Bark Extract, Dry Garlic Bulb Extract, Dry

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Rectum Lining Support with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Marshmallow Leaf Extract, Dry3 drug types · 2,040 drugs

Lithium

Theoretically, due to potential diuretic effects, marshmallow might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Marshmallow is thought to have diuretic properties. To avoid lithium toxicity, the dose of lithium might need to be decreased when used with marshmallow.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, marshmallow flower might have antiplatelet effects.
Animal research suggests that marshmallow flower extract has antiplatelet effects. However, the root and leaf of marshmallow, not the flower, are the plant parts most commonly found in dietary supplements. Theoretically, use of marshmallow flower with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs can have additive effects, and might increase the risk for bleeding in some patients.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Oral Drugs

Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Marshmallow contains mucilage which can affect oral drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take marshmallow 30-60 minutes after oral medications.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Marshmallow Leaf Extract, Dry full monograph & interactions

Slippery Elm Bark Extract, Dry1 drug type · 2,022 drugs

Oral Drugs

Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Slippery elm inner bark contains mucilage, which may interfere with the absorption of orally administered drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Slippery Elm Bark Extract, Dry full monograph & interactions

Garlic Bulb Extract, Dry12 drug types · 989 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Garlic may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Raw garlic and a variety of garlic extracts have antiplatelet activity and can increase prothrombin time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking garlic with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical research suggests that garlic and garlic extract lower blood glucose levels in healthy and diabetic individuals.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking garlic with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
In human research, both garlic and garlic extracts have blood pressure-lowering effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Atazanavir (Reyataz)

Theoretically, garlic might decrease levels and effects of atazanavir.
In a case report, a patient consuming six stir-fried garlic cloves three times weekly developed suboptimal atazanavir levels and increases in HIV viral load. While the exact cause of this interaction is unclear, there is speculation that garlic might decrease the intestinal absorption of atazanavir or increase its metabolism by inducing cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Until more is known, advise patients not to consume large amounts of garlic while taking atazanavir.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates

Garlic might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2E1.
Clinical research suggests garlic oil can inhibit the activity of CYP2E1 by 39%. Use garlic oil cautiously in patients taking drugs metabolized by these enzymes.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and inhibit hepatic CYP3A4. This may increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Some human research suggests that garlic may induce INTESTINAL CYP3A4, reducing levels of drugs metabolized by this enzyme. This is primarily based on a study showing that taking a specific allicin-containing garlic product (GarliPure Maximum Allicin Formula, Natrol Inc.) twice daily for 3 days reduces saquinavir levels by approximately 50%. It is speculated that the allicin constituent induced CYP3A4 in the gut mucosa. Another study shows that giving docetaxel intravenously, bypassing the CYP3A4 enzymes in the gut mucosa, along with the same specific garlic product for 12 consecutive days, does not affect docetaxel levels. Conversely, there is concern that garlic may inhibit HEPATIC CYP3A4. In a single case report, increased tacrolimus levels and liver injury occurred in a liver transplant patient after taking a specific garlic supplement (Garlicin Cardio, Nature's Way) at up to three times the manufacturer recommended dose for 7 days. Several other studies have evaluated the impact of other garlic formulations on CYP3A4 substrates and have found no effect. Most of the products in these studies provided little or no allicin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Isoniazid

Theoretically, garlic might decrease levels of isoniazid.
Animal research suggests that an aqueous extract of garlic reduces isoniazid levels by about 65%. Garlic reduced the maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC), but not the half-life, of isoniazid. This suggests that garlic extract might inhibit isoniazid absorption across the intestinal mucosa; however, the exact mechanism of this potential interaction is not known.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Protease Inhibitors (Pis)

Theoretically, garlic products containing allicin might decrease levels of PIs.
Protease inhibitors are metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) isoenzymes. There is concern that garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4, reducing plasma levels of protease inhibitors. This is primarily based on a study showing that taking a specific garlic product (GarliPure Maximum Allicin Formula, Natrol Inc.) twice daily for 3 days reduces levels of saquinavir, a PI, by approximately 50%. It is speculated that the allicin constituent induce CYP3A4 in the gut mucosa. Several studies have evaluated the impact of other garlic formulations on CYP3A4 substrates and have found no effect. Most of the products in these studies provided little or no allicin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Saquinavir (Fortovase, Invirase)

Theoretically, garlic containing allicin might decrease levels of saquinavir.
Saquinavir is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) isoenzymes. There is concern that garlic products containing allicin might induce intestinal CYP3A4 and cause subtherapeutic levels of saquinavir. This is primarily based on a pharmacokinetic study showing that taking a specific garlic product (GarliPure Maximum Allicin Formula, Natrol Inc.) twice daily for 3 days reduces saquinavir levels by approximately 50%. It is speculated that the allicin constituent induces CYP3A4 in the gut mucosa. Several pharmacokinetic studies have evaluated the impact of other garlic formulations on CYP3A4 substrates and have found no effect. Most of the products in these studies provided little or no allicin. Until more is known about this potential interaction, use garlic containing allicin cautiously in patients taking saquinavir.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi)

Theoretically, taking garlic with sofosbuvir might decrease its effectiveness.
Animal research in rats shows that giving aged garlic extract 120 mg/kg orally daily for 14 days decreases the area under the concentration time curve (AUC) after a single sofosbuvir dose of 40 mg/kg by 36%, increases the clearance by 63%, and decreases the plasma concentrations at 1 and 8 hours by 35% and 58%, respectively. This interaction is hypothesized to be due to induction of intestinal P-glycoprotein expression by garlic.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tacrolimus (Prograf)

Theoretically, garlic might increase levels of tacrolimus.
In one case report, a liver transplant patient taking tacrolimus experienced increased tacrolimus levels and liver injury after taking a specific garlic supplement (Garlicin Cardio, Nature's Way) at up to three times the manufacturer recommended dose for 7 days. It is speculated that garlic inhibited hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which increased plasma levels of tacrolimus.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, garlic might increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Raw garlic and a variety of garlic extracts have antiplatelet activity and can increase prothrombin time. In addition, there is a report of two patients who experienced an increase in a previously stabilized international normalized ratio (INR) with concomitant garlic and warfarin use. However, this report has been subsequently debated due to limited clinical information. Other clinical studies have not identified an effect of garlic on INR, warfarin pharmacokinetics, or bleeding risk. More evidence is needed to determine the safety of using garlic with warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Garlic Bulb Extract, Dry full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Rectum Lining Support, from the product label.

Hawaii Pharm

See all Hawaii Pharm products
Name
Hawaii Pharm LLC
Street Address
510 Sumner St. Ste. 613
City
Honolulu
State
HI
ZipCode
96817
Phone Number
888-854-2924
Web Address
www.hawaiipharm.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Rectum Lining Support by Hawaii Pharm: Common Questions

Does Rectum Lining Support by Hawaii Pharm interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Rectum Lining Support has a known interaction with 2,124 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Rectum Lining Support contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does garlic in this product actually lower blood pressure or blood sugar?
Research suggests garlic extract can lower blood pressure and blood glucose, which is why it's rated possibly effective for high blood pressure and diabetes. That same effect, though, means if you're already on blood pressure or diabetes medication, garlic could push your levels too low — so check with your doctor or pharmacist before combining them.
Is it safe to take this while I'm on a blood thinner like warfarin?
No — not without your doctor's approval. Garlic has antiplatelet effects and can increase bleeding risk on top of what your blood thinner already does. There's even a case report of patients whose warfarin levels rose unexpectedly after adding garlic. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're on any blood thinner.
Why does the product say to space it 30–60 minutes away from other oral medications?
Both marshmallow and slippery elm contain mucilage, a sticky substance that can coat your digestive tract and slow how your body absorbs pills. Spacing them out helps your other medications get absorbed properly and work as intended.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
The safety data for marshmallow and slippery elm during pregnancy and breastfeeding are too limited — the product facts advise against them during both times. Garlic is rated likely safe during lactation, but ratings on garlic in pregnancy are mixed. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist to weigh the risks and benefits for your situation.
What side effects might I notice from the garlic in this?
Garlic commonly causes stomach upset — abdominal pain, gas, bloating, nausea, and bad breath or body odor. Allergic reactions including rash and hives are possible in sensitive people. Rare serious concerns include increased bleeding risk.
Does this product actually work for digestive problems?
The evidence we hold shows insufficient reliable data for marshmallow and slippery elm on constipation, diarrhea, and other digestive complaints. While these plants have been used traditionally as demulcents (soothing agents), we don't have strong clinical proof they work for those purposes.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Rectum Lining Support label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Rectum Lining Support’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Marshmallow

Interacts with 2,040 drugs

Marshmallow root is a traditional herb rich in soothing, gel-like fibers called mucilage, which is why it has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and stomach irritation. Evidence for th...

Read the full Marshmallow monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Garlic

Interacts with 989 drugs

Garlic is a common food and supplement that may modestly help with blood pressure and cholesterol, though the evidence is mixed and effects are usually small. It is generally safe in food am...

Read the full Garlic monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Slippery Elm

Interacts with 2,022 drugs

Slippery elm is a traditional herbal remedy made from the inner bark of a North American elm tree, used mainly to soothe sore throats and irritated digestive tracts. Its mucilage can coat an...

Read the full Slippery Elm monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Rectum Lining Support's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 162 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Marshmallow 5 references
  1. Monographs on the medicinal uses of plant drugs. Exeter, UK: European Scientific Co-op Phytother, 1997.
  2. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  3. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  4. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  5. Hage-Sleiman R, Mroueh M, Daher CF. Pharmacological evaluation of aqueous extract of Althaea officinalis flower grown in Lebanon. Pharm Biol 2011;49(3):327-33.

See these in context on the Marshmallow monograph →

Garlic 154 references
  1. Silagy CA, Neil HA. A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure. J Hypertens 1994;12:463-8. DOI
  2. McMahon FG, Vargas R. Can garlic lower blood pressure? A pilot study. Pharmacotherapy 1993;13:406-7. DOI
  3. Auer W, Eiber A, Hertkorn E, et al. Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia: garlic helps in mild cases. Br J Clin Pract Suppl 1990;69:3-6.
  4. Garty BZ. Garlic burns. Pediatrics 1993;91:658-9.
  5. Rose KD, Croissant PD, Parliament CF, Levin MB. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma with associated platelet dysfunction from excessive garlic ingestion: a case report. Neurosurg 1990;26:880-2. PubMed
  6. Burnham BE. Garlic as a possible risk for postoperative bleeding. Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;95:213.
  7. Sunter WH. Warfarin and garlic. Pharm J 1991;246:722.
  8. Berthold HK, Sudhop T, von Bergmann K. Effect of a garlic oil preparation on serum lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism. JAMA 1998;279:1900-2.
  9. Steiner M, Khan AH, Holbert D, Lin RI. A double-blind crossover study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men that compared the effect of aged garlic extract and placebo administration on blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;64:866-70. PubMed
  10. Steiner M, Lin RS. Changes in platelet function and susceptibility of lipoproteins to oxidation associated with administration of aged garlic extract. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1998;31:904-8. PubMed
  11. Gwilt PR, Lear CL, Tempero MA, et al. The effect of garlic extract on human metabolism of acetaminophen. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1994;3:155-60.
  12. Rahman K, Billington D. Dietary supplementation with aged garlic extract inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation in humans. J Nutr 2000;130:2662-5. PubMed
  13. Bloch AS. Pushing the Envelope of Nutrition Support: Complementary Therapies. Nutrition 2000;16:236-9. PubMed
  14. Steiner M, Li W. Aged garlic extract, a modulator of cardiovascular risk factors: a dose-finding study on the effects of AGE on platelet functions. J Nutr 2001;131:980S-4S. PubMed
  15. Mader FH. Treatment of hyperlipidaemia with garlic-powder tablets. Evidence from the German Association of General Practitioners' multicentric placebo-controlled double-blind study. Arzneimittelforschung 1990;40:1111-6.
  16. Vorberg G, Schneider B. Therapy with garlic: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Br J Clin Pract Symp Suppl 1990;69:7-11.
  17. Simons LA, Balasubramaniam S, von Konigsmark M, et al. On the effect of garlic on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in mild hypercholesterolaemia. Atherosclerosis 1995;113:219-25. PubMed
  18. Neil HA, Silagy CA, Lancaster T, et al. Garlic powder in the treatment of moderate hyperlipidaemia: a controlled trial and meta-analysis. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1996;30:329-34. DOI
  19. Koscielny J, Klussendorf D, Latza R, et al. The antiatherosclerotic effect of Allium sativum. Atherosclerosis 1999;144:237-49. PubMed
  20. Kiesewetter H, Jung F, Jung EM, et al. Effects of garlic coated tablets in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Clin Investig 1993;71:383-6. PubMed
  21. Kiesewetter H, Jung F, Jung EM, et al. Effect of garlic on platelet aggregation in patients with increased risk of juvenile ischaemic attack. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993;45:333-6. PubMed
  22. Legnani C, Frascaro M, Guazzaloca G, et al. Effects of a dried garlic preparation on fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation in healthy subjects. Arzneimittelforschung 1993;43:119-22.
  23. Mennella JA, Johnson A, Beauchamp GK. Garlic ingestion by pregnant women alters the odor of amniotic fluid. Chem Senses 1995;20:207-9. PubMed
  24. Mennella JA, Beauchamp GK. Maternal diet alters the sensory qualities of human milk and the nursling's behavior. Pediatrics 1991;88:737-44. DOI
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Slippery Elm 3 references
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