Relaxing Sleep Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Herb Pharm
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Relaxing Sleep against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Relaxing Sleep is a dietary supplement by Herb Pharm with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for anxiety and stress, trouble sleeping, restlessness.Based on those ingredients, 1,004 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, Undried, Valerian Rhizome, Root Extract, Fresh, Hops Strobile Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Relaxing Sleep by Herb Pharm
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AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Relaxing Sleep by Herb Pharm
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Relaxing Sleep is a 5-ingredient liquid blend built on herbal sedatives. The active ingredients are passionflower aerial parts extract, catnip flowering aerial parts extract (fresh, undried), chamomile flower extract (fresh, undried), hops strobile extract, and valerian root and rhizome extract (fresh).
The product also contains cane alcohol, distilled water, and glycerin as inactive ingredients.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
Evidence for this product's ingredients is mixed. Passionflower and valerian are each rated possibly effective for insomnia, and passionflower is possibly effective for pre-procedural anxiety.
Chamomile, hops, and catnip, however, lack reliable evidence for the conditions they're traditionally used for — the data we hold rates them insufficient to determine if they work. If you're considering this product for sleep, passionflower and valerian have some research behind them; the others are unproven in clinical trials.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Passionflower is generally well tolerated short-term but can cause drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, and sedation. A rare case reported severe nausea, vomiting, and heart rhythm changes at very high doses.
Catnip and hops are generally well tolerated in typical amounts, though catnip can cause headache, vomiting, and malaise, and hops may cause drowsiness. Chamomile is generally well tolerated but can trigger allergic reactions — especially in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants — and rare reports include severe allergic reactions.
Valerian is generally well tolerated short-term and commonly causes dizziness, drowsiness, and mental slowness; headache and stomach upset occur in some users. Rarely, chronic use and sudden stopping can trigger withdrawal symptoms like anxiety and insomnia — taper slowly if you've been taking it long-term.
Passionflower is rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy due to lack of safety data and possible effects on the uterus; avoid it while pregnant. Catnip may stimulate the uterus and safety isn't established — best avoided in pregnancy.
Chamomile and hops lack enough safety information for pregnancy, so they're best avoided unless your doctor approves. Valerian safety hasn't been established in pregnancy — avoid it.
For breastfeeding, passionflower, catnip, hops, and valerian all lack enough safety data; chamomile has limited data, so check with your doctor or pharmacist before using while nursing.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking Relaxing Sleep, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on sedative or sleep medications (CNS depressants), blood thinners especially warfarin, birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy, lithium, or any drug your liver metabolizes — including many heart and blood-pressure medications. Also avoid or discuss combining it with alcohol.
These Moderate and Minor severity interactions span multiple drug types and could change how your medications work.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Relaxing Sleep may help if you have insomnia or pre-procedural anxiety — passionflower and valerian carry some research support — but chamomile, hops, and catnip are unproven for their traditional uses. This product is not for you if you take sedative medications, blood thinners like warfarin, birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy, lithium, or alcohol regularly, without clearing it first with your doctor or pharmacist.
Pregnant and breastfeeding individuals should talk with their healthcare provider before use.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 22, 2024.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Relaxing Sleep, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Herb Pharm |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 090700014490 |
| Net contents | 2 Fluid Ounce(s); 60 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Feb 22, 2024 |
| DSLD ID | 307821 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Organic, Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Relaxing Sleep by Herb Pharm, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Certified Organic Extract Blend | 637 mg | -- |
| Catnip Flowering Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried | 0 NP | -- |
| Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, Undried | 0 NP | -- |
| Hops Strobile Extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Valerian Rhizome, Root Extract, Fresh | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Cane Alcohol, Water, Distilled, Glycerin
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use Shake well before using Adults: Add 1 squeeze of the dropper bulb to 2 oz. of water or juice, 1 hour before bed and again at bedtime. May be taken up to 4 times per day for general relaxation. Best taken between meals.
Precautions
Keep out of the reach of children
Storage
Store away from heat & light
Formulation
Nervous system Calming & relaxing
Gluten-free
Certified organic by Organic Certifiers
Seals/Symbols
USDA Organic
FDA Statement of Identity
Herbal Supplement
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Relaxing Sleep by Herb Pharm label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Relaxing Sleep by Herb Pharm
These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size0.7 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container84 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Other (inactive) ingredients: Cane Alcohol, Water, Distilled, Glycerin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Relaxing Sleep by Herb Pharm Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Herb Pharm's Relaxing Sleep contains passionflower, catnip, chamomile, hops, and valerian — all of which interact with medications.
The most serious concern is a Moderate-severity interaction between chamomile and warfarin (a blood thinner): chamomile may increase warfarin's effects and raise your bleeding risk. One case documented a patient on warfarin who developed dangerous internal bleeding after drinking chamomile tea daily.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
All five active ingredients can add to the drowsiness of sedative medications (CNS depressants) — a Moderate-severity interaction shared by passionflower, catnip, chamomile, hops, and valerian. This means combining this product with sleep aids, anti-anxiety drugs, or other sedating medications could cause excessive drowsiness.
Valerian also has a Moderate interaction with alcohol; combining them may intensify sedation.
Chamomile interacts with birth control pills and hormone replacement therapy (estrogens) — theoretically reducing their effectiveness if you take large amounts. It may also increase levels of certain heart, blood-pressure, and other drugs processed through your liver (CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 substrates).
Valerian weakly affects drugs cleared through glucuronidation, and passionflower and hops theoretically affect CYP3A4 drug metabolism — these are Minor-severity interactions. Catnip has a Moderate interaction with lithium; it may reduce lithium excretion and raise lithium levels, potentially requiring a dose adjustment.
Altogether, these interactions span 1,005 individual medications. Check your exact prescriptions with the medication interaction tool on this page before starting Relaxing Sleep.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Relaxing Sleep?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Relaxing Sleep interact with 1,004 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
5 of the 5 ingredients in Relaxing Sleep interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, Undried Valerian Rhizome, Root Extract, Fresh Hops Strobile Extract Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract Catnip Flowering Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried
AnagrelideAgrylin
How Anagrelide interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, Undried + Anagrelide interactionHops Strobile ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Hops extract does not seem to affect the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Hops Strobile Extract + Anagrelide interactionAsenapineSaphris, Secuado
How Asenapine interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, Undried + Asenapine interactionHops Strobile ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Hops extract does not seem to affect the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Hops Strobile Extract + Asenapine interactionBendamustineBelrapzo, Treanda, Vivimusta
How Bendamustine interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hops Strobile ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Hops extract does not seem to affect the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Hops Strobile Extract + Bendamustine interactionChamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, Undried + Bendamustine interactionBendamustine HydrochlorideBendeka
How Bendamustine Hydrochloride interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, Undried + Bendamustine Hydrochloride interactionHops Strobile ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Hops extract does not seem to affect the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Hops Strobile Extract + Bendamustine Hydrochloride interactionBrincidofovirTembexa
How Brincidofovir interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Brincidofovir interactionCeliprololCelicard
How Celiprolol interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Celiprolol interactionCerivastatin SodiumBaycol
How Cerivastatin Sodium interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Cerivastatin Sodium interactionCinoxacinCinobac
How Cinoxacin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Cinoxacin interactionCiprofloxacinCiloxan, Cipro, Cipro IV, Cipro XR, Ciprobay, Otiprio
How Ciprofloxacin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Ciprofloxacin interactionCiprofloxacin, HydrocortisoneCipro HC Otic
How Ciprofloxacin, Hydrocortisone interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Ciprofloxacin, Hydrocortisone interactionClinafloxacinClinafloxacin
How Clinafloxacin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Clinafloxacin interactionEnoxacinPenetrex
How Enoxacin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Enoxacin interactionEphedrine Sulfate, Hydroxyzine, TheophyllineHydroxy Compound
How Ephedrine Sulfate, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hops Strobile ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Hops extract does not seem to affect the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Hops Strobile Extract + Ephedrine Sulfate, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionChamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, Undried + Ephedrine Sulfate, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionEphedrine, Hydroxyzine, TheophyllineAmi Rax, Marax
How Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hops Strobile ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Hops extract does not seem to affect the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Hops Strobile Extract + Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionChamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, Undried + Ephedrine, Hydroxyzine, Theophylline interactionFezolinetantVeozah
How Fezolinetant interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Hops Strobile ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Hops extract does not seem to affect the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Hops Strobile Extract + Fezolinetant interactionChamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, Undried + Fezolinetant interactionGatifloxacinTequin, Tequin Injection
How Gatifloxacin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Gatifloxacin interactionGemifloxacinFactive
How Gemifloxacin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Gemifloxacin interactionGrepafloxacinRaxar
How Grepafloxacin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Grepafloxacin interactionChamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, Undried + Grepafloxacin interactionHops Strobile ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Hops extract does not seem to affect the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Hops Strobile Extract + Grepafloxacin interactionGuaifenesin, TheophyllineBronchial, Mudrane GG-2, Quibron, Quibron-300, Theolair-Plus
How Guaifenesin, Theophylline interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, UndriedCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Read the full Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, Undried + Guaifenesin, Theophylline interactionHops Strobile ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Hops extract does not seem to affect the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Hops Strobile Extract + Guaifenesin, Theophylline interactionIsoniazid, Pyrazinamide, RifampinRifater
How Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampin interactionIsoniazid, RifampinRifamate
How Isoniazid, Rifampin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Isoniazid, Rifampin interactionLevofloxacinLeva-pak, Levaquin, Levaquin Injection
How Levofloxacin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Levofloxacin interactionLevofloxacin (ophthalmic)Levofloxacin
How Levofloxacin (ophthalmic) interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Levofloxacin (ophthalmic) interactionLomefloxacinMaxaquin
How Lomefloxacin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Lomefloxacin interactionMethotrexateOtrexup, Rasuvo, Reditrex, Rheumatrex
How Methotrexate interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Methotrexate interactionMethotrexate SodiumXatmep
How Methotrexate Sodium interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Methotrexate Sodium interactionMoxifloxacinAvelox
How Moxifloxacin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Moxifloxacin interactionNalidixic AcidNegGram
How Nalidixic Acid interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Nalidixic Acid interactionNorfloxacinNorflox, Noroxin
How Norfloxacin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Norfloxacin interactionOfloxacinFloxin, Floxin Injection, Floxin Otic, Oflox
How Ofloxacin interacts with Relaxing Sleep — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Passionflower Aerial Parts ExtractOrganic Anion-transporting Polypeptide Substrates (oatp) Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract + Ofloxacin interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Relaxing Sleep with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Chamomile Flower Extract, Fresh, Undried
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, German chamomile might have additive effects when used with CNS depressants.
German chamomile has mild sedative effects. Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative properties can cause additive effects and side effects.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity. Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with contraceptive drugs through competition for estrogen receptors.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP2C9 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 in patients taking German chamomile.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP2D6 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP2D6. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 in patients taking German chamomile.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro evidence shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP3A4. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 in patients taking German chamomile.
Estrogens
Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might reduce the effectiveness of estrogens.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity. Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with hormone replacement therapy through competition for estrogen receptors.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, large amounts of German chamomile might interfere with the activity of tamoxifen.
In vitro, German chamomile has demonstrated antiestrogenic activity.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
German chamomile might increase the effects of warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.
In one case, a 70-year-old female taking warfarin developed retroperitoneal hematoma and bilateral recti muscle bleeding along with an INR of 7.9 following ingestion of German chamomile tea 4-5 cups daily and use of a topical chamomile-based lotion applied 4-5 times daily.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2 and increase levels of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
In vitro and animal research shows that German chamomile might inhibit CYP1A2. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, there might be an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 in patients taking German chamomile.
Valerian Rhizome, Root Extract, Fresh
Alcohol (Ethanol)
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with alcohol.
Valerian has sedative effects. Theoretically, valerian might have an additive sedative effect when combined with alcohol. Excessive sedation has been reported in an alcohol-abusing individual who took valerian and Gingko biloba. However, the potential interaction between valerian and alcohol has been disputed in other research. Limited evidence suggests that a combination of valerian 160 mg and lemon balm 80 mg (Euvegal) does not cause further deterioration in reaction ability and reaction rate when taken with alcohol as compared to the effects of alcohol alone.
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used with alprazolam. Also, valerian in high doses might modestly increase alprazolam levels, though this is not likely to be clinically significant.
Valerian has sedative effects. Theoretically, valerian might cause additive sedation when combined with alprazolam. Also, a small pharmacokinetic study shows that taking valerian extract 1000 mg daily (providing 11 mg valerenic acid) might increase alprazolam levels by about 19%. This might be due to valerian's mild inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Despite being statistically significant, this increase is not likely to be clinically significant.
Cns Depressants
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with CNS depressant drugs.
Theoretically, concomitant use of valerian and drugs with sedative and anesthetic properties may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects.
Glucuronidated Drugs
Valerian might weakly inhibit glucuronidation and increase concentrations of drugs metabolized by UGT1A1 and UGT2B7.
In vitro research shows that methanolic valerian extract and valerenic acid might competitively inhibit UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 (UGT1A1) and UGT2B7.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Although some in vitro evidence suggests that valerian affects CYP2D6, clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies show that valerian is unlikely to affect the CYP2D6 enzyme. In one PK study, taking valerian 1000 mg (providing about 11 mg valerenic acid) nightly for 14 days did not affect the metabolism of dextromethorphan, a CYP2D6 substrate. In another PK study, taking valerian 125 mg three times daily for 28 days did not affect metabolism of debrisoquine, an accepted CYP2D6 probe-substrate.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Although some in vitro evidence suggests that valerian extract might inhibit or induce CYP3A4, clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies show that valerian does not have a clinically significant effect on the CYP3A4 enzyme. In one PK study, taking valerian 125 mg three times daily for 28 days did not affect metabolism of midazolam, an accepted CYP3A4 probe-substrate. In another PK study, taking valerian 1000 mg (providing about 11 mg valerenic acid) nightly for 14 days modestly increases levels of alprazolam, a CYP3A4 substrate, suggesting mild inhibition of CYP3A4. However, this mild inhibition is unlikely to be clinically relevant.
Hops Strobile Extract
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, concomitant use of hops with sedative drugs might cause additive sedation.
Some animal research shows that hops has sedative effects.
Estrogens
Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of hops might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.
In vitro research suggests that certain hops constituents can competitively bind to estrogen receptors. However, most hops extracts contain very small amounts of these constituents.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Hops extract does not seem to affect the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that flavonoid constituents of hops inhibit CYP1A2 enzyme activity. However, a pharmacokinetic study in healthy postmenopausal patients shows that taking a standardized extract of spent hops containing prenylated phenols, as 59.5 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, does not affect levels of caffeine, a CYP1A2 probe substrate.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, hops extract might alter metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates; however, this effect may not be clinically significant.
Animal research suggests that specific constituents of hops, called lupulones, can induce hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme activity. However, a pharmacokinetic study in healthy postmenopausal patients with normal metabolism shows that taking a standardized extract of spent hops containing prenylated phenols, as 59.5 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, decreases the concentration of alprazolam, a CYP3A4 probe substrate, by 7.6%. This reduction is unlikely to be clinically relevant.
Passionflower Aerial Parts Extract
Cns Depressants
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Research in animals and humans shows that passion flower has sedative effects which can be additive when used with sedative medications like lorazepam.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that passion flower can induce CYP3A4 enzymes, albeit to a much lower degree than rifampin, a known CYP3A4 inducer.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the passion flower constituents apigenin and vitexin inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. This inhibition may be dose-dependent. One specific high-flavonoid passion flower extract (Valverde) seems to inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2, while another extract with a lower flavonoid concentration (Arkocaps) shows less potent inhibition. OATPs are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body; however, the specific activities of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 are not well characterized.
Catnip Flowering Aerial Parts Extract, Fresh, Undried
Cns Depressants
Theoretically, concomitant use with drugs with sedative properties may cause additive effects and side effects.
Clinical and animal research shows that catnip has sedative properties.
Lithium
Theoretically, catnip might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Catnip is thought to have diuretic properties which might reduce lithium excretion. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Relaxing Sleep, from the product label.
Herb Pharm
See all Herb Pharm products- Name
- Herb Pharm
- City
- Williams
- State
- OR
- ZipCode
- 97544
- Phone Number
- 800-348-4372
- Web Address
- www.herb-pharm.com
Relaxing Sleep by Herb Pharm: Common Questions
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The Full Monographs Behind Relaxing Sleep’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Passion Flower
Interacts with 836 drugsPassion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep. Early studies hint it may help with mild anxiety and restlessness, but the evidence is limited and mo...
Read the full Passion Flower monograph → Herb & supplement monographCatnip
Interacts with 248 drugsCatnip is a mint-family herb most often used as a calming tea for sleep, anxiety, and minor digestive upset, but solid human research supporting these uses is lacking. It is generally consid...
Read the full Catnip monograph → Herb & supplement monographGerman Chamomile
Interacts with 960 drugsGerman chamomile is a widely used herbal remedy taken mainly as a tea for calming, sleep, and digestive complaints. Early research suggests possible benefits for mild anxiety and some skin o...
Read the full German Chamomile monograph → Herb & supplement monographHops
Interacts with 863 drugsHops are most often used for sleep and mild anxiety, frequently combined with valerian, but the human evidence is limited and not very strong. They are generally well tolerated when used sho...
Read the full Hops monograph → Herb & supplement monographValerian
Interacts with 902 drugsValerian is an herb whose root is widely used as a natural sleep aid and for calming nerves. The evidence is mixed and often weak, so it may help some people sleep but does not work reliably...
Read the full Valerian monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Relaxing Sleep's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 93 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Passion Flower 19 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Fisher AA, Purcell P, Le Couteur DG. Toxicity of Passiflora incarnata L. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000;38:63-6.
- Akhondzadeh S, Naghavi HR, Shayeganpour A, et al. Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam. J Clin Pharm Ther 2001;26:363-7. PubMed
- Farnsworth N, Bingel A, Cordell G, et al. Potential value of plants as sources of new antifertility agents I. J Pharm Sci 1975;64:535-98. DOI
- Mori A, Hasegawa K, Murasaki M, et al. Clinical evaluation of Passiflamin (passiflora extract) on neurosis - multicenter double blind study in comparison with mexazolam. Rinsho Hyoka (Clinical Evaluation) 1993;21:383-440.
- Miyasaka LS, Atallah AN, Soares BG. Passiflora for anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(1):CD004518. DOI
- Speroni E., Minghetti A. Neuropharmacological activity of extracts from Passiflora incarnata. Planta Med. 1988;54:488-91.
- Capasso A., Sorrentino L. Pharmacological studies on the sedative and hypnotic effect of Kava kava and Passiflora extracts combination. Phytomedicine. 2005;12:39-45. PubMed
- Carrasco MC, Vallejo JR, Pardo-de-Santayana M, et al. Interactions of Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. in a patient treated with lorazepam. Phytother Res. 2009 Dec;23:1795-6.
- Smith, G. W., Chalmers, T. M., and Nuki, G. Vasculitis associated with herbal preparation containing Passiflora extract. Br J Rheumatol. 1993;32(1):87-88.
- Soulimani, R., Younos, C., Jarmouni, S., Bousta, D., Misslin, R., and Mortier, F. Behavioural effects of Passiflora incarnata L. and its indole alkaloid and flavonoid derivatives and maltol in the mouse. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;57(1):11-20. PubMed
- Nojoumi M, Ghaeli P, Salimi S, Sharifi A, Raisi F. Effects of Passion Flower Extract, as an Add-On Treatment to Sertraline, on Reaction Time in Patients ?with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2016;1
- Rokhtabnak F, Ghodraty MR, Kholdebarin A, et al. Comparing the Effect of Preoperative Administration of Melatonin and Passiflora incarnata on Postoperative Cognitive Disorders in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery. Anesth Pain Med. 2016;7(1):e4123 PubMed
- Dantas LP, de Oliveira-Ribeiro A, de Almeida-Souza LM, Groppo FC. Effects of passiflora incarnata and midazolam for control of anxiety in patients undergoing dental extraction. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(1):e95-e101. PubMed
- Ozturk Z, Kalayci CC. Pregnancy outcomes in psychiatric patients treated with passiflora incarnata. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Feb;36:30-32. PubMed
- da Cunha RS, Amorim KS, Gercina AC, et al. Herbal medicines as anxiolytics prior to third molar surgical extraction. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2020. PubMed
- Schäfer AM, Gilgen PM, Spirgi C, et al. Constituents of Passiflora incarnata, but Not of Valeriana officinalis, Interact with the Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP)2B1 and OATP1A2. Planta Med. 2021. PubMed
- Mazzari ALDA, Lacerda MG, Milton FA, et al. In vitro effects of European and Latin-American medicinal plants in CYP3A4 gene expression, glutathione levels, and P-glycoprotein activity. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:826395. PubMed
Catnip 7 references
- Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Osterhoudt KC, Lee SK, Callahan JM, Henretig FM. Catnip and the alteration of human consciousness. Vet Hum Toxicol 1997;39:373-5.
- Sherry, C. J. and Hunter, P. S. The effect of an ethanol extract of catnip (Nepeta cataria) on the behavior of the young chick. Experientia 2-15-1979;35(2):237-238. PubMed
- Harney, J. W., Barofsky, I. M., and Leary, J. D. Behavioral and toxicological studies of cyclopentanoid monoterpenes from Nepeta cataria. Lloydia. 1978;41(4):367-374.
- Massoco, C. O., Silva, M. R., Gorniak, S. L., Spinosa, M. S., and Bernardi, M. M. Behavioral effects of acute and long-term administration of catnip (Nepeta cataria) in mice. Vet.Hum.Toxicol 1995;37(6):530-533.
German Chamomile 15 references
- Subiza J, Subiza JL, Hinojosa M, et al. Anaphylactic reaction after the ingestion of chamomile tea; a study of cross-reactivity with other composite pollens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989;84:353-8. PubMed
- Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
- Viola H, Wasowski C, Levi de Stein M, et al. Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, is a central benzodiazepine receptors-ligand with anxiolytic effects. Planta Med 1995;61:213-6.
- van Ketel WG. Allergy to Matricaria chamomilla. Contact Dermatitis 1982;8:143. PubMed
- van Ketel WG. Allergy to Matricaria chamomilla. Contact Dermatitis 1987;16:50-1. PubMed
- Hormann HP, Korting HC. Evidence for the efficacy and safety of topical herbal drugs in dermatology: part I: anti-inflammatory agents. Phytomedicine 1994;1:161-71. PubMed
- Avallone R, Zanoli P, Puia G, et al. Pharmacological profile of apigenin, a flavonoid isolated from Matricaria chamomilla. Biochem Pharmacol 2000;59:1387-94. PubMed
- Kassi E, Papoutsi Z, Fokialakis N, et al. Greek plant extracts exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-like properties. J Agric Food Chem 2004;52:6956-61. PubMed
- Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9. PubMed
- Segal R, Pilote L. Warfarin interaction with Matricaria chamomilla. CMAJ 2006;174:1281-2. PubMed
- Loggia RD, Traversa U, Scarcia V, et al. Depressive effects of Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch, tubular flowers, on central nervous system in mice. Pharmacol Res Commun 1982;14(2):153-162. PubMed
- Ganzera M, Schneider P, Stuppner H. Inhibitory effects of the essential oil of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and its major constituents on human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Life Sci 2006;78(8):856-861. PubMed
- Benito P, Rodríguez-Perez R, García F, Juste S, Moneo I, Caballero ML. Occupational allergic rhinoconjunctivitis induced by Matricaria chamomilla with tolerance of chamomile tea. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2014;24(5):369-70. No abstract available.
- Braga FT, Santos AC, Bueno PC, et al. Use of Chamomilla recutita in the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized, controlled, phase II clinical trial. Cancer Nurs 2015;38(4):32 PubMed
- Sarris J, Ravindran A, Yatham LN, et al. Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety T
Hops 15 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Zava DT, Dollbaum CM, Blen M. Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998;217:369-78. PubMed
- Milligan SR, Kalita JC, Heyerick A, et al. Identification of a potent phytoestrogen in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and beer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:2249-52.. PubMed
- Milligan SR, Kalita JC, Pocock V, et al. The endocrine activities of 8-prenylnaringenin and related hop (Humulus lupulus L.) flavonoids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4912-5.. DOI
- Henderson MC, Miranda CL, Stevens JF, et al. In vitro inhibition of human P450 enzymes by prenylated flavonoids from hops, Humulus lupulus. Xenobiotica 2000;30:235-51.. PubMed
- Mannering, G. J., Shoeman, J. A., and Deloria, L. B. Identification of the antibiotic hops component, colupulone, as an inducer of hepatic cytochrome P-4503A in the mouse. Drug Metab Dispos 1992;20(2):142-147. DOI
- Skorska, C., Mackiewicz, B., Gora, A., Golec, M., and Dutkiewicz, J. Health effects of inhalation exposure to organic dust in hops farmers. Ann.Univ Mariae.Curie Sklodowska [Med] 2003;58(1):459-465.
- Schiller, H., Forster, A., Vonhoff, C., Hegger, M., Biller, A., and Winterhoff, H. Sedating effects of Humulus lupulus L. extracts. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(8):535-541. PubMed
- van Hunsel, F. P. and Kampschoer, P. [Postmenopausal bleeding and dietary supplements: a possible causal relationship with hop- and soy-containing preparations]. Ned.Tijdschr.Geneeskd. 2012;156(41):A5095.
- Fenselau, C. and Talalay, P. Is oestrogenic activity present in hops? Food Cosmet.Toxicol. 1973;11(4):597-602. PubMed
- Godnic-Cvar, J., Zuskin, E., Mustajbegovic, J., Schachter, E. N., Kanceljak, B., Macan, J., Ilic, Z., and Ebling, Z. Respiratory and immunological findings in brewery workers. Am J Ind Med 1999;35(1):68-75. DOI
- Lee KM, Jung JS, Song DK, and et al. Effects of Humulus lupulus extract on the central nervous system in mice. Planta Med 1993;59(Suppl):A691.
- Assessment report on Humulus lupulus L., flos. European Medicines Agency, 2014. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-report/final-assessment-report-humulus-lupulus-l-flos_en.pdf. Accessed September 29, 2021.
- van Breemen RB, Chen L, Tonsing-Carter A, et al. Pharmacokinetic Interactions of a Hop Dietary Supplement with Drug Metabolism in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women. J Agric Food Chem. 2020;68(18):5212-5220. PubMed
Valerian 37 references
- Willey LB, Mady SP, Cobaugh DJ, Wax PM. Valerian overdose: a case report. Vet Hum Toxicol 1995;37:364-5.
- Kuhlmann J, Berger W, Podzuweit H, Schmidt U. The influence of valerian treatment on "reaction time, alertness and concentration" in volunteers. Pharmacopsychiatry 1999;32:235-41. PubMed
- Klepser TB, Klepser ME. Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:125-38. PubMed
- Houghton PJ. The scientific basis for the reputed activity of Valerian. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999;51:505-12. PubMed
- Garges HP, Varia I, Doraiswamy PM. Cardiac complications and delirium associated with Valerian root withdrawal. [Letter to the Editor]. JAMA 1998;280:1566-7. PubMed
- Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
- MacGregor FB, Abernethy VE, Dahabra S, et al. Hepatotoxicity of herbal remedies. BMJ 1989;299:1156-7. PubMed
- Leathwood PD, Chauffard F. Aqueous extract of valerian reduces latency to fall asleep in man. Planta Med 1985;2:144-8. PubMed
- Hadley S, Petry JJ. Valerian. Am Fam Physician 2003;67:1755-8..
- Glass JR, Sproule BA, Herrmann N, et al. Acute pharmacological effects of temazepam, diphenhydramine, and valerian in healthy elderly subjects. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;23:260-8. PubMed
- Lefebvre T, Foster BC, Drouin CE, et al. In vitro activity of commercial valerian root extracts against human cytochrome P450 3A4. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2004;7:265-73.
- Yuan CS, Mehendale S, Xiao Y, et al. The gamma-aminobutyric acidergic effects of valerian and valerenic acid on rat brainstem neuronal activity. Anesth Analg 2004;98:353-8. PubMed
- Donovan JL, DeVane CL, Chavin KD, et al. Multiple night-time doses of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) had minimal effects on CYP3A4 activity and no effect on CYP2D6 activity in healthy volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos 2004;32:1333-6. PubMed
- Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4/5 phenotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;77:415-26. PubMed
- Gutierrez S, Ang-Lee MK, Walker DJ, Zacny JP. Assessing subjective and psychomotor effects of the herbal medication valerian in healthy volunteers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004;78:57-64. PubMed
- Jacobs BP, Bent S, Tice JA, et al. An internet-based randomized, placebo-controlled trial of kava and valerian for anxiety and insomnia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005;84:197-207. PubMed
- National Toxicology Program, US Department of Health and Human Services. Chemical Information Review Document for Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) [CAS No. 8057-49-6] and Oils [CAS No. 8008-88-6]. Supporting Nomination for Toxicological Evaluation by t
- Fernández-San-Martín MI, Masa-Font R, Palacios-Soler L, et al. Effectiveness of Valerian on insomnia: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Sleep Med. 2010 Jun;11:505-11. PubMed
- Coxeter PD, Schluter PJ, Eastwood HL, et al. Valerian does not appear to reduce symptoms for patients with chronic insomnia in general practice using a series of randomised n-of-1 trials. Complement Ther Med. 2003 Dec;11:215-22. PubMed
- Diaper A, Hindmarch I. A double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of the effects of two doses of a valerian preparation on the sleep, cognitive and psychomotor function of sleep-disturbed older adults. Phytother Res. 2004 Oct;18:831-6. PubMed
- Cuellar NG, Ratcliffe SJ. Does valerian improve sleepiness and symptom severity in people with restless legs syndrome? Altern Ther Health Med 2009;15:22-8.
- Chen D, Klesmer J, Giovanniello A, et al. Mental status changes in an alcohol abuser taking valerian and gingko biloba. Am J Addict. 2002 Winter;11:75-7. PubMed
- Albrecht M, Berger W, Laux P, Schmidt U, et al. Psychopharmaka und Verkehrssicherheit. Der Einfluß von Euvegal® - Dragees forte auf die Fahrtüchtigkeit und Kombinationswirkungen mit Alkohol Z Allg Med 1995;71:1215-25.
- Carrasco MC, Vallejo JR, Pardo-de-Santayana M, et al. Interactions of Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. in a patient treated with lorazepam. Phytother Res. 2009 Dec;23:1795-6.
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- Alkharfy, K. M. and Frye, R. F. Effect of valerian, valerian/hops extracts, and valerenic acid on glucuronidation in vitro. Xenobiotica 2007;37(2):113-123.
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- National Toxicology Program, US Department of Health and Human Services. Chemical Information Review Document for Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) [CAS No. 8057-49-6] and Oils [CAS No. 8008-88-6]. 2009;
- Wells SR. International intravenous administration of a crude valerian root extract. NACCT 1995;33:542.
- Aydinoglu U, Özcan H, Yücel A, Yücel N, Mutlu M. Valerian induced hypomania: a case report. Bull Clin Psychopharma 2012;22(Suppl. 1):S63.
- Mirabi P, Mojab F. The effects of valerian root on hot flashes in menopausal women. Iran J Pharm Res 2013;12(1):217-22.
- Thomas K, Canedo J, Perry PJ, et al. Effects of valerian on subjective sedation, field sobriety testing and driving simulator performance. Accid Anal Prev. 2016 Jul;92:240-4. PubMed
- Kia YH, Alexander S, Dowling D, Standish R. A case of steroid-responsive valerian-associated hepatitis. Intern Med J. 2016 Jan;46(1):118-9. PubMed
- Burke H, Jiang S, Chatham P, Stern TA. Delirium After Withdrawal From Valerian Root: A Case Report. Psychosomatics. 2020;61(6):787-790. PubMed
- Hajizadeh I, Jamshidi M, Kazemi M, Kargar H, Sadeghi T. Comparison the effect of valerian and gabapentin on RLS and sleep quality in hemodialysis patients: A randomized clinical trial. Ther Apher Dial 2023.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC