Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Dr. Clark Store

Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend is a dietary supplement by Dr. Clark Store with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for digestive upset, diarrhea, sleep and relaxation.Based on those ingredients, 1,191 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Fennel, Nutmeg, Caraway. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend by Dr. Clark Store

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend by Dr. Clark Store — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend by Dr. Clark Store

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (10 mL) without saying how much of each component you get.

Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend contains seven active ingredients: nutmeg, thyme, juniper, fennel, cardamom, caraway, and allspice. Each is a culinary and traditional herbal spice — they're the kinds of ingredients you might use in cooking.

The product contains no inactive ingredients (fillers or binders).

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Dyspepsia — rated "Possibly Effective" (Caraway) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Dysmenorrhea — rated "Possibly Effective" (Fennel) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for what this blend does is limited. For nutmeg, thyme, juniper, cardamom, and allspice, we have insufficient reliable evidence to rate their effectiveness for any health purpose in our data.

Fennel shows possibly effective evidence for dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramping), and caraway shows possibly effective evidence for dyspepsia (indigestion). Beyond those two, we don't have established effectiveness ratings for the conditions these herbs are traditionally used for.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Nutmeg Thyme Juniper Fennel Cardamom Caraway Allspice

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 7 of the 7 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 7 of 7.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 7 of 7.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

When used in food amounts, these spices are generally well tolerated. However, the product delivers them as a concentrated oil blend — not food spices — and safety data for medicinal or concentrated doses is limited or absent.

Nutmeg is the biggest concern: large doses are unsafe and have been linked to serious poisoning, including cardiovascular, neurological, and psychiatric effects; death from overdose has been reported. High-dose nutmeg can cause hallucinations, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and at extreme doses, coma.

Thyme, fennel, and caraway are generally well tolerated in food, but concentrated forms lack thorough safety testing. Common side effects reported with these herbs include allergic reactions, dizziness, headache, heartburn, nausea, and skin irritation.

Juniper may irritate the kidneys and shouldn't be used long-term. Pregnancy safety varies: nutmeg is rated possibly unsafe; juniper is unsafe; fennel and caraway are possibly unsafe; thyme, cardamom, and allspice are likely safe.

For breastfeeding, juniper should be avoided; fennel and caraway lack sufficient data; thyme and cardamom are likely safe.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Nutmeg Thyme Juniper Fennel Cardamom Caraway Allspice

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 7 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Allspice, Caraway, Fennel, Juniper, Nutmeg, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,192 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check your medications against this blend if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (anticoagulants like warfarin or apixaban, or antiplatelet agents); CNS depressants (sleeping pills, opioids, anxiety medications); diabetes medications; estrogen-based drugs (birth control, hormone replacement); diuretics or lithium; or ciprofloxacin, tamoxifen, or isoniazid. No interactions are documented for cardamom in our data.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This seven-ingredient oil blend has interactions to check before taking it with any prescription medication — particularly blood thinners, diabetes drugs, heart or psychiatric medications, and estrogen-containing drugs. The evidence for what it does is weak, and safety data for concentrated herbal oils is limited.

Talk to your pharmacist before starting, especially if you're pregnant, nursing, or take any regular medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 20, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend, straight from the product label.

Brand Dr. Clark Store
Barcode (UPC) 652384105545
Net contents 10 cc(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 20, 2024
DSLD ID 313180
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend by Dr. Clark Store, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Drop(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
21 Drop(s)
Servings per container
13
UPC/BARCODE
652384105545
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Blend10 mL--
Nutmeg0 NP--
Thyme0 NP--
Juniper0 NP--
Fennel0 NP--
Cardamom0 NP--
Caraway0 NP--
Allspice0 NP--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: Start with 1 drop and gradually increase to 21 drops before a meal. Put in an empty capsule or on bread.

Shake before use.

Precautions

Do not put directly on tongue.

Formulation

Made in USA

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend by Dr. Clark Store label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend by Dr. Clark Store

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Drop(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container13 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

10 mL per serving
Interaction report

Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend by Dr. Clark Store Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,191Drugs
1,187 Moderate 4 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Fennel 740
Nutmeg 528
Caraway 413
Thyme 379
Juniper 162

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend interact with 1,191 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

6 of the 7 ingredients in Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Fennel Nutmeg Caraway Thyme Juniper Allspice

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Fennel6 drug types · 740 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

Animal research suggests that fennel oil has antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Theoretically, fennel might decrease the levels and clinical effects of ciprofloxacin.

Animal research shows that fennel reduces ciprofloxacin bioavailability by nearly 50%, possibly due to the metal cations such as calcium, iron, and magnesium contained in fennel. This study also found that fennel increased tissue distribution and slowed elimination of ciprofloxacin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the effects of contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.

In vitro research suggests that fennel inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity, which may interfere with the antiestrogenic activity of tamoxifen.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Fennel full monograph & interactions

Nutmeg5 drug types · 528 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of nutmeg and anticholinergic drugs might decrease the effectiveness of either agent.
Animal research suggests that nutmeg extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of nutmeg with other cholinergic drugs might have additive effects and increase the risk of cholinergic side effects.
Animal research suggests that nutmeg extract can inhibit acetylcholinesterase and might increase acetylcholine levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, nutmeg might increase the risk of additive sedation when taken with CNS depressants.
Animal studies suggest that nutmeg extracts and several volatile oils in nutmeg, such as methyleugenol, isoeugenol, safrole, myristicin, trimyristin, 1,8-cineole, and geranyl acetate, have sedative effects. One animal study shows that petroleum ether extracts of nutmeg can potentiate the effects of pentobarbital or phenobarbital. However, evidence from other animal research suggests that the nutmeg constituent myristicin can actually reduce sleeping time in rats pretreated with phenobarbital.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, nutmeg might decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Animal research suggests that intraperitoneal injections of myristicin, a constituent of nutmeg, can induce CYP1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenobarbital (Luminal)

Theoretically, nutmeg might increase or decrease the effects and adverse effects of phenobarbital.
Some animal research suggests that myristicin, a constituent of nutmeg, can reduce sleeping time in rats pretreated with phenobarbital. However, other animal research suggests that petroleum ether extract of nutmeg can potentiate the effects of phenobarbital.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Nutmeg full monograph & interactions

Caraway7 drug types · 413 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, caraway might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that caraway can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Medication dose adjustments may be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cns Depressants

Theoretically, caraway might increase the effects and adverse effects of CNS depressants.
Animal research suggests that (S)-(+)-carvone, a major constituent of caraway seed extract, has sedative effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, caraway might increase the risk of hypokalemia when used with diuretics that deplete potassium.
Animal research suggests that a single dose of caraway fruit extract can promote diuresis and increase the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. However, sub-chronic use of caraway fruit extract does not seem to significantly increase potassium excretion, although urine output continues to be increased for up to 6 days.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, caraway might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium due to diuretic effects.
Animal research suggests that caraway fruit extract has diuretic properties.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Isoniazid

Theoretically, caraway might increase the effects and adverse effects of isoniazid.
Animal research suggests that a specific fraction of caraway seed extract (CC-1a) can increase plasma levels of isoniazid when administered concomitantly. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pyrazinamide

Theoretically, caraway might increase the effects and adverse effects of pyrazinamide.
Animal research suggests that a specific fraction of caraway seed extract (CC-1a) can increase plasma levels of pyrazinamide when administered concomitantly. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Theoretically, caraway might increase the effects and adverse effects of rifampin.
Animal research suggests that a specific fraction of caraway seed extract (CC-1a) can increase plasma levels of rifampin when administered concomitantly. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Caraway full monograph & interactions

Thyme4 drug types · 379 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that thyme leaf extract has antiplatelet effects. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of cholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might cause additive cholinergic effects.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, thyme might competitively inhibit the effects of estrogen replacement therapy.
In vitro research shows that thyme has estrogen receptor-binding activity and phytoestrogen content. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyme full monograph & interactions

Juniper3 drug types · 162 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking juniper berry with antidiabetes medications might cause additive hypoglycemia.
Animal research shows that juniper berry can lower blood glucose.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, juniper berry might increase the risk of adverse effects from diuretic drugs.
Juniper berry is thought to have mild diuretic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, juniper berry might reduce lithium excretion and increase serum levels of lithium.
Juniper berry is thought to have mild diuretic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Juniper full monograph & interactions

Allspice1 drug type · 122 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, combining allspice with an antiplatelet or anticoagulant drug might increase the risk of bleeding.
Eugenol, a constituent of allspice, is reported to have antiplatelet activity. However, this interaction has yet not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Allspice full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend, from the product label.

Dr. Clark Store

See all Dr. Clark Store products
Name
Self Health Resource Center
City
Chula Vista
State
CA
ZipCode
91911
Phone Number
(866) 372-5275
Web Address
www.DrClarkStore.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend by Dr. Clark Store: Common Questions

Does Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend by Dr. Clark Store interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend has a known interaction with 1,191 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this blend safe if I'm pregnant?
Safety varies by ingredient. Juniper is unsafe during pregnancy. Nutmeg, fennel, and caraway are possibly unsafe — there isn't enough data to know either way. Thyme, cardamom, and allspice are likely safe in food amounts. Since this is a concentrated oil blend, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using it while pregnant for personalized advice.
What does fennel do in this blend?
Fennel is possibly effective for dysmenorrhea — menstrual cramping. For other uses, we don't have enough reliable evidence to say what it does.
What about caraway — what is it used for?
Caraway is possibly effective for dyspepsia, which is indigestion or stomach discomfort. Beyond that, the evidence isn't established in our data.
Can I use this if I take blood thinners?
No — don't start this without checking with your pharmacist first. Thyme, fennel, and allspice all have documented interactions with blood thinners and may increase bleeding risk. Your pharmacist can tell you whether this blend is safe alongside your specific medication.
Is nutmeg in here safe?
In food amounts, yes. But at high doses, nutmeg is unsafe — it can cause serious poisoning, including hallucinations, dizziness, confusion, and in severe cases, coma or death. This product is a concentrated oil, so using it at higher-than-recommended doses carries real risk. Stick to the label dose and don't exceed it.
What inactive ingredients does this have?
None — there are no fillers or binders listed for this product.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Nutmeg

Interacts with 528 drugs

Nutmeg is a popular cooking spice that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestion and other complaints, but there is little solid human research to support its medicinal use. I...

Read the full Nutmeg monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Thyme

Interacts with 379 drugs

Thyme is a common kitchen herb that has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and digestive complaints. It is generally safe in the amounts found in food, and some cough products that com...

Read the full Thyme monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Juniper

Interacts with 162 drugs

Juniper berry is a traditional herb best known for flavoring gin and for its folk use as a diuretic and digestive aid. Solid human evidence for its health benefits is limited, and it can irr...

Read the full Juniper monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Fennel

Interacts with 740 drugs

Fennel is a Mediterranean herb widely used as a food and spice, and traditionally taken for digestive complaints, colic, and menstrual cramps. Some small studies suggest possible benefit for...

Read the full Fennel monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Cardamom

Cardamom is a popular cooking spice that has long been used in traditional medicine for digestion and fresh breath. As a food, it is generally safe for most people, but high-dose supplements...

Read the full Cardamom monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Caraway

Interacts with 413 drugs

Caraway is a common cooking spice that has long been used to ease gas, bloating, and indigestion. Some evidence suggests caraway oil—often combined with peppermint oil—may help with indigest...

Read the full Caraway monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Allspice

Interacts with 122 drugs

Allspice is a popular cooking spice from a Caribbean evergreen tree that has long been used in folk medicine for digestion, pain, and infections. There is very little high-quality human rese...

Read the full Allspice monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Tape Parakil 7 Oil Blend's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 89 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Nutmeg 29 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Sangalli BC, Chiang W. Toxicology of nutmeg abuse. Clin Toxicol 2000;38:671-8. PubMed
  3. Hallstrom H, Thuvander A. Toxicological evaluation of myristicin. Nat Toxins 1997;5:186-92. DOI
  4. Jeong HG, Yun CH. Induction of rat hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes by myristicin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995;217:966-71. PubMed
  5. Dinakar HS. Acute psychosis associated with nutmeg toxicity. Med Times 1977;105:63-4.
  6. McKenna A, Nordt SP, Ryan J. Acute nutmeg poisoning. Eur J Emerg Med 2004;11:240-1. PubMed
  7. Panayotopoulos DJ, Chisholm DD. Hallucinogenic effect of nutmeg. Br Med J 1970;1:754. PubMed
  8. Demetriades AK, Wallman PD, McGuiness A, Gavalas MC. Low cost, high risk: accidental nutmeg intoxication. Emerg Med J 2005;22:223-5. PubMed
  9. Forrester MB. Nutmeg intoxication in Texas, 1998-2004. Hum Exp Toxicol 2005;24:563-6. PubMed
  10. Stein U, Greyer H, Hentschel H. Nutmeg (myristicin) poisoning-report on a fatal case and a series of cases recorded by a poison information centre. Forensic Sci Int 2001;118:87-90. PubMed
  11. Venables GS, Evered D, Hall R. Letter: Nutmeg poisoning. Br Med J 1976;1:96. PubMed
  12. Shah AM, Calello DP, Quintero-Solivan J, Osterhoudt KC. The not-so-nice spice: a teenage girl with palpitations and dry mouth. Pediatr Emerg Care 2011;27:1205-7. PubMed
  13. Carstairs SD, Cantrell FL. The spice of life: an analysis of nutmeg exposures in California. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2011;49:177-80. PubMed
  14. Williams EY, West F. The use of nutmeg as a psychotropic drug. Report of two cases. J Natl Med Assoc 1968;60:289-90.
  15. Abernethy MK, Becker LB. Acute nutmeg intoxication. Am J Emerg Med 1992;10:429-30. PubMed
  16. Sell AB, Carlini EA. Anesthetic action of methyleugenol and other eugenol derivatives. Pharmacology. 1976;14(4):367-77. PubMed
  17. Fundarò A, Cassone MC. [Action of essential oils of chamomile, cinnamon, absinthium, mace and origanum on operant conditioning behavior of the rat]. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1980;56(22):2375-80.
  18. Grover JK, Khandkar S, Vats V, Dhunnoo Y, Das D. Pharmacological studies on Myristica fragrans--antidiarrheal, hypnotic, analgesic and hemodynamic (blood pressure) parameters. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2002;24(10):675-80. PubMed
  19. Sherry CJ, Ray LE, Herron RE. The pharmacological effects of the ligroin extract of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans). J Ethnopharmacol. 1982;6(1):61-6.
  20. Mukherjee PK, Kumar V, Houghton PJ. Screening of Indian medicinal plants for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Phytother Res. 2007;21(12):1142-5. PubMed
  21. Van Gils C, Cox PA. Ethnobotany of nutmeg in the Spice Islands. J Ethnopharmacol. 1994;42(2):117-24. PubMed
  22. Barceloux DG. Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.). Dis Mon. 2009;55(6):373-9. PubMed
  23. Futrell JM, Rietschel RL. Spice allergy evaluated by results of patch tests. Cutis. 1993;52(5):288-90.
  24. van den Akker TW, Roesyanto-Mahadi ID, van Toorenenbergen AW, van Joost T. Contact allergy to spices. Contact Dermatitis. 1990;22(5):267-72. PubMed
  25. Beattie RT. Nutmeg as a psychoactive agent. Br J Addict Alcohol Other Drugs. 1968;63(1):105-9. PubMed
  26. Beckerman B, Persaud H. Nutmeg overdose: Spice not so nice. Complement Ther Med. 2019;46:44-46. PubMed
  27. Reynoard J, Torrents R, Domange B, Glaizal M, de Haro L, Simon N. Nutmeg poisoning: Ten years (2008-2018) of experience from the Marseille Poison Control Center. Presse Med. 2019;48(9):994-996. PubMed
  28. Atherton RR. The 'Nutmeg Challenge': a dangerous social media trend. Arch Dis Child. 2020:archdischild-2020-319407. PubMed
  29. Medagoda K. A family with nutmeg poisoning due to a home-made 'Covid treatment syrup'. Natl Med J India 2022;35(3):187. PubMed

See these in context on the Nutmeg monograph →

Thyme 18 references
  1. Zava DT, Dollbaum CM, Blen M. Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998;217:369-78. PubMed
  2. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  3. Okazaki K, Kawazoe K, Takaishi Y. Human platelet aggregation inhibitors from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Phytother Res 2002;16:398-9. .
  4. Spiewak R, Skorska C, Dutkiewicz J. Occupational airborne contact dermatitis caused by thyme dust. Contact Dermatitis 2001;44:235-9. . PubMed
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Juniper 7 references
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Fennel 17 references
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  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
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  9. Subehan, Usia, T., Iwata, H., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 by Indonesian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 5-24-2006;105(3):449-455. PubMed
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  11. Subehan, Zaidi, S. F., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Inhibition on human liver cytochrome P450 3A4 by constituents of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare): identification and characterization of a mechanism-based inactivator. J Agric.Food Chem. 12-12-2007;55(25):101 PubMed
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Cardamom 2 references
  1. Mobacken, H. and Fregert, S. Allergic contact dermatitis from cardamom. Contact Dermatitis 1975;1(3):175-176. PubMed
  2. Aghasi M, Koohdani F, Qorbani M, et al. Beneficial effects of green cardamom on serum SIRT1, glycemic indices and triglyceride levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. J Sci Food Agri PubMed

See these in context on the Cardamom monograph →

Caraway 11 references
  1. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
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  3. Micklefield GH, Greving I, May B. Effects of peppermint oil and caraway oil on gastroduodenal motility. Phytother Res 2000;14:20-3. DOI
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  5. May B, Kohler S, Schneider B. Efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:1671-7. PubMed
  6. Eddouks M, Lemhardri A, Michel JB. Caraway and caper: potential anti-hyperglycaemic plants in diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2004;94:143-8. PubMed
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  8. Lahlou, S., Tahraoui, A., Israili, Z., and Lyoussi, B. Diuretic activity of the aqueous extracts of Carum carvi and Tanacetum vulgare in normal rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 4-4-2007;110(3):458-463. PubMed
  9. de Sousa, D. P., Farias Nobrega, F. F., and de Almeida, R. N. Influence of the chirality of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-carvone in the central nervous system: a comparative study. Chirality 5-5-2007;19(4):264-268.
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  11. Rich G, Shah A, Koloski N, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the effects of Menthacarin, a proprietary peppermint- and caraway-oil-preparation, on symptoms and quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2 PubMed

See these in context on the Caraway monograph →

Allspice 5 references
  1. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  2. Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62. PubMed
  3. Chen SJ, Wang MH, Chen IJ. Antiplatelet and calcium inhibitory properties of eugenol and sodium eugenol acetate. Gen Pharmacol 1996;27:629-33. PubMed
  4. Niinimaki, A. Delayed-type allergy to spices. Contact Dermatitis 1984;11(1):34-40. PubMed
  5. Regula P, Edelman D, Ferastraoaru D, Ramesh M, Hudes G. Severe allergic reaction to allspice, a hidden food allergen. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2022;129(2):241-2. PubMed

See these in context on the Allspice monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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