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HEPARIN SODIUM IN SODIUM CHLORIDE 200 [USP'U]/100mL Injection, Solution
🆔 Identity & classification
Where does this data come from?
🏷️ RxNorm drug class
This medicine belongs to the Unfractionated Heparin class.
Where does this data come from?
🏭 Manufacturer & labeler
Where does this data come from?
🩺 Clinical
Heparin is used to: prevent blood clots from forming in people who have certain medical conditions or who are undergoing certain medical procedures. stop the growth of clots that have already formed in the blood vessels. prevent blood clots from forming in catheters (small plastic tubes through which medication can be administered or blood drawn). treat certain types of blood disorders. Heparin is in a class of medications called anticoagulants ('blood thinners'). It works by decreasing the clotting ability of the blood.
Read the full MedlinePlus article ↗- Heparin is a powerful blood thinner that stops dangerous clots from forming or getting bigger. Depending on your situation, it might be preventing a clot from traveling to your lun...
- Why do I need heparin — what is it actually doing for me?
- Heparin is always injected — your stomach can't absorb it, so pills aren't an option. In the hospital, it's often given as a continuous drip into a vein (IV infusion) or as an inte...
- How is heparin given — do I have to get it through an IV the whole time?
Patient education
Supplement & herbal interactions
Heparin may be associated with lower levels of 1 nutrient — worth a chat with your pharmacist, not a cause for alarm.
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Ask a licensed pharmacist directly — free, answered by our team.
🧪 Inactive Ingredients / Excipients
Inactive ingredients, also called excipients, are components of the drug product other than the active ingredient. They may include fillers, dyes, coatings, preservatives, flavors, or other formulation ingredients.
💡 Tap an ingredient (hover on desktop) to see what it is and why it’s used.
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40 mg / 100 mL
UNII 2968PHW8QP
A weak organic acid derived from citrus fruits or made through fermentation. It works as a buffer to control pH, a preservative to extend shelf life, and a flavoring agent in medications.
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900 mg / 100 mL
UNII 451W47IQ8X
Sodium chloride is common table salt. It's used in medicines as a buffer to maintain proper pH, as a filler to add bulk, or to adjust the osmotic balance in liquid formulations.
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434 mg / 100 mL
UNII 70WT22SF4B
A mineral salt that acts as a buffer to maintain the pH balance of the medication. It helps stabilize the drug's potency and prevents unwanted chemical changes during storage.
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UNII 059QF0KO0R
Water is a liquid solvent that dissolves and mixes ingredients together in liquid medicines, syrups, and injections. It helps distribute the active drug evenly throughout the product.
4 inactive ingredients listed in the exact product block matched to this NDC.
Where does this data come from?
ingredient classCode="IACT" elements from the exact product block matched by this NDC. Label-section narrative from DailyMed / the openFDA label index is shown separately when available.Inactive ingredient FAQ
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💲 Pricing
A drug doesn't have one price. Each row is a different public payment system, and none is what you'd pay at the counter — that depends on your insurance. The ⓘ on each row explains what it measures.
| Price system | Per mL | Per package |
|---|---|---|
| Retail pharmacies payNADAC · weekly | Not in the retail survey — common for institutional, discontinued, or low-volume packs. | |
| Medicaid paysCMS SDUD · 12 mo | $0.0219 | $262.80 / 12000 ml |
| Medicare drug plans payPart D · quarterly | No Part D plan price is available for this NDC in our data. | |
| Medicare Part B allowsASP · J1644 | $0.199 / J1644 unit | — |
Where does this data come from?
🧾 Billing & reimbursement
Where does this data come from?
🔁 Therapeutic equivalents
| Product | Labeler | Pack | NADAC/unit | TE | Status | Price vs. this |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride 200 [USP'U]/100mL 00264-9872-10 | B. | 500 ml | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Heparin Sodium In Sodium Chloride 200 [USP'U]/100mL 00338-0428-12 | Baxter | 1000 ml | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Heparin Sodium In Sodium Chloride 200 [USP'U]/100mLthis 00338-0433-04 | Baxter | 1000 ml | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Heparin Sodium 200 [USP'U]/100mL 00409-2222-12 | Hospira, | 12 pouches | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Heparin Sodium 200 [USP'U]/100mL 63323-0519-10 | Fresenius | 1000 ml | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Heparin Sodium In Sodium Chloride 200 [USP'U]/100mL 00338-0431-03 | Baxter | 500 ml | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Heparin Sodium 200 [USP'U]/100mL 00409-1005-20 | Hospira, | 20 pouches | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
| Heparin Sodium In Sodium Chloride 200 [USP'U]/100mL 00338-0424-18 | Baxter | 500 ml | — | AP | FDA listed | — |
Where does this data come from?
⏳ Availability & generic status
The FDA lists approved generic versions of this medicine, but that does not always mean a pharmacy can get one today. Patent rules, launch agreements, supply and pricing can affect when generics actually arrive.
Where does this data come from?
🗺️ Medicaid utilization & spend
📦 Packaging — all sizes for this product
| Package NDC | Description | Marketing start | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 00338-0433-04 You're viewing this | 12 BAG in 1 CARTON (0338-0433-04) / 1000 mL in 1 BAG | 1982-04-28 | Active |
🧭 About this NDC listing & data coverage
What data is (and isn’t) available for this NDC — tap to expand
| NDC identity (package / product / labeler codes) | ✓ Available |
| Labeler | ✓ Available |
| Product & package description | ✓ Available |
| Marketing category & status | ✓ Available |
| Active ingredient / dosage form / route | ✓ Available |
| FDA label (SPL via DailyMed) | ✓ Available |
| Package photos | ✓ Available |
| Inactive ingredients (structured) | ✓ Available |
| NADAC pharmacy acquisition price (CMS) | — Not published for this NDC CMS publishes NADAC only for NDCs reported in its retail-pharmacy survey. |
| Orange Book / therapeutic-equivalence data | ✓ Available |
| HCPCS J-code billing crosswalk | ✓ Available |
| Medicaid utilization (CMS SDUD) | ✓ Available |
Questions about this listing
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📄 Full prescribing information FDA SPL
🎯 Indications and Usage ▾
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection at a concentration of 2 units/mL is indicated as an anticoagulant to maintain catheter patency. Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection at a concentration of 2 units/mL is indicated as an anticoagulant to maintain catheter patency. ( 1 )
⏱️ Dosage and Administration ▾
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Infuse through intravenous catheter at a rate of 6 units per hour. ( 2.2 )
2.1Preparation for Administration Do not administer unless solution is clear, and seal is intact. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. Do not infuse this product under pressure .
To Open: Tear overwrap down side at slit and remove solution container. Visually inspect the container. If the outlet port protector is damaged, detached, or not present, discard container as solution path sterility may be impaired.
Some opacity of the plastic due to moisture absorption during the sterilization process may be observed. This is normal and does not affect the solution quality or safety. The opacity will diminish gradually.
Check for minute leaks by squeezing inner bag firmly. If leaks are found discard solution as sterility may be impaired. Do not add supplementary medication.
Preparation for Administration: 1. Suspend container from eyelet support. 2.
Remove plastic protector from outlet port at bottom of container. 3. Attach administration set.
Refer to complete directions accompanying set. All injections in VIAFLEX PLUS plastic containers are intended for administration using sterile equipment. Single-dose container.
Discard any unused portion. Do not reconnect partially used bags. Because dosages of this drug are titrated to response, no additives should be made to Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection.
Heparin sodium is not effective by oral administration and Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection should not be given orally.
2.2Maintenance of Catheter Patency The recommended starting dose is 6 units per hour by intravenous infusion through an intravenous catheter to maintain catheter patency.
💊 Dosage Forms and Strengths ▾
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS • Injection: 1,000 USP units per 500 mL (2 units per mL) clear solution in a single-dose infusion bag • Injection: 2,000 USP units per 1,000 mL (2 units per mL) clear solution in a single-dose infusion bag • Injection: 1,000 USP units in Sodium Chloride in 500 mL single-dose infusion bag (2 USP units per mL) ( 3 ) • Injection: 2,000 USP units in Sodium Chloride per 1,000 mL single-dose infusion bag (2 USP units per mL) ( 3)
⛔ Contraindications ▾
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS The use of Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection is contraindicated in patients with the following conditions: • Uncontrollable active bleeding state, except when this is due to disseminated intravascular coagulation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] • History of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] • Severe thrombocytopenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2 , 5.3) ] • Known hypersensitivity to heparin or pork products (e.g., anaphylactoid reactions) [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection is contraindicated in patients with the following conditions: ( 4 ) • With an uncontrollable active bleeding state, except when this is due to disseminated intravascular coagulation ( 5.1 ) • With a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT) ( 5.2 ) • With severe thrombocytopenia ( 5.2 , 5.3 ) • Known hypersensitivity to heparin or pork products ( 5.5 )
⚠️ Warnings and Cautions ▾
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS • Hemorrhage : Fatal cases have occurred. Monitor for signs of bleeding and manage promptly. ( 5.1 ) • HIT and HITT : Monitor for signs and symptoms and discontinue if indicative of HIT or HITT.
( 5.2 ) • Hyperkalemia: Measure plasma potassium in patients at risk of hyperkalemia before starting heparin therapy and periodically in all patients. ( 5.6 ) • Elevations of serum aminotransferases: Interpret elevation of these enzymes with caution. ( 5.7 )
5.1Hemorrhage Avoid using heparin in the presence of major bleeding, except when the benefits of heparin therapy outweigh the potential risks. Hemorrhage can occur at virtually any site in patients receiving heparin. Fatal hemorrhages have occurred.
A higher incidence of bleeding has been reported in patients, particularly women, over 60 years of age [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5)]. An unexplained fall in hematocrit, fall in blood pressure, or any other unexplained symptom should lead to serious consideration of hemorrhagic event. Use heparin sodium with caution in disease states in which there is increased risk of hemorrhage, including: • Cardiovascular - Subacute bacterial endocarditis, severe hypertension. • Surgical - During and immediately following (a) spinal tap or spinal anesthesia or (b) major surgery, especially involving the brain, spinal cord, or eye. • Hematologic - Conditions associated with increased bleeding tendencies, such as hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, and some vascular purpuras. • Gastrointestinal - Ulcerative lesions and continuous tube drainage of the stomach or small intestine. • Patients with hereditary antithrombin III deficiency receiving concurrent antithrombin III therapy – The anticoagulant effect of heparin is enhanced by concurrent treatment with antithrombin III (human) in patients with hereditary antithrombin III deficiency.
To reduce the risk of bleeding, reduce the heparin dose during concomitant treatment with antithrombin III (human). • Other - Menstruation, liver disease with impaired hemostasis.
5.2Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia with Thrombosis Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious immune-mediated reaction. HIT occurs in patients treated with heparin and is due to the development of antibodies to a platelet Factor 4-heparin complex that induce in vivo platelet aggregation. HIT may progress to the development of venous and arterial thromboses, a condition referred to as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT).
Thrombotic events may also be the initial presentation for HITT. These serious thromboembolic events include deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cerebral vein thrombosis, limb ischemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, mesenteric thrombosis, renal arterial thrombosis, skin necrosis, gangrene of the extremities that may lead to amputation, and possibly death. Once HIT or HITT is diagnosed or strongly suspected, discontinue all heparin sources (including heparin flushes) and use an alternative anticoagulant.
Immune-mediated HIT is diagnosed based on clinical findings supplemented by laboratory tests confirming the presence of antibodies to heparin, or platelet activation induced by heparin. Obtain platelet counts at baseline and periodically during heparin administration. A drop in platelet count greater than 50% from baseline is considered indicative of HIT.
Platelet counts begin to fall 5 to 10 days after exposure to heparin in heparin–naive individuals and reach a threshold by days 7 to 14. In contrast, “rapid onset” HIT can occur very quickly (within 24 hours following heparin initiation), especially in patients with a recent exposure to heparin (i.e., previous 3 months). Thrombosis development shortly after documenting thrombocytopenia is a characteristic finding in almost half of all patients with HIT.
Monitor any degree of thrombocytopenia closely. If the platelet count falls below 100,000/mm3 or if recurrent thrombosis dev…
🤒 Adverse Reactions ▾
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling: • Hemorrhage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] • Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia with Thrombosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] • Thrombocytopenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] • Heparin Resistance [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] • Hypersensitivity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] • Hyperkalemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] • Elevations of Serum Aminotransferases [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Most common adverse reactions are: hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, HIT and HITT, hypersensitivity, and elevations of aminotransferase levels.
( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Baxter Healthcare at 1-866-888-2472 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
6.1Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of heparin sodium. Because the reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency. Hemorrhage Hemorrhage is the chief complication that may result from heparin therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].
An overly prolonged clotting time or minor bleeding during therapy can usually be controlled by withdrawing the drug [see Overdosage (10) ]. Gastrointestinal or urinary tract bleeding during anticoagulant therapy may indicate the presence of an underlying occult lesion. Bleeding can occur at any site but certain specific hemorrhagic complications may be difficult to detect: • Adrenal hemorrhage, with resultant acute adrenal insufficiency, has occurred during anticoagulant therapy, including fatal cases. • Ovarian (corpus luteum) hemorrhage developed in a number of women of reproductive age receiving short or long-term anticoagulant therapy. • Retroperitoneal hemorrhage Vascular Disorders : Contusion, Vasospastic reactions (including episodes of painful, ischemic, and cyanosed limbs).
HIT and HITT, including delayed onset cases, Thrombocytopenia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2 , 5.3) ]. Histamine-like reactions: Such reactions have been observed at the site of injections. Necrosis of the skin has been reported at the site of subcutaneous injection of heparin, occasionally requiring skin grafting.
Hypersensitivity : General hypersensitivity reactions have been reported, with chills, fever, and urticaria as the most usual manifestations, and asthma, rhinitis, lacrimation, headache, nausea and vomiting, and anaphylactoid reactions, including shock, occurring more rarely. Itching and burning, especially on the plantar site of the feet, may occur [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. Musculoskeletal, Connective Tissue and Bone Disorders: Osteoporosis with long-term administration of heparin.
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders : Hyperkalemia. General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: Erythema, mild pain, ulceration. Elevations of serum aminotransferases : Significant elevations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels have occurred patients who have received heparin.
Others: Cutaneous necrosis after systemic administration, delayed transient alopecia, priapism, and rebound hyperlipemia on discontinuation of heparin sodium have also been reported.
🔄 Drug Interactions ▾
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Drugs that interfere with platelet aggregation or drugs that counteract coagulation may induce bleeding ( 7.2 )
7.1Oral Anticoagulants Heparin sodium may prolong the one-stage prothrombin time. Therefore, when heparin sodium is given with dicumarol or warfarin sodium, a period of at least 5 hours after the last intravenous dose or 24 hours after the last subcutaneous dose should elapse before blood is drawn if a valid prothrombin time is to be obtained.
7.2Platelet Inhibitors Drugs such as NSAIDS (including acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and celecoxib), dextran, phenylbutazone, thienopyridines, dipyridamole, hydroxychloroquine, glycoprotein IIv/IIa antagonists (including abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban), and others that interfere with platelet-aggregation reactions (the main hemostatic defense of heparinized patients) may induce bleeding and should be used with caution in patients receiving heparin sodium. To reduce the risk of bleeding, a reduction in the dose of antiplatelet agent or heparin is recommended.
7.3Other Medications that May Interfere with Heparin Digitalis, tetracyclines, nicotine or antihistamines may partially counteract the anticoagulant action of heparin sodium. Intravenous nitroglycerin administered to heparinized patients may result in a decrease of the partial thromboplastin time with subsequent rebound effect upon discontinuation of nitroglycerin. Careful monitoring of partial thromboplastin time and adjustment of heparin dosage are recommended during coadministration of heparin and intravenous nitroglycerin.
Antithrombin III (human) – The anticoagulant effect of heparin is enhanced by concurrent treatment with antithrombin III (human) in patients with hereditary antithrombin III deficiency. To reduce the risk of bleeding, a reduced dosage of heparin is recommended during treatment with antithrombin III (human).
👥 Use in Specific Populations ▾
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Geriatric Use : A higher incidence of bleeding has been reported in patients over 60 years of age, especially women ( 5.7 , 8.5 )
8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no available data on Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage. In published reports heparin exposure during pregnancy did not show evidence of an increased risk of adverse maternal or fetal outcomes in humans (see Data) . Consider the benefits and risks of Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection for the mother and possible risks to the fetus when prescribing Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection to a pregnant woman.
The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. However, the background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is 2 to 4% and of miscarriage is 15 to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.
Data Human Data The maternal and fetal outcomes associated with uses of heparin via various dosing methods and administration routes during pregnancy have been investigated in numerous studies. These studies generally reported normal deliveries with no maternal or fetal bleeding and no other complications. Animal Data In a published study conducted in rats and rabbits, pregnant animals received heparin intravenously during organogenesis at a dose of 10,000 units/kg/day, more than 50 times the maximum human daily dose based on body weight.
The number of early resorptions increased in both species. There was no evidence of teratogenic effects.
8.2Lactation Risk Summary There is no information regarding the presence of heparin in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production. Due to its large molecular weight, heparin is not likely to be excreted in human milk. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for heparin and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from heparin or from the underlying maternal condition.
8.4Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
8.5Geriatric Use A higher incidence of bleeding has been reported in patients over 60 years of age, especially women [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Clinical studies indicate that lower doses of heparin may be indicated in these patients [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ].
🤰 Pregnancy ▾
8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no available data on Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk of major birth defects and miscarriage. In published reports heparin exposure during pregnancy did not show evidence of an increased risk of adverse maternal or fetal outcomes in humans (see Data) . Consider the benefits and risks of Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection for the mother and possible risks to the fetus when prescribing Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection to a pregnant woman.
The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. However, the background risk in the U.S. general population of major birth defects is 2 to 4% and of miscarriage is 15 to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.
Data Human Data The maternal and fetal outcomes associated with uses of heparin via various dosing methods and administration routes during pregnancy have been investigated in numerous studies. These studies generally reported normal deliveries with no maternal or fetal bleeding and no other complications. Animal Data In a published study conducted in rats and rabbits, pregnant animals received heparin intravenously during organogenesis at a dose of 10,000 units/kg/day, more than 50 times the maximum human daily dose based on body weight.
The number of early resorptions increased in both species. There was no evidence of teratogenic effects.
🧒 Pediatric Use ▾
8.4Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
🧓 Geriatric Use ▾
8.5Geriatric Use A higher incidence of bleeding has been reported in patients over 60 years of age, especially women [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Clinical studies indicate that lower doses of heparin may be indicated in these patients [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ].
🆘 Overdosage ▾
10 OVERDOSAGE An overdose requires immediate medical attention and treatment. Bleeding is the chief sign of heparin overdosage. Easy bruising, petechial formations, nosebleeds, blood in urine or tarry stools may be the first signs or symptoms of a heparin overdose.
In the event of symptomatic heparin overdose, consider stopping heparin infusion. Neutralization of heparin effect: When clinical circumstances (bleeding) require reversal of heparinization, protamine sulfate (1% solution) by slow infusion will neutralize heparin sodium. No more than 50 mg should be administered, very slowly in any 10-minute period.
Each mg of protamine sulfate neutralizes approximately 100 USP heparin units. The amount of protamine required decreases over time as heparin is metabolized. Although the metabolism of heparin is complex, it may, for the purpose of choosing a protamine dose, be assumed to have a half-life of about 30 minutes after intravenous injection.
Ideally, the dose required to neutralize the action of heparin should be guided by blood coagulation tests or calculated from a protamine neutralization test. Because fatal reactions often resembling anaphylaxis have been reported with protamine, it should be given only when resuscitation techniques and treatment of anaphylactoid shock are readily available. For additional information consult the labeling of Protamine Sulfate Injection.
Blood or plasma transfusions may be necessary; these dilute but do not neutralize heparin.
🧬 Clinical Pharmacology ▾
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1Mechanism of Action Heparin interacts with the naturally occurring plasma protein, Antithrombin III, to induce a conformational change, which markedly enhances the serine protease activity of Antithrombin III, thereby inhibiting the activated coagulation factors involved in the closing sequence, particularly Xa and IIa. Small amounts of heparin inhibit Factor Xa, and larger amounts inhibit thrombin (Factor IIa). Heparin also prevents the formation of a stable fibrin clot by inhibiting the activation of the fibrin stabilizing factor.
Heparin does not have fibrinolytic activity; therefore, it will not lyse existing clots.
12.2Pharmacodynamics Various times (activated clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, whole blood clotting time) are prolonged by full therapeutic doses of heparin; in most cases, they are not measurably affected by low doses of heparin. Bleeding time is usually unaffected by heparin.
12.3Pharmacokinetics Absorption Heparin is not absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and therefore administered via parenteral route. Peak plasma concentration and the onset of action are achieved immediately after intravenous administration. Distribution Heparin is highly bound to antithrombin, fibrinogens, globulins, serum proteases and lipoproteins. The volume of distribution is
0.07L/kg. Elimination Metabolism Heparin does not undergo enzymatic degradation. Excretion Heparin is mainly cleared from the circulation by liver and reticuloendothelial cells mediated uptake into extravascular space.
Heparin undergoes biphasic clearance, a) rapid saturable clearance (zero order process due to binding to proteins, endothelial cells and macrophages) and b) slower first order elimination. Low doses of heparin are cleared mostly by a saturable, rapid, zero-order process. Slower first order elimination usually occurs with very high doses of heparin and is dependent on renal function.
The plasma half-life is dose-dependent, and it ranges from 0.5 to 2 h. Specific Populations Geriatric Patients Patients over 60 years of age, following similar doses of heparin, may have higher plasma levels of heparin and longer activated partial thromboplastin times (APTTs) compared with patients under 60 years of age [see Use in Specific Populations (8.5) ]. Renal and Hepatic Impairment The rate of clearance of unfractionated heparin may be decreased in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.
Patients with renal or hepatic impairment, following similar doses of heparin may have higher plasma levels of heparin compared with patient with normal renal and hepatic function [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].
🧬 Mechanism of Action ▾
12.1Mechanism of Action Heparin interacts with the naturally occurring plasma protein, Antithrombin III, to induce a conformational change, which markedly enhances the serine protease activity of Antithrombin III, thereby inhibiting the activated coagulation factors involved in the closing sequence, particularly Xa and IIa. Small amounts of heparin inhibit Factor Xa, and larger amounts inhibit thrombin (Factor IIa). Heparin also prevents the formation of a stable fibrin clot by inhibiting the activation of the fibrin stabilizing factor.
Heparin does not have fibrinolytic activity; therefore, it will not lyse existing clots.
📦 How Supplied / Storage and Handling ▾
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection in VIAFLEX PLUS plastic container is supplied as follows: Product Description Size Code NDC 1,000 USP Heparin Units in Sodium Chloride Injection 500 mL 2B0953 0338-0431-03 1,000 USP Heparin Units in Sodium Chloride Injection 500 mL AHB0953U 0338-0424-18 2,000 USP Heparin Units in Sodium Chloride Injection 1,000 mL 2B0944 0338-0433-04 2,000 USP Heparin Units in Sodium Chloride Injection 1,000 mL AHB0944U 0338-0428-12 Store at 25°C (77°F).
Brief exposure up to 40°C (104°F) does not adversely affect the product. Avoid excessive heat.
📋 Description ▾
11 DESCRIPTION Heparin is a heterogenous group of straight-chain anionic mucopolysaccharides, called glycosaminoglycans having anticoagulant properties. Although others may be present, the main sugars occurring in heparin are: (1) α-L-iduronic acid 2-sulfate, (2) 2-deoxy-2-sulfamino-α-D-glucose 6-sulfate, (3) β-D-glucuronic acid, (4) 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D- glucose, and (5) α-L-iduronic acid. These sugars are present in decreasing amounts, usually in the order (2) > (1) > (4) > (3) > (5), and are joined by glycosidic linkages, forming polymers of varying sizes.
Heparin is strongly acidic because of its content of covalently linked sulfate and carboxylic acid groups. In heparin sodium, the acidic protons of the sulfate units are partially replaced by sodium ions. Heparin Sodium in Sodium Chloride Injection is a buffered, sterile, nonpyrogenic solution of Heparin Sodium, USP derived from porcine intestinal mucosa, standardized for anticoagulant activity supplied in single dose containers for vascular administration.
It contains no antimicrobial agents. The potency is determined by a biological assay using a USP reference standard based on units of heparin activity per milligram. Composition, osmolarity, pH and ionic concentration are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Composition, Osmolarity, pH, and Ionic Concentration of Heparin in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection Product Description and Size 1,000 USP Heparin Units in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 500 mL 1,000 USP Heparin Units in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 500 mL 2,000 USP Heparin Units in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 1,000 mL 2,000 USP Heparin Units in 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, 1,000 mL NDC# 0338-0431-03 0338-0424-18 0338-0433-04 0338-0428-12 Manufacturing Location Jayuya, PR Toongabbie, AUS Jayuya, PR Toongabbie, AUS Heparin Sodium, USP (units/mL) 2 2 2 2 Sodium Chloride, USP (NaCl) (g/L) 9 9 9 9 Dibasic Sodium Phosphate Heptahydrate, USP (Na 2 HPO 4 *7H 2 O) (g/L) 4.34 ---- 4.34 ---- Dibasic Sodium Phosphate Dodecahydrate, USP (Na 2 HPO 4 *12H 2 O) (g/L) ---- 5.80 ----
5.80Citric Acid Hydrous, USP (C 6 H 8 O 7 *H 2 O) (g/L) 0.4 0.4 0.4
0.4Osmolarity Normal physiologic osmolarity range is approximately 280 to 310 mOsmol/L. Administration of substantially hypertonic solutions (≥ 600 mOsmol/L) may cause vein damage. (mOsmol/L) 322 322 322 322 pH 7.0 (6.0 to 8.0) 7.0 (6.0 to 8.0) 7.0 (6.0 to 8.0) 7.0 (6.0 to 8.0) Sodium (mEq/L) 186 186 186 186 Chloride (mEq/L) 154 154 154 154 Phosphate (as HPO 4 = ) (mEq/L) 32 (16 mmol/L) 32 (16 mmol/L) 32 (16 mmol/L) 32 (16 mmol/L) Citrate (mEq/L) 6 6 6 6 This VIAFLEX PLUS plastic container is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinyl chloride (PL 146 Plastic).
VIAFLEX PLUS on the container indicates the presence of a drug additive in a drug vehicle. The VIAFLEX PLUS plastic container system utilizes the same container as the VIAFLEX plastic container system. The amount of water that can permeate from inside the container into the overwrap is insufficient to affect the solution significantly.
Solutions in contact with the plastic container can leach out certain of its chemical components in very small amounts within the expiration period, e.g ., di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), up to 5 parts per million. However, the safety of the plastic has been confirmed in tests in animals according to USP biological tests for plastic containers as well as by tissue culture toxicity studies. Heparin Sodium Structural Formula
💬 Information for Patients ▾
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Hemorrhage Inform patients that it may take them longer than usual to stop bleeding, that they may bruise and/or bleed more easily when they are treated with heparin, and that they should report any unusual bleeding or bruising to their physician. Hemorrhage can occur at virtually any site in patients receiving heparin. Fatal hemorrhages have occurred [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].
Prior to Surgery Advise patients to inform physicians and dentists that they are receiving heparin before any surgery is scheduled [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Inform patients of the risk of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). HIT may progress to the development of venous and arterial thromboses, a condition known as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT).
HIT and HITT can occur up to several weeks after the discontinuation of heparin therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Hypersensitivity Inform patients that generalized hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. Necrosis of the skin has been reported at the site of subcutaneous injection of heparin [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) , Adverse Reactions (6.1) ].
Other Medications Because of the risk of hemorrhage, advise patients to inform their physicians and dentists of all medications they are taking, including non-prescription medications, and before starting any new medication [see Drug Interactions (7.3) ].