Drug-induced nutrient depletion

Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate & Nutrient Depletion

Also searched as Dymista. What the clinical evidence reports, what it may mean, and what to discuss with your pharmacist.

8Nutrient associations
Insignificant DepletionHighest rating
The bottom line

Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate has been associated with depletion of ZINC, CALCIUM, CHROMIUM and MAGNESIUM and 4 more. This does not mean a deficiency will occur — it means these are worth knowing about and, if you take Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate long-term, worth raising with your pharmacist or healthcare provider.

Take more than one medication? Open the checker with Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate pre-loaded and add the rest to see overlapping nutrient signals.

The evidence

Reported nutrient depletions with Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate

Each record below is shown as published in our licensed clinical database, with its evidence rating and citations. Expand a section for food sources and talking points.

ZINC

Insignificant Depletion

CORTICOSTEROIDS

Corticosteroids might modestly reduce zinc levels.

The pituitary-adrenal axis seems to play a role in control of serum zinc levels. There's some evidence that disruption of this axis by single large doses of corticosteroids (equivalent to 50 mg prednisone or higher), or therapy with lower doses for several months, can cause a reduction in serum zinc levels. This may reflect redistribution of zinc into the tissues, although increased urinary excretion has also been reported. Zinc supplements aren't routinely necessary with corticosteroid therapy. Monitor patients closely if they have additional risk factors for zinc deficiency.
Taking Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate? A supplement is not needed for most patients.
Dr. Brian Staiger, Pharm.D explains

Zinc helps your immune system, wound healing, and your sense of taste and smell. The fluticasone in this nasal spray is a corticosteroid, and there is some research suggesting corticosteroids can nudge zinc levels down slightly, possibly by shifting zinc from the bloodstream into body tissues or by nudging the kidneys to excrete a little more of it. Because this is an inhaled or nasal corticosteroid used in very small doses locally, any effect on zinc is considered insignificant for most people, so routine zinc supplements are not something most users need to think about. If you have other reasons to be concerned about your zinc levels, a quick conversation with your pharmacist or doctor is the right move.

What Zinc does & food sources

Zinc supports immune function, wound healing, taste and smell, and many enzyme systems.

Common food sources:

  • Meat and shellfish (especially oysters)
  • Beans and lentils
  • Nuts and seeds
  • Whole grains

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

What to discuss with your clinician

Ask about zinc status if you take an associated medication long-term and notice slow wound healing, frequent infections, or taste changes — a clinician can decide whether testing or an empiric plan makes sense.

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

Supplement considerations

Zinc competes with copper for absorption — long-term, higher-dose zinc without medical guidance can cause copper deficiency. Zinc also binds some antibiotics in the gut, so dose timing matters.

Do not start or stop medications or supplements without professional guidance — supplements can interact with prescription medications.

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

Caution: Keep zinc doses moderate and time them away from interacting medications — ask your pharmacist.

Learn more about this nutrient: Zinc — uses, safety & interactions

References (6)
  1. Yunice AA, Czerwinski AW, Lindeman RD. Influence of synthetic corticosteroids on plasma zinc and copper levels in humans. Am J Med Sci 1981;282:68-74. PubMed
  2. Scott R, Ferrie B, McLelland A, Fell GS. The effect of steroid therapy on serum trace metal levels in sub-fertile males. Urol Res 1984;12:213-5. PubMed
  3. Flynn A, Pories WJ, Strain WH, et al. Rapid serum zinc depletion associated with corticosteroid therapy. Lancet 1971;2:1169-72. PubMed
  4. Weismann K, Hoyer H. Serum zinc levels during oral glucocorticoid therapy. J Invest Dermatol 1986;86:715-6. PubMed
  5. Ellul-Micallef R, Galdes A, Fenech FF. Serum zinc levels in corticosteroid-treated asthmatic patients. Postgrad Med J 1976;52:148-50. PubMed
  6. Henkin RI, Foster DM, Aamodt RL, Berman M. Zinc metabolism in adrenal cortical insufficiency: effects of carbohydrate-active steroids. Metabolism 1984;33:491-501. PubMed

CALCIUM

Moderate Depletion

CORTICOSTEROIDS

Taking corticosteroids might reduce calcium status and increase calcium requirements.

Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg prednisone or more, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Mechanisms include decreased absorption and increased excretion of calcium, reduction in sex hormones, and inhibition of bone formation. Advise adults taking prednisone 7.5 mg/day (or equivalent doses of other corticosteroids) for six months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg/day. They may also need a vitamin D supplement (e.g., 800 IU/day). Monitor serum calcium. For information on foods that are rich in calcium, see our chart.
Taking Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate? Monitor for depletion; a supplement is needed for some patients.
Dr. Brian Staiger, Pharm.D explains

Fluticasone is a corticosteroid, and your bones depend on calcium to stay strong and dense. Long-term corticosteroid use can work against calcium in two ways: it makes the gut absorb less from food and drink, and it nudges the kidneys to let more slip out through urine. For a nasal spray used at typical doses, this concern is much smaller than it would be with a daily oral steroid pill, but it is still rated as moderate, so if you have been using this product for months, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your calcium intake is where it should be.

What Calcium does & food sources

Calcium builds and maintains bone and is essential for muscle contraction and nerve signaling.

Common food sources:

  • Dairy products (milk, yogurt, cheese)
  • Fortified plant milks and juices
  • Canned fish with bones (sardines, salmon)
  • Leafy greens like kale

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

What to discuss with your clinician

Ask your provider whether bone health monitoring (and vitamin D testing) makes sense with long-term use of an associated medication — a blood calcium level alone does not capture bone calcium status.

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

Supplement considerations

Calcium can interfere with the absorption of several medications (some antibiotics, thyroid medication, iron) — separate the doses and confirm timing with your pharmacist. Total intake from food plus supplements matters more than supplements alone.

Do not start or stop medications or supplements without professional guidance — supplements can interact with prescription medications.

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

Caution: Very high calcium intake has its own risks (kidney stones in susceptible people) — more is not better.

Learn more about this nutrient: Calcium — uses, safety & interactions

References (7)
  1. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed
  2. Lems WF, Van Veen GJ, Gerrits MI, et al. Effect of low-dose prednisolone (with calcium and calcitriol supplementation) on calcium and bone metabolism in healthy volunteers. Br J Rheumatol 1998;37:27-33.
  3. Reid DM, Kennedy NS, Smith MA, et al. Total body calcium in rheumatoid arthritis: Effects of disease activity and corticosteroid treatment. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982;285:330-2. PubMed
  4. Lems WF, Jacobs JW, Netelenbos JC, et al. [Pharmacological prevention of osteoporosis in patients on corticosteroid medication]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1998;142:1904-8.
  5. Gennari C. Differential effect of glucocorticoids on calcium absorption and bone mass. Br J Rheumatol 1993;32:11-4. PubMed
  6. Need AG, Philcox JC, Hartley TF, et al. Calcium metabolism and osteoporosis in corticosteroid-treated postmenopausal women. Aust N Z J Med 1986;16:341-6. PubMed
  7. Reid IR, Ibbertson HK. Calcium supplements in the prevention of steroid-induced osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr 1986;44:287-90. PubMed

CHROMIUM

Moderate Depletion

CORTICOSTEROIDS

Corticosteroids increase chromium excretion and can lower chromium levels.

Use of corticosteroids can increase urinary chromium excretion, which might lead to chromium deficiency and/or corticosteroid-induced hyperglycemia.
Taking Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate? Monitor for depletion; a supplement is needed for some patients.
Dr. Brian Staiger, Pharm.D explains

Fluticasone is a corticosteroid, and one thing corticosteroids are known to do is cause the kidneys to flush more chromium out through urine than they normally would. Chromium is a mineral your body uses to help insulin work properly and keep blood sugar steady, so losing more of it over time is worth paying attention to. Because this is rated as moderate depletion, long-term users of this medication have a reasonable reason to bring it up with their pharmacist or doctor, especially if blood sugar changes are a concern.

Learn more about this nutrient: Chromium — uses, safety & interactions

References (2)
  1. Ravina A, Slezak L, Mirsky N, et al. Reversal of corticosteroid-induced diabetes mellitus with supplemental chromium. Diabet Med 1999;16:164-7.
  2. Ravina A, Slezak L, Mirsky N, and et al. Control of steroid-induced diabetes with supplemental chromium. J Trace Elem Exper Med 1999;12(4):375-378. DOI

MAGNESIUM

Moderate Depletion

CORTICOSTEROIDS

Taking corticosteroids chronically increases excretion of magnesium in the urine.

Chronic use of corticosteroids increases the amount of magnesium excreted in the urine. This is thought to be due to catabolism of bone, releasing magnesium and increasing the amount available for excretion. Generally, there is not a significant effect on serum levels. For information on foods that are rich in magnesium, see our chart.
Taking Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate? Monitor for depletion; a supplement is needed for some patients.
Dr. Brian Staiger, Pharm.D explains

Magnesium is a mineral your muscles, nerves, and heart all depend on to work properly. The fluticasone in this spray is a corticosteroid, and long-term corticosteroid use can cause the body to break down bone tissue faster than usual, which releases magnesium into the bloodstream and then out through the urine at higher-than-normal levels. That said, actual blood levels often stay in the normal range for most people, so the concern here is mainly for those using it chronically. If you have been relying on this spray for a long time, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether any monitoring or dietary changes make sense for you.

What Magnesium does & food sources

Magnesium is involved in muscle and nerve function, heart rhythm, blood sugar control, and bone health.

Common food sources:

  • Nuts and seeds (almonds, pumpkin seeds)
  • Whole grains
  • Leafy green vegetables
  • Beans and legumes

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

What to discuss with your clinician

Ask whether a magnesium level is worth checking if you take an associated medication long-term — particularly with symptoms like muscle cramps, twitching, or palpitations. Blood levels do not always reflect total body stores, which is worth discussing too.

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

Supplement considerations

Magnesium supplements come in many forms and can cause loose stools at higher doses. They can also bind some medications in the gut (certain antibiotics, thyroid medication), so timing matters — check with your pharmacist.

Do not start or stop medications or supplements without professional guidance — supplements can interact with prescription medications.

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

Caution: Magnesium supplementation can be risky in kidney disease, where magnesium can accumulate — always check with a clinician first if your kidney function is reduced.

Learn more about this nutrient: Magnesium — uses, safety & interactions

References (5)
  1. Quamme GA. Renal handling of magnesium: drug and hormone interactions. Magnesium 1986;5:248-72..
  2. Kleeman CR, Levi J, Better O. Kidney and adrenocortical hormones. Nephron 1975;15:261-78.. PubMed
  3. Rolla G, Bucca C, Bugiani M, et al. Hypomagnesemia in chronic obstructive lung disease: effect of therapy. Magnes Trace Elem 1990;9:132-6..
  4. Lund B, Storm TL, Lund B, et al. Bone mineral loss, bone histomorphometry and vitamin D metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on long-term glucocorticoid treatment. Clin Rheumatol 1985;4:143-9.. PubMed
  5. Rickers H, Deding A, Christiansen C, Rodbro P. Mineral loss in cortical and trabecular bone during high-dose prednisone treatment. Calcif Tissue Int 1984;36:269-73.. PubMed

POTASSIUM

Moderate Depletion

CORTICOSTEROIDS

Corticosteroids can increase urinary potassium excretion.
Mineralocorticoids and some glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) cause sodium retention, resulting in compensatory renal potassium excretion and hypokalemia. This effect is dose-related and depends on mineralocorticoid potency. Monitor serum potassium regularly. If levels become low, change to a glucocorticoid with less mineralocorticoid activity, or give potassium supplements. For information on foods that are rich in potassium, see our chart.
Taking Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate? Monitor for depletion; a supplement is needed for some patients.
Dr. Brian Staiger, Pharm.D explains

Fluticasone is a corticosteroid, and one known effect of corticosteroids is that they can signal the kidneys to flush out more potassium than usual in the urine. Potassium is a mineral your heart, muscles, and nerves depend on to work properly. Because this combination product contains fluticasone, this is rated a moderate concern, meaning it is worth keeping an eye on rather than ignoring. If you use this medication regularly, it is reasonable to ask your doctor or pharmacist whether your potassium level should be checked.

What Potassium does & food sources

Potassium keeps nerve signals, muscle contractions, and heart rhythm working normally.

Common food sources:

  • Bananas and citrus fruits
  • Potatoes and sweet potatoes
  • Beans and lentils
  • Tomatoes and leafy greens

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

What to discuss with your clinician

Potassium is routinely checked with basic blood work. If you take a medication associated with potassium loss (like some diuretics), ask your provider how often your electrolytes should be monitored.

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

Supplement considerations

Do not start potassium supplements on your own. Both low and high potassium can affect heart rhythm, and several common medications (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, potassium-sparing diuretics) raise potassium.

Do not start or stop medications or supplements without professional guidance — supplements can interact with prescription medications.

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

Caution: Potassium supplementation can be dangerous in kidney disease or alongside potassium-raising medications — this is a decision for your prescriber, guided by lab results.

Learn more about this nutrient: Potassium — uses, safety & interactions

References (1)
  1. Garabedian-Ruffalo SM, Ruffalo RL. Drug and nutrient interactions. Am Fam Physician 1986;33:165-74.

VITAMIN D

Moderate Depletion

CORTICOSTEROIDS

Corticosteroids might reduce blood levels of vitamin D.
Corticosteroids, in daily doses equivalent to 7.5 mg or more of prednisone, cause significant bone loss, osteoporosis, and increased risk of fractures. The severity increases with duration of therapy. Although this is due mainly to disturbances in calcium homeostasis and bone formation, rather than vitamin D depletion, supplements of vitamin D are helpful to improve calcium absorption. Advise people taking corticosteroids in doses equivalent to prednisone 7.5 mg daily or more for 6 months or longer to maintain a daily calcium intake of 1500 mg, and to take a daily supplement of vitamin D 800 IU. Serum calcium should be monitored regularly. For information on foods that are rich in vitamin D, see our chart.
Taking Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate? Monitor for depletion; a supplement is needed for some patients.
Dr. Brian Staiger, Pharm.D explains

Fluticasone propionate is a corticosteroid, and corticosteroids can interfere with how the body handles vitamin D, which helps you absorb calcium and keep your bones strong. With regular or higher-dose use, this can gradually affect bone health over time, which is why this combination carries a moderate depletion rating. If you use this nasal spray long-term, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your vitamin D and calcium intake is where it should be.

What Vitamin D does & food sources

Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and supports bone, muscle, and immune health.

Common food sources:

  • Fatty fish (salmon, mackerel)
  • Fortified milk and cereals
  • Egg yolks
  • Sunlight exposure (the main natural source)

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

What to discuss with your clinician

A 25-hydroxyvitamin D blood test is the standard way to assess status — ask whether it is appropriate if you take an associated medication long-term, have limited sun exposure, or have bone concerns.

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

Supplement considerations

Vitamin D dosing varies a lot between people; some medications change how vitamin D is processed. Your provider can target a dose to your level instead of guessing.

Do not start or stop medications or supplements without professional guidance — supplements can interact with prescription medications.

HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education — separate from the licensed record above.

Caution: Vitamin D is fat-soluble and can accumulate — very high doses over time can cause harm, so follow a clinician-guided plan.

Learn more about this nutrient: Vitamin D — uses, safety & interactions

References (1)
  1. Recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. American College of Rheumatology Task Force on Osteoporosis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1791-801. PubMed

SELENIUM

Insufficient Evidence

CORTICOSTEROIDS

Corticosteroids might reduce selenium levels; however, evidence is conflicting.

Reduced plasma levels have been reported, especially with high doses of corticosteroids such as 20 to 60 mg/day of prednisolone. Other studies have shown no change in plasma levels, or even increased plasma levels, sometimes with reduced levels in tissues such as the liver. The increased plasma levels might reflect redistribution from tissues, possibly due to increases in plasma proteins which bind selenium. Increased levels could also be due to reduced selenium excretion, as a result of the mineralocorticoid effects of corticosteroids. Whether these changes in selenium levels are clinically significant is not known.
Taking Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate? Insufficient evidence to rate; clinical significance is not known.
Dr. Brian Staiger, Pharm.D explains

Selenium is a trace mineral your body uses for thyroid function, immune defense, and protecting cells from damage. The fluticasone in this nasal spray is a corticosteroid, and some studies have found that corticosteroids can shift selenium levels in the blood, though whether those levels actually go up, go down, or stay the same varies quite a bit from study to study. Because the evidence is genuinely mixed and this is a low-dose nasal spray rather than high-dose oral steroids, there is nothing here that should worry most people using it. If you have broader concerns about your selenium status, your pharmacist or doctor is a good starting point.

Learn more about this nutrient: Selenium — uses, safety & interactions

References (6)
  1. Peretz A, Neve J, Vertongen F, et al. Selenium status in relation to clinical variables and corticosteroid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1987;14:1104-7.
  2. Smith DK, Feldman EB, Feldman DS. Trace element status in multiple sclerosis. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;50:136-40. PubMed
  3. Marano G, Fischioni P, Graziano C, et al. Increased serum selenium levels in patients under corticosteroid treatment. Pharmacol Toxicol 1990;67:120-2. PubMed
  4. Koskelo EK. Serum selenium in children during anti-cancer chemotherapy. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990;44:799-802.
  5. Fenech AG, Ellul-Micallef R. Selenium, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in Maltese asthmatic patients: effect of glucocorticoid administration. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 1998;11:301-8. PubMed
  6. Watanabe C, Kim CY, Satoh H. Tissue-specific modification of selenium concentration by acute and chronic dexamethasone administration in mice. Br J Nutr 1997;78:501-9. PubMed

STRONTIUM

Insufficient Evidence

CORTICOSTEROIDS

Theoretically, corticosteroids might reduce strontium levels.
Limited data suggest urinary strontium excretion is increased after 5-6 weeks of treatment with high doses of corticosteroids (e.g., hydrocortisone 80-120 mg/day, prednisone 20-30 mg/day, dexamethasone 3mg/day, triamcinolone 12-18 mg/day). The clinical significance of this is unknown.
Taking Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate? Insufficient evidence to rate; clinical significance is not known.
Dr. Brian Staiger, Pharm.D explains

Strontium is a trace mineral that the body handles similarly to calcium, and some research hints that high doses of oral corticosteroids may cause the kidneys to excrete more of it in urine. Fluticasone in this nasal spray, though, is absorbed into the body at very low levels compared to the oral steroid doses studied, so any effect on strontium is purely theoretical here. There is not enough evidence to know whether this combination matters at all in practice, and most people using this nasal spray have no reason to be concerned. If you are curious or have questions about your mineral levels, your doctor or pharmacist is a good place to start.

Learn more about this nutrient: Strontium — uses, safety & interactions

References (1)
  1. Eisenberg E. Effects of androgens, estrogens and corticoids on strontium kinetics in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1966;26:566-72.
Important

This tool is educational and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. An association is not a diagnosis and does not mean a deficiency will occur. Always talk to your pharmacist or healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication or supplement.

Disclaimer: This checker finds which nutrients might be depleted by prescription or over-the-counter medications. Each nutrient depletion issue is rated based on clinical significance. Use your own professional judgment prior to making clinical decisions.

© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center Licensed records refresh weekly · last updated July 3, 2026.
Understand the basics

What drug-induced nutrient depletion means

Some medications can, over time, lower the levels of certain vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients — through reduced absorption, increased loss, or changes in how the body uses them.

Association is not deficiency

An entry here means a depletion has been reported or studied — not that it happens to everyone, or that you are deficient. Dose, duration, diet, and your own health all matter.

Evidence varies by pair

Some drug–nutrient links (like metformin and vitamin B12) are well studied; others rest on limited or preliminary research. Each entry shows the evidence rating from our licensed clinical database.

When to ask about labs

If you take an associated medication long-term, ask your healthcare provider whether monitoring is appropriate for you. Not everyone needs testing — your provider can weigh your dose, duration, and symptoms.

Don't self-supplement blindly

Supplements are not risk-free: some can interact with medications, and some (like potassium or magnesium) can be risky with kidney disease. Talk to your pharmacist before adding anything.

Never stop a medication over this

These medications are prescribed for good reasons, and the benefit usually far outweighs a manageable nutrient consideration. Any change belongs in a conversation with your prescriber.

Food first, usually

For many nutrients, a varied diet covers the gap. Each entry lists common food sources; a supplement is a decision to make with your pharmacist or provider, not a default.

Common questions

Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate & nutrients: FAQs

Does Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate deplete ZINC?
Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate has been associated with lower ZINC levels in the clinical literature — see the evidence rating and details above. An association is not a guarantee: dose, duration, diet, and your own health all matter. If you take Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate long-term, ask your healthcare provider whether checking your ZINC status is appropriate.
Should I take a supplement because I take Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate?
Not automatically. The right first step is usually a conversation with your pharmacist or provider — they can weigh your dose and duration, decide whether testing makes sense, and recommend food-first strategies or a supplement if genuinely needed. Some supplements can interact with medications, so do not add one without checking.
Should I stop taking Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate?
No — never stop a prescribed medication because of a nutrient association. Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate is prescribed for good reasons, and nutrient considerations are usually manageable with monitoring or diet. Any change to your medication belongs in a conversation with your prescriber.
Where does this information come from?
The depletion records come from the Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) database — an evidence-graded clinical reference — and are displayed as published, with their citations. The plain-English context is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists.

Questions about Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate and your nutrition?

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Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Nutrient depletion records for Azelastine Hydrochloride, Fluticasone Propionate are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database, and are displayed as published with their citations.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.