Valerin Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by Wonder Labs
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Valerin against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Valerin is a dietary supplement by Wonder Labs with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for insomnia and poor sleep, anxiety and stress, restlessness.Based on those ingredients, 1,111 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Valerian, Passiflora, Magnesium Carbonate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Valerin by Wonder Labs
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AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Valerin by Wonder Labs
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
Valerin contains three active ingredients. Valerian root is a traditional herbal sedative used for sleep and anxiety.
Passiflora (passion flower) is another herbal sedative with similar calming properties. Magnesium Carbonate is a mineral form of magnesium, included here to support sleep and relaxation.
The product contains no inactive ingredients listed.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
Valerian and Passiflora are both rated Possibly Effective for insomnia—meaning some evidence supports their use, though it's not definitive. Passiflora is also Possibly Effective for pre-procedural anxiety.
The data we hold does not establish effectiveness for either herb in restless legs syndrome, general stress, dysmenorrhea, or alcohol use disorder; evidence for these uses is rated Insufficient. Magnesium Carbonate is Effective for constipation and dyspepsia when taken as a supplement, though its role in a sleep formula is less well-defined in the data we hold.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Valerian and Passiflora are generally well tolerated in the short term, though long-term safety for Valerian is not well studied. The most common side effects are dizziness, drowsiness, and mental slowness with Valerian; confusion, dizziness, and sedation with Passiflora; and diarrhea and nausea with Magnesium Carbonate.
Valerian can cause withdrawal symptoms (anxiety, irritability, insomnia, tachycardia) if stopped abruptly after extended use—taper doses slowly. Rare serious effects include hepatotoxicity (liver damage) with Valerian and prolonged QT interval and heart rhythm changes with Passiflora at high doses.
Magnesium is generally safe at recommended doses and is actually needed in pregnancy, though supplements should be used only under your doctor's guidance. Valerian and Passiflora should be avoided in pregnancy due to lack of safety data; Valerian safety data advises against use in pregnancy, and Passiflora may affect the uterus.
Neither Valerian nor Passiflora should be used while breastfeeding. Magnesium at normal dietary amounts is appropriate during breastfeeding, but check with your doctor before using supplements.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before you take Valerin, double-check levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) or any Parkinson's medication—magnesium significantly lowers how much levodopa your body absorbs. Also check any CNS depressants: sedatives, sleep aids, anti-anxiety medications, muscle relaxants, and alcohol will all have additive sedative effects with the Valerian and Passiflora in this product.
If you take skeletal muscle relaxants, potassium-sparing diuretics, calcium channel blockers, sulfonylureas (diabetes drugs), quinolone antibiotics, bisphosphonates, or antacids, mention this product to your pharmacist—magnesium may affect how they work.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
Valerin may help with sleep onset and anxiety, especially if you're not taking sedatives or other medications affected by its three ingredients. If you take any prescription drugs—especially levodopa for Parkinson's, sleep aids, anxiety medications, muscle relaxants, diabetes drugs, antibiotics, or bone medications—check them against the medication list before starting.
Talk to your pharmacist or doctor to be sure it's safe for you, and avoid it entirely if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jan 22, 2022.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Valerin, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Wonder Labs |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 399528606901 |
| Net contents | 90 Tablet(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jan 22, 2022 |
| DSLD ID | 263958 |
| Product type | Botanical With Nutrients |
| Supplement form | Tablet Or Pill |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Valerin by Wonder Labs, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Valerian | 0 NP | -- |
| Passiflora | 0 NP | -- |
| Magnesium Carbonate | 0 NP | -- |
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation
Valerin is made from all-natural ingredients, color may vary and may have a distinct odor.
Non-GMO Gluten free
Natural relaxant For relief of muscle spasms, sore muscles, tension and stress
Homeopathic
Precautions
Tamper evident: Do not use this product if imprinted foil seal under cap is broken or missing.
Keep out of reach of children.
Warnings: If you are pregnant or nursing seek the advice of a health professional before using this product.
Consult a doctor if symptoms are more than mild or persist. In case of overdose, contact a poison control center immediately.
Do not exceed 12 tablets in any 24 hour period.
Storage
Keep tightly closed. Store at room temperature: 59 degrees-86 degrees F (15 degrees-30 degrees C).
Seals/Symbols
FDA Registered Facility Certified GMP Good Manufacturing Practice USA Made
General Statements
NDC 99528-606-90
Reorder #6061
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Indications: For temporary relief of sore muscles, tension and stress. Directions: Adults and children 12 years or older. Do not exceed 12 tablets in any 24 hour period. Muscle spasms - Take 1 or 2 tablets every 3 hours, until relief is obtained. To help prevent recurrence of muscle spasm, continue to take 1 or 2 tablets every 4 hours as needed. Tension and stress - Take 1 or 2 tablets every 4 hours, preferably with meals and at bedtime. To help prevent tension and stress take 1 or 2 tablets every 4 hours as needed.
Formula
Each tablet contains: 6 parts valerian root (quad-strength) 1x, 3 parts passiflora (quad-strength) 1x, 1 part magnesium carbonate 1x.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Valerin by Wonder Labs label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Valerin by Wonder Labs
These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Tablet(s) Dosage formTablet Or Pill Servings per container45 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Valerian
Interacts with902 drugs
Valerian is an herb whose root is widely used as a natural sleep aid and for calming nerves. The evidence is mixed and often weak, so it may help some...
Valerian monograph & interactionsPassiflora
Interacts with836 drugs
Passion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep. Early studies hint it may help with mild anxiety and restless...
Passiflora monograph & interactionsMagnesium Carbonate
Interacts with295 drugs
Magnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preven...
Magnesium Carbonate monograph & interactionsValerin by Wonder Labs Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Valerin by Wonder Labs contains three ingredients that interact with medications.
Magnesium Carbonate has the most serious documented interaction: it significantly reduces levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) absorption by up to 35–81%, which could worsen Parkinson's symptoms. This is a Major interaction.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Valerian and Passiflora both have Moderate interactions with CNS depressants (sedatives, sleep aids, anxiety medications, alcohol, and alprazolam). When combined with these drugs, they can cause excessive drowsiness, mental slowness, and impaired coordination.
Valerian also has Moderate interactions with glucuronidated drugs—a broad class that includes some pain relievers and other medications—where it may weakly increase drug concentrations.
Magnesium Carbonate has additional Moderate interactions with skeletal muscle relaxants (which it may strengthen), potassium-sparing diuretics, calcium channel blockers, sulfonylureas (diabetes drugs), quinolone antibiotics, and bisphosphonates (bone medications), plus antacids where it may reduce its own laxative effect. Both CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 substrates show only Minor interactions with Valerian, and CYP3A4 substrates and OATP substrates show only Minor interactions with Passiflora.
Altogether, these interactions span 1,099 individual medications. Use the medication checker below to see if any of yours are affected.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Valerin?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Valerin interact with 1,111 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
3 of the 3 ingredients in Valerin interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Valerian Passiflora Magnesium Carbonate
AmitriptylineElavil
How Amitriptyline interacts with Valerin — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassifloraCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passiflora + Amitriptyline interactionValerianCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Valerian + Amitriptyline interactionAmitriptyline, ChlordiazepoxideLimbitrol DS
How Amitriptyline, Chlordiazepoxide interacts with Valerin — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ValerianCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Valerian + Amitriptyline, Chlordiazepoxide interactionPassifloraCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passiflora + Amitriptyline, Chlordiazepoxide interactionAmitriptyline, PerphenazineEtrafon, Etrafon-A, Etrafon-Forte, Triavil
How Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interacts with Valerin — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassifloraCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passiflora + Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interactionValerianCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Valerian + Amitriptyline, Perphenazine interactionAmlodipineNorliqva
How Amlodipine interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Magnesium CarbonateCalcium Channel Blockers Moderate
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Amlodipine interactionPassifloraCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passiflora + Amlodipine interactionValerianCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Valerian + Amlodipine interactionAmlodipine BenzoateKaterzia
How Amlodipine Benzoate interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Magnesium CarbonateCalcium Channel Blockers Moderate
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Amlodipine Benzoate interactionValerianCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Valerian + Amlodipine Benzoate interactionPassifloraCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passiflora + Amlodipine Benzoate interactionAmlodipine BesilateIstin
How Amlodipine Besilate interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Magnesium CarbonateCalcium Channel Blockers Moderate
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Amlodipine Besilate interactionValerianCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Valerian + Amlodipine Besilate interactionPassifloraCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passiflora + Amlodipine Besilate interactionAmlodipine BesylateNorvasc
How Amlodipine Besylate interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Magnesium CarbonateCalcium Channel Blockers Moderate
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Amlodipine Besylate interactionPassifloraCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passiflora + Amlodipine Besylate interactionValerianCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Valerian + Amlodipine Besylate interactionAmlodipine Besylate, BenazeprilLotrel
How Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Magnesium CarbonateCalcium Channel Blockers Moderate
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionValerianCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Valerian + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionPassifloraCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passiflora + Amlodipine Besylate, Benazepril interactionAmlodipine, CelecoxibConsensi
How Amlodipine, Celecoxib interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Magnesium CarbonateCalcium Channel Blockers Moderate
Interaction Summary
Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionPassifloraCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passiflora + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionValerianCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Valerian + Amlodipine, Celecoxib interactionAmobarbitalAmytal
How Amobarbital interacts with Valerin — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassifloraCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passiflora + Amobarbital interactionValerianCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Valerian + Amobarbital interactionAmobarbital, Ephedrine SulfateEphedrine & Amytal
How Amobarbital, Ephedrine Sulfate interacts with Valerin — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ValerianCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Valerian + Amobarbital, Ephedrine Sulfate interactionPassifloraCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passiflora + Amobarbital, Ephedrine Sulfate interactionAmobarbital, SecobarbitalTuinal
How Amobarbital, Secobarbital interacts with Valerin — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassifloraCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passiflora + Amobarbital, Secobarbital interactionValerianCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Valerian + Amobarbital, Secobarbital interactionAmphotericin, TetracyclineMysteclin-F
How Amphotericin, Tetracycline interacts with Valerin — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Magnesium CarbonateTetracycline Antibiotics Moderate
Interaction Summary
Magnesium decreases absorption of tetracyclines.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Amphotericin, Tetracycline interactionApomorphineAPO-go, APO-go Pen, APO-go PFS, Apokyn, Uprima
How Apomorphine interacts with Valerin — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ValerianGlucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian might weakly inhibit glucuronidation and increase concentrations of drugs metabolized by UGT1A1 and UGT2B7.
Read the full Valerian + Apomorphine interactionApomorphine HydrochlorideKynmobi
How Apomorphine Hydrochloride interacts with Valerin — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ValerianGlucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian might weakly inhibit glucuronidation and increase concentrations of drugs metabolized by UGT1A1 and UGT2B7.
Read the full Valerian + Apomorphine Hydrochloride interactionAprobarbital, Butabarbital, PhenobarbitalTriple Barbital
How Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital interacts with Valerin — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassifloraCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passiflora + Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital interactionValerianCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Valerian + Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital interactionAripiprazoleAbilify, Abilify Maintena, Abilify Mycite
How Aripiprazole interacts with Valerin — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ValerianCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Valerian + Aripiprazole interactionPassifloraCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passiflora + Aripiprazole interactionAripiprazole LauroxilAristada, Aristada Initio Kit
How Aripiprazole Lauroxil interacts with Valerin — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ValerianCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Valerian + Aripiprazole Lauroxil interactionPassifloraCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passiflora + Aripiprazole Lauroxil interactionAspirin, Aluminum Hydroxide, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium HydroxideAscriptin Codeine #3
How Aspirin, Aluminum Hydroxide, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interacts with Valerin — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Magnesium CarbonateAntacids, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Use of acid reducers may reduce the laxative effect of magnesium oxide.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Aspirin, Aluminum Hydroxide, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionValerianCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Valerian + Aspirin, Aluminum Hydroxide, Codeine Phosphate, Magnesium Hydroxide interactionAspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine PhosphateFiorinal w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassifloraCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passiflora + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionValerianCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Valerian + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionMagnesium CarbonateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Aspirin, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Codeine PhosphateAnacin w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ValerianCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Valerian + Aspirin, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionPassifloraCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passiflora + Aspirin, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionMagnesium CarbonateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Aspirin, Caffeine, Codeine Phosphate interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine BitartrateSynalgos DC
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ValerianCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Valerian + Aspirin, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate interactionPassifloraCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passiflora + Aspirin, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate interactionMagnesium CarbonateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Aspirin, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate interactionAspirin, Caffeine, HydrocodoneDamason-P
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Hydrocodone interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassifloraCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passiflora + Aspirin, Caffeine, Hydrocodone interactionValerianCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cns Depressants +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Valerian + Aspirin, Caffeine, Hydrocodone interactionMagnesium CarbonateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Aspirin, Caffeine, Hydrocodone interactionAspirin, Caffeine, OrphenadrineInvagesic, Invagesic Forte, Norgesic, Norgesic Forte, Orphengesic, Orphengesic Forte
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Orphenadrine interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Magnesium CarbonateSkeletal Muscle Relaxants, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Aspirin, Caffeine, Orphenadrine interactionValerianCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Valerian + Aspirin, Caffeine, Orphenadrine interactionPassifloraCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Passiflora + Aspirin, Caffeine, Orphenadrine interactionAspirin, Caffeine, Phenacetin, PropoxypheneMargesic Comp. 65
How Aspirin, Caffeine, Phenacetin, Propoxyphene interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassifloraCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passiflora + Aspirin, Caffeine, Phenacetin, Propoxyphene interactionValerianCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Valerian + Aspirin, Caffeine, Phenacetin, Propoxyphene interactionMagnesium CarbonateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Aspirin, Caffeine, Phenacetin, Propoxyphene interactionAspirin, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Magnesium OxideBufferin
How Aspirin, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Magnesium Oxide interacts with Valerin — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Magnesium CarbonateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Antacids Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Aspirin, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Magnesium Oxide interactionAspirin, CarisoprodolSoma Compound
How Aspirin, Carisoprodol interacts with Valerin — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Magnesium CarbonateSkeletal Muscle Relaxants, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Aspirin, Carisoprodol interactionAspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine PhosphateSoma Compound w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
ValerianCns Depressants, Cytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with CNS depressant drugs.
Read the full Valerian + Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine Phosphate interactionPassifloraCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passiflora + Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine Phosphate interactionMagnesium CarbonateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Aspirin, Carisoprodol, Codeine Phosphate interactionAspirin, Citric Acid, Sodium BicarbonateAlka-Seltzer Pain Reliever and Antacid
How Aspirin, Citric Acid, Sodium Bicarbonate interacts with Valerin — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Magnesium CarbonateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Antacids Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Aspirin, Citric Acid, Sodium Bicarbonate interactionAspirin, Codeine PhosphateAspirin w/ Codeine
How Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate interacts with Valerin — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
PassifloraCns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Read the full Passiflora + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate interactionValerianCytochrome P450 2d6 (cyp2d6) Substrates, Cns Depressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Read the full Valerian + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate interactionMagnesium CarbonateAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
Read the full Magnesium Carbonate + Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Valerin with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Valerian
Alcohol (Ethanol)
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with alcohol.
Valerian has sedative effects. Theoretically, valerian might have an additive sedative effect when combined with alcohol. Excessive sedation has been reported in an alcohol-abusing individual who took valerian and Gingko biloba. However, the potential interaction between valerian and alcohol has been disputed in other research. Limited evidence suggests that a combination of valerian 160 mg and lemon balm 80 mg (Euvegal) does not cause further deterioration in reaction ability and reaction rate when taken with alcohol as compared to the effects of alcohol alone.
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used with alprazolam. Also, valerian in high doses might modestly increase alprazolam levels, though this is not likely to be clinically significant.
Valerian has sedative effects. Theoretically, valerian might cause additive sedation when combined with alprazolam. Also, a small pharmacokinetic study shows that taking valerian extract 1000 mg daily (providing 11 mg valerenic acid) might increase alprazolam levels by about 19%. This might be due to valerian's mild inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Despite being statistically significant, this increase is not likely to be clinically significant.
Cns Depressants
Valerian can have additive sedative effects when used concomitantly with CNS depressant drugs.
Theoretically, concomitant use of valerian and drugs with sedative and anesthetic properties may cause additive therapeutic and adverse effects.
Glucuronidated Drugs
Valerian might weakly inhibit glucuronidation and increase concentrations of drugs metabolized by UGT1A1 and UGT2B7.
In vitro research shows that methanolic valerian extract and valerenic acid might competitively inhibit UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 (UGT1A1) and UGT2B7.
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
Although some in vitro evidence suggests that valerian affects CYP2D6, clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies show that valerian is unlikely to affect the CYP2D6 enzyme. In one PK study, taking valerian 1000 mg (providing about 11 mg valerenic acid) nightly for 14 days did not affect the metabolism of dextromethorphan, a CYP2D6 substrate. In another PK study, taking valerian 125 mg three times daily for 28 days did not affect metabolism of debrisoquine, an accepted CYP2D6 probe-substrate.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Valerian does not seem to have a clinically relevant effect on levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Although some in vitro evidence suggests that valerian extract might inhibit or induce CYP3A4, clinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies show that valerian does not have a clinically significant effect on the CYP3A4 enzyme. In one PK study, taking valerian 125 mg three times daily for 28 days did not affect metabolism of midazolam, an accepted CYP3A4 probe-substrate. In another PK study, taking valerian 1000 mg (providing about 11 mg valerenic acid) nightly for 14 days modestly increases levels of alprazolam, a CYP3A4 substrate, suggesting mild inhibition of CYP3A4. However, this mild inhibition is unlikely to be clinically relevant.
Passiflora
Cns Depressants
Concomitant use of passion flower with sedative drugs might cause additive effects and side effects.
Research in animals and humans shows that passion flower has sedative effects which can be additive when used with sedative medications like lorazepam.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, passion flower might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that passion flower can induce CYP3A4 enzymes, albeit to a much lower degree than rifampin, a known CYP3A4 inducer.
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)
Theoretically, passion flower might reduce the bioavailability of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that the passion flower constituents apigenin and vitexin inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. This inhibition may be dose-dependent. One specific high-flavonoid passion flower extract (Valverde) seems to inhibit OATP2B1 and OATP1A2, while another extract with a lower flavonoid concentration (Arkocaps) shows less potent inhibition. OATPs are responsible for the uptake of drugs and other compounds into the body; however, the specific activities of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2 are not well characterized.
Magnesium Carbonate
Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
Magnesium can reduce the bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that taking magnesium oxide 1000 mg with levodopa 100 mg/carbidopa 10 mg reduces the area under the curve (AUC) of levodopa by 35% and of carbidopa by 81%. In vitro and animal research shows that magnesium produces an alkaline environment in the digestive tract, which might lead to degradation and reduced bioavailability of levodopa/carbidopa.
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Concomitant use of aminoglycoside antibiotics and magnesium can increase the risk for neuromuscular weakness.
Both aminoglycosides and magnesium reduce presynaptic acetylcholine release, which can lead to neuromuscular blockade and possible paralysis. This is most likely to occur with high doses of magnesium given intravenously.
Antacids
Use of acid reducers may reduce the laxative effect of magnesium oxide.
A retrospective analysis shows that, in the presence of H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a higher dose of magnesium oxide is needed for a laxative effect. This may also occur with antacids. Under acidic conditions, magnesium oxide is converted to magnesium chloride and then to magnesium bicarbonate, which has an osmotic laxative effect. By reducing acidity, antacids may reduce the conversion of magnesium oxide to the active bicarbonate salt.
Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)
Magnesium might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after magnesium containing products.
Bisphosphonates
Magnesium can decrease absorption of bisphosphonates.
Cations, including magnesium, can decrease bisphosphonate absorption. Advise patients to separate doses of magnesium and these drugs by at least 2 hours.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Magnesium can have additive effects with calcium channel blockers, although evidence is conflicting.
Magnesium inhibits calcium entry into smooth muscle cells and may therefore have additive effects with calcium channel blockers. Severe hypotension and neuromuscular blockades may occur when nifedipine is used with intravenous magnesium, although some contradictory evidence suggests that concurrent use of magnesium with nifedipine does not increase the risk of neuromuscular weakness. High doses of magnesium could theoretically have additive effects with other calcium channel blockers.
Digoxin
Magnesium salts may reduce absorption of digoxin.
Clinical evidence suggests that treatment with oral magnesium hydroxide or magnesium trisilicate reduces absorption of digoxin from the intestines. This may reduce the blood levels of digoxin and decrease its therapeutic effects.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Potassium-sparing diuretics decrease excretion of magnesium, possibly increasing magnesium levels.
Potassium-sparing diuretics also have magnesium-sparing properties, which can counteract the magnesium losses associated with loop and thiazide diuretics. Theoretically, increased magnesium levels could result from concomitant use of potassium-sparing diuretics and magnesium supplements.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Magnesium decreases absorption of quinolones.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with quinolones and decrease their absorption. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Parenteral magnesium alters the pharmacokinetics of skeletal muscle relaxants, increasing their effects and accelerating the onset of effect.
Parenteral magnesium shortens the time to onset of skeletal muscle relaxants by about 1 minute and prolongs the duration of action by about 2 minutes. Magnesium potentiates the effects of skeletal muscle relaxants by decreasing calcium-mediated release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve terminals, reducing postsynaptic sensitivity to acetylcholine, and having a direct effect on the membrane potential of myocytes. Magnesium also has vasodilatory actions and increases cardiac output, allowing a greater amount of muscle relaxant to reach the motor end plate. A clinical study found that low-dose rocuronium (0.45 mg/kg), when given after administration of magnesium 30 mg/kg over 10 minutes, has an accelerated onset of effect, which matches the onset of effect seen with a full-dose rocuronium regimen (0.6 mg/kg). In another clinical study, onset times for rocuronium doses of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/kg were 86, 76, and 50 seconds, respectively, when given alone, but were reduced to 66, 44, and 38 seconds, respectively, when the doses were given after a 15-minute infusion of magnesium sulfate 60 mg/kg. Giving intraoperative intravenous magnesium sulfate, 50 mg/kg loading dose followed by 15 mg/kg/hour, reduces the onset time of rocuronium, enhances its clinical effects, reduces the dose of intraoperative opiates, and prolongs the spontaneous recovery time. It does not affect the activity of subsequently administered neostigmine.
Sulfonylureas
Magnesium increases the systemic absorption of sulfonylureas, increasing their effects and side effects.
Clinical research shows that administration of magnesium hydroxide with glyburide increases glyburide absorption, increases maximal insulin response by 35-fold, and increases the risk of hypoglycemia, when compared with glyburide alone. A similar interaction occurs between magnesium hydroxide and glipizide. The mechanism of this effect appears to be related to the elevation of gastrointestinal pH by magnesium-based antacids, increasing solubility and enhancing absorption of sulfonylureas.
Tetracycline Antibiotics
Magnesium decreases absorption of tetracyclines.
Magnesium can form insoluble complexes with tetracyclines in the gut and decrease their absorption and antibacterial activity. Advise patients to take these drugs 1 hour before or 2 hours after magnesium supplements.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, magnesium may have antiplatelet effects, but the evidence is conflicting.
In vitro evidence shows that magnesium sulfate inhibits platelet aggregation, even at low concentrations. Some preliminary clinical evidence shows that infusion of magnesium sulfate increases bleeding time by 48% and reduces platelet activity. However, other clinical research shows that magnesium does not affect platelet aggregation, although inhibition of platelet-dependent thrombosis can occur.
Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Gabapentin absorption can be decreased by magnesium.
Clinical research shows that giving magnesium oxide orally along with gabapentin decreases the maximum plasma concentration of gabapentin by 33%, time to maximum concentration by 36%, and area under the curve by 43%. Advise patients to take gabapentin at least 2 hours before, or 4 to 6 hours after, magnesium supplements.
Sevelamer (Renagel, Renvela)
Sevelamer may increase serum magnesium levels.
In patients on hemodialysis, sevelamer use was associated with a 0.28 mg/dL increase in serum magnesium. The mechanism of this interaction remains unclear.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Valerin, from the product label.
Wonder Labs
See all Wonder Labs products- Name
- Wonder Labs
- Street Address
- 115 S.C.T. Court
- City
- White House
- State
- TN
- ZipCode
- 37188
- Phone Number
- 800.992.1672
- Web Address
- www.wonderlabs.com
Valerin by Wonder Labs: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Valerin’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Valerian
Interacts with 902 drugsValerian is an herb whose root is widely used as a natural sleep aid and for calming nerves. The evidence is mixed and often weak, so it may help some people sleep but does not work reliably...
Read the full Valerian monograph → Herb & supplement monographPassion Flower
Interacts with 836 drugsPassion flower is a traditional calming herb that many people use for anxiety and sleep. Early studies hint it may help with mild anxiety and restlessness, but the evidence is limited and mo...
Read the full Passion Flower monograph → Herb & supplement monographMagnesium
Interacts with 295 drugsMagnesium is an essential mineral your body needs for muscles, nerves, blood pressure, and many other functions, and supplements are useful for preventing or correcting deficiency. Some othe...
Read the full Magnesium monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Valerin's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 138 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Valerian 37 references
- Willey LB, Mady SP, Cobaugh DJ, Wax PM. Valerian overdose: a case report. Vet Hum Toxicol 1995;37:364-5.
- Kuhlmann J, Berger W, Podzuweit H, Schmidt U. The influence of valerian treatment on "reaction time, alertness and concentration" in volunteers. Pharmacopsychiatry 1999;32:235-41. PubMed
- Klepser TB, Klepser ME. Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999;56:125-38. PubMed
- Houghton PJ. The scientific basis for the reputed activity of Valerian. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999;51:505-12. PubMed
- Garges HP, Varia I, Doraiswamy PM. Cardiac complications and delirium associated with Valerian root withdrawal. [Letter to the Editor]. JAMA 1998;280:1566-7. PubMed
- Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
- MacGregor FB, Abernethy VE, Dahabra S, et al. Hepatotoxicity of herbal remedies. BMJ 1989;299:1156-7. PubMed
- Leathwood PD, Chauffard F. Aqueous extract of valerian reduces latency to fall asleep in man. Planta Med 1985;2:144-8. PubMed
- Hadley S, Petry JJ. Valerian. Am Fam Physician 2003;67:1755-8..
- Glass JR, Sproule BA, Herrmann N, et al. Acute pharmacological effects of temazepam, diphenhydramine, and valerian in healthy elderly subjects. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;23:260-8. PubMed
- Lefebvre T, Foster BC, Drouin CE, et al. In vitro activity of commercial valerian root extracts against human cytochrome P450 3A4. J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 2004;7:265-73.
- Yuan CS, Mehendale S, Xiao Y, et al. The gamma-aminobutyric acidergic effects of valerian and valerenic acid on rat brainstem neuronal activity. Anesth Analg 2004;98:353-8. PubMed
- Donovan JL, DeVane CL, Chavin KD, et al. Multiple night-time doses of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) had minimal effects on CYP3A4 activity and no effect on CYP2D6 activity in healthy volunteers. Drug Metab Dispos 2004;32:1333-6. PubMed
- Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo effects of goldenseal, kava kava, black cohosh, and valerian on human cytochrome P450 1A2, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4/5 phenotypes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;77:415-26. PubMed
- Gutierrez S, Ang-Lee MK, Walker DJ, Zacny JP. Assessing subjective and psychomotor effects of the herbal medication valerian in healthy volunteers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2004;78:57-64. PubMed
- Jacobs BP, Bent S, Tice JA, et al. An internet-based randomized, placebo-controlled trial of kava and valerian for anxiety and insomnia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005;84:197-207. PubMed
- National Toxicology Program, US Department of Health and Human Services. Chemical Information Review Document for Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) [CAS No. 8057-49-6] and Oils [CAS No. 8008-88-6]. Supporting Nomination for Toxicological Evaluation by t
- Fernández-San-Martín MI, Masa-Font R, Palacios-Soler L, et al. Effectiveness of Valerian on insomnia: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Sleep Med. 2010 Jun;11:505-11. PubMed
- Coxeter PD, Schluter PJ, Eastwood HL, et al. Valerian does not appear to reduce symptoms for patients with chronic insomnia in general practice using a series of randomised n-of-1 trials. Complement Ther Med. 2003 Dec;11:215-22. PubMed
- Diaper A, Hindmarch I. A double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of the effects of two doses of a valerian preparation on the sleep, cognitive and psychomotor function of sleep-disturbed older adults. Phytother Res. 2004 Oct;18:831-6. PubMed
- Cuellar NG, Ratcliffe SJ. Does valerian improve sleepiness and symptom severity in people with restless legs syndrome? Altern Ther Health Med 2009;15:22-8.
- Chen D, Klesmer J, Giovanniello A, et al. Mental status changes in an alcohol abuser taking valerian and gingko biloba. Am J Addict. 2002 Winter;11:75-7. PubMed
- Albrecht M, Berger W, Laux P, Schmidt U, et al. Psychopharmaka und Verkehrssicherheit. Der Einfluß von Euvegal® - Dragees forte auf die Fahrtüchtigkeit und Kombinationswirkungen mit Alkohol Z Allg Med 1995;71:1215-25.
- Carrasco MC, Vallejo JR, Pardo-de-Santayana M, et al. Interactions of Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. in a patient treated with lorazepam. Phytother Res. 2009 Dec;23:1795-6.
- Hellum BH, Nilsen OG. The in vitro inhibitory potential of trade herbal products on human CYP2D6-mediated metabolism and the influence of ethanol. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Nov;101:350-8.
- Hellum BH, Hu Z, Nilsen OG. The induction of CYP1A2, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 by six trade herbal products in cultured primary human hepatocytes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Jan;100:23-30. PubMed
- Alkharfy, K. M. and Frye, R. F. Effect of valerian, valerian/hops extracts, and valerenic acid on glucuronidation in vitro. Xenobiotica 2007;37(2):113-123.
- Vassiliadis, T., Anagnostis, P., Patsiaoura, K., Giouleme, O., Katsinelos, P., Mpoumponaris, A., and Eugenidis, N. Valeriana hepatotoxicity. Sleep Med 2009;10(8):935. PubMed
- Muller, Z., Sarkany, A., Altorjay, A., Szilagyi, A., Tura, T., and Ozsvar, Z. [Liver failure a la Eastern Europe]. Orv.Hetil. 3-22-2009;150(12):555-557. PubMed
- National Toxicology Program, US Department of Health and Human Services. Chemical Information Review Document for Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) [CAS No. 8057-49-6] and Oils [CAS No. 8008-88-6]. 2009;
- Wells SR. International intravenous administration of a crude valerian root extract. NACCT 1995;33:542.
- Aydinoglu U, Özcan H, Yücel A, Yücel N, Mutlu M. Valerian induced hypomania: a case report. Bull Clin Psychopharma 2012;22(Suppl. 1):S63.
- Mirabi P, Mojab F. The effects of valerian root on hot flashes in menopausal women. Iran J Pharm Res 2013;12(1):217-22.
- Thomas K, Canedo J, Perry PJ, et al. Effects of valerian on subjective sedation, field sobriety testing and driving simulator performance. Accid Anal Prev. 2016 Jul;92:240-4. PubMed
- Kia YH, Alexander S, Dowling D, Standish R. A case of steroid-responsive valerian-associated hepatitis. Intern Med J. 2016 Jan;46(1):118-9. PubMed
- Burke H, Jiang S, Chatham P, Stern TA. Delirium After Withdrawal From Valerian Root: A Case Report. Psychosomatics. 2020;61(6):787-790. PubMed
- Hajizadeh I, Jamshidi M, Kazemi M, Kargar H, Sadeghi T. Comparison the effect of valerian and gabapentin on RLS and sleep quality in hemodialysis patients: A randomized clinical trial. Ther Apher Dial 2023.
Passion Flower 19 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Fisher AA, Purcell P, Le Couteur DG. Toxicity of Passiflora incarnata L. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000;38:63-6.
- Akhondzadeh S, Naghavi HR, Shayeganpour A, et al. Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety: a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam. J Clin Pharm Ther 2001;26:363-7. PubMed
- Farnsworth N, Bingel A, Cordell G, et al. Potential value of plants as sources of new antifertility agents I. J Pharm Sci 1975;64:535-98. DOI
- Mori A, Hasegawa K, Murasaki M, et al. Clinical evaluation of Passiflamin (passiflora extract) on neurosis - multicenter double blind study in comparison with mexazolam. Rinsho Hyoka (Clinical Evaluation) 1993;21:383-440.
- Miyasaka LS, Atallah AN, Soares BG. Passiflora for anxiety disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(1):CD004518. DOI
- Speroni E., Minghetti A. Neuropharmacological activity of extracts from Passiflora incarnata. Planta Med. 1988;54:488-91.
- Capasso A., Sorrentino L. Pharmacological studies on the sedative and hypnotic effect of Kava kava and Passiflora extracts combination. Phytomedicine. 2005;12:39-45. PubMed
- Carrasco MC, Vallejo JR, Pardo-de-Santayana M, et al. Interactions of Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. in a patient treated with lorazepam. Phytother Res. 2009 Dec;23:1795-6.
- Smith, G. W., Chalmers, T. M., and Nuki, G. Vasculitis associated with herbal preparation containing Passiflora extract. Br J Rheumatol. 1993;32(1):87-88.
- Soulimani, R., Younos, C., Jarmouni, S., Bousta, D., Misslin, R., and Mortier, F. Behavioural effects of Passiflora incarnata L. and its indole alkaloid and flavonoid derivatives and maltol in the mouse. J Ethnopharmacol. 1997;57(1):11-20. PubMed
- Nojoumi M, Ghaeli P, Salimi S, Sharifi A, Raisi F. Effects of Passion Flower Extract, as an Add-On Treatment to Sertraline, on Reaction Time in Patients ?with Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Iran J Psychiatry. 2016;1
- Rokhtabnak F, Ghodraty MR, Kholdebarin A, et al. Comparing the Effect of Preoperative Administration of Melatonin and Passiflora incarnata on Postoperative Cognitive Disorders in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery. Anesth Pain Med. 2016;7(1):e4123 PubMed
- Dantas LP, de Oliveira-Ribeiro A, de Almeida-Souza LM, Groppo FC. Effects of passiflora incarnata and midazolam for control of anxiety in patients undergoing dental extraction. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(1):e95-e101. PubMed
- Ozturk Z, Kalayci CC. Pregnancy outcomes in psychiatric patients treated with passiflora incarnata. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Feb;36:30-32. PubMed
- da Cunha RS, Amorim KS, Gercina AC, et al. Herbal medicines as anxiolytics prior to third molar surgical extraction. A randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2020. PubMed
- Schäfer AM, Gilgen PM, Spirgi C, et al. Constituents of Passiflora incarnata, but Not of Valeriana officinalis, Interact with the Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP)2B1 and OATP1A2. Planta Med. 2021. PubMed
- Mazzari ALDA, Lacerda MG, Milton FA, et al. In vitro effects of European and Latin-American medicinal plants in CYP3A4 gene expression, glutathione levels, and P-glycoprotein activity. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:826395. PubMed
Magnesium 82 references
- Rodin SM, Johnson BF. Pharmacokinetic interactions with digoxin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1988;15:227-44.
- Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
- Dahle LO, Berg G, Hammar M, et al. The effect of oral magnesium substitution on pregnancy-induced leg cramps. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173:175-80. PubMed
- Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
- Peikert A, Wilimzig C, Kohne-Volland R. Prophylaxis of migraine with oral magnesium: results from a prospective, multi-center, placebo-controlled and double-blind randomized study. Cephalalgia 1996;16:257-63. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999. Available at: http://books.nap.edu/books/0309063507/html/index.html.
- Birrer RB, Shallash AJ, Totten V. Hypermagnesemia-induced fatality following epsom salt gargles. J Emerg Med 2002;22:185-8. PubMed
- Ryan MP. Diuretics and potassium/magnesium depletion. Directions for treatment. Am J Med 1987;82:38-47.. PubMed
- Hollifield JW. Magnesium depletion, diuretics, and arrhythmias. Am J Med 1987;82:30-7.. PubMed
- Heidenreich O. Mode of action of conventional and potassium-sparing diuretics--aspects with relevance to Mg-sparing effects. Magnesium 1984;3:248-56..
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