Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Zazzee

Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Herbal Supplement
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Jul 15, 2026 · Label data verified by our pharmacy team
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract is a dietary supplement by Zazzee with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for high blood pressure, exercise and athletic performance, heart and circulation support.Based on those ingredients, 1,142 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Black Pepper fruit extract, Beet. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract by Zazzee

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract by Zazzee — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract by Zazzee

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 15, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 2 of its 2 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product contains 2 active ingredients: a concentrated beet extract (20:1 means it's made from 20 parts fresh beet to make 1 part extract) and black pepper fruit extract. Beet supplies the compound betanin along with nitrates, which are the main active compounds studied.

Black pepper contributes piperine, its key active ingredient. The capsule also contains inactive ingredients—pullulan (a capsule material), rice bran, and an organic rice extract blend—which are fillers and binders.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: nitric oxide support and circulatory health.
  • We looked for evidence on: Hypertension, Coronary heart disease (CHD), Dyslipidemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Pulmonary hypertension, Raynaud syndrome — and 4 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Beet is rated "Possibly Effective" for Exercise-induced muscle soreness.
  • Also on file: Beet is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Coronary heart disease (CHD), Dyslipidemia, Pregnancy-induced hypertension, Hypertriglyceridemia, and more.

Beet extract shows promise for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness, where it's rated Possibly Effective—meaning there's some supportive evidence, though more research would help confirm it. For chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it's rated Possibly Ineffective.

The evidence isn't established for dyslipidemia (abnormal cholesterol and triglycerides) or cognitive function—we hold insufficient reliable evidence to rate either one. Black pepper extract's effectiveness for allergic rhinitis (hay fever), asthma, athletic performance, headache, depression, and diarrhea is also not established in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Beet Black Pepper

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Beet is widely eaten as a food and generally well tolerated by most adults, but concentrated supplements like this one lack robust safety data, so use caution and talk it over with your doctor or pharmacist. Short-term use appears well tolerated, though you may notice red stools or urine—this is harmless and caused by beet pigments.

In rare cases with large amounts, hypocalcemia (low blood calcium) and kidney damage have been reported. Black pepper as a food spice is generally safe, but concentrated piperine supplements should be approached cautiously.

The most common side effects are a burning aftertaste, indigestion (dyspepsia), and reduced taste perception. Allergic reactions are rare but possible in sensitive individuals.

For pregnancy, black pepper is rated Likely Safe, though the facts show conflicting data on pregnancy safety and do not provide specific guidance for beet in pregnancy or lactation—talk with your doctor or pharmacist about your individual situation.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Beet Black Pepper

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Beet, Black Pepper.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,143 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take any of these: propranolol, nevirapine, rifampin, phenytoin, cyclosporine, pentobarbital, atorvastatin, or theophylline (all Moderate concerns from black pepper). Also review any CYP3A4 substrates—a large group that includes many blood pressure drugs and statins (Moderate from beet).

If you take CYP1A2 substrates or medications for blood pressure, mention those too. The search tool on this page will let you check your specific drugs.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you're thinking about using this for athletic performance or muscle recovery, beet extract has some evidence behind it—but the black pepper added here brings real medication interactions you need to check first. This isn't a simple one to pair with most common drugs; you'll want to verify your exact medications with your doctor or pharmacist before you start.

If you take heart drugs, anti-seizure medications, HIV treatments, TB drugs, immunosuppressants, or certain other prescriptions, definitely have that conversation first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 2 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 15, 2026.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract, straight from the product label.

Brand Zazzee
Barcode (UPC) 00850006037087
Net contents 120 Vegan Capsules
Market status On market
Added to our catalog Jul 15, 2026
Product type Herbal Supplement
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses Nitric oxide support, Supports healthy energy levels, Supports the circulatory system, Antioxidant activity, Black pepper extract for enhanced absorption
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract by Zazzee, compiled by our pharmacy team from the manufacturer's label.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
N/A
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Vegan Capsule
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Vegan Capsule
Servings per container
120
UPC/BARCODE
00850006037087
IngredientAmount% DV
Beet400 mg--
Black Pepper fruit extract5 mg--

Other ingredients: Pullulan, Rice Bran, Organic Rice Extract Blend

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested Use

Take 1 capsule, 1 to 2 times daily, preferably with food, or as directed by a healthcare practitioner.

Warnings

For adults only. Consult physician if pregnant or nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition. Do not exceed recommended dose. Discontinue use and consult your physician if any adverse reactions occur. Keep out of reach of children.

Storage

Natural color variation may occur in this product. Store in a cool, dry place after opening. Do not eat freshness packet. Keep in bottle. Please recycle.

Marketing

Nitric Oxide Support*

Supports Healthy Energy Levels*

5 mg Black Pepper to Support Absorption*

Zazzee Organic Beet Root is a potent herbal supplement commonly used to support the circulatory system by promoting nitric oxide production and antioxidant activity.*

Other

Allergen Information: Not manufactured with wheat, corn, gluten, soy, milk, egg, fish, shellfish or tree nut ingredients. Produced in a GMP facility that processes other ingredients containing these allergens.

Statements regarding dietary supplements have not been evaluated by the FDA and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or health condition.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract by Zazzee label

The product's label imagery, on file with our pharmacy team. Tap to enlarge.

Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract label

Label images reflect the product version on file with our pharmacy team. Always read your actual product label.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract by Zazzee

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Vegan Capsule Dosage formCapsule Servings per container120 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Beet

Interacts with
861 drugs
400 mg per serving Form: Organic 20:1 Extract (Root)

Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some peopl...

Beet monograph & interactions

Black Pepper fruit extract

Interacts with
1,019 drugs
5 mg per serving Form: Organic 4:1 Extract

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to he...

Black Pepper fruit extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Pullulan, Rice Bran, Organic Rice Extract Blend. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract by Zazzee Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,142Drugs
976 Moderate 166 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Black Pepper fruit extract 1,019
Beet 861

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract interact with 1,142 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 2 ingredients in Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Black Pepper fruit extract Beet

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Black Pepper fruit extract17 drug types · 1,019 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit platelet aggregation. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of atorvastatin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, 35 mg/kg can increase the maximum serum concentration of atorvastatin three-fold. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of cyclosporine.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the bioavailability of cyclosporine. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research suggests that some constituents of black pepper inhibit CYP2D6. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research and pharmacokinetic simulation data suggest that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, as well as the pepper fruit seem to inhibit CYP3A4. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of lithium due to its diuretic effects. The dose of lithium might need to be reduced.
Black pepper is thought to have diuretic properties.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Nevirapine (Viramune)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of nevirapine.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the plasma concentration of nevirapine. However, no adverse effects were observed in this study.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit P-glycoprotein.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of phenytoin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption, slow elimination, and increase levels of phenytoin. Taking a single dose of black pepper 1 gram along with phenytoin seems to double the serum concentration of phenytoin. Consuming a soup with black pepper providing piperine 44 mg/200 mL of soup along with phenytoin also seems to increase phenytoin levels when compared with consuming the same soup without black pepper.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Propranolol (Inderal)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of propranolol.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of propranolol.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of rifampin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and serum levels of rifampin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Theophylline

Black pepper might increase blood levels of theophylline.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of theophylline.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of amoxicillin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, with amoxicillin increases plasma levels of amoxicillin. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of carbamazepine, potentially increasing the effects and side effects of carbamazepine.
One clinical study in patients taking carbamazepine 300 mg or 500 mg twice daily shows that taking a single 20 mg dose of purified piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases carbamazepine levels. Piperine may increase carbamazepine absorption by increasing blood flow to the GI tract, increasing the surface area of the small intestine, or inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the gut wall. Absorption was significantly increased by 7-10 mcg/mL/hour. The time to eliminate carbamazepine was also increased by 4-8 hours. Although carbamazepine levels were increased, this did not appear to increase side effects. In vitro research also shows that piperine can increase carbamazepine levels by 11% in a time-dependent manner.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research suggests that black pepper induces CYP1A2. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Black Pepper fruit extract full monograph & interactions

Beet3 drug types · 861 drugs

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that betanin, the major pigment in beet, competitively inhibits CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner similarly to strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Beet and beetroot contain nitrates, which can cause vasodilation, potentially leading to lower blood pressure. However, a study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition using concentrated beetroot juice found no significant impact on blood pressure or heart rate in different age groups. Other small clinical studies suggest that while beet consumption might transiently lower blood pressure due to vessel dilation, there's no consistent evidence of a lasting effect. Overall, the theoretical risk of reduced blood pressure due to beet's nitrate content exists, but studies generally indicate a low and temporary impact rather than a sustained decrease.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, beet might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that beet induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Beet full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract, from the product label.

Zazzee

See all Zazzee products
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract by Zazzee: Common Questions

Does Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract by Zazzee interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract has a known interaction with 1,142 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data was compiled by the HelloPharmacist pharmacy team from the manufacturer's product label; the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this turn my poop red?
Yes, it can—beet supplements commonly cause red or even black stools. This is harmless and caused by the beet pigments passing through. It's not bleeding or a sign of anything wrong.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or nursing?
The safety data for this concentrated beet extract in pregnancy isn't on file, and black pepper has conflicting information in our data. You'll want to talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether it's right for you and your situation.
Does black pepper in this product make it more effective?
Black pepper is included as piperine, which may help your body absorb the beet compounds—but we don't have effectiveness ratings for black pepper itself on the conditions beet is studied for. The real concern is that it can raise blood levels of many medications.
What is the beet extract supposed to do?
The beet extract in this product has some evidence supporting its use for athletic performance and exercise-induced muscle soreness, where it's rated Possibly Effective. For other uses like cholesterol or brain function, we don't have enough reliable evidence to say whether it works.
Is this safe to take long-term?
Beet as a food is fine to eat regularly, but this is a concentrated supplement and we don't have long-term safety data for it. Short-term use appears well tolerated, but talk with your doctor about how long you plan to use it and whether it's right for you.
Can I take this with my blood pressure medication?
It depends on which one—beet contains compounds that can lower blood pressure, and black pepper can raise levels of certain blood pressure drugs like propranolol. Check your exact medication with the search tool or ask your pharmacist before you start.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Beet

Interacts with 861 drugs

Beet, especially beetroot juice, is a nitrate-rich food that may modestly lower blood pressure and slightly improve exercise performance in some people. It is generally safe as a food, but s...

Read the full Beet monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Black Pepper

Interacts with 1,019 drugs

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to help the body absorb other ingredients (li...

Read the full Black Pepper monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Zazzee USDA Organic Beet Root 20:1 Extract's label data was compiled by the HelloPharmacist pharmacy team from the manufacturer's product label; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 43 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Beet 14 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Clifford T, Berntzen B, Davison GW, et al. Effects of beetroot juice on recovery of muscle function and performance between bouts of repeated sprint exercise. Nutrients 2016;8. pii: E506. PubMed
  3. Siervo M, Lara J, Ogbonmwan I, Mathers JC. Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr 2013;143:818-26. PubMed
  4. Clifford T, Howatson G, West DJ, Stevenson EJ. Beetroot juice is more beneficial than sodium nitrate for attenuating muscle pain after strenuous eccentric-bias exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2017;42(11):1185-1191. PubMed
  5. Clifford T, Bell O, West DJ, Howatson G, Stevenson EJ. The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on indices of muscle damage following eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016;116(2):353-62. PubMed
  6. Wylie LJ, Kelly J, Bailey SJ, et al. Beetroot juice and exercise: pharmacodynamic and dose-response relationships. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013;115(3):325-36. PubMed
  7. Garnacho-Castaño MV, Palau-Salvà G, Cuenca E, et al. Effects of a single dose of beetroot juice on cycling time trial performance at ventilatory thresholds intensity in male triathletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15(1):49. PubMed
  8. Rasica L, Porcelli S, Marzorati M, et al. Ergogenic effects of beetroot juice supplementation during severe-intensity exercise in obese adolescents. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2018;315(3):R453-R460. PubMed
  9. Henrohn D, Björkstrand K, Lundberg JO, et al. Effects of oral supplementation with nitrate-rich beetroot juice in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension-results from BEET-PAH, an exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crosso
  10. Serra-Payá N, Garnacho-Castaño MV, Sánchez-Nuño S, et al. The relationship between resistance exercise performance and ventilatory efficiency after beetroot juice intake in well-trained athletes. Nutrients 2021;13(4):1094. PubMed
  11. Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
  12. Hemmatinafar M, Zaremoayedi L, Koushkie Jahromi M, et al. Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players. Nutrients 2023;15(17):3763. PubMed
  13. Lim SH, Bae S, Lee HS, Han HK, Choi CI. Effect of Betanin, the Major Pigment of Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), on the Activity of Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023;16(9):1224. PubMed
  14. Oscherwitz M, Tamayo RM, Heudebert A, Centor R. A Case of Pseudo-Hematochezia from Beet Supplement Ingestion. Am J Med 2023;136(9):e177-e178. PubMed

See these in context on the Beet monograph →

Black Pepper 29 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  3. Bano G, Amla V, Raina RK, et al. The effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy volunteers. Planta Med 1987;53:568-9. PubMed
  4. Bano G, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;41;615-7. PubMed
  5. Cohle SD, Trestrail JD III, Graham MA, et al. Fatal pepper aspiration. Am J Dis Child 1988;142:633-6. PubMed
  6. Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, et al. Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:645-50. PubMed
  7. Velpandian T, Jasuja R, Bhardwaj RK, et al. Piperine in food: interference in the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2001;26:241-7. PubMed
  8. Pattanaik S, Hota D, Prabhakar S, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction of a single dose of piperine with steady-state carbamazepine in epilepsy patients. Phytother Res 2009;23:1281-6.
  9. Munakata, M., Kobayashi, K., Niisato-Nezu, J., Tanaka, S., Kakisaka, Y., Ebihara, T., Ebihara, S., Haginoya, K., Tsuchiya, S., and Onuma, A. Olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil facilitates oral feeding in pediatric patients receiving long-term en
  10. Myers, B. M., Smith, J. L., and Graham, D. Y. Effect of red pepper and black pepper on the stomach. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82(3):211-214.
  11. Raghavendra, R. H. and Naidu, K. A. Spice active principles as the inhibitors of human platelet aggregation and thromboxane biosynthesis. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2009;81(1):73-78. PubMed
  12. Subehan, Usia, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by alkamides of Piper nigrum. Planta Med 2006;72(6):527-532.
  13. Kasibhatta, R. and Naidu, M. U. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of nevirapine under fasting conditions: a randomised, crossover, placebo-controlled study. Drugs R.D. 2007;8(6):383-391. PubMed
  14. Usia, T., Iwata, H., Hiratsuka, A., Watabe, T., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 inhibitory activities of Indonesian medicinal plants. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(1-2):67-73. PubMed
  15. Mujumdar, A. M., Dhuley, J. N., Deshmukh, V. K., Raman, P. H., Thorat, S. L., and Naik, S. R. Effect of piperine on pentobarbitone induced hypnosis in rats. Indian J Exp.Biol. 1990;28(5):486-487.
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See these in context on the Black Pepper monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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