Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Toxin Defense Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Garden of Life

Toxin Defense label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 30, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Toxin Defense against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Toxin Defense is a dietary supplement by Garden of Life with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for heart and blood vessel health, antioxidant support, high blood pressure.Based on those ingredients, 1,141 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Pomegranate, Sea Buckthorn, Bacillus coagulans. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Toxin Defense by Garden of Life

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Toxin Defense by Garden of Life — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Toxin Defense by Garden of Life

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 17, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “RAW Exotic Fruit Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (1.40 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “RAW Mouth-To-Gut Probiotic Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (80 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Toxin Defense contains 6 ingredients, including pomegranate, sea buckthorn, Bacillus coagulans (a beneficial bacterium), pineapple, and Yum Berry, plus a RAW Exotic Fruit Blend and a RAW Mouth-To-Gut Probiotic Blend. The exact amounts of each are not specified on the label provided.

There are no inactive fillers listed.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Hypertension — rated "Possibly Effective" (Pomegranate) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Burns — rated "Possibly Effective" (Sea Buckthorn) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Constipation — rated "Possibly Effective" (Bacillus Coagulans) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Bacillus Coagulans) (Natural Medicines).

Evidence for effectiveness is mixed and limited. Pomegranate shows possibly effective evidence for high blood pressure but possibly ineffective for cholesterol.

Sea buckthorn is possibly effective for burns but possibly ineffective for eczema. Bacillus coagulans is possibly effective for constipation and irritable bowel syndrome.

For most other uses — including NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease), athletic performance, and cancer — the evidence we hold is insufficient to rate whether these ingredients work.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Pomegranate Sea Buckthorn Bacillus Coagulans

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Pomegranate fruit and juice are generally well tolerated as food. The main side effects are mild digestive ones: small numbers of trial participants reported diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation.

Sea buckthorn is generally well tolerated, though high doses may cause yellow staining of skin, and topical application can cause rash or irritation in some people. Bacillus coagulans is generally well tolerated in healthy adults, though there is concern about serious infection in people who are severely ill or immunocompromised — talk to your doctor if that applies to you.

For all three, supplement-dose safety data is limited compared to food amounts.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Pomegranate Sea Buckthorn Bacillus Coagulans

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Pomegranate, Sea Buckthorn, Bacillus Coagulans.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs.
  • For scale: 1,142 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you're on blood pressure medications (antihypertensives), blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, warfarin, ACE inhibitors, cholesterol drugs like rosuvastatin, antibiotics, or any medication metabolized by your liver. The interactions are Moderate to Major severity.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product combines fruit extracts and a probiotic. If you take blood pressure medications, blood thinners, antibiotics, ACE inhibitors, or cholesterol drugs, you need to check your specific medications with your doctor or pharmacist before starting Toxin Defense.

The ingredients we could check are generally well tolerated, but the documented interactions are real enough to warrant a conversation with your own healthcare provider.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Mar 22, 2023.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Toxin Defense, straight from the product label.

Brand Garden of Life
Net contents 7 Vegetarian Packet(s); 0.35 Oz(s); 10.5 Gram(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Mar 22, 2023
DSLD ID 275839
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Toxin Defense by Garden of Life, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1.5 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1.5 Gram(s)
Servings per container
7
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates1 Gram(s)1%
Pineapple0 NP--
Pomegranate0 NP--
Bacillus coagulans0 NP--
Sea Buckthorn0 NP--
RAW Exotic Fruit Blend1.4 Gram(s)--
Yum Berry0 NP--
RAW Mouth-To-Gut Probiotic Blend80 mg--
S. salivarius0 NP--

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation

Ultimate cleansing and detoxification benefits The ultimate standard in cleansing and detoxification Fast-acting 7 day triple detox formula Total digestive cleansing Raw

Vegetarian

Gluten free Binder free No psyllium or harsh laxatives

Vegetarian

Gluten free Binder free No psyllium or harsh laxatives

The ingredients in RAW Cleanse support your own natural digestive and detoxification systems. RAW Cleanse - Fast-acting, 7 day triple action formula RAW Cleanse is a breakthrough in total digestive system cleansing, beginning in the mouth and ending with elimination. Designed as a fast-acting, internal cleansing system that works in synergy with your body's own detoxification system, RAW Cleanse is an easy-to-use, triple detox formula that helps your body naturally detoxify and eliminate toxins from the body.

RAW Cleanse features RAW whole food ingredients suitable for those on Vegan or Vegetarian diets.

Made in the U.S.A. from foods grown in the U.S.A. and other countries.

Contains no filler ingredients, artificial colors, flavors or preservatives.

RAW Cleanse is a comprehensive, fast-acting, RAW Cleanse program that provides full-body detoxification in only seven days and is as easy to use as 1-2-3. 1 RAW Cleanse Toxin Defense - Optimal Oral Health And Immune System Support Toxin Defense is the first step in the RAW Cleanse experience.

FDA Statement of Identity

RAW Food Dietary Supplement

RAW Food Dietary Supplement

Formula

Complete easy 3 step kit contains 1 Toxin Defense (7) 0.05 oz (1.5g) packets

Toxin Defense contains a unique combination of oral and intestinal probiotics. This probiotic approach supports a healthy immune system and promotes microbial balance in the gastrointestinal tract for proper digestion and elimination.

General Statements

Raw foods and juices are foundational elements to virtually all cleansing and detox programs developed by the forerunners of the natural health movement.

The ultimate standard in cleansing and detoxification Fast-acting 7 day triple detox formula Total digestive cleansing

Raw

Raw foods and juices are foundational elements to virtually all cleansing and detox programs developed by the forerunners of the natural health movement.

We buy 100% certified renewable energy Printed with vegetable based inks on 100% recyclable material.

To learn more about the RAW Food-Created Nutrients used exclusively by Garden of Life, visit www.gardenoflife.com.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Products designed to be used during the same seven day period. 1 packet daily Suggested Use: Just before breakfast, adults empty contents of packet in mouth, take a sip of water and swish for 45 seconds before swallowing.

Precautions

Not intended for children.

S. salivarius is fermented in media that may include traces of dairy.

Caution: As with any dietary supplement, consult your healthcare practitioner before using this product, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, anticipate surgery, take medication on a regular basis or are otherwise under medical supervision.

Do not use if safety seal is broken or missing.

Keep out of reach of children.

Seals/Symbols

Certified Renewable Energy Green-e.org

Brand IP Statement(s)

Copyright 2009 Garden of Life LLC

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Toxin Defense by Garden of Life label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Toxin Defense label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Toxin Defense by Garden of Life

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1.5 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container7 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

RAW Exotic Fruit Blend

1.4 Gram(s) per serving

RAW Mouth-To-Gut Probiotic Blend

80 mg per serving
Interaction report

Toxin Defense by Garden of Life Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Toxin Defense?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,141Drugs
635 Moderate 506 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Pomegranate 922
Sea Buckthorn 289
Bacillus coagulans 182

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Toxin Defense interact with 1,141 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 6 ingredients in Toxin Defense interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Pomegranate Sea Buckthorn Bacillus coagulans

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Toxin Defense with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Pomegranate9 drug types · 922 drugs

Ace Inhibitors (Aceis)

Theoretically, taking pomegranate with ACEIs might increase the risk of adverse effects.
Pomegranate juice is thought to have ACE inhibitor-like effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking pomegranate with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Consuming pomegranate juice can modestly lower blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro, pomegranate juice inhibits CYP2D6. However, the clinical significance of this potential interaction in humans is not known.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

Theoretically, taking pomegranate with rosuvastatin might increase the risk of adverse effects.
In one case, a patient taking rosuvastatin 5 mg every other day in combination with ezetimibe 10 mg daily developed rhabdomyolysis after drinking pomegranate juice 200 mL twice weekly for 3 weeks. This patient had a history of elevated creatine kinase levels while not receiving any statin treatment. This suggests a possible underlying myopathy and predisposition to rhabdomyolysis.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, pomegranate might increase warfarin levels and increase the risk of bleeding. Also, discontinuing regular consumption of pomegranate juice might decrease warfarin levels.
In one case report, a patient had a stable, therapeutic bleeding time, as measured by international normalized ratio (INR), while taking warfarin in combination with pomegranate juice 2-3 times per week. The patient became subtherapeutic within about 10 days after discontinuing pomegranate juice, which required a warfarin dose increase. In another case report, a patient with a stable INR for over one year presented with an INR of 14. The patient noted no changes to medications or diet but did report consuming around 3 liters of pomegranate juice over the previous week. The patient's INR stabilized upon moderation of pomegranate juice consumption. The mechanism of this potential interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, taking pomegranate with carbamazepine might increase the risk of adverse effects, although research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Animal research shows that pomegranate juice may inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolism of carbamazepine and increase levels of carbamazepine by 1.5 times without prolonging the elimination half-life. This suggests that pomegranate juice inhibits intestinal CYP3A4, but might not inhibit hepatic CYP3A4. However, some human research suggests that pomegranate does not significantly inhibit CYP3A4 drug metabolism in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
Some animal and in vitro research shows that pomegranate juice inhibits intestinal, but not hepatic, CYP2C9 isoenzyme activity. However, clinical research shows that neither pomegranate juice nor pomegranate extract have a significant effect on CYP2C9 activity in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, but most research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Pomegranate contains several polyphenols that have individually been shown to inhibit CYP3A4. However, there is contradictory evidence about the effect of whole pomegranate juice on CYP3A4 activity. In vitro, pomegranate juice significantly inhibits the CYP3A4 enzyme, with comparable inhibition to grapefruit juice. In an animal model, pomegranate juice inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism of carbamazepine and increases levels of carbamazepine by 1.5 times; however, in human volunteers, drinking a single glass of pomegranate juice 240 mL or taking 200 mL daily for 2 weeks does not significantly affect levels of the CYP3A4 substrate midazolam after oral or intravenous administration. Another study in healthy volunteers shows that consuming pomegranate juice 300 mL three times daily for three days also does not significantly affect levels of simvastatin, a CYP3A4 substrate This suggests that pomegranate is unlikely to significantly affect levels of CYP3A4 substrates in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Tolbutamide (Orinase)

Theoretically, pomegranate might increase levels of tolbutamide, although research suggests this interaction is unlikely to be clinically significant.
Animal research shows that pomegranate juice inhibits the cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) metabolism of tolbutamide. Pomegranate juice increased tolbutamide levels by 1.2 times without prolonging the elimination half-life. This suggests that pomegranate juice inhibits intestinal CYP2C9, but might not inhibit hepatic CYP2C9. Despite this evidence, clinical research shows that neither pomegranate juice nor pomegranate extract have a significant effect on CYP2C9 activity in humans. This interaction does not appear to be clinically significant in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Pomegranate full monograph & interactions

Sea Buckthorn2 drug types · 289 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, sea buckthorn may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Clinical research suggests that sea buckthorn fruit extracts can inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion to collagen and fibrinogen.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking sea buckthorn with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Taking sea buckthorn appears to reduce blood pressure in some patients.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sea Buckthorn full monograph & interactions

Bacillus coagulans1 drug type · 182 drugs

Antibiotic Drugs

Theoretically, taking antibiotics with Bacillus coagulans might decrease the effectiveness of B. coagulans.
B. coagulans preparations usually contain live and active organisms. Therefore, simultaneously taking antibiotics might kill a significant number of the organisms. Tell patients to separate administration of antibiotics and B. coagulans preparations by at least two hours.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Bacillus coagulans full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Toxin Defense, from the product label.

Garden of Life

See all Garden of Life products
Name
Garden of Life LLC
Street Address
4200 Northcorp Parkway
City
Palm Beach Gardens
State
FL
ZipCode
33410
Web Address
www.gardenoflife.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Toxin Defense by Garden of Life: Common Questions

Does Toxin Defense by Garden of Life interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Toxin Defense has a known interaction with 1,141 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Toxin Defense contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does pomegranate in this product actually lower blood pressure?
Yes — pomegranate juice can modestly lower blood pressure. That's good news if you want that effect, but it means you need to be careful if you're already taking blood pressure medications, since the combination could lower your pressure too much. Talk to your doctor about your dosing.
Can I take this with antibiotics?
The Bacillus coagulans probiotic in this product won't work well if you take antibiotics at the same time — the antibiotic will kill the beneficial organisms. If you're on antibiotics, space them out from this product by at least a couple of hours, ideally more. Your pharmacist can help you time it right.
What's Bacillus coagulans for?
It's a beneficial bacterium that's possibly effective for constipation and irritable bowel syndrome. It's a type of probiotic meant to support digestive health.
Is this safe if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
Pomegranate is rated possibly safe in pregnancy and lactation, but we don't have enough data on the other ingredients — Bacillus coagulans and sea buckthorn don't have safety information on file for pregnancy or breastfeeding. Talk to your doctor or midwife before taking any supplement while pregnant or nursing.
Will this cause any side effects?
The most common side effects are mild digestive ones from pomegranate — diarrhea and flatulence in small numbers of people using clinical doses. Sea buckthorn at high doses may cause yellow staining of skin. Most people tolerate the ingredients well.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Toxin Defense label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Toxin Defense’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Pomegranate

Interacts with 922 drugs

Pomegranate is a nutrient-rich fruit that is high in antioxidants and is widely enjoyed as food and juice. Early research suggests it may support heart health and blood pressure, but the evi...

Read the full Pomegranate monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Sea Buckthorn

Interacts with 289 drugs

Sea buckthorn is a berry-bearing shrub rich in vitamins, carotenoids, and fatty acids that people use for skin, eye, digestive, and heart health. Early research is promising for a few uses l...

Read the full Sea Buckthorn monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Bacillus Coagulans

Interacts with 182 drugs

Bacillus coagulans is a spore-forming probiotic that survives stomach acid well and may help with some digestive problems such as IBS, constipation, and certain types of diarrhea. The eviden...

Read the full Bacillus Coagulans monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Toxin Defense's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 54 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Pomegranate 27 references
  1. Igea JM, Cuesta J, Cuevas M, et al. Adverse reaction to pomegranate ingestion. Allergy 1991;46:472-4. DOI
  2. Gaig P, Bartolome B, Lleonart R, et al. Allergy to pomegranate (Punica granatum). Allergy 1999;54:287-8.
  3. Aviram M, Dornfeld L. Pomegranate juice consumption inhibits serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and reduces systolic blood pressure. Atherosclerosis 2001;158:195-8. PubMed
  4. Valsecchi R, Reseghetti A, Leghissa P, et al. Immediate contact hypersensitivity to pomegranate. Contact Dermatitis 1998;38:44-5. PubMed
  5. Esmaillzadeh A, Tahbaz F, Gaieni I, et al. Concentrated pomegranate juice improves lipid profiles in diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. J Med Food 2004;7:305-8. PubMed
  6. Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Gaitini D, et al. Pomegranate juice consumption for 3 years by patients with carotid artery stenosis reduces common carotid intima-media thickness, blood pressure and LDL oxidation. Clin Nutr 2004;23:423-33. DOI
  7. Hidaka M, Okumura M, Fujita K, et al. Effects of pomegranate juice on human cytochrome p450 3A (CYP3A) and carbamazepine pharmacokinetics in rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2005;33:644-8. PubMed
  8. Loren DJ, Seeram NP, Schulman RN, Holtzman DM. Maternal dietary supplementation with pomegranate juice is neuroprotective in an animal model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Pediatr Res 2005;57:858-64. PubMed
  9. Kim ND, Mehta R, Yu W, et al. Chemopreventive and adjuvant therapeutic potential of pomegranate (Punica granatum) for human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002;71:203-17. PubMed
  10. Sorokin AV, Duncan B, Panetta R, Thompson PD. Rhabdomyolysis associated with pomegranate juice consumption. Am J Cardiol 2006;98:705-6. PubMed
  11. Farkas D, Oleson LE, Zhao Y, et al. Pomegranate juice does not impair clearance of oral or intravenous midazolam, a probe for cytochrome P450-3A activity: comparison with grapefruit juice. J Clin Pharmacol 2007;47:286-94. PubMed
  12. Yeo C, Shon J, Liu K, et al. The effects of pomegranate juice on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin in healthy Korean subjects (PI-63). Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006;79:23.
  13. Farkas D, Greenblatt DJ. Influence of fruit juices on drug disposition: discrepancies between in vitro and clinical studies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008;4:381-93.
  14. Nagata M, Hidaka M, Sekiya H, et al. Effects of pomegranate juice on human cytochrome P450 2C9 and tolbutamide pharmacokinetics in rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2007;35:302-5. PubMed
  15. Komperda KE. Potential interaction between pomegranate juice and warfarin. Pharmacotherapy 2009;29:1002-6. PubMed
  16. Gangemi S, Mistrello G, Roncarolo D, et al. Pomegranate-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2008;18:491-2.
  17. Misaka S, Nakamura R, Uchida S, et al. Effect of 2 weeks' consumption of pomegranate juice on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of midazolam: an open-label, randomized, single-center, 2-period crossover study in healthy Japanese volunteers. Clin Ther PubMed
  18. Jarvis S, Li C, Bogle RG. Possible interaction between pomegranate juice and warfarin. Emerg Med J 2010;27:74-5. PubMed
  19. Esmaillzadeh, A., Tahbaz, F., Gaieni, I., Alavi-Majd, H., and Azadbakht, L. Cholesterol-lowering effect of concentrated pomegranate juice consumption in type II diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia. Int J Vitam.Nutr Res 2006;76(3):147-151. PubMed
  20. Forest, C. P., Padma-Nathan, H., and Liker, H. R. Efficacy and safety of pomegranate juice on improvement of erectile dysfunction in male patients with mild to moderate erectile dysfunction: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study PubMed
  21. Wright, H. and Pipkin F. B. Pomegranates (Punica granatum), kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) and blood pressure: a pilot study. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2008;67(8):1.
  22. Sohrab G, Sotoodeh G, Siasi F, et al. Effect of pomegranate juice consumption on blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2008;9:399-405, 470.
  23. Enrique E, Utz M, De Mateo JA, et al. Allergy to lipid transfer proteins: cross-reactivity among pomegranate, hazelnut, and peanut. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2006;96(1):122-3. PubMed
  24. Hanley MJ, Masse G, Harmatz JS, et al. Pomegranate juice and pomegranate extract do not impair oral clearance of flurbiprofen in human volunteers: divergence from in vitro results. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012;92(5):651-7. PubMed
  25. Paller CJ, Ye X, Wozniak PJ, et al. A randomized phase II study of pomegranate extract for men with rising PSA following initial therapy for localized prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2013;16(1):50-5. PubMed
  26. Park SJ, Yeo CW, Shim EJ, et al. Pomegranate juice does not affect the disposition of simvastatin in healthy subjects. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016;41(4):339-44. PubMed
  27. Ross MM, Cherkerzian S, Mikulis ND, et al. A randomized controlled trial investigating the impact of maternal dietary supplementation with pomegranate juice on brain injury in infants with IUGR. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):3569. PubMed

See these in context on the Pomegranate monograph →

Bacillus Coagulans 20 references
  1. Saxelin M, Chuang NH, Chassy B, et al. Lactobacilli and bacteremia in southern Finland 1989-1992. Clin Infect Dis 1996;22:564-6. PubMed
  2. Tynkkynen S, Singh KV, Varmanen P. Vancomycin resistance factor of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in relation to enterococcal vancomycin resistance (van) genes. Int J Food Microbiol 1998;41:195-204. PubMed
  3. Klein G, Zill E, Schindler R, et al. Peritonitis associated with vancomycin-resistant Lactobacillus rhamnosus in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient; organism identification, antibiotic therapy, and case report. J Clin Microbiol 1998;36:
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See these in context on the Bacillus Coagulans monograph →

Sea Buckthorn 7 references
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  5. Olas B, Kontek B, Szczesna M, et al. Inhibition of blood platelet adhesion by phenolics rich fraction of Hippophae rhamnoides L. fruits. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017;68(2):223-9.
  6. Larmo P, Järvinen R, Laihia J, et al. Effects of a sea buckthorn oil spray emulsion on dry eye. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2019;42(4):428-433. PubMed
  7. De Seta F, Caruso S, Di Lorenzo G, Romano F, Mirandola M, Nappi RE. Efficacy and safety of a new vaginal gel for the treatment of symptoms associated with vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. Ma PubMed

See these in context on the Sea Buckthorn monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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