Medications That May Deplete VITAMIN D
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and supports bone, muscle, and immune health. See which medications carry a reported association, how strong the evidence is, and what to discuss with your pharmacist.
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and supports bone, muscle, and immune health.
Common food sources: Fatty fish (salmon, mackerel); Fortified milk and cereals; Egg yolks; Sunlight exposure (the main natural source).
A 25-hydroxyvitamin D blood test is the standard way to assess status — ask whether it is appropriate if you take an associated medication long-term, have limited sun exposure, or have bone concerns.
Caution: Vitamin D is fat-soluble and can accumulate — very high doses over time can cause harm, so follow a clinician-guided plan.
HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education. The medication records below are licensed clinical data, shown as published.
Deep dive: Vitamin D — uses, safety & drug interactions
Medications associated with VITAMIN D depletion
Each record is shown as published in our licensed clinical database. Open a medication for its full nutrient report.
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Ardeparin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Normiflo
Reduced bone density has been reported with LMWHs, but probably to a lesser extent than with unfractionated heparin. The effect is primarily due to direct effects of heparins on bone (increased resorption and reduced bone formation), but metabolism of vitamin D to its active form is also reduced. Although it's not clear whether vitamin D and calcium supplements prevent bone loss associated with LMWH, people needing therapy with LMWH for several months should maintain their recommended daily intakes of vitamin D and calcium, using supplements if necessary. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Ardeparin is a low molecular weight heparin, and there is some evidence that heparins like this one can slightly interfere with how your body converts vitamin D into its active, usable form, and may also have a small direct effect on bone. That said, the evidence here is rated insignificant, meaning this is not something most people taking ardeparin need to worry about. If you happen to be on a heparin therapy for several months, just try to get your recommended daily amounts of vitamin D and calcium through food or supplements as a sensible precaution. Check in with your pharmacist or doctor if you have any questions about whether your current intake is enough.
References (6)
- Martineau P, Tawil N. Low-molecular-weight heparins in the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:588-98,601. PubMed
- Monreal M, Olive A, Lafoz E, del Rio L. Heparins, coumarin and bone density (letter). Lancet 1991;338:706. PubMed
- Pettila V, Leinonen P, Markkola A, et al. Postpartum bone mineral density in women treated for thromboprophylaxis with unfractionated heparin or LMW heparin. Thromb Haemost 2002;87:182-6. DOI
- Sivakumaran M, Ghosh K, Zaidi Y, Hutchinson RM. Osteoporosis and vertebral collapse following low-dose, low molecular weight heparin therapy in a young patient. Clin Lab Haematol 1996;18:55-7. PubMed
- Tannirandorn P, Epstein S. Drug-induced bone loss. Osteoporos Int 2000;11:637-59. PubMed
- Aarskog D, Aksnes L, Lehmann V. Low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in heparin-induced osteopenia (letter). Lancet 1980;2:650-1. PubMed
Cimetidine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Tagamet HB, Tagamet, Cimetidine Injection
Cimetidine inhibits an enzyme involved in conversion of vitamin D to its active form in the liver. However, it does not affect formation of active vitamin D metabolites in the kidneys. Clinically significant vitamin D depletion is not likely, except in people with other risk factors such as liver or kidney disease.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep your bones strong, and it also plays a role in immune health. Cimetidine appears to slow down a liver enzyme that converts vitamin D into a form your body can use, though your kidneys can still do their part of that process just fine. Because of that backup pathway, meaningful vitamin D depletion is considered unlikely for most people taking cimetidine. Unless you have liver or kidney disease or other risk factors, there is no particular reason to worry, though it is always fine to bring it up with your pharmacist.
References (3)
- Odes HS, Fraser GM, Krugliak P, et al. Effect of cimetidine on hepatic vitamin D metabolism in humans. Digestion 1990;46:61-4. PubMed
- Bengoa JM, Bolt MJ, Rosenberg IH. Hepatic vitamin D 25-hydroxylase inhibition by cimetidine and isoniazid. J Lab Clin Med 1984;104;546-52.
- Cimetidine inhibits the hepatic hydroxylation of vitamin D. Nutr Rev 1985;43:184-5.
Dalteparin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Fragmin
Reduced bone density has been reported with LMWHs, but probably to a lesser extent than with unfractionated heparin. The effect is primarily due to direct effects of heparins on bone (increased resorption and reduced bone formation), but metabolism of vitamin D to its active form is also reduced. Although it's not clear whether vitamin D and calcium supplements prevent bone loss associated with LMWH, people needing therapy with LMWH for several months should maintain their recommended daily intakes of vitamin D and calcium, using supplements if necessary. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep bones strong, and dalteparin may interfere with the step that converts vitamin D into its usable, active form. That said, the overall effect on vitamin D levels is considered insignificant for most people, and routine supplementation is not needed. If you happen to be taking dalteparin for several months, it is reasonable to simply make sure you are meeting your regular daily vitamin D and calcium targets through food or supplements. Ask your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions about where you stand.
References (6)
- Martineau P, Tawil N. Low-molecular-weight heparins in the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:588-98,601. PubMed
- Monreal M, Olive A, Lafoz E, del Rio L. Heparins, coumarin and bone density (letter). Lancet 1991;338:706. PubMed
- Pettila V, Leinonen P, Markkola A, et al. Postpartum bone mineral density in women treated for thromboprophylaxis with unfractionated heparin or LMW heparin. Thromb Haemost 2002;87:182-6. DOI
- Sivakumaran M, Ghosh K, Zaidi Y, Hutchinson RM. Osteoporosis and vertebral collapse following low-dose, low molecular weight heparin therapy in a young patient. Clin Lab Haematol 1996;18:55-7. PubMed
- Tannirandorn P, Epstein S. Drug-induced bone loss. Osteoporos Int 2000;11:637-59. PubMed
- Aarskog D, Aksnes L, Lehmann V. Low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in heparin-induced osteopenia (letter). Lancet 1980;2:650-1. PubMed
Danaparoid
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Orgaran
Reduced bone density has been reported with LMWHs, but probably to a lesser extent than with unfractionated heparin. The effect is primarily due to direct effects of heparins on bone (increased resorption and reduced bone formation), but metabolism of vitamin D to its active form is also reduced. Although it's not clear whether vitamin D and calcium supplements prevent bone loss associated with LMWH, people needing therapy with LMWH for several months should maintain their recommended daily intakes of vitamin D and calcium, using supplements if necessary. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D is something your body needs to absorb calcium and keep bones strong. Danaparoid belongs to a family of blood-thinning medicines called low molecular weight heparins, and there is some evidence these drugs may slightly reduce how well the body converts vitamin D into its usable form, while also affecting bone directly. That said, the overall impact is rated insignificant, so this is not a cause for alarm for most people. If you are on danaparoid for several months, it is worth a quick conversation with your pharmacist or doctor to make sure you are simply meeting your regular daily vitamin D and calcium needs.
References (6)
- Martineau P, Tawil N. Low-molecular-weight heparins in the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:588-98,601. PubMed
- Monreal M, Olive A, Lafoz E, del Rio L. Heparins, coumarin and bone density (letter). Lancet 1991;338:706. PubMed
- Pettila V, Leinonen P, Markkola A, et al. Postpartum bone mineral density in women treated for thromboprophylaxis with unfractionated heparin or LMW heparin. Thromb Haemost 2002;87:182-6. DOI
- Sivakumaran M, Ghosh K, Zaidi Y, Hutchinson RM. Osteoporosis and vertebral collapse following low-dose, low molecular weight heparin therapy in a young patient. Clin Lab Haematol 1996;18:55-7. PubMed
- Tannirandorn P, Epstein S. Drug-induced bone loss. Osteoporos Int 2000;11:637-59. PubMed
- Aarskog D, Aksnes L, Lehmann V. Low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in heparin-induced osteopenia (letter). Lancet 1980;2:650-1. PubMed
Enoxaparin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Lovenox
Reduced bone density has been reported with LMWHs, but probably to a lesser extent than with unfractionated heparin. The effect is primarily due to direct effects of heparins on bone (increased resorption and reduced bone formation), but metabolism of vitamin D to its active form is also reduced. Although it's not clear whether vitamin D and calcium supplements prevent bone loss associated with LMWH, people needing therapy with LMWH for several months should maintain their recommended daily intakes of vitamin D and calcium, using supplements if necessary. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep bones strong, and enoxaparin may slightly interfere with how your body converts vitamin D into the active form it can actually use. That said, the evidence here is rated insignificant, meaning this is more of a background concern than something most people on enoxaparin need to worry about day to day. The bigger bone-related concern with this type of medication is its direct effect on bone tissue rather than vitamin D levels. If you are taking enoxaparin for several months, it is reasonable to ask your doctor or pharmacist whether your current vitamin D and calcium intake is on track.
References (6)
- Martineau P, Tawil N. Low-molecular-weight heparins in the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:588-98,601. PubMed
- Monreal M, Olive A, Lafoz E, del Rio L. Heparins, coumarin and bone density (letter). Lancet 1991;338:706. PubMed
- Pettila V, Leinonen P, Markkola A, et al. Postpartum bone mineral density in women treated for thromboprophylaxis with unfractionated heparin or LMW heparin. Thromb Haemost 2002;87:182-6. DOI
- Sivakumaran M, Ghosh K, Zaidi Y, Hutchinson RM. Osteoporosis and vertebral collapse following low-dose, low molecular weight heparin therapy in a young patient. Clin Lab Haematol 1996;18:55-7. PubMed
- Tannirandorn P, Epstein S. Drug-induced bone loss. Osteoporos Int 2000;11:637-59. PubMed
- Aarskog D, Aksnes L, Lehmann V. Low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in heparin-induced osteopenia (letter). Lancet 1980;2:650-1. PubMed
Heparin
Insignificant DepletionReduced bone density has been reported with LMWHs, but probably to a lesser extent than with unfractionated heparin. The effect is primarily due to direct effects of heparins on bone (increased resorption and reduced bone formation), but metabolism of vitamin D to its active form is also reduced. Although it's not clear whether vitamin D and calcium supplements prevent bone loss associated with LMWH, people needing therapy with LMWH for several months should maintain their recommended daily intakes of vitamin D and calcium, using supplements if necessary. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D is something your bones, immune system, and muscles genuinely depend on, and heparin appears to interfere with the step where your body converts it into the active form it can actually use. There is also evidence that heparins can act directly on bone tissue, nudging it toward more breakdown and less rebuilding. That said, the rated impact here is insignificant for most people, so this is not a reason to panic. If you are using heparin for several months, it is simply worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your regular vitamin D and calcium intake is where it should be.
References (6)
- Martineau P, Tawil N. Low-molecular-weight heparins in the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:588-98,601. PubMed
- Monreal M, Olive A, Lafoz E, del Rio L. Heparins, coumarin and bone density (letter). Lancet 1991;338:706. PubMed
- Pettila V, Leinonen P, Markkola A, et al. Postpartum bone mineral density in women treated for thromboprophylaxis with unfractionated heparin or LMW heparin. Thromb Haemost 2002;87:182-6. DOI
- Sivakumaran M, Ghosh K, Zaidi Y, Hutchinson RM. Osteoporosis and vertebral collapse following low-dose, low molecular weight heparin therapy in a young patient. Clin Lab Haematol 1996;18:55-7. PubMed
- Tannirandorn P, Epstein S. Drug-induced bone loss. Osteoporos Int 2000;11:637-59. PubMed
- Aarskog D, Aksnes L, Lehmann V. Low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in heparin-induced osteopenia (letter). Lancet 1980;2:650-1. PubMed
Mineral Oil
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Kondremul Plain
Mineral oil can reduce absorption of both vitamin D and calcium. However, occasional or short-term use of mineral oil isn't likely to have a clinically significant effect.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keeps your bones and immune system healthy. Because mineral oil is a fat-based laxative, it can coat the gut and carry fat-soluble nutrients like vitamin D out of the body before they are fully absorbed. That said, this is only a real concern with prolonged, regular use, and for most people who take mineral oil occasionally, there is nothing to worry about. If you do use it frequently, it is worth mentioning to your pharmacist or doctor just to be safe.
References (1)
- Becker GL. The case against mineral oil. Am J Digestive Dis 1952;19:344-8. PubMed
Orlistat
Major DepletionBrand names include Xenical, Alli
Orlistat decreases absorption of fat-soluble vitamins including vitamin D, reducing plasma levels in some patients. The manufacturer recommends that patients take a multivitamin supplement containing all fat-soluble vitamins, separating the dosing time by at least 2 hours from orlistat.
Orlistat works by blocking your gut from absorbing dietary fat, and since vitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient, it gets caught in that same block and less of it makes it into your bloodstream. Vitamin D is something your bones, immune system, and muscles genuinely depend on, so this is considered a major concern, not a minor or theoretical one. Most people taking orlistat long-term are advised to take a multivitamin that includes vitamin D, just timed at least two hours apart from the medication so they do not interfere with each other. It is worth bringing this up with your pharmacist or doctor so they can help you figure out the right approach for your situation.
References (3)
- Roche, Inc. Xenical package insert. Nutley, NJ. May 1999.
- McDuffie JR, Calis KA, Booth SL, et al. Effects of orlistat on fat-soluble vitamins in obese adolescents. Pharmacotherapy 2002;22:814-22.. PubMed
- Davidson MH, Hauptman J, DiGirolamo M, et al. Weight control and risk factor reduction in obese subjects treated for 2 years with orlistat. JAMA 1999;281:235-42. DOI
Tinzaparin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Innohep
Reduced bone density has been reported with LMWHs, but probably to a lesser extent than with unfractionated heparin. The effect is primarily due to direct effects of heparins on bone (increased resorption and reduced bone formation), but metabolism of vitamin D to its active form is also reduced. Although it's not clear whether vitamin D and calcium supplements prevent bone loss associated with LMWH, people needing therapy with LMWH for several months should maintain their recommended daily intakes of vitamin D and calcium, using supplements if necessary. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D is something your bones, muscles, and immune system depend on, partly because your body has to convert it into an active form before it can actually do its job. Tinzaparin, like other low-molecular-weight heparins, may interfere a little with that conversion step, and there is also some evidence these medications can affect bone directly by nudging the body toward more bone breakdown and less bone building. That said, the overall effect on vitamin D is considered insignificant for most people, so this is not something that should cause alarm. If you are on tinzaparin for several months, it is simply worth making sure you are getting your usual recommended daily amounts of vitamin D and calcium through food or a basic supplement, and your pharmacist or doctor can help you figure out if anything extra makes sense for you.
References (6)
- Martineau P, Tawil N. Low-molecular-weight heparins in the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:588-98,601. PubMed
- Monreal M, Olive A, Lafoz E, del Rio L. Heparins, coumarin and bone density (letter). Lancet 1991;338:706. PubMed
- Pettila V, Leinonen P, Markkola A, et al. Postpartum bone mineral density in women treated for thromboprophylaxis with unfractionated heparin or LMW heparin. Thromb Haemost 2002;87:182-6. DOI
- Sivakumaran M, Ghosh K, Zaidi Y, Hutchinson RM. Osteoporosis and vertebral collapse following low-dose, low molecular weight heparin therapy in a young patient. Clin Lab Haematol 1996;18:55-7. PubMed
- Tannirandorn P, Epstein S. Drug-induced bone loss. Osteoporos Int 2000;11:637-59. PubMed
- Aarskog D, Aksnes L, Lehmann V. Low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in heparin-induced osteopenia (letter). Lancet 1980;2:650-1. PubMed
Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Triple Barbital
Phenobarbital increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenobarbital for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Barbiturates like phenobarbital put your liver into overdrive when it comes to vitamin D, a nutrient your body needs to absorb calcium and keep bones strong. The liver breaks the vitamin down into inactive forms faster than usual, so less of it is available to do its job. This is a real, well-documented concern for people on these medications long-term, and some patients do end up needing a vitamin D or calcium supplement. If you have been taking one of these medications for six months or more, it is worth a conversation with your pharmacist or doctor about whether your levels should be checked.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Full nutrient report for Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital →
Armodafinil
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Nuvigil
Prolonged use of high doses of stimulant laxatives can reduce dietary vitamin D and calcium absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and osteomalacia. Advise patients to limit stimulant laxatives to short-term use of recommended doses.
Armodafinil is thought to speed up certain liver enzymes that break down vitamin D, the nutrient your body needs to absorb calcium and keep bones strong. Over time, that faster breakdown can leave you with lower vitamin D levels than you would otherwise have, which is why this one carries a moderate concern rather than just a theoretical flag. If you have been taking armodafinil for a while, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether checking your vitamin D level makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Frier BM, Scott RD. Osteomalacia and arthropathy associated with prolonged abuse of purgatives. Br J Clin Pract 1977;31:17-9. DOI
Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Dymista
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Fluticasone propionate is a corticosteroid, and corticosteroids can interfere with how the body handles vitamin D, which helps you absorb calcium and keep your bones strong. With regular or higher-dose use, this can gradually affect bone health over time, which is why this combination carries a moderate depletion rating. If you use this nasal spray long-term, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your vitamin D and calcium intake is where it should be.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate →
Beclometasone dipropionate
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Becotide
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D is the nutrient your body needs to absorb calcium properly and keep bones strong. Beclometasone dipropionate is an inhaled corticosteroid, and even inhaled steroids can interfere with how the body handles calcium and bone tissue over time, which is why some long-term users may benefit from vitamin D support. This is rated moderate, so it is not something to ignore, especially if you have used this medication at higher doses for many months. Ask your doctor or pharmacist whether your vitamin D level should be checked and whether a supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Beclomethasone
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Beclovent, Vanceril
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D is something your body needs to absorb calcium properly and keep bones strong, so it matters quite a bit when you are taking a corticosteroid like beclomethasone long term. Corticosteroids can interfere with how the body uses vitamin D and regulates calcium, which over time can quietly weaken bones even if you feel fine. Because this is rated as moderate depletion, it is worth a real conversation with your doctor or pharmacist if you have been on beclomethasone regularly, especially at higher doses, since some people do benefit from a vitamin D supplement to help protect their bones.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Beclomethasone dipropionate
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Qvar, QNASL
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keeps your bones strong, so when levels fall, your skeleton pays the price over time. Beclomethasone is an inhaled corticosteroid, and corticosteroids as a class can interfere with how your body uses vitamin D and regulates calcium, which over months to years can quietly chip away at bone density. Because this is rated as moderate depletion, it is worth a real conversation with your pharmacist or doctor, especially if you use this medication daily at higher doses or have been on it for many months.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Betamethasone
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Celestone, Diprolene AF, Diprosone
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep bones strong, and long-term use of a corticosteroid like betamethasone has been linked to lower vitamin D levels and meaningful bone loss over time. The bigger concern is that corticosteroids interfere with how your body manages calcium and builds new bone tissue, and vitamin D plays a key supporting role in that process. Because this is rated as moderate depletion, people using higher doses for six months or more may genuinely benefit from a vitamin D supplement, though not everyone will need one. If betamethasone is part of your regular routine, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether your vitamin D and calcium intake should be checked.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Betamethasone Dipropionate
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Sernivo
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keeps your bones strong, so when levels dip, your skeleton can pay the price. Betamethasone dipropionate is a corticosteroid, and corticosteroids used at higher doses over a long stretch of time can interfere with how the body handles calcium and supports bone formation, which is where vitamin D comes in. For people using a potent corticosteroid regularly and at meaningful doses, this is a real enough concern that vitamin D (along with adequate calcium) is often recommended to help offset some of that bone risk. If you are using this medication long term, it is worth having a conversation with your pharmacist or doctor about whether monitoring or supplementation makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Betamethasone Dipropionate, Calcipotriene
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Enstilar, Wynzora
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keeps your bones strong, so it matters quite a bit when you are using a corticosteroid like betamethasone long-term. Corticosteroids can interfere with how your body processes vitamin D and manages calcium, and over time, especially at higher doses used for six months or more, this can contribute to bone thinning. This combination product includes calcipotriene, which is actually a vitamin D derivative used for the skin, but that does not protect your internal vitamin D levels. If you have been using this medication regularly, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether your vitamin D and calcium intake are where they should be.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Betamethasone Dipropionate, Calcipotriene →
Betamethasone valerate
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Luxiq
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep bones strong, so when levels dip, your skeleton can pay the price over time. Betamethasone valerate is a corticosteroid, and corticosteroids used regularly can interfere with how the body processes vitamin D and manages calcium, which together puts stress on bone health. This rating is listed as moderate, meaning it is a real concern worth watching, especially if you use a corticosteroid-containing product over a long stretch. It is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your vitamin D intake is adequate for your situation.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Budesonide
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Entocort EC, Pulmicort, Uceris
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep your bones strong, so it matters quite a bit when you're on a corticosteroid like budesonide. These medications can interfere with how the body handles calcium and bone formation, and over time that can put real stress on bone density. For people using budesonide at higher doses for six months or more, this is worth a practical conversation with your doctor or pharmacist about whether a vitamin D supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Carbamazepine
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Tegretol, Tegretol XR, Equetro
Carbamazepine increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking carbamazepine for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed range from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Carbamazepine is processed by the liver, and one side effect of that process is that it also breaks down vitamin D, the nutrient your body needs to absorb calcium and keep bones strong, faster than usual. Over months or years, this can leave some people with lower vitamin D levels than they need, which in turn can affect calcium absorption and bone health. This is a well-recognized concern for long-term users, so if you have been on carbamazepine for six months or more, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your vitamin D level should be checked.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Cholestyramine
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Questran
Cholestyramine can reduce absorption of vitamin D. Occasionally this leads to osteomalacia, usually in patients receiving cholestyramine in doses above 32 grams daily, or prolonged therapy over 2 years, and with additional risk factors such as ileal resection or primary biliary cirrhosis, which deplete the bile acids needed for vitamin D absorption. Supplements of vitamin D, and sometimes calcium, are necessary in these patients. Use of cholestyramine (24 grams daily) for treatment of hyperlipidemia in otherwise healthy men doesn't seem to affect vitamin D and calcium levels, and supplements aren't necessary.
Vitamin D is something your bones, muscles, and immune system genuinely depend on, so keeping levels in a healthy range matters. Cholestyramine works by binding things in your gut, and unfortunately it can grab fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin D along the way, reducing how much your body actually absorbs. For most people taking standard doses, this is not a major concern, but if you have been on cholestyramine long-term or at higher doses, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your vitamin D level should be checked.
References (5)
- Knodel LC, Talbert RL. Adverse effects of hypolipidaemic drugs. Med Toxicol 1987;2:10-32. PubMed
- Compston JE, Horton LW. Oral 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in treatment of osteomalacia associated with ileal resection and cholestyramine therapy. Gastroenterology 1978;74:900-2. DOI
- Compston JE, Thompson RP. Intestinal absorption of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and osteomalacia in primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 1977;1:721-4. PubMed
- Heaton KW, Lever JV, Barnard RE. Osteomalacia associated with cholestyramine therapy for post-ileectomy diarrhea. Gastroenterology 1972;62:642-6.
- Hoogwerf BJ, Hibbard DM, Hunninghake DB. Effects of long-term cholestyramine administration on vitamin D and parathormone levels in middle-aged men with hypercholesterolaemia. J Lab Clin Med 1992;119:407-11.
Clobetasol
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Temovate, Clobex
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep bones strong, and corticosteroids like clobetasol can interfere with how your body uses it, which over time can quietly affect bone health. This is rated a moderate concern, especially for people using higher-strength corticosteroids regularly for six months or more. Most short-term or occasional users are unlikely to have a problem, but if clobetasol is part of your long-term routine, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your vitamin D and calcium intake is where it should be.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Colestipol
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Colestid
Colestipol can reduce absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamin D. This doesn't seem to be clinically significant when up to 20 grams daily is used for up to 2 years. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Colestipol works by binding things in your gut to help lower cholesterol, but as a side effect it can also grab onto fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin D before your body gets the chance to absorb them. Vitamin D is what helps your body take in calcium and keep your bones and immune system working properly. At typical doses and standard treatment lengths, this interaction does not appear to be a major concern for most people, but higher doses or long-term use may be worth watching. If you have been on colestipol for a while, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your vitamin D level should be checked.
References (2)
- Schwarz KB, Goldstein PD, Witztum JL, et al. Fat-soluble vitamin concentrations in hypercholestrolemic children treated with colestipol. Pediatrics 1980;65:243-50.
- Tonstad S, Silverstein M, Aksnes L, Ose L. Low dose colestipol in adolescents with familial hypercholesterolemia. Arch Dis Child 1996;74:157-60.
Cortisone Acetate
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Cortone, Cortisone Tablets
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keeps your bones strong, so running low on it matters quite a bit over time. Cortisone acetate, like other corticosteroids, can interfere with how the body uses and activates vitamin D, and at higher doses it also disrupts the whole calcium-and-bone system in ways that go beyond vitamin D alone. This is rated as moderate depletion, meaning it is a real concern for people on longer courses at higher doses, not just a theoretical worry. If you have been taking cortisone acetate regularly, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether vitamin D monitoring or a supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Danthron , Docusate
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Co-Danthrusate (UK)
Prolonged use of high doses of stimulant laxatives can reduce dietary vitamin D and calcium absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and osteomalacia. Advise patients to limit stimulant laxatives to short-term use of recommended doses.
Vitamin D is something your body depends on to absorb calcium and keep bones strong, so a shortfall over time can quietly weaken them. This combination laxative, when used in high doses for a long stretch, may speed up how quickly food moves through the gut, leaving less time for vitamin D (and calcium) to be properly absorbed. Because the rating here is moderate, this is a real concern for people using these laxatives regularly or long-term, not just an occasional user. If that sounds like your situation, it is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor to see whether your levels should be checked.
References (1)
- Frier BM, Scott RD. Osteomalacia and arthropathy associated with prolonged abuse of purgatives. Br J Clin Pract 1977;31:17-9. DOI
Dehydrocholic Acid
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Decholin
Prolonged use of high doses of stimulant laxatives can reduce dietary vitamin D and calcium absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and osteomalacia. Advise patients to limit stimulant laxatives to short-term use of recommended doses.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keeps your bones strong, so running low on it over time is worth taking seriously. Dehydrocholic acid is a stimulant laxative, and when these types of laxatives are used in high doses for a long stretch, they can speed food through the gut fast enough that vitamin D does not get a chance to be properly absorbed from what you eat. This record is rated moderate, meaning some long-term users may genuinely need to address it. If you have been using this medication for more than a short period, it is worth a conversation with your pharmacist or doctor about whether your vitamin D levels should be checked.
References (1)
- Frier BM, Scott RD. Osteomalacia and arthropathy associated with prolonged abuse of purgatives. Br J Clin Pract 1977;31:17-9. DOI
Dehydrocholic Acid , Docusate
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Bilax
Prolonged use of high doses of stimulant laxatives can reduce dietary vitamin D and calcium absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and osteomalacia. Advise patients to limit stimulant laxatives to short-term use of recommended doses.
Vitamin D is something your body needs to absorb calcium and keep your bones strong. When stimulant laxatives like dehydrocholic acid are used for a long time or at high doses, they can speed food through the gut fast enough that fat-soluble nutrients like vitamin D do not get properly absorbed along the way. This is rated as a moderate concern, meaning it is not a worry for short-term use, but people who rely on these laxatives regularly may want to ask their pharmacist or doctor whether their vitamin D levels should be checked.
References (1)
- Frier BM, Scott RD. Osteomalacia and arthropathy associated with prolonged abuse of purgatives. Br J Clin Pract 1977;31:17-9. DOI
Dehydrocholic Acid, Homatropine Methylbromide, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include G.B.S.
Phenobarbital increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenobarbital for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
The phenobarbital in this combination is the part worth paying attention to here. Your liver uses vitamin D, which helps your body absorb calcium and keep bones strong, to build many things, and phenobarbital essentially tells the liver to work overtime breaking vitamin D down into forms the body cannot use. Over six months or more, that can meaningfully chip away at your vitamin D levels. If you have been on this medication long-term, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether your levels should be checked.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Full nutrient report for Dehydrocholic Acid, Homatropine Methylbromide, Phenobarbital →
Dexamethasone
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Decadron, Hexadrol, Dexone
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep your bones strong, and dexamethasone, like other corticosteroids, can reduce its levels in the blood. The bigger concern with long-term, higher-dose use is actually what happens downstream: less calcium gets absorbed, bone formation is disrupted, and over time that raises the real risk of bone loss and fractures. For people taking dexamethasone regularly at meaningful doses, this is worth paying attention to, not just a theoretical footnote. If you have been on this medication for a while, it is a good idea to ask your doctor or pharmacist whether a vitamin D and calcium supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Dicyclomine, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Bentyl w/ Pb
Phenobarbital increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenobarbital for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Phenobarbital, when taken long-term, can prompt the liver to break down vitamin D much faster than normal, leaving less of it available in the blood. Because vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep bones strong, lower levels over months or years can quietly affect bone health. This is rated a moderate concern, so it is not something to ignore if you have been on phenobarbital for six months or more. Ask your doctor or pharmacist whether checking your vitamin D level or taking a supplement makes sense for you.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Lufyllin-EPG
Phenobarbital increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenobarbital for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Phenobarbital, the anticonvulsant in this combination, can lower vitamin D levels, which your body needs to absorb calcium and keep bones strong. The liver breaks vitamin D down faster than usual when phenobarbital is on board, so less of the active form stays in circulation. For people taking this medication for six months or more, that adds up to a real concern, and some patients do end up needing a supplement. If you have been on this long-term, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your vitamin D level should be checked.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Full nutrient report for Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital →
Efavirenz
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Sustiva
Efavirenz-based antiretroviral regimens can reduce plasma levels of vitamin D. The reduction in vitamin D levels occurs within the first 6 months after initiation of antiretroviral therapy, with no subsequent reductions seen between 6 and 12 months after therapy initiation. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep your bones, muscles, and immune system working properly. Efavirenz, an antiretroviral used to treat HIV, appears to speed up the way your liver breaks down vitamin D, which can leave less of it circulating in your blood. Research suggests this drop tends to happen within the first six months of starting therapy and then levels off. Because this is a moderate concern, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether checking your vitamin D level or taking a supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Havers FP, Detrick B, Cardoso SW, et al. Change in Vitamin D levels occurs early after antiretroviral therapy initiation and depends on treatment regimen in resource-limited settings. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 21;9(4):e95164. PubMed
Efavirenz, Lamivudine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Symfi
Efavirenz-based antiretroviral regimens can reduce plasma levels of vitamin D. The reduction in vitamin D levels occurs within the first 6 months after initiation of antiretroviral therapy, with no subsequent reductions seen between 6 and 12 months after therapy initiation. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep your bones and immune system strong, so running low on it over time is worth paying attention to. Efavirenz, one of the drugs in this combination, appears to affect the way your liver processes vitamin D, which can cause blood levels to drop, particularly in the first six months of starting therapy. Because this is rated as a moderate concern, some people on this regimen do need a supplement while others do not. It is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether checking your vitamin D level makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Havers FP, Detrick B, Cardoso SW, et al. Change in Vitamin D levels occurs early after antiretroviral therapy initiation and depends on treatment regimen in resource-limited settings. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 21;9(4):e95164. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Efavirenz, Lamivudine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate →
Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Mudrane GG
Phenobarbital increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenobarbital for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Phenobarbital, which is the relevant ingredient here for this interaction, prompts your liver to break down vitamin D much faster than normal, converting it into inactive forms your body cannot use. Vitamin D is what helps your gut absorb calcium and keeps your bones strong, so long-term use can leave both vitamin D and calcium running lower than they should. Because this is rated a moderate concern, patients on phenobarbital for six months or more are sometimes advised to add a vitamin D supplement, though the right dose varies quite a bit from person to person. If you have been taking this medication long-term, it is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor to see whether your levels should be checked.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Full nutrient report for Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline →
Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Quadrinal, Mudrane
Phenobarbital increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenobarbital for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Phenobarbital prompts the liver to break down vitamin D much faster than normal, converting it into forms the body cannot use. Vitamin D is what helps your gut absorb calcium and keeps your bones strong, so losing it over time can quietly weaken bone density. This concern is rated moderate, meaning long-term users (roughly six months or more) are the ones to watch. If you have been on phenobarbital for a while, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether your vitamin D level should be checked.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Full nutrient report for Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline →
Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Tedral
Phenobarbital increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenobarbital for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Phenobarbital is the key concern here: it revs up the liver's enzyme activity, which causes vitamin D to get broken down faster than normal, leaving less of it available to help your body absorb calcium and keep bones strong. With long-term use (six months or more), this can be enough of a drop to matter, which is why this is rated as a moderate depletion. If you have been on phenobarbital for a while, it is worth having a conversation with your doctor or pharmacist about whether checking your vitamin D level makes sense for you.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Full nutrient report for Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline →
Ergotamine, Belladonna, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Bellaspas, Bellamine, Eperbel-S
Phenobarbital increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenobarbital for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Phenobarbital, the anticonvulsant component in this combination, can prompt the liver to break down vitamin D much faster than normal, leaving less of it available to help your body absorb calcium and keep your bones strong. Over six months or more of use, this can meaningfully lower vitamin D levels in some people, and the risk climbs if you have other reasons to be low on this vitamin already. Because the evidence here is rated moderate, long-term users are worth monitoring rather than ignoring. It is a reasonable thing to bring up with your pharmacist or doctor at your next visit, especially if you have been on this medication for several months.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Full nutrient report for Ergotamine, Belladonna, Phenobarbital →
Fludrocortisone
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Florinef Acetate
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keeps your bones strong, and fludrocortisone, like other corticosteroids, can interfere with how your body uses and maintains it. The bigger concern here is bone health: corticosteroids taken long-term at higher doses can quietly weaken bones over time, partly by disrupting calcium balance. Because vitamin D helps offset some of that effect, people on fludrocortisone for six months or longer may benefit from talking with their doctor or pharmacist about whether a vitamin D and calcium supplement makes sense for them.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Fluticasone
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Flovent, Flonase, Flixotide
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep bones strong, and long-term use of corticosteroids like fluticasone can interfere with how the body uses it, which in turn disrupts calcium balance and can gradually weaken bones over time. This is rated moderate, meaning it is a real concern worth paying attention to, especially for people using higher doses for six months or longer. If that sounds like your situation, it is worth having a conversation with your pharmacist or doctor about whether a vitamin D supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Fluticasone Furoate, Umeclidinium, Vilanterol
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Trelegy Ellipta
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
The fluticasone furoate in this inhaler is a corticosteroid, and corticosteroids taken regularly can interfere with how the body handles vitamin D, which your bones and muscles depend on to absorb calcium properly. Over time, especially at higher doses used for six months or more, this can contribute to bone thinning. If you have been using this inhaler long term, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your vitamin D level should be checked and whether a supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Fluticasone Furoate, Umeclidinium, Vilanterol →
Fluticasone Furoate, Vilanterol Trifenatate
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Breo Ellipta
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keeps your bones strong, so a drop in it matters over the long run. The fluticasone furoate in this inhaler is a corticosteroid, and corticosteroids used regularly can interfere with calcium balance and bone maintenance in ways that make getting enough vitamin D especially important. For most people using an inhaled combination like this one, the concern is moderate but real, particularly if you have been on it for many months. It is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether your vitamin D level should be checked and whether a supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Fluticasone Furoate, Vilanterol Trifenatate →
Hydrocortisone
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Cortef, Hydrocortone, Carmol HC cream
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep your bones strong, so long-term use of hydrocortisone is something worth paying attention to here. Corticosteroids like hydrocortisone appear to interfere with how the body activates and uses vitamin D, which in turn throws off calcium balance and can gradually weaken bones over time. This is rated a moderate concern, meaning it is most relevant for people taking higher doses for six months or longer. If that sounds like your situation, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether a vitamin D supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Levsin Pb, Levsinex Pb Timecaps
Phenobarbital increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenobarbital for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Phenobarbital, the anticonvulsant component in this combination, can prompt your liver to break down vitamin D much faster than normal, leaving less of it available for your body to use. Vitamin D is what helps your gut absorb calcium and keep your bones strong, so when levels drop over time, bones can gradually weaken. This is a moderate, well-documented concern rather than a rare theoretical one, especially for people who have been on phenobarbital for six months or more. If that describes you, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether your vitamin D level has been checked and whether a supplement makes sense for you.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampin
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Rifater
Rifampin increases hepatic metabolism of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, reducing its plasma levels. This can contribute to osteomalacia after prolonged therapy (>1 year), especially if vitamin D intake is low. However, if isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid) is taken concurrently with rifampin there doesn't seem to be any change in vitamin D status. This may be because the enzyme-inducing effects on rifampin are canceled out by the enzyme-inhibiting effects of isoniazid. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D is something your bones, muscles, and immune system genuinely depend on, so it is worth keeping an eye on here. Rifampin speeds up the liver's breakdown of vitamin D, which can gradually lower the amount circulating in your body. Interestingly, when isoniazid is taken alongside rifampin, as it often is in tuberculosis treatment, research suggests the two drugs may actually cancel each other out on this effect, leaving vitamin D levels relatively unchanged. Still, because this is rated moderate and long-term therapy can matter, it is a reasonable thing to bring up with your pharmacist or doctor, especially if your diet is low in vitamin D.
References (5)
- Williams SE, Wardman AG, Taylor GA, et al. Long term study of the effect of rifampicin and isoniazid on vitamin D metabolism. Tubercle 1985;66:49-54. PubMed
- Kovacs CS, Jones G, Yendt ER. Primary hyperparathyroidism masked by antituberculous therapy-induced vitamin D deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1994;41:831-8. PubMed
- Perry W, Erooga MA, Brown J, Stamp TC. Calcium metabolism during rifampicin and isoniazid therapy for tuberculosis. J R Soc Med 1982;75:533-6. PubMed
- Shah SC, Sharma RK, Hemangini, Chitle AR. Rifampicin induced osteomalacia. Tubercle 1981;62:207-9. PubMed
- Brodie MJ, Boobis AR, Hillyard CJ, et al. Effect of rifampicin and isoniazid on vitamin D metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982;32:525-30. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Rifampin →
Isoniazid, Rifampin
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Rifamate
Rifampin increases hepatic metabolism of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, reducing its plasma levels. This can contribute to osteomalacia after prolonged therapy (>1 year), especially if vitamin D intake is low. However, if isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid) is taken concurrently with rifampin there doesn't seem to be any change in vitamin D status. This may be because the enzyme-inducing effects on rifampin are canceled out by the enzyme-inhibiting effects of isoniazid. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D is something your bones and immune system genuinely depend on, so this interaction is worth understanding. Rifampin is a strong enzyme inducer, meaning it revs up the liver's ability to break down vitamin D faster than normal, which can lower the usable form in your blood. The interesting twist here is that when isoniazid is taken alongside rifampin, as it usually is, isoniazid appears to blunt that effect, and studies suggest vitamin D levels may actually stay stable in people taking both together. That said, this is rated as moderate depletion, so if you have been on this combination for a long time or your diet is low in vitamin D, it is worth bringing up with your doctor or pharmacist.
References (5)
- Williams SE, Wardman AG, Taylor GA, et al. Long term study of the effect of rifampicin and isoniazid on vitamin D metabolism. Tubercle 1985;66:49-54. PubMed
- Kovacs CS, Jones G, Yendt ER. Primary hyperparathyroidism masked by antituberculous therapy-induced vitamin D deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1994;41:831-8. PubMed
- Perry W, Erooga MA, Brown J, Stamp TC. Calcium metabolism during rifampicin and isoniazid therapy for tuberculosis. J R Soc Med 1982;75:533-6. PubMed
- Shah SC, Sharma RK, Hemangini, Chitle AR. Rifampicin induced osteomalacia. Tubercle 1981;62:207-9. PubMed
- Brodie MJ, Boobis AR, Hillyard CJ, et al. Effect of rifampicin and isoniazid on vitamin D metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982;32:525-30. PubMed
Magnesium Hydroxide (OTC drug)
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Milk of Magnesia (MOM)
Prolonged use of high doses of stimulant laxatives can reduce dietary vitamin D and calcium absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and osteomalacia. Advise patients to limit stimulant laxatives to short-term use of recommended doses.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep your bones strong, so running low on it over time really does matter. When magnesium hydroxide is used as a laxative for long stretches, it can speed food and nutrients through the gut before they get properly absorbed, and vitamin D is one of the nutrients caught in that rush. Because this is rated a moderate depletion concern, it is mainly something to watch for with prolonged or high-dose use, not a quick occasional dose. If you have been relying on this laxative regularly, it is worth a conversation with your pharmacist or doctor about whether your vitamin D levels should be checked.
References (1)
- Frier BM, Scott RD. Osteomalacia and arthropathy associated with prolonged abuse of purgatives. Br J Clin Pract 1977;31:17-9. DOI
Mephenytoin
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Mesantoin
Phenytoin increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenytoin for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Mephenytoin belongs to the same family as phenytoin, and one concern with longer-term use is that it may prompt the liver to break down vitamin D faster than usual, leaving less of it available to help your body absorb calcium and keep bones strong. With a moderate depletion rating, this is a real, clinically recognized issue rather than just a theoretical one, and it tends to matter most for people who have been on the medication for six months or more. If that sounds like you, it is worth bringing up with your doctor or pharmacist, since some patients in this situation do benefit from a vitamin D or calcium supplement.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Methylprednisolone
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Medrol, Medrol Dosepak
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep your bones strong, so when levels dip, your skeleton is the first thing to feel it. Methylprednisolone, like other corticosteroids, can interfere with how your body activates and uses vitamin D, which in turn throws off calcium balance and slows normal bone rebuilding. With a moderate depletion rating, this is a real concern for people who take higher doses for several months or more, not just a theoretical one. If that sounds like your situation, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether a vitamin D and calcium supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Olopatadine Hydrochloride, Mometasone Furoate
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Ryaltris
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Mometasone is a corticosteroid, and corticosteroids used at higher doses over long stretches of time can interfere with how the body handles calcium and bone, and vitamin D (which helps your body absorb calcium and keep bones strong) is often recommended alongside to help offset that. This combination product is typically used as a nasal spray, so the actual dose of corticosteroid reaching your system is quite low compared to oral steroids. Still, because the rating here is moderate, long-term users are worth a conversation with their doctor or pharmacist about whether a vitamin D supplement makes sense for them.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Olopatadine Hydrochloride, Mometasone Furoate →
Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Solfoton, Luminal
Phenobarbital increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenobarbital for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Phenobarbital is a liver enzyme inducer, meaning it revs up the liver's processing speed and breaks down vitamin D into inactive forms before your body can use it. Since vitamin D is what helps your gut absorb calcium and keep your bones strong, long-term use can leave both in short supply. This is a well-documented concern, not just a theoretical one, so if you have been taking phenobarbital for six months or more, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether your vitamin D level should be checked.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Dilantin with PB
Phenytoin increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenytoin for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Phenytoin and phenobarbital are both processed by the liver, and that processing can actually speed up the breakdown of vitamin D, which your bones and muscles depend on to absorb calcium properly. Over time, lower vitamin D levels can leave your bones weaker than they should be, and this concern is real enough that some long-term users genuinely do need a supplement. If you have been taking either of these medications for six months or more, it is worth having a conversation with your pharmacist or doctor about checking your vitamin D status.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Phenobarbital, Sodium Nitrate
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Soniphen
Phenobarbital increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenobarbital for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep your bones strong, and phenobarbital can work against it in a meaningful way. The liver breaks phenobarbital down, and in doing so it ramps up the same liver enzymes that convert vitamin D into inactive forms, so less usable vitamin D stays in circulation. For people taking phenobarbital for six months or more, this is worth taking seriously, especially if other bone-health risk factors are present. Ask your doctor or pharmacist whether checking your vitamin D level and possibly adding a supplement makes sense for you.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Phenolphthalein
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Modane, Evac-Q-Tab, Modane Mild
Prolonged use of high doses of stimulant laxatives can reduce dietary vitamin D and calcium absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and osteomalacia. Advise patients to limit stimulant laxatives to short-term use of recommended doses.
Vitamin D is something your body needs to absorb calcium and keep bones strong, and there is a real concern that long-term use of phenolphthalein, a stimulant laxative, can interfere with how well your gut pulls vitamin D (and calcium) out of food. Essentially, speeding up movement through the intestines leaves less time for these nutrients to be absorbed. This is rated as a moderate depletion, meaning it is not just theoretical, and some people who use this type of laxative regularly do benefit from a supplement. If you are using phenolphthalein for more than a short stretch, it is worth a conversation with your pharmacist or doctor about whether your vitamin D levels should be checked.
References (1)
- Frier BM, Scott RD. Osteomalacia and arthropathy associated with prolonged abuse of purgatives. Br J Clin Pract 1977;31:17-9. DOI
Phenytoin
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Dilantin Kapseals, Dilantin, Di-Phen
Phenytoin increases hepatic metabolism of vitamin D to inactive compounds, thereby reducing calcium absorption. Hypocalcemia and osteomalacia have occurred, especially with prolonged therapy, concurrent use of other enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants, or when other risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are present. Patients taking phenytoin for 6 months or more may need vitamin D and calcium supplements. Doses of vitamin D needed vary from 400-4000 IU daily. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Phenytoin speeds up the liver's breakdown of vitamin D, which your bones and immune system depend on, converting it into forms the body cannot use. Over time, this can lower the amount of active vitamin D available, making it harder for your gut to absorb calcium properly. People who take phenytoin for six months or longer are the ones most worth watching here, and some do end up needing a supplement. If you have been on phenytoin long-term, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether checking your vitamin D level makes sense for you.
References (5)
- Gough H, Goggin T, Bissessar A, et al. A comparative study of the relative influence of different anticonvulsant drugs, UV exposure and diet on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in out-patients with epilepsy. Quart J Med 1986;59:569-77. DOI
- Hoikka V, Alhava EM, Karjalainen P, et al. Carbamazepine and bone mineral metabolism. Acta Neurol Scand 1984;70:77-80. PubMed
- Rajantie J, Lamberg-Allardt C, Wilska M. Does carbamazepine treatment lead to a need of extra vitamin D in some mentally retarded children? Acta Paediatr Scand 1984;73:325-8. PubMed
- Bell RD, Pak CY, Zerwekh J, et al. Effect of phenytoin on bone and mineral density in ambulatory epileptic children. Brain Dev 1994;16:382-5.
- Collins N, Maher J, Cole M, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the dose of vitamin D required to correct low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase in patients at risk of developing antiepileptic drug-induced osteomalacia. Q J M
Prednisolone
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Sterane, Delta Cortef, Cortalone
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D is something your body needs to absorb calcium properly and keep bones strong. Prednisolone, especially at higher doses taken for months, can interfere with how your body uses calcium and may reduce vitamin D levels, which over time can quietly weaken bones. This is a moderate concern, so it is not something to ignore if you are on long-term therapy. It is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether a vitamin D supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Prednisone
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Deltasone, Cortan, Orasone
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep your bones strong, and long-term prednisone use can interfere with that process in a meaningful way. Prednisone disrupts how the body handles calcium and bone-building, and it may also reduce how well your gut activates and uses vitamin D, making it harder to maintain healthy bone density over time. This is rated a moderate concern, so if you have been taking prednisone at a higher dose for several months, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether a vitamin D supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Psyllium , Senna (OTC drug)
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Perdiem
Prolonged use of high doses of stimulant laxatives can reduce dietary vitamin D and calcium absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and osteomalacia. Advise patients to limit stimulant laxatives to short-term use of recommended doses.
Vitamin D is something your bones, muscles, and immune system genuinely depend on, so it is worth paying attention to here. Senna is a stimulant laxative, and when it is used heavily or for a long stretch of time, it can speed food through the gut so quickly that vitamin D from your diet does not get properly absorbed before it passes through. This is rated as moderate depletion, meaning it is not just a theoretical worry for long-term, high-dose users. If you have been relying on senna regularly for more than just occasional constipation, it is a reasonable thing to bring up with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (1)
- Frier BM, Scott RD. Osteomalacia and arthropathy associated with prolonged abuse of purgatives. Br J Clin Pract 1977;31:17-9. DOI
Psyllium Hydrophilic Mucilloid , Senna (OTC drug)
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Prodiem Plus
Prolonged use of high doses of stimulant laxatives can reduce dietary vitamin D and calcium absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and osteomalacia. Advise patients to limit stimulant laxatives to short-term use of recommended doses.
Senna is a stimulant laxative, and when it is used regularly over a long period of time, it can speed up how quickly things move through your gut, leaving less time for your body to absorb vitamin D, the nutrient that keeps your bones strong and supports your immune system. That faster transit can also reduce calcium absorption, which compounds the concern for bone health over time. Because this is rated as a moderate depletion concern, it is most relevant for people who rely on senna frequently rather than those using it occasionally. If you have been taking senna on a regular basis, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your vitamin D level should be checked.
References (1)
- Frier BM, Scott RD. Osteomalacia and arthropathy associated with prolonged abuse of purgatives. Br J Clin Pract 1977;31:17-9. DOI
Full nutrient report for Psyllium Hydrophilic Mucilloid , Senna (OTC drug) →
Psyllium Hydrophilic Mucilloid , Sennosides (OTC drug)
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Prompt
Prolonged use of high doses of stimulant laxatives can reduce dietary vitamin D and calcium absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and osteomalacia. Advise patients to limit stimulant laxatives to short-term use of recommended doses.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keeps your bones strong, so running low on it matters more than people often realize. Sennosides work as a stimulant laxative, speeding up how quickly food moves through your gut, and that faster transit time can mean your intestines have less opportunity to absorb fat-soluble nutrients like vitamin D from the foods you eat. This concern is most relevant to people who rely on stimulant laxatives regularly over a long period rather than occasional short-term use. If sennosides are a regular part of your routine, it is worth bringing up vitamin D levels with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (1)
- Frier BM, Scott RD. Osteomalacia and arthropathy associated with prolonged abuse of purgatives. Br J Clin Pract 1977;31:17-9. DOI
Full nutrient report for Psyllium Hydrophilic Mucilloid , Sennosides (OTC drug) →
Rifampin
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Rifadin, Rimactane, Rifadin Injection
Rifampin increases hepatic metabolism of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, reducing its plasma levels. This can contribute to osteomalacia after prolonged therapy (>1 year), especially if vitamin D intake is low. However, if isoniazid (INH, Nydrazid) is taken concurrently with rifampin there doesn't seem to be any change in vitamin D status. This may be because the enzyme-inducing effects on rifampin are canceled out by the enzyme-inhibiting effects of isoniazid. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D is something your bones, muscles, and immune system genuinely depend on, so keeping levels healthy matters over the long run. Rifampin is a strong inducer of liver enzymes, meaning it ramps up the liver's ability to break down 25-hydroxy-vitamin D faster than normal, which can leave less of it circulating in your body. For people on rifampin for more than a year, especially those not getting much vitamin D from food or sunlight, this has been linked to bone-softening problems in some cases. This is rated a moderate depletion concern, so it is worth a conversation with your pharmacist or doctor about whether monitoring or a supplement makes sense for you.
References (5)
- Williams SE, Wardman AG, Taylor GA, et al. Long term study of the effect of rifampicin and isoniazid on vitamin D metabolism. Tubercle 1985;66:49-54. PubMed
- Kovacs CS, Jones G, Yendt ER. Primary hyperparathyroidism masked by antituberculous therapy-induced vitamin D deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1994;41:831-8. PubMed
- Perry W, Erooga MA, Brown J, Stamp TC. Calcium metabolism during rifampicin and isoniazid therapy for tuberculosis. J R Soc Med 1982;75:533-6. PubMed
- Shah SC, Sharma RK, Hemangini, Chitle AR. Rifampicin induced osteomalacia. Tubercle 1981;62:207-9. PubMed
- Brodie MJ, Boobis AR, Hillyard CJ, et al. Effect of rifampicin and isoniazid on vitamin D metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982;32:525-30. PubMed
Sennosides (OTC drug)
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Senokot XTRA, Senokot
Prolonged use of high doses of stimulant laxatives can reduce dietary vitamin D and calcium absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and osteomalacia. Advise patients to limit stimulant laxatives to short-term use of recommended doses.
Vitamin D is something your body needs to absorb calcium and keep bones strong, and here is the concern with senna laxatives: when taken in high doses over a long stretch of time, they can speed food and nutrients through your gut so quickly that your intestines do not have a chance to absorb vitamin D properly. This is rated as a moderate depletion, so it is mostly a concern for people using senna regularly for weeks or months rather than occasionally. If that sounds like your situation, it is worth having a conversation with your pharmacist or doctor about whether your vitamin D levels should be checked.
References (1)
- Frier BM, Scott RD. Osteomalacia and arthropathy associated with prolonged abuse of purgatives. Br J Clin Pract 1977;31:17-9. DOI
Sodium Picosulfate, Citric Acid, Magnesium Oxide (OTC drug)
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Pico-Salax
Prolonged use of high doses of stimulant laxatives can reduce dietary vitamin D and calcium absorption, leading to hypocalcemia and osteomalacia. Advise patients to limit stimulant laxatives to short-term use of recommended doses.
Vitamin D is something your body needs to absorb calcium and keep bones strong, and there is a real concern about it when stimulant laxatives like this one are used for a long time. Speeding food through the gut repeatedly can interfere with how well the intestines take up fat-soluble nutrients, including vitamin D, so levels can slip over time. This is rated as moderate depletion, meaning it is worth taking seriously if you use this product regularly rather than just occasionally. Ask your pharmacist or doctor whether your vitamin D level should be checked and whether a supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Frier BM, Scott RD. Osteomalacia and arthropathy associated with prolonged abuse of purgatives. Br J Clin Pract 1977;31:17-9. DOI
Full nutrient report for Sodium Picosulfate, Citric Acid, Magnesium Oxide (OTC drug) →
Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, Efavirenz
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Atripla
Efavirenz-based antiretroviral regimens can reduce plasma levels of vitamin D. The reduction in vitamin D levels occurs within the first 6 months after initiation of antiretroviral therapy, with no subsequent reductions seen between 6 and 12 months after therapy initiation. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D is something your body needs to build strong bones and keep your immune system working well, and the efavirenz component of this regimen appears to be the main reason levels can dip. Efavirenz speeds up liver enzymes that break vitamin D down faster than normal, so less of it stays active in the bloodstream. Research suggests this drop tends to happen within the first six months of starting therapy and then levels seem to stabilize. Because this is rated as a moderate concern, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether a simple blood test or vitamin D supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Havers FP, Detrick B, Cardoso SW, et al. Change in Vitamin D levels occurs early after antiretroviral therapy initiation and depends on treatment regimen in resource-limited settings. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 21;9(4):e95164. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Tenofovir, Emtricitabine, Efavirenz →
Triamcinolone
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Aristocort, Kenacort, Adcortyl Intra-articular / Intradermal
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Triamcinolone is a corticosteroid, and long-term use of corticosteroids can interfere with how your body handles calcium and builds bone, partly by reducing how well vitamin D does its job of helping calcium get absorbed in the gut. The bone loss risk is most significant at higher doses used for six months or longer. Because this rating is 'Moderate,' some people on extended therapy genuinely do benefit from vitamin D and calcium support, though not everyone needs it. If you take triamcinolone regularly, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether your dose and duration put you in that group.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
Triamcinolone Acetonide
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Zilretta, Xipere
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and keep your bones strong, so when levels drop, your skeleton is the first thing that pays the price. Triamcinolone acetonide is a corticosteroid, and corticosteroids can interfere with how well your gut absorbs vitamin D while also disrupting the way your body uses calcium to build and maintain bone. This is rated as moderate depletion, meaning it is a real concern for people using this medication at higher doses or for several months or longer. If that sounds like your situation, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether a vitamin D supplement makes sense for you.
References (1)
- Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
This tool is educational and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. An association is not a diagnosis and does not mean a deficiency will occur. Always talk to your pharmacist or healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication or supplement.
Disclaimer: This checker finds which nutrients might be depleted by prescription or over-the-counter medications. Each nutrient depletion issue is rated based on clinical significance. Use your own professional judgment prior to making clinical decisions.© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center Licensed records refresh weekly · last updated July 3, 2026.
What drug-induced nutrient depletion means
Some medications can, over time, lower the levels of certain vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients — through reduced absorption, increased loss, or changes in how the body uses them.
Association is not deficiency
An entry here means a depletion has been reported or studied — not that it happens to everyone, or that you are deficient. Dose, duration, diet, and your own health all matter.
Evidence varies by pair
Some drug–nutrient links (like metformin and vitamin B12) are well studied; others rest on limited or preliminary research. Each entry shows the evidence rating from our licensed clinical database.
When to ask about labs
If you take an associated medication long-term, ask your healthcare provider whether monitoring is appropriate for you. Not everyone needs testing — your provider can weigh your dose, duration, and symptoms.
Don't self-supplement blindly
Supplements are not risk-free: some can interact with medications, and some (like potassium or magnesium) can be risky with kidney disease. Talk to your pharmacist before adding anything.
Never stop a medication over this
These medications are prescribed for good reasons, and the benefit usually far outweighs a manageable nutrient consideration. Any change belongs in a conversation with your prescriber.
Food first, usually
For many nutrients, a varied diet covers the gap. Each entry lists common food sources; a supplement is a decision to make with your pharmacist or provider, not a default.
VITAMIN D & medications: FAQs
Which medications can lower VITAMIN D?
I take one of these medications — am I deficient in VITAMIN D?
Should I start a VITAMIN D supplement?
Where does this information come from?
Other commonly implicated nutrients
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Sources & How We Checked
Medication associations with VITAMIN D are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database, and are displayed as published with their citations.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference for drug-induced nutrient depletions, supplements, and interactions — the basis for this page.
- MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine — NIH consumer drug information, used for medication overviews across the site.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.