Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Protocol For Life Balance

Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin is a dietary supplement by Protocol For Life Balance with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for antioxidant support, heart and circulation health, vein problems (such as varicose veins).Based on those ingredients, 1,058 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Grape seed extract, Butcher's Broom extract, Horse Chestnut extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin by Protocol For Life Balance

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin by Protocol For Life Balance — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin by Protocol For Life Balance

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 5 of its 5 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product contains 5 active ingredients, each chosen to support vein health. Grape seed extract is a plant compound rich in antioxidants; rutin powder is a flavonoid (plant nutrient) with antioxidant properties; butcher's broom extract comes from a plant traditionally used for vascular support; horse chestnut extract contains compounds that may help strengthen blood vessel walls; and Trunorin is an ingredient we have no further information on in our data.

The capsule also contains inactive ingredients—rice flour, cellulose powders, magnesium stearate, and silica—which are fillers and binders.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Support healthy vein function and vascular integrity.
  • We looked for evidence on: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), Hemorrhoids, Varicose veins, Leg swelling, Vascular health, Circulation support.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Butcher's Broom is rated "Possibly Effective" for Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Grape is rated "Possibly Effective" for Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).
  • Also on file: Horse Chestnut is rated "Possibly Effective" for Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).

Evidence for grape seed extract, butcher's broom, and horse chestnut extract all suggests they're possibly effective for chronic venous insufficiency (a condition affecting leg veins and circulation). Rutin's effectiveness hasn't been established for the conditions studied in our data—the evidence is considered insufficient to rate it.

Grape seed extract is rated possibly ineffective for allergic rhinitis, chemotherapy-induced nausea, and obesity.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Grape Rutin Butcher's Broom Horse Chestnut

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Grape seed extract is generally well tolerated in studies; side effects in real use include abdominal pain, diarrhea, dry mouth, headache, joint pain, and nausea, with rare reports of severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Rutin may cause headache, flushing, or rash in some people.

Butcher's broom is generally well tolerated short-term and can cause digestive upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heartburn), with rare contact dermatitis from topical use. Horse chestnut extract may cause dizziness, stomach upset, headache, or itching; one case reported a serious heart condition after very high doses.

Pregnant individuals should avoid concentrated grape supplements and all three of the other herbal extracts—safety data are limited or the product is rated unsafe. Breastfeeding: grape as food is fine, but there isn't enough data on concentrated grape supplements; rutin is listed as likely safe but safety data are limited; butcher's broom and horse chestnut are best avoided due to insufficient safety information.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Grape Rutin Butcher's Broom Horse Chestnut

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Rutin, Butcher's Broom, Grape, Horse Chestnut.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,059 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check your medications against this product if you take blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, others)—grape seed and horse chestnut may increase bleeding risk. Also double-check if you're on cyclosporine, diabetes medications, heart drugs that depend on liver processing (CYP enzymes), or blood pressure medications called alpha-adrenergic antagonists or agonists.

No interactions are documented for Trunorin, as we could not check that ingredient.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may help support vein health if you have chronic venous insufficiency—three of its main ingredients show some evidence for that. If you take any prescription medications, especially blood thinners, diabetes drugs, heart medications, or cyclosporine, talk to your pharmacist or doctor first; the interactions are real and worth checking.

Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should discuss this with their healthcare provider before starting.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 23, 2016.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin, straight from the product label.

Brand Protocol For Life Balance
Barcode (UPC) 707359131231
Net contents 90 Veg Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Dec 23, 2016
DSLD ID 68900
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin by Protocol For Life Balance, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Veg Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Veg Capsule(s)
Servings per container
45
UPC/BARCODE
707359131231
IngredientAmount% DV
Grape seed extract20 mg--
Rutin powder10 mg--
Butcher's Broom extract50 mg--
Trunorin250 mg--
Horse Chestnut extract100 mg--

Other ingredients: Rice Flour, Cellulose powder, Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Silica

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Scientific studies have found that Trunorin and its constituent alkaloids may help to support normal venous function and integrity.*

Trunorin is a trademark of Unigen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

HOW IT WORKS: Vein Integrity is a combination of complementary botanical ingredients formulated for the support of healthy circulation.*

Formula

The traditionally used herbal extracts, Butcher’s Broom and Horse Chestnut Seed, have been included to support a healthy circulatory system.*

Contains tree nut (horse chestnut).

Vein Integrity features the clinically tested ingredient, Trunorin, a patented extract of Prickly Ash Bark.

Precautions

CAUTIONS/INTERACTIONS: Horse Chestnut may interact with anticoagulant medications. Butcher’s Broom may interact with drugs that affect alpha-adrenergic receptors. Not recommended for pregnant women. Consult your healthcare practitioner if taking medication or have a medical condition.

This bottle contains an AGELESS Oxygen Absorber to ensure freshness. Do not eat packet.

Not manufactured with wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, fish or shellfish ingredients. Produced in a GMP facility that processes other ingredients containing these allergens.

Contains tree nut (horse chestnut).

FDA Disclaimer Statement

*These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General

CODE P3123 V8

General Statements

~ Supports Healthy Vein Function* ~ Supports Vascular Integrity*

Please Recycle.

Natural color variation may occur in this product.

FDA Statement of Identity

A Dietary Supplement

Formulation

Vegetarian/Vegan

Not manufactured with wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, fish or shellfish ingredients.

Seals/Symbols

GMP

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place after opening.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

SUGGESTED USAGE: Take 2 capsules daily, or as recommended by your healthcare practitioner

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin by Protocol For Life Balance label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin by Protocol For Life Balance

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Veg Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container45 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Grape seed extract

Interacts with
910 drugs
20 mg per serving Form: Polyphenols

Grapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support heart and b...

Grape seed extract monograph & interactions

Rutin powder

Interacts with
86 drugs
10 mg per serving Form: Sophora japonica

Rutin is a plant flavonoid (often taken from buckwheat or citrus) that people use mainly for blood vessel and circulation problems like varicose veins...

Rutin powder monograph & interactions

Butcher's Broom extract

Interacts with
158 drugs
50 mg per serving Form: Saponins

Butcher's broom is a plant extract most often used for circulation problems in the legs, such as chronic venous insufficiency, where some evidence sug...

Butcher's Broom extract monograph & interactions

Trunorin

250 mg per serving Form: Total Alkaloids

Horse Chestnut extract

Interacts with
122 drugs
100 mg per serving Form: Aescin

Horse chestnut seed extract is most often used for chronic venous insufficiency, where standardized products may help reduce leg swelling, pain, and h...

Horse Chestnut extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Rice Flour, Cellulose powder, Cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Silica. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin by Protocol For Life Balance Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,058Drugs
1,027 Moderate 31 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Grape seed extract 910
Butcher's Broom extract 158
Horse Chestnut extract 122
Rutin powder 86

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin interact with 1,058 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 5 ingredients in Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Grape seed extract Butcher's Broom extract Horse Chestnut extract Rutin powder

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Grape seed extract9 drug types · 910 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, grape extracts may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape extracts might decrease platelet aggregation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Ingesting grape juice with cyclosporine can reduce cyclosporine absorption.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy young adults shows that intake of purple grape juice 200 mL along with cyclosporine can decrease the absorption of cyclosporine by up to 30% when compared with water. Separate doses of grape juice and cyclosporine by at least 2 hours to avoid this interaction.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, grape juice might reduce the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that ingestion of 200 mL of grape juice decreases phenacetin plasma levels. This is thought to be due to induction of CYP1A2.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, grape seed extract may increase the levels of CYP2D6 substrates.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape seed extract might inhibit CYP2D6 enzymes. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (Cyp2E1) Substrates

Theoretically, grape seed extract might increase the levels of CYP2E1 substrates.
In vitro and animal research suggests that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits CYP2E1 enzymes. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

It is unclear if grape seed extract inhibits or induces CYP3A4; research is conflicting.
In vitro evidence suggests that grape seed extract might inhibit CYP3A4 enzymes. However, evidence from animal research shows that grape seed extract may induce CYP3A4 in the liver. So far, these interactions have not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Midazolam (Versed)

Theoretically, long-term intake of grape seed extract might decrease the effects of midazolam.
Animal research shows that subchronic ingestions of grape seed extract can increase the elimination of intravenous midazolam by increasing hepatic CYP3A4 activity. Single doses of grape seed extract do not appear to affect midazolam elimination.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenacetin

Grape juice might decrease phenacetin absorption.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that ingestion of 200 mL of grape juice decreases phenacetin plasma levels. This is thought to be due to induction of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2).

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

It is unclear if grape juice or grape seed extract inhibits CYP2C9; research is conflicting.
In vitro evidence shows that grape seed extract or grape juice might inhibit CYP2C9 enzymes. However, a small pharmacokinetic study in healthy adults shows that drinking 8 ounces of grape juice once does not affect the clearance of flurbiprofen, a probe-drug for CYP2C9 metabolism. The effects of continued grape juice consumption are unclear.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Grape seed extract full monograph & interactions

Butcher's Broom extract2 drug types · 158 drugs

Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists

Theoretically, butcher's broom might increase the effects and adverse effects of alpha-adrenergic agonists.
Animal and in vitro studies show that butcher's broom has alpha-adrenergic agonist effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists

Theoretically, butcher's broom might reduce the effects of alpha-adrenergic antagonists.
Animal and in vitro studies show that butcher's broom has alpha-adrenergic agonist effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Butcher's Broom extract full monograph & interactions

Horse Chestnut extract1 drug type · 122 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Horse chestnut may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Horse chestnut contains the constituent esculin which has been shown to have antithrombotic effects. Therefore, horse chestnut might have antiplatelet effects. This has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Horse Chestnut extract full monograph & interactions

Rutin powder1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking rutin with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal research suggests that rutin has hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Rutin powder full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin, from the product label.

Protocol For Life Balance

See all Protocol For Life Balance products
Name
Protocol For Life Balance
Street Address
395 S. Glen Ellyn Rd.
City
Bloomingdale
State
IL
ZipCode
60108
Web Address
www.protocolforlife.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin by Protocol For Life Balance: Common Questions

Does Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin by Protocol For Life Balance interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin has a known interaction with 1,058 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
The safety data advise against it. Grape seed extract, butcher's broom, and horse chestnut are not recommended during pregnancy due to limited or no safety information. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice if you're thinking about it.
What side effects might I experience?
Most common are mild: abdominal pain, diarrhea, dry mouth, headache, nausea, or joint pain from grape seed extract, and diarrhea or heartburn from butcher's broom. Rutin may cause headache, flushing, or rash. Serious side effects are rare but have been reported.
Does this really work for leg vein problems?
For chronic venous insufficiency—the medical term for vein and circulation problems in the legs—three of the main ingredients (grape seed, butcher's broom, and horse chestnut) are rated possibly effective based on available research. That means there's some evidence, but it's not definitive.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
There isn't enough data on concentrated grape supplements or butcher's broom while breastfeeding, so it's best to avoid them. Rutin is listed as likely safe but long-term safety data are limited. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for guidance.
What is Trunorin, and is it safe?
Trunorin is one of the five active ingredients in this product, but we don't have interaction or safety data on file for it specifically. Ask the manufacturer or your pharmacist for more information about what it is and how it works.
I take cyclosporine for my kidney transplant. Is this safe?
No—don't take this without talking to your transplant team first. Grape seed extract in this product can reduce cyclosporine absorption by up to 30%, which could affect how well your anti-rejection drug works. If you do take both, keep them at least 2 hours apart and monitor closely with your doctor.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Grape

Interacts with 910 drugs

Grapes and grape products like grape seed extract contain antioxidant compounds such as resveratrol and proanthocyanidins that may support heart and blood vessel health. While the food is he...

Read the full Grape monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Rutin

Interacts with 86 drugs

Rutin is a plant flavonoid (often taken from buckwheat or citrus) that people use mainly for blood vessel and circulation problems like varicose veins and hemorrhoids. The evidence is limite...

Read the full Rutin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Butcher's Broom

Interacts with 158 drugs

Butcher's broom is a plant extract most often used for circulation problems in the legs, such as chronic venous insufficiency, where some evidence suggests it may help reduce swelling and di...

Read the full Butcher's Broom monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Horse Chestnut

Interacts with 122 drugs

Horse chestnut seed extract is most often used for chronic venous insufficiency, where standardized products may help reduce leg swelling, pain, and heaviness. Raw, unprocessed horse chestnu...

Read the full Horse Chestnut monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Vein Integrity With Clinically Tested Trunorin's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 65 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Grape 34 references
  1. Kiesewetter H, Koscielny J, Kalus U, et al. Efficacy of orally administered extract of red vine leaf AS 195 (folia vitis viniferae) in chronic venous insufficiency (stages I-II). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arzneimittelforschung
  2. Xiao Dong S, Zhi Ping Z, Zhong Xiao W, et al. Possible enhancement of the first-pass metabolism of phenacetin by ingestion of grape juice in Chinese subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999;48:638-40. PubMed
  3. Vaswani SK, Hamilton RG, Carey RN, et al. Anaphylaxis recurrent urticaria and angioedema from grape hypersensitivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:S31.
  4. Chevallier A. The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. London, UK: Dorling Kindersley, Ltd., 1996.
  5. Bernstein DI, Bernstein CK, Deng C, et al. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of grapeseed extract in the treatment of fall seasonal allergic rhinitis: a pilot study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:272-8.. PubMed
  6. Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL, Perloff ES, et al. Interaction of flurbiprofen with cranberry juice, grape juice, tea, and fluconazole: in vitro and clinical studies. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006;79:125-33. PubMed
  7. Ward NC, Hodgson JM, Croft KD, et al. The combination of vitamin C and grape-seed polyphenols increases blood pressure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Hypertens 2005;23:427-34.. PubMed
  8. Ray, S. D., Parikh, H., Hickey, E., Bagchi, M., and Bagchi, D. Differential effects of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and a DNA repair modulator 4-aminobenzamide on liver microsomal cytochrome 4502E1-dependent aniline hydroxylation. Mol Cell B PubMed
  9. O'Byrne, D. J., Devaraj, S., Grundy, S. M., and Jialal, I. Comparison of the antioxidant effects of Concord grape juice flavonoids alpha-tocopherol on markers of oxidative stress in healthy adults. Am J Clin.Nutr. 2002;76(6):1367-1374.
  10. Schaefer, E., Peil, H., Ambrosetti, L., and Petrini, O. Oedema protective properties of the red vine leaf extract AS 195 (Folia vitis viniferae) in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. A 6-week observational clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschun PubMed
  11. Nishikawa, M., Ariyoshi, N., Kotani, A., Ishii, I., Nakamura, H., Nakasa, H., Ida, M., Nakamura, H., Kimura, N., Kimura, M., Hasegawa, A., Kusu, F., Ohmori, S., Nakazawa, K., and Kitada, M. Effects of continuous ingestion of green tea or grape seed extra
  12. de Lange, D. W., Scholman, W. L., Kraaijenhagen, R. J., Akkerman, J. W., and van de Wiel, A. Alcohol and polyphenolic grape extract inhibit platelet adhesion in flowing blood. Eur.J Clin.Invest 2004;34(12):818-824. PubMed
  13. Samet, J. M. and Coultas, D. B. Reduced forced vital capacity in California grape workers. What does it mean? Am Rev.Respir.Dis 1992;145(2 Pt 1):255-256. PubMed
  14. Gamsky, T. E., McCurdy, S. A., Samuels, S. J., and Schenker, M. B. Reduced FVC among California grape workers. Am Rev.Respir.Dis 1992;145(2 Pt 1):257-262. PubMed
  15. de Lange, D. W., Verhoef, S., Gorter, G., Kraaijenhagen, R. J., van de Wiel, A., and Akkerman, J. W. Polyphenolic grape extract inhibits platelet activation through PECAM-1: an explanation for the French paradox. Alcohol Clin.Exp.Res 2007;31(8):1308-1314 PubMed
  16. Etheridge, A. S., Black, S. R., Patel, P. R., So, J., and Mathews, J. M. An in vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450 inhibition and P-glycoprotein interaction with goldenseal, Ginkgo biloba, grape seed, milk thistle, and ginseng extracts and their constitu
  17. Krikorian, R., Nash, T. A., Shidler, M. D., Shukitt-Hale, B., and Joseph, J. A. Concord grape juice supplementation improves memory function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Br J Nutr. 2010;103(5):730-734. PubMed
  18. Ingersoll, G. L., Wasilewski, A., Haller, M., Pandya, K., Bennett, J., He, H., Hoffmire, C., and Berry, C. Effect of concord grape juice on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: results of a pilot study. Oncol.Nurs.Forum 2010;37(2):213-221. PubMed
  19. Oliveira-Freitas, V. L., Dalla, Costa T., Manfro, R. C., Cruz, L. B., and Schwartsmann, G. Influence of purple grape juice in cyclosporine bioavailability. J Ren Nutr. 2010;20(5):309-313. PubMed
  20. Hollis, J. H., Houchins, J. A., Blumberg, J. B., and Mattes, R. D. Effects of concord grape juice on appetite, diet, body weight, lipid profile, and antioxidant status of adults. J Am Coll.Nutr. 2009;28(5):574-582. PubMed
  21. Dohadwala, M. M., Hamburg, N. M., Holbrook, M., Kim, B. H., Duess, M. A., Levit, A., Titas, M., Chung, W. B., Vincent, F. B., Caiano, T. L., Frame, A. A., Keaney, J. F., Jr., and Vita, J. A. Effects of Concord grape juice on ambulatory blood pressure in
  22. Rabe, E., Stucker, M., Esperester, A., Schafer, E., and Ottillinger, B. Efficacy and tolerability of a red-vine-leaf extract in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency--results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Eur.J Vasc.Endovasc. PubMed
  23. Trotta, M., Cesaretti, M., Conzi, R., Derchi, L. E., and Borgonovo, G. Elderly male with mesogastric pain. Small bowel obstruction caused by an intact fresh grape. Ann.Emerg.Med 2011;58(4):e1-e2. PubMed
  24. McCurdy, S. A., Wiggins, P., Schenker, M. B., Munn, S., Shaieb, A. M., Weinbaum, Z., Goldsmith, D., McGillis, S. T., Berman, B., and Samuels, S. Assessing dermatitis in epidemiologic studies: occupational skin disease among California grape and tomato ha
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Rutin 2 references
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Butcher's Broom 8 references
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Horse Chestnut 21 references
  1. Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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