Medications That May Deplete RIBOFLAVIN
Riboflavin helps the body produce energy and process other B vitamins. See which medications carry a reported association, how strong the evidence is, and what to discuss with your pharmacist.
Riboflavin helps the body produce energy and process other B vitamins.
Common food sources: Dairy products and eggs; Lean meats; Fortified grains; Green vegetables.
Deficiency is uncommon with a varied diet; ask your provider if you have persistent mouth-corner cracking, sore tongue, or unexplained fatigue on a long-term associated medication.
HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education. The medication records below are licensed clinical data, shown as published.
Medications associated with RIBOFLAVIN depletion
Each record is shown as published in our licensed clinical database. Open a medication for its full nutrient report.
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Amikacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Amikin, Arikayce
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is mainly absorbed from the foods you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Amikacin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt those gut bacteria, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin on their own. That said, since dietary intake does most of the heavy lifting here, this disruption is considered insignificant in practice, and a riboflavin supplement is not something most people need while taking this medication.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Amitriptyline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Elavil
TCAs have structural similarities to riboflavin and can interfere with its conversion to the active form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In animal models, very high doses of amitriptyline and imipramine (50 mg/kg daily) decrease FAD levels in the liver, heart, and brain. Lower doses (10 mg/kg daily) only affect levels in the heart. Since these doses are higher than those used therapeutically in humans, it is unlikely that the effect is clinically significant or that supplements are necessary.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps cells working properly. Amitriptyline has a chemical shape similar enough to riboflavin that it may interfere with how the body converts riboflavin into its active, usable form. That said, this effect has really only shown up in animal studies using doses far higher than what people take, so for most patients on amitriptyline this is considered insignificant and no supplement is needed. If you ever have questions about your nutrient levels, your pharmacist or doctor is a great first stop.
References (2)
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism in rat tissues by chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline. J Clin Invest 1981;67:1500-6. PubMed
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, Rivlin RS. Cardiac sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline upon formation of flavins. Biochem Pharmacol 1982;31:3495-9.. PubMed
Amitriptyline, Chlordiazepoxide
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Limbitrol DS
TCAs have structural similarities to riboflavin and can interfere with its conversion to the active form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In animal models, very high doses of amitriptyline and imipramine (50 mg/kg daily) decrease FAD levels in the liver, heart, and brain. Lower doses (10 mg/kg daily) only affect levels in the heart. Since these doses are higher than those used therapeutically in humans, it is unlikely that the effect is clinically significant or that supplements are necessary.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. Amitriptyline shares some chemical features with riboflavin, and research suggests it may interfere with the step that turns riboflavin into its active, working form in the body. That said, this effect has really only been seen in animal studies using doses much higher than what people take, so for most patients this is not a practical concern. No action is needed for the majority of people, but if you have questions about your nutrition or this medication, your pharmacist or doctor is a great resource.
References (2)
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism in rat tissues by chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline. J Clin Invest 1981;67:1500-6. PubMed
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, Rivlin RS. Cardiac sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline upon formation of flavins. Biochem Pharmacol 1982;31:3495-9.. PubMed
Amitriptyline, Perphenazine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Triavil, Etrafon, Etrafon-A
TCAs have structural similarities to riboflavin and can interfere with its conversion to the active form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In animal models, very high doses of amitriptyline and imipramine (50 mg/kg daily) decrease FAD levels in the liver, heart, and brain. Lower doses (10 mg/kg daily) only affect levels in the heart. Since these doses are higher than those used therapeutically in humans, it is unlikely that the effect is clinically significant or that supplements are necessary.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. Amitriptyline has a chemical shape that resembles riboflavin, and research suggests it may interfere with the step that turns riboflavin into its active, usable form in the body. That said, this effect has mainly been seen in animal studies using doses far higher than what people actually take, so for most patients this is not a practical concern. No action is needed for the vast majority of people, but if you have questions about your nutrition while on this medication, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (2)
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism in rat tissues by chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline. J Clin Invest 1981;67:1500-6. PubMed
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, Rivlin RS. Cardiac sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline upon formation of flavins. Biochem Pharmacol 1982;31:3495-9.. PubMed
Amoxapine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Asendin
TCAs have structural similarities to riboflavin and can interfere with its conversion to the active form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In animal models, very high doses of amitriptyline and imipramine (50 mg/kg daily) decrease FAD levels in the liver, heart, and brain. Lower doses (10 mg/kg daily) only affect levels in the heart. Since these doses are higher than those used therapeutically in humans, it is unlikely that the effect is clinically significant or that supplements are necessary.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells running properly. Amoxapine belongs to a drug class whose molecular structure happens to look similar enough to riboflavin that it may interfere with the step that turns riboflavin into its active, working form inside the body. That said, the doses where researchers actually saw this effect in animals were far higher than anything prescribed to people, so for most patients taking amoxapine this is considered insignificant and no supplement is needed. If you ever have questions about your B vitamin intake, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (2)
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism in rat tissues by chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline. J Clin Invest 1981;67:1500-6. PubMed
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, Rivlin RS. Cardiac sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline upon formation of flavins. Biochem Pharmacol 1982;31:3495-9.. PubMed
Amoxicillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Amoxil Capsules, Trimox, Wymox
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, is mostly absorbed from the food you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. Amoxicillin can disrupt those gut bacteria, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin, but research suggests that contribution is too minor to matter much in practice. For most people taking a course of amoxicillin, this is considered an insignificant concern and no riboflavin supplement is needed. That said, if you have questions about your diet or any antibiotic you are taking, your pharmacist is always a good first stop.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Amoxicillin Veterinary
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Biomox
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Amoxicillin, like other antibiotics, can alter the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. The key word there is small: your body gets the vast majority of riboflavin from food, so this shift in gut bacteria is not considered meaningful in practice. For most people taking this medication, no extra riboflavin is needed, though your pharmacist is always a good sounding board if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Amoxicillin, Clavulanate Potassium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Augmentin, Augmentin XR, Clavulin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. Amoxicillin-clavulanate, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from the food you eat, so this interaction is considered insignificant for the vast majority of people. No extra riboflavin is needed during a typical course of this antibiotic.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Amoxicillin, Clavulanate Potassium →
Amoxicillin, Omeprazole Magnesium, Rifabutin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Talicia
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, sometimes called vitamin B2, is a nutrient your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and tissues healthy. Antibiotics like amoxicillin can disrupt the bacteria that live in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. The key word, though, is small: your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food, so this interaction is considered insignificant. Most people taking this antibiotic combination do not need a riboflavin supplement, but if you have questions, your pharmacist is a great place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Amoxicillin, Omeprazole Magnesium, Rifabutin →
Amphotericin, Tetracycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mysteclin-F
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin and cells healthy. Antibiotics like tetracycline can reduce the bacteria that normally live in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, most of what you need comes from food, so this bacterial loss does not appear to make a meaningful difference. For most people taking these antibiotics, no extra riboflavin is needed, but feel free to bring it up with your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Ampicillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Principen, Omnipen-N, Omnipen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and support healthy skin and nerves, can theoretically dip a little when you take ampicillin. The reason is that antibiotics like ampicillin can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply compared to what you get from food, so this is rated insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is needed for a typical course of ampicillin, but feel free to ask your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Ampicillin, Sulbactam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Unasyn
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin and tissues healthy. Ampicillin-sulbactam, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from the food you eat, so this disruption is considered insignificant for most people. No extra riboflavin supplement is typically needed during a course of this antibiotic, but your pharmacist is always a good resource if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Avibactam Sodium, Ceftazidime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Avycaz
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Ceftazidime/avibactam is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can shift the normal bacteria living in your gut. Those bacteria do make a small amount of riboflavin, so in theory disrupting them could nudge levels down a bit. In practice, your body gets the vast majority of riboflavin from food, not from gut bacteria, so the effect is considered insignificant for most patients. No extra supplement is needed, but if you have questions about your nutrition during treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is a great resource.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Azithromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zithromax, Zmax, Azasite
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and tissue healthy, is obtained almost entirely from what you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Azithromycin can temporarily disrupt those gut bacteria, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin, but that contribution is so minor that losing it rarely makes a real difference. For most people taking a short course of azithromycin, this is not something to worry about, and a riboflavin supplement is not needed. If you have questions about your nutrition during antibiotic therapy, your pharmacist or doctor is a good resource.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Aztreonam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Azactam
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and support healthy skin and nerves, can theoretically dip a little when you take antibiotics like aztreonam. The reason is indirect: antibiotics disrupt the natural bacteria in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply compared to what you get from food, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is generally needed during a course of aztreonam, but your pharmacist is always happy to answer questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Bacampicillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Penglobe
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is found mostly in the foods you eat rather than being made inside your gut. Bacampicillin is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can disrupt the bacteria that normally live in your intestines, which in theory could reduce a small amount of riboflavin those bacteria produce. In practice, because your diet supplies the vast majority of your riboflavin anyway, this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is generally needed, but if you have questions about your diet during a course of antibiotics, your pharmacist is a good place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Bacitracin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Baci-IM, Bacitracin Ointment, Baciguent
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. Bacitracin, like other antibiotics, can reduce the helpful bacteria living in your gut that make small amounts of riboflavin as a byproduct. That said, your body relies mainly on food for riboflavin, not on those bacteria, so this loss is considered insignificant. For most people using bacitracin, no extra riboflavin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Benznidazole
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Benznidazole is an antibiotic, and antibiotics in general can slightly reduce the amount of riboflavin that gut bacteria produce. That said, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food rather than from bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is typically needed, but if you have questions about your diet while on this medication, your pharmacist or doctor is a great resource.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Birth control pills
Insignificant DepletionOral contraceptives may interfere with the absorption of riboflavin, or its conversion to active coenzyme forms. However, studies are conflicting. Some have found reduced levels of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD, the active form of riboflavin), reduced urinary riboflavin excretion, or reduced erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity consistent with riboflavin deficiency, in females taking oral contraceptives. However, many of these studies involved females with marginal or deficient dietary riboflavin intake, who used high-dose oral contraceptives (50 mcg ethinyl estradiol/day). When dietary riboflavin intake is adequate, no interaction with oral contraceptives is found. Routine riboflavin supplementation isn't necessary in females taking oral contraceptives.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly, may be affected slightly by birth control pills. Some research suggests the pill could interfere with how the gut absorbs riboflavin or how the body activates it, but studies have been mixed, and most of the concerns showed up in women who were already not getting enough riboflavin from food and were using older, higher-dose pills. If you eat a reasonably balanced diet, this is very unlikely to be an issue for you, though your pharmacist is always happy to talk it through if you have concerns.
References (9)
- Tyrer LB. Nutrition and the pill. J Reprod Med 1984;29:547-50..
- Newman LJ, Lopez R, Cole HS, et al. Riboflavin deficiency in women taking oral contraceptive agents. Am J Clin Nutr 1978;31:247-9.. PubMed
- Sanpitak N, Chayutimonkul L. Oral contraceptives and riboflavin nutrition. Lancet 1974;1:836-7.
- Ahmed F, Bamji MS, Iyengar L. Effect of oral contraceptive agents on vitamin nutrition status. Am J Clin Nutr 1975;28:606-15.. PubMed
- Briggs M. Oral contraceptives and vitamin nutrition (letter). Lancet 1974;1:1234-5. DOI
- Mooij PN, Thomas CM, Doesburg WH, Eskes TK. Multivitamin supplementation in oral contraceptive users. Contraception 1991;44:277-88. PubMed
- Roe DA, Bogusz S, Sheu J, et al. Factors affecting riboflavin requirements of oral contraceptive users and non-users. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;35:495-501..
- Lewis CM, King JC. Effect of oral contraceptive agents on thiamin, riboflavin, and pantothenic acid status in young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1980;33:832-8..
- Vir SC, Love AH. Riboflavin nutriture of oral contraceptive users. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1979;49:286-90..
Bismuth Subsalicylate, Metronidazole, Tetracycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Helidac
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin and eyes healthy. These antibiotics can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. The good news is that your gut bacteria only contribute a minor fraction of your total riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from the foods you eat. For most people taking this combination, no extra riboflavin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Bismuth Subsalicylate, Metronidazole, Tetracycline →
Capreomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Capastat
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body relies on to convert food into usable energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is mainly absorbed from what you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Capreomycin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt those gut bacteria, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin on their own. That said, this bacterial contribution is a pretty minor piece of the puzzle, so the overall effect on your riboflavin supply is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is generally needed here, but if you have concerns about your diet or nutritional status, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Carbenicillin Indanyl Sodium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Geocillin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Carbenicillin indanyl sodium is an antibiotic, and antibiotics in general can shift the balance of bacteria living in your gut, which normally produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply compared to what you get from food, so this interaction is rated insignificant. Most people taking this antibiotic do not need a riboflavin supplement, but feel free to ask your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefaclor
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Ceclor CD, Ceclor
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, is primarily absorbed from the foods you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. Cefaclor and other antibiotics can disrupt those bacteria, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin, but that contribution is considered minor enough that your overall levels are very unlikely to be affected in any meaningful way. For most people taking this antibiotic, this is simply not something to worry about, and a riboflavin supplement is not considered necessary. If you have specific concerns, your pharmacist or doctor is a great resource.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefadroxil
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Duricef, Ultracef, Cef-Tab
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body needs for turning food into energy and keeping skin and eyes healthy, is mostly absorbed from what you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. Cefadroxil and other antibiotics can disrupt those bacteria, which in theory reduces a small backup source of riboflavin, but research suggests this barely affects your overall levels. The evidence rates this as insignificant, meaning most people taking a short antibiotic course do not need to worry or take a supplement. If you have any concerns, a quick conversation with your pharmacist is all you need.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefamandole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mandol
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Like other antibiotics, cefamandole can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of riboflavin. The thing is, that bacterial contribution is pretty minor compared to what you get from food, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is needed, but if you have questions about your diet while taking this antibiotic, your pharmacist is a great resource.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefazolin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Ancef
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, is something cefazolin has been loosely linked to lowering. The thinking is that antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. In practice, though, your gut flora's contribution is pretty minor compared to what you get from food, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is typically needed during a short course of cefazolin, but if you have questions about your diet or nutritional status, your pharmacist or doctor is a great person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefdinir
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Omnicef
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and keeping skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. Like other antibiotics, cefdinir can affect the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of riboflavin from food, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No extra supplement is needed during a short course of cefdinir, but if you have questions about your diet or vitamin intake, your pharmacist is happy to help.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefditoren Pivoxil
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Spectracef
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Cefditoren pivoxil, like other antibiotics, can temporarily shift the balance of bacteria in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, most of your riboflavin comes from the food you eat, so this effect is considered insignificant for the vast majority of patients. No riboflavin supplement is typically needed while taking this antibiotic, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefepime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Maxipime
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Cefepime, like other antibiotics, can reduce the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of riboflavin. The catch is that your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply compared to what you get from food, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is needed while taking cefepime, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefiderocol Sulfate Tosylate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Fetroja
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and keeping skin, nerves, and eyes healthy, may theoretically dip a little when you take any antibiotic, including cefiderocol. The thinking is that antibiotics can reduce the bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria make small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your riboflavin supply compared to what you get from food, so this is rated insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is needed, but if you have questions, your pharmacist is happy to talk it through.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefixime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Suprax
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and tissues healthy, is mostly absorbed through what you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. Cefixime, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your intestines, and those bacteria do produce some riboflavin. That said, since diet is your main source, any drop from this effect is considered too small to matter clinically. For most people taking cefixime, no extra riboflavin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefmetazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zefazone
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and keeping skin and nerves healthy, is mostly obtained from the foods you eat rather than from bacteria in your gut. Cefmetazole, like other antibiotics, can disrupt those gut bacteria and slightly reduce the small amount of riboflavin they produce, but this contribution to your overall supply is so minor that it rarely matters in practice. For most people taking this antibiotic, no extra riboflavin is needed. If you have any concerns, a quick conversation with your pharmacist is always a good idea.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefonicid
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Monocid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. Like other antibiotics, cefonicid can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, most of what your body needs comes from food, so this disruption is considered insignificant in practice. For the vast majority of people taking cefonicid, no extra riboflavin is needed, though feel free to mention any concerns to your pharmacist.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefoperazone
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cefobid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and eyes healthy, can technically be reduced by antibiotics like cefoperazone because these drugs disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of it. That said, those gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from food. Given the insignificant rating here, this is not a practical concern for most people taking this antibiotic, and a riboflavin supplement is not generally needed.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefotaxime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Claforan
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin and eyes healthy. Cefotaxime, like other antibiotics, can temporarily shift the balance of bacteria in your gut, and those bacteria normally make small amounts of riboflavin. Even so, because your body gets the vast majority of riboflavin from the food you eat, this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is needed for the typical course of this antibiotic, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefotetan
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cefotan
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin and cells healthy. Cefotetan, like other antibiotics, can reduce the gut bacteria that produce small amounts of riboflavin as a byproduct, but here is the reassuring part: your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food, not from those bacteria. The evidence rates this as insignificant, meaning most people taking this antibiotic have nothing to worry about and do not need a supplement. If you have any concerns, your pharmacist or doctor is always a good place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefoxitin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mefoxin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is mainly absorbed from the foods you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. Cefoxitin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria in your intestines that produce small amounts of riboflavin, but that bacterial contribution is so minor that it rarely matters in practice. For most people taking this antibiotic, a riboflavin supplement is simply not necessary. If you have concerns, a quick chat with your pharmacist can put your mind at ease.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefpodoxime Proxetil
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Vantin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. Cefpodoxime, like other antibiotics, can shift the balance of bacteria living in your gut, and some of those bacteria normally make small amounts of riboflavin. In practice though, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food, so this bacterial change is unlikely to matter much. The evidence rates this as insignificant, meaning most people taking this antibiotic do not need a riboflavin supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefprozil
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cefzil
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Cefprozil, like other antibiotics, can temporarily affect the bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes from food, so this is rated as an insignificant depletion for most people. No extra supplement is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Ceftazidime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Fortaz, Tazidime, Ceptaz
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, can technically be affected by antibiotics like ceftazidime because these drugs alter the bacteria that normally live in your gut, and those bacteria produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your diet is really what keeps your riboflavin levels up, so this bacterial change has little practical impact. For most people taking ceftazidime, this is a non-issue and no supplement is needed. If you have broader concerns about nutrition during antibiotic treatment, a quick chat with your pharmacist is always a good idea.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Ceftibuten
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cedax
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, is mainly absorbed from the foods you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Ceftibuten, like other antibiotics, can temporarily disrupt those gut bacteria, which do produce small amounts of riboflavin, but that bacterial contribution is so minor that losing it rarely makes a real difference. For most people taking a short course of ceftibuten, this is not something to worry about, and a riboflavin supplement is generally not needed. That said, if you have questions about your diet or any supplements, your pharmacist is always happy to talk it through.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Ceftizoxime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cefizox
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. Ceftizoxime, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that normally produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food rather than gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No extra supplement is needed, but if you have questions about your diet while on this antibiotic, your pharmacist is a great person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Ceftolozane Sulfate, Tazobactam Sodium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zerbaxa
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Antibiotics like this one can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. Even so, that bacterial contribution is minor compared to what you get from food, so any effect on your riboflavin levels is considered insignificant. Most people on this medication have nothing to worry about here, and a riboflavin supplement is not needed for the average patient.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Ceftolozane Sulfate, Tazobactam Sodium →
Ceftriaxone
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Rocephin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and tissues healthy, can in theory drop a little when you take antibiotics like ceftriaxone. The thinking is that antibiotics clear out some of the gut bacteria that produce small amounts of riboflavin, but those bacteria actually contribute very little to what your body needs overall since most riboflavin comes from the food you eat. The evidence rates this as insignificant, so for most people taking ceftriaxone there is nothing extra to do. No supplement is generally needed, but if you have questions about your diet or nutrition during treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is always a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cefuroxime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Ceftin, Kefurox, Zinacef
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. Cefuroxime, like other antibiotics, can temporarily alter the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food rather than gut bacteria, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is typically needed during a short course of this antibiotic, but your pharmacist is always happy to answer questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cephalexin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Keflex, Keftab, Cephalex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and cell repair, can theoretically dip a little when you take an antibiotic like cephalexin. The thinking is that antibiotics disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut, which normally produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, because your body gets most of its riboflavin from food rather than gut bacteria, this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No extra supplement is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cephapirin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cefadyl
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Cephapirin is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can disrupt the helpful bacteria that normally live in your gut, which means a small amount of riboflavin those bacteria would produce gets lost. That said, your gut bacteria only make a tiny fraction of your riboflavin anyway since most of it comes straight from what you eat, so this effect is considered insignificant for the vast majority of people. No extra riboflavin supplement is needed while taking this medication.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cephradine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Velosef, Anspor
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, can theoretically dip a little when you take an antibiotic like cephradine. The thinking is that antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply compared to what you get from food, so this is rated as insignificant and no supplement is needed for most people. If you have concerns, a quick chat with your pharmacist is always a good idea.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Chloramphenicol
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Chloromycetin, Chloromycetin Ophthalmic, Chloromycetin Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body relies on for turning food into energy and keeping skin and nerves healthy, can theoretically dip a little when you take chloramphenicol. The antibiotic alters the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your diet supplies the vast majority of what your body needs, so this is considered an insignificant concern for most people. No riboflavin supplement is typically needed during a course of chloramphenicol, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Chlortetracycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Aureomycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin and eyes healthy, can theoretically dip a little when you take an antibiotic like chlortetracycline. The thinking is that antibiotics knock back the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria make small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute only a tiny fraction of the riboflavin you get, and the rest comes easily from everyday foods like dairy, eggs, and leafy greens. The evidence rates this as insignificant, so for most people taking chlortetracycline there is really nothing extra to do, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cinoxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cinobac
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. Cinoxacin is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics, it can alter the natural bacteria living in your gut that produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria actually contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from the foods you eat. This interaction is rated insignificant, meaning the large majority of people taking cinoxacin have no reason to add a riboflavin supplement, though your pharmacist is always a good person to ask if you have concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Ciprofloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cipro, Ciprobay, Cipro XR
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Ciprofloxacin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since you get the vast majority from food, so this is rated insignificant. For most people taking ciprofloxacin, no extra riboflavin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Clarithromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Biaxin, Biaxin XL
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses for energy production and keeping your skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. Clarithromycin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of riboflavin from food, not from gut bacteria, so this disruption has not been shown to matter in any meaningful way. For most people taking clarithromycin, no extra riboflavin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Clinafloxacin
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body counts on for turning food into energy and keeping your skin and nerves healthy. Clinafloxacin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of riboflavin, but here's the reassuring part: your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from the food you eat, not from those bacteria. The evidence rates this as insignificant, meaning a supplement is not considered necessary for most people taking this antibiotic. As always, if you have concerns about your nutrition during treatment, a quick chat with your pharmacist or doctor can put your mind at ease.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Clindamycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cleocin, Dalacin C, Cleocin T Gel
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is mainly absorbed from the food you eat rather than produced by gut bacteria. Clindamycin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your intestines, and those bacteria do make a small amount of riboflavin. Even so, that bacterial contribution is considered minor, so any dip in riboflavin levels is not expected to be meaningful in practice. For most people taking a course of clindamycin, there is no need to add a riboflavin supplement, but feel free to bring it up with your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Clofazimine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Lamprene
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, comes almost entirely from what you eat rather than from bacteria in your gut. Clofazimine, like other antibiotics, can shift the normal balance of gut bacteria, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. The thing is, that bacterial contribution is so minor that disrupting it does not appear to matter much in practice. This interaction is rated insignificant, so most people taking clofazimine do not need a riboflavin supplement, though you are always welcome to bring it up with your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Clomipramine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Anafranil, Anafranil SR
TCAs have structural similarities to riboflavin and can interfere with its conversion to the active form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In animal models, very high doses of amitriptyline and imipramine (50 mg/kg daily) decrease FAD levels in the liver, heart, and brain. Lower doses (10 mg/kg daily) only affect levels in the heart. Since these doses are higher than those used therapeutically in humans, it is unlikely that the effect is clinically significant or that supplements are necessary.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a nutrient your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. Clomipramine belongs to a class of antidepressants that share a chemical shape similar to riboflavin, and that structural overlap may interfere with how the body activates riboflavin into its working form. That said, this effect has mainly shown up in animal studies using doses far higher than what people take, so for most patients this is considered insignificant and no supplement is needed. If you have concerns, it is always fine to bring it up with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (2)
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism in rat tissues by chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline. J Clin Invest 1981;67:1500-6. PubMed
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, Rivlin RS. Cardiac sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline upon formation of flavins. Biochem Pharmacol 1982;31:3495-9.. PubMed
Cloxacillin Sodium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Tegopen, Cloxi, Cloxapen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, can theoretically dip a little when you take an antibiotic like cloxacillin. The thinking is that antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from food, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is typically needed, but if you have questions about your diet while on antibiotics, your pharmacist is a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Colistimethate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Coly-Mycin M
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and keeping skin and tissues healthy, is obtained almost entirely from the foods you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Colistimethate, like other antibiotics, can disrupt those gut bacteria, which do make a small amount of riboflavin, but that contribution is so minor that losing it rarely matters. For most people taking this medication, this is considered an insignificant concern and no supplement is needed. That said, if you have questions about your nutrition during treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is a great resource.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cyclacillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cyclapen-W, Cylcapen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and keeping skin and nerves healthy, may theoretically dip a little when you take an antibiotic like cyclacillin. The idea is that antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of riboflavin, but here is the reassuring part: your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food anyway, so losing that bacterial contribution rarely matters. For most people taking a short course of cyclacillin, this is not something to worry about, and no supplement is typically needed. That said, if you have any concerns, your pharmacist is always a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Cycloserine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Seromycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, can theoretically dip when taking antibiotics like cycloserine because these medicines may disrupt the gut bacteria that produce small amounts of it. That said, most of your riboflavin comes from food, not bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for the vast majority of people. No supplement is typically needed during cycloserine therapy, but if you have questions about your diet or nutrition, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Dalbavancin Hydrochloride
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Dalvance
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, nerves, and eyes healthy. Dalbavancin is an antibiotic, and antibiotics in general can slightly reduce the amount of riboflavin that bacteria in your gut would otherwise produce. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your riboflavin supply anyway since you get most of it from food, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is typically needed during treatment with this medication, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Dapsone
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Avlosulfon, Aczone
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, may dip slightly when taking an antibiotic like dapsone, because antibiotics can disrupt the gut bacteria that produce small amounts of it. That said, this bacterial production is a minor source compared to what you get from food, so the effect is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is generally needed during dapsone therapy, but if you have any concerns, your pharmacist or doctor is the right person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Daptomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cubicin, Dapzura RT
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin, nerves, and eyes healthy. Like other antibiotics, daptomycin may slightly reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of riboflavin on their own. In practice, though, your diet does the heavy lifting when it comes to riboflavin, so this is considered an insignificant concern for most patients. No supplement is generally needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Demeclocycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Declomycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, can theoretically dip a little when you take antibiotics like demeclocycline. The thinking is that antibiotics may disrupt the bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your diet is really where most of your riboflavin comes from, so this bacterial contribution is considered pretty minor. The evidence rates this as insignificant for most people, meaning a riboflavin supplement is generally not needed during a course of demeclocycline.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Desipramine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Norpramin, Pertofrane
TCAs have structural similarities to riboflavin and can interfere with its conversion to the active form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In animal models, very high doses of amitriptyline and imipramine (50 mg/kg daily) decrease FAD levels in the liver, heart, and brain. Lower doses (10 mg/kg daily) only affect levels in the heart. Since these doses are higher than those used therapeutically in humans, it is unlikely that the effect is clinically significant or that supplements are necessary.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells running properly. Desipramine belongs to a drug class that shares a similar chemical shape to riboflavin, and there is some evidence it can interfere with the step that turns riboflavin into its active, working form inside the body. That said, this effect has mainly been seen in animal studies using doses far higher than what people take, so for most patients this is considered insignificant and no supplement is typically needed. If you have any concerns, it is always fine to bring them up with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (2)
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism in rat tissues by chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline. J Clin Invest 1981;67:1500-6. PubMed
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, Rivlin RS. Cardiac sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline upon formation of flavins. Biochem Pharmacol 1982;31:3495-9.. PubMed
Dicloxacillin Injection
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Dynapen Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. Dicloxacillin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, the gut bacteria contribution to your riboflavin supply is quite minor since most of it comes from what you eat, so this interaction is rated insignificant. For the vast majority of people receiving this antibiotic, no extra riboflavin is needed, but feel free to ask your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Dicloxacillin Sodium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Dynapen, Pathocil, Dycill
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, sometimes called vitamin B2, is a nutrient your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin and eyes healthy. Dicloxacillin is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can disrupt the helpful bacteria that normally live in your gut, which do produce small amounts of riboflavin on their own. That said, most of what your body needs comes from food, not from gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No extra riboflavin is typically needed while you are taking this medication, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Dirithromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Dynabac
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, comes almost entirely from what you eat rather than from gut bacteria. Dirithromycin, like other antibiotics, can temporarily shift the normal bacteria living in your intestines, and those bacteria do make a small amount of riboflavin on their own. Because that bacterial contribution is so minor compared to what a normal diet provides, this interaction is considered insignificant for most people, and a riboflavin supplement is not needed during a course of this antibiotic.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Doripenem
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Doribax
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Doripenem is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, which normally produce small amounts of riboflavin on their own. That said, your gut bacteria are not a major source of this vitamin anyway since most of it comes straight from the foods you eat, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is needed during a course of doripenem, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Doxycycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Vibra-Tabs, Vibramycin, Doryx
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body needs to convert food into energy and keep your skin and cells healthy. Doxycycline, like other antibiotics, can affect the helpful bacteria living in your gut that normally produce small amounts of riboflavin as a byproduct. Here is the reassuring part: your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food anyway, so that bacterial contribution is pretty minor. For most people taking doxycycline, this is not a practical concern and a riboflavin supplement is not called for, though your pharmacist is always happy to talk it through if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Doxycycline Hyclate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Acticlate, Acticlate Cap, Lymepak
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. Doxycycline, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes from what you eat, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is needed during a course of doxycycline, but if you have questions about your diet or a specific concern, your pharmacist is a great place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Doxycycline monohydrate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Erfacea
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your cells working properly. Doxycycline, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. The key word there is small: your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food, so this disruption has not been shown to cause any meaningful drop in your levels. For most people taking doxycycline, there is nothing to worry about here, and no supplement is needed.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Doxycyline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Doxychel
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and eyes healthy, can technically be affected by doxycycline because antibiotics may shift the bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, this effect is rated insignificant, because your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food rather than from gut bacteria. For most people taking doxycycline, there is no need to worry about this or reach for a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Enoxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Penetrex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Enoxacin, like other antibiotics, can temporarily disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from the food you eat, so this bacterial disruption is considered insignificant in practice. For most people taking enoxacin, no extra riboflavin is needed, but if you have concerns, your pharmacist is a great first stop.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Ertapenem
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Invanz
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Ertapenem is an antibiotic, and antibiotics in general can reduce the number of helpful bacteria living in your gut, which normally produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply compared to the food you eat, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is needed for the typical course of this medication, but your pharmacist is always happy to answer questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Erythromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Erythro S, PCE, E-Mycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses for energy production and keeping skin and nerves healthy, is absorbed mainly through the food you eat. Erythromycin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, since your diet does most of the heavy lifting here, losing that bacterial contribution is not considered meaningful for most people. This interaction is rated insignificant, so extra riboflavin is not something you need to worry about during a course of erythromycin.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include E.E.S. 400, E.E.S. Chewable, Wyamycin S
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a nutrient your body needs to convert food into energy and keep your skin and tissues healthy. Erythromycin, like other antibiotics, can temporarily shift the mix of bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of riboflavin from food rather than gut bacteria, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No extra riboflavin supplement is needed while taking this antibiotic, but if you have any concerns, a quick chat with your pharmacist is always a good idea.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate, Sulfisoxazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pediazole
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin and nerves working properly. This antibiotic combination can mildly disrupt the helpful bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of riboflavin, but here is the reassuring part: your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food, not from gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant. For most people taking this medication, no extra riboflavin is needed. If you have concerns, a quick conversation with your pharmacist can put your mind at ease.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate, Sulfisoxazole →
Erythromycin Gluceptate
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body counts on for turning food into usable energy and keeping your skin and tissues healthy. There is some thought that antibiotics like erythromycin gluceptate might slightly lower riboflavin by disrupting the friendly bacteria in your gut that normally produce small amounts of it. That said, your gut bacteria are only a minor source of riboflavin anyway since most of what you need comes straight from food, so this interaction is rated as insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is expected to be necessary here, but if you ever have questions about your diet or vitamins while on an antibiotic, your pharmacist is a great first stop.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Erythromycin Lactobionate
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and eyes healthy, can theoretically dip when you take antibiotics like erythromycin lactobionate. The thinking is that antibiotics disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. In practice, though, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from the foods you eat, so this is rated as an insignificant concern. For the vast majority of people taking this antibiotic, no extra riboflavin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Erythromycin Stearate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Erythro-S, Erythrocin, Ethril
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin and nerves healthy. Erythromycin, like other antibiotics, can affect the friendly bacteria that live in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. The thing is, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from food like eggs, dairy, and leafy greens. For most people taking a course of erythromycin, this is not a concern worth acting on, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Erythromycin, Sulfisoxazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Eryzole
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Antibiotics like erythromycin and sulfisoxazole can alter the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. The key word, though, is small: your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from the food you eat, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No extra supplementation is typically needed, but if you have questions about your diet or a specific concern, your pharmacist is a great person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Fidaxomicin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Dificid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, is obtained mainly from the foods you eat rather than from gut bacteria. Fidaxomicin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your intestines, and those bacteria do make a small amount of riboflavin. That said, this bacterial contribution appears to be minor, and the overall effect on your riboflavin levels is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is typically needed during a short course of fidaxomicin, but feel free to mention any concerns to your pharmacist.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Finafloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Xtoro
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is obtained almost entirely from what you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Like other antibiotics, finafloxacin can disrupt those gut bacteria, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin, but that bacterial contribution is so minor that losing it rarely causes any real shortage. For most people taking finafloxacin, this is not something to worry about, and a riboflavin supplement is generally not needed. If you have questions about your diet or nutrient levels, your pharmacist or doctor is a great person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Flucloxacillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Staphylex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body needs for energy production and healthy cells, is obtained mostly from food rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Flucloxacillin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt those gut bacteria, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin, but that bacterial contribution appears to be too minor to matter much in practice. The evidence rates this as insignificant, meaning a supplement is not something most people taking this antibiotic need to worry about. That said, if you have questions about your diet or are on a longer course, your pharmacist is always happy to talk it through.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Fosfomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Monurol
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, can technically dip when you take antibiotics like fosfomycin. The reason is that antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, this bacterial contribution is pretty minor compared to what you get from food, so the effect is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is generally needed during a short course of fosfomycin, but if you have questions, your pharmacist is always a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Furazolidone
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Furoxone
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, the B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and eyes healthy, could theoretically dip a little while taking furazolidone. As an antibiotic, furazolidone can disrupt the bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce some riboflavin. The catch is that bacterial production contributes very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it simply comes from food. Given the insignificant rating here, a riboflavin supplement is not something most people need to think about while on this medication.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Gatifloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Tequin, Tequin Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, is obtained mostly from the foods you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Gatifloxacin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt those gut bacteria, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin, but that contribution appears to be too minor to matter in a real-world sense. For most people taking this antibiotic, this is not a concern worth acting on, and a riboflavin supplement is not something you would typically need. If you have questions specific to your situation, your pharmacist is always a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Gemifloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Factive
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin and nerves healthy, may technically dip a little when you take an antibiotic like gemifloxacin. The thinking is that antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of riboflavin, but here is the reassuring part: your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply anyway, since most of it comes straight from the foods you eat. This interaction is rated insignificant, so for the short course most people take gemifloxacin, there is nothing extra you need to do.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Gentamicin (IV)
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Garamycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Gentamicin, like other antibiotics, can alter the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of riboflavin from the food you eat, so this bacterial change is unlikely to matter much in practice. The evidence rates this as insignificant, meaning most patients receiving gentamicin do not need a riboflavin supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Grepafloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Raxar
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and keeping skin and nerves healthy, can theoretically dip a little when you take an antibiotic like grepafloxacin. The thinking is that antibiotics can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce some riboflavin. That said, most of what your body needs comes from food, not gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant in practice. For most people taking grepafloxacin, no extra riboflavin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Imipenem, Cilastatin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Primaxin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses for energy production and keeping skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. With imipenem/cilastatin, the concern is that antibiotics can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your gut flora contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since you get the vast majority from food. This connection is rated insignificant, so most people taking this antibiotic do not need a supplement, though you are always welcome to check with your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Imipenem, Cilastatin, Relebactam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Recarbrio
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body counts on for turning food into energy and keeping your skin and nerves healthy. With antibiotics like this one, there is a theory that disrupting the natural bacteria in your gut could trim the small amount of riboflavin those bacteria produce, but here is the reassuring part: your gut bacteria contribute very little to your riboflavin supply anyway, since most of it comes straight from the food you eat. The evidence rates this as insignificant, so for most people taking this antibiotic, no extra riboflavin is needed.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Imipramine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Tofranil, Tofranil PM
TCAs have structural similarities to riboflavin and can interfere with its conversion to the active form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In animal models, very high doses of amitriptyline and imipramine (50 mg/kg daily) decrease FAD levels in the liver, heart, and brain. Lower doses (10 mg/kg daily) only affect levels in the heart. Since these doses are higher than those used therapeutically in humans, it is unlikely that the effect is clinically significant or that supplements are necessary.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body needs to produce energy and keep cells working properly. Imipramine shares a similar chemical shape to riboflavin, and there is some evidence it can interfere with how the body converts riboflavin into its active, usable form. That said, this effect has really only been seen in animal studies using doses far higher than what people actually take, so for most patients this is considered insignificant. No action is needed for the vast majority of people, but if you have questions about your nutrition while on imipramine, your pharmacist or doctor is a good place to start.
References (2)
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism in rat tissues by chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline. J Clin Invest 1981;67:1500-6. PubMed
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, Rivlin RS. Cardiac sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline upon formation of flavins. Biochem Pharmacol 1982;31:3495-9.. PubMed
Isoniazid, Rifampin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Rifamate
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and keeping skin and nerves healthy, is mostly absorbed from the foods you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. When antibiotics like isoniazid and rifampin alter the normal bacteria living in your gut, that bacterial source of riboflavin can drop a little, but since diet is the real supplier, this rarely adds up to anything meaningful. The evidence rates this as insignificant for most people, so a riboflavin supplement is generally not needed during this therapy. That said, if you have questions about your nutrition while on these medications, your pharmacist or doctor is a good place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Kanamycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Kantrex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is mainly absorbed from the foods you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. Kanamycin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is so modest that losing it does not appear to matter much for most people. This one is rated insignificant, so a riboflavin supplement is generally not needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Lansoprazole, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Prevpac
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body needs to turn food into energy and keep your skin and nerves healthy. When antibiotics like amoxicillin and clarithromycin are used, they can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally make a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from the food you eat, so this bacterial disruption is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is typically needed during this antibiotic therapy, but if you have questions about your diet or nutrient intake, your pharmacist or doctor is a great person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Lansoprazole, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin →
Lefamulin Acetate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Xenleta
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, sometimes called vitamin B2, is something your body counts on for turning food into usable energy and keeping your skin and tissues healthy. Lefamulin is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics, it can affect the bacteria that normally live in your gut, which produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, most of what your body needs comes from food anyway, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people taking this medication. No riboflavin supplement is generally needed during a course of lefamulin, but if you have questions about your diet or nutrition, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Levofloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Levaquin, Levaquin Injection, Leva-pak
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Levofloxacin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of riboflavin. That said, most of what your body needs comes from food, not gut bacteria, so this is considered an insignificant effect. Most people taking levofloxacin do not need to take a riboflavin supplement, but if you have questions, your pharmacist is happy to talk it through.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Levofloxacin (ophthalmic)
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Levofloxacin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, eyes, and nervous system working properly. In theory, antibiotics can nudge riboflavin levels down slightly by disrupting the gut bacteria that produce a small amount of it, but the bulk of what you need comes from food, not from bacteria. With levofloxacin eye drops in particular, the amount absorbed into your body is minimal, making this even less of a concern. The evidence rates this as insignificant, so most people using this medication do not need to think about riboflavin supplementation at all.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Lincomycin HCl
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Lincocin, Lincorex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is mostly absorbed from the food you eat rather than from gut bacteria. Lincomycin is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your intestines that make small amounts of riboflavin. That said, since dietary sources do the heavy lifting here, this disruption is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is generally needed while taking this medication, though your pharmacist is always a good person to check with if you have specific concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Linezolid
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zyvox, Zyvox Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin and nerves healthy. Linezolid is an antibiotic, and antibiotics can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, which normally produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of riboflavin from food, not gut bacteria, so this interaction is rated insignificant. Most people taking linezolid do not need a riboflavin supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Lofepramine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Feprapax, Lomont, Gamanil
TCAs have structural similarities to riboflavin and can interfere with its conversion to the active form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In animal models, very high doses of amitriptyline and imipramine (50 mg/kg daily) decrease FAD levels in the liver, heart, and brain. Lower doses (10 mg/kg daily) only affect levels in the heart. Since these doses are higher than those used therapeutically in humans, it is unlikely that the effect is clinically significant or that supplements are necessary.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your cells working properly. Lofepramine belongs to a class of antidepressants that share a chemical shape similar to riboflavin, and there is some evidence they can interfere with the step that turns riboflavin into its active, usable form in the body. That said, this effect has mainly been seen in animal studies using doses far higher than what people actually take, so the concern is considered insignificant for most patients. No action is needed for the majority of people, but if you have questions about your nutrition while on this medication, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (2)
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism in rat tissues by chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline. J Clin Invest 1981;67:1500-6. PubMed
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, Rivlin RS. Cardiac sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline upon formation of flavins. Biochem Pharmacol 1982;31:3495-9.. PubMed
Lomefloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Maxaquin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, eyes, and nervous system healthy. Lomefloxacin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the bacteria that normally live in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from the foods you eat. For the vast majority of people taking this antibiotic, no extra riboflavin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Loracarbef
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Lorabid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. Loracarbef, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, because your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from the food you eat, this disruption is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is needed for a typical course of this antibiotic, but ask your pharmacist if you have questions about your diet or nutrition.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Meropenem
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Merrem IV
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is mainly absorbed from what you eat rather than produced by gut bacteria. Meropenem, like other antibiotics, can disrupt those bacteria, which do make a small amount of riboflavin on their own, but that bacterial contribution is considered minor enough that your overall riboflavin levels are unlikely to drop in any meaningful way. For most people, this is a reassuring non-issue, and extra riboflavin is not considered necessary during a course of this antibiotic.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Meropenem, Vaborbactam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Vabomere
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and keeping skin and nerves healthy, is mainly supplied through the foods you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Meropenem with vaborbactam is an antibiotic, and antibiotics can disrupt those gut bacteria, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin on their own. That said, because diet is your real source of this vitamin, losing that tiny bacterial contribution is not considered meaningful. The evidence rates this as insignificant, so most patients do not need a riboflavin supplement during this treatment.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Methacycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Rondomycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and eyes healthy, is mainly absorbed from the foods you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. Methacycline, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your intestines, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, since your diet does most of the heavy lifting here, this disruption is not considered clinically meaningful for most people. No riboflavin supplement is typically needed while taking this antibiotic, but if you have questions about your specific situation, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Methenamine Hippurate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Urex, Hiprex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses for energy production and keeping skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. Methenamine hippurate is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can affect the friendly bacteria living in your gut that normally make a small amount of riboflavin on their own. That said, most of the riboflavin your body needs comes from the food you eat, not from gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is typically needed while taking this medication, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Methenamine Mandelate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mandelamine, Methimazole
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and tissues healthy, may technically dip a little when you take methenamine mandelate because antibiotics can reduce the bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of it. That said, your gut bacteria aren't really your main source of riboflavin anyway since you get the bulk of it from food, so this is considered an insignificant depletion. For most people on this medication, there is nothing extra to do, but if you have questions about your diet or whether a supplement makes sense for you personally, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Methenamine Mandelate, Potassium Acid Phosphate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Thiacide
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. This medication can alter the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from what you eat, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is typically needed, but if you have questions about your diet or nutrition while on this medication, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Methenamine Mandelate, Potassium Acid Phosphate →
Methenamine Mandelate, Sodium Acid Phosphate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Uroquid-Acid No. 2
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin and nerves healthy. This antibiotic combination may slightly reduce the amount of riboflavin that gut bacteria produce, but here is the reassuring part: your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from the food you eat, not from bacteria in your gut. The evidence rates this as insignificant, so most people taking this medication do not need to add a supplement. If you have any concerns, your pharmacist or doctor is a great person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Methenamine Mandelate, Sodium Acid Phosphate →
Methenamine, Phenyl Salicylate, Methylene Blue
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Prosed DS
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin and tissues healthy. This combination product contains an antibiotic component that may slightly reduce the amount of riboflavin bacteria in your gut would normally produce, but here is the reassuring part: your gut bacteria contribute very little to your riboflavin supply anyway, since most of it comes from food. For the vast majority of people taking this medication, no riboflavin supplement is needed, though your pharmacist or doctor can always answer questions about your specific situation.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Methenamine, Phenyl Salicylate, Methylene Blue →
Methenamine, Sodium Biphosphate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Uro-Phosphate
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Methenamine with sodium biphosphate is an antibiotic urinary medication, and like other antibiotics it can slightly reduce the bacteria in your gut that normally make small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your riboflavin supply compared to what you get from food, so this is rated as insignificant. Most people taking this medication have nothing to worry about on this front, and a riboflavin supplement is not needed for typical use.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Metronidazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Flagyl, Protostat, Nidazol
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and support healthy cells, is mainly absorbed from the foods you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. Metronidazole can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your intestines, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin, but research suggests that contribution is too minor to matter much. For most people taking this antibiotic, this is considered an insignificant concern and no riboflavin supplement is needed. That said, if you have questions about your diet or any symptoms you notice while taking metronidazole, your pharmacist or doctor is the right person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Metronidazole, Tetracyline, Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pylera
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working well. This antibiotic combination can affect the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. The key word is 'small': your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from the food you eat, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. A riboflavin supplement is not something most patients need during this therapy, but if you have questions about your diet, your pharmacist is a great person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Metronidazole, Tetracyline, Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium →
Mezlocillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mezlin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and keeping skin and tissues healthy, can technically be affected by antibiotics like mezlocillin because these drugs disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since you get the vast majority from food. The evidence rates this as insignificant, so most people taking mezlocillin have nothing to worry about and do not need a supplement. If you have questions about your diet or vitamin intake during antibiotic treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Minocycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Vectrin, Dynacin, Minocin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and tissues healthy, is mostly absorbed from the foods you eat rather than produced by gut bacteria. Minocycline, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your intestines, and those bacteria do make small amounts of riboflavin. That said, since dietary sources are what really matter here, this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is generally needed while taking minocycline, but if you have questions about your diet or any symptoms you notice, your pharmacist is a good first stop.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Minocycline Hydrochloride
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Ximino, Minolira
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy. Minocycline, like other antibiotics, can affect the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of riboflavin. The thing is, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from what you eat, so losing that tiny bacterial contribution is not considered meaningful. This is rated as an insignificant depletion, meaning most people taking minocycline do not need to worry about it or take a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Moxifloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Avelox
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. Like other antibiotics, moxifloxacin can affect the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make small amounts of riboflavin. That said, most of what your body needs comes from food, not gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant. For the average person taking a short course of moxifloxacin, no extra riboflavin is needed, but feel free to ask your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Nafcillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Nallpen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. Nafcillin, like other antibiotics, can reduce the friendly bacteria living in your gut that produce small amounts of riboflavin, though research suggests this bacterial contribution is minor since most of what your body needs comes from food anyway. For the vast majority of people taking nafcillin, this is not considered a meaningful concern and a riboflavin supplement is not something you would routinely need. If you have questions about your diet or nutritional needs during treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Nafcillin Sodium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Unipen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and eyes healthy, can theoretically dip a little when you take an antibiotic like nafcillin. The thinking is that antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make small amounts of riboflavin. In practice, though, your diet supplies the vast majority of what your body needs, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is needed during a course of nafcillin, but your pharmacist is always happy to answer questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Nalidixic Acid
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include NegGram
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and tissues healthy, can theoretically dip when you take an antibiotic like nalidixic acid. The thinking is that antibiotics disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply compared to what you get from food, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Neomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mycifradin, Neo-Fradin, Myciguent
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is mostly absorbed from the food you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. Neomycin is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut that produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, because dietary sources do most of the work here, this disruption does not appear to make a meaningful dent in your riboflavin levels for most people. This one is rated insignificant, so there is no need to worry or reach for a supplement unless your pharmacist or doctor tells you otherwise.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Netilmicin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Netromycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin and tissues healthy. Netilmicin is an antibiotic, and antibiotics in general can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from the food you eat, not from gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is typically needed, but if you have questions about your diet while on this medication, your pharmacist is a great person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Nitrofurantoin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Macrodantin, Furadantin, Furatoin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, can theoretically dip a little when you take antibiotics like nitrofurantoin. The reason is that gut bacteria normally make small amounts of riboflavin, and antibiotics can disrupt those bacteria. That said, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food, so this disruption is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is typically needed for a short course of nitrofurantoin, but if you have questions about your diet, your pharmacist is a great place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Norfloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Norflox, Noroxin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is mostly absorbed from the food you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. Norfloxacin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, because dietary intake is what really drives your riboflavin levels, this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No extra riboflavin supplement is needed for a typical course of this antibiotic, but if you have questions about your nutrition during treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is a great resource.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Nortriptyline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pamelor, Aventyl, Allegron
TCAs have structural similarities to riboflavin and can interfere with its conversion to the active form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In animal models, very high doses of amitriptyline and imipramine (50 mg/kg daily) decrease FAD levels in the liver, heart, and brain. Lower doses (10 mg/kg daily) only affect levels in the heart. Since these doses are higher than those used therapeutically in humans, it is unlikely that the effect is clinically significant or that supplements are necessary.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. Nortriptyline belongs to a drug class whose chemical structure is similar enough to riboflavin that it may interfere with the step that turns riboflavin into its active, usable form in the body. That said, this effect has really only shown up in animal studies using doses far higher than what people actually take, so for most patients this is considered insignificant and no supplement is needed. If you have any concerns, a quick conversation with your pharmacist is always a good place to start.
References (2)
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism in rat tissues by chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline. J Clin Invest 1981;67:1500-6. PubMed
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, Rivlin RS. Cardiac sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline upon formation of flavins. Biochem Pharmacol 1982;31:3495-9.. PubMed
Ofloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Oflox, Floxin, Floxin Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin and nerves healthy. Ofloxacin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria that live in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. The key word, though, is small: your diet does most of the heavy lifting for riboflavin, so this interaction is considered insignificant for the vast majority of people. No extra supplement is typically needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Oritavancin Diphosphate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Orbactiv, Kimyrsa
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin, nerves, and eyes working well. Oritavancin is an antibiotic, and antibiotics can sometimes lower riboflavin by disrupting the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of it. That said, your body gets most of its riboflavin from food rather than gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for most patients. No supplement is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Oxacillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Prostaphlin, Bactocill
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. Because oxacillin is an antibiotic, it can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from the foods you eat. This is rated as an insignificant depletion, so for most people taking oxacillin, no supplement is needed. Just eat a balanced diet and check in with your pharmacist or doctor if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Oxytetracycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Terramycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses for energy production and keeping skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. Oxytetracycline, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. The thing is, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply compared to what you get from food, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is typically needed, but if you have questions about your diet while on this antibiotic, your pharmacist is a good place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Oxytetracycline, Phenazopyridine, Sulfamethizole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Urobiotic
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, gets most of its supply from the food you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. These antibiotics can disrupt those gut bacteria, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin, but that contribution is considered too minor to make a real difference. For most people taking this combination, riboflavin levels are not a practical concern. No extra supplementation is typically needed, though your pharmacist is always happy to answer questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Oxytetracycline, Phenazopyridine, Sulfamethizole →
Ozenoxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Xepi
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, comes mostly from the foods you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Ozenoxacin is a topical antibiotic, and like other antibiotics, it has been loosely linked to small changes in gut bacterial activity that could, in theory, nudge riboflavin levels slightly. In practice, this effect is considered insignificant, and a riboflavin supplement is not something most people using this medication need to worry about. If you have broader concerns about your nutrition while on any antibiotic, a quick chat with your pharmacist is always a good idea.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Paromomycin Sulfate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Humatin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Paromomycin, like other antibiotics, can alter the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally make small amounts of riboflavin. In practice though, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food rather than from gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is needed for this one, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Penicillin G
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pfizerpen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Penicillin G, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. Even so, the evidence rates this as insignificant because your body gets the vast majority of riboflavin from food, not from gut bacteria. Most people taking Penicillin G have nothing to worry about here, and routine supplementation is not considered necessary.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Penicillin G Benzathine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Bicillin L-A, Permapen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system working properly. Penicillin G Benzathine, like other antibiotics, can affect the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of riboflavin from food, not from gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No extra supplement is needed, but if you have questions about your diet while on this antibiotic, your pharmacist is a good place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Penicillin G Benzathine, Procaine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Bicillin C-R
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy skin and eyes, is mostly absorbed from the food you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. Penicillin G Benzathine/Procaine can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your intestines, which slightly reduces the small amount of riboflavin those bacteria produce. Because your diet is your main source anyway, this disruption is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is generally needed while taking this antibiotic, but if you have questions about your nutrition during treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is a good resource.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Penicillin G Benzathine, Procaine →
Penicillin G Potassium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pentids, Pentids 400, Pentids 800
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, can theoretically dip a little when you take penicillin G potassium. The thinking is that antibiotics can disrupt the helpful bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce small amounts of riboflavin on their own. In practice, though, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply compared to what you get from food, so this is considered an insignificant concern for most people. No riboflavin supplement is needed during a course of this antibiotic, but if you have questions specific to your situation, your pharmacist is always a good starting point.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Penicillin G, Procaine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Penicillin G Procaine
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and tissues healthy, is mostly absorbed from what you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Procaine penicillin G can disrupt those gut bacteria, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin, but research suggests that contribution is too minor to make a real difference to your levels. This interaction is rated insignificant, so for most people taking this antibiotic a riboflavin supplement simply is not necessary. If you have concerns, your pharmacist or doctor can give you personalized guidance.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Penicillin V
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pen-Vee
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. Penicillin V, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the bacteria that normally live in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of riboflavin from the food you eat, so this bacterial disruption is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is needed during a course of Penicillin V, but feel free to ask your pharmacist if you have concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Penicillin V Potassium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include V-Cillin K, Veetids, Pen VK
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is normally supplied through what you eat rather than through bacteria living in your gut. Penicillin V can disrupt those gut bacteria, and there is some thought that this might nudge riboflavin levels slightly lower as a result. In practice, though, this effect is considered insignificant, meaning the vast majority of people taking a course of this antibiotic do not need a supplement. Just keep eating a balanced diet, and if you have any concerns, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Penicillin VK
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Robicillin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Penicillin VK is an antibiotic, and antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that normally produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, those bacteria contribute very little to your overall supply, since most riboflavin comes straight from the food you eat. The evidence rates this as insignificant, so for most people taking a short course of Penicillin VK, there is nothing extra to worry about here.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Pentamidine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pentam 300
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body depends on for turning food into energy and keeping your skin and nervous system healthy. Pentamidine, like other antibiotic-class medications, may slightly affect the bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of riboflavin, but here is the reassuring part: your body gets nearly all its riboflavin from food anyway, so that bacterial contribution does not matter much. The evidence rates this as insignificant, meaning most people taking pentamidine have no reason to add a riboflavin supplement. If you still have questions about your nutritional needs while on this medication, a quick word with your pharmacist or doctor is always a good idea.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Phenazopyridine, Sulfamethizole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Thiosulfil-A, Thiosulfil-A Forte
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin and tissues healthy. Sulfamethizole, the antibiotic in this combination, can alter the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, most of the riboflavin your body needs comes from the food you eat, not from gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No extra riboflavin is typically needed during a short course of this medication, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Phenazopyridine, Sulfisoxazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Azo-Gantrisin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, is obtained mainly from the foods you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Sulfisoxazole, the antibiotic in this combination, can disrupt those gut bacteria, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin, but that bacterial contribution is considered minor. Because of that, this interaction is rated as insignificant for most people, meaning a riboflavin supplement is generally not needed during a short course of this medication. If you have specific concerns, your pharmacist is always a good starting point.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Piperacillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pipracil
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, the B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and eyes healthy, can theoretically dip a little when you take an antibiotic like piperacillin. The thinking is that antibiotics disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from the food you eat. The evidence rates this as insignificant, so for most people taking piperacillin, no extra riboflavin is needed.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Piperacillin , Tazobactam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zosyn
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin and nerves healthy. Piperacillin/tazobactam is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut. Those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin, but your body gets the vast majority of it from the food you eat, so losing that bacterial contribution rarely matters. The evidence rates this as insignificant, meaning most patients on this antibiotic have nothing to worry about and do not need a riboflavin supplement.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Pivampicillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pondicillin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is mainly absorbed from what you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Pivampicillin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt those gut bacteria and reduce the small amount of riboflavin they produce, but that bacterial contribution is quite minor to begin with. The evidence rates this as insignificant, meaning most people taking pivampicillin have nothing to worry about here and do not need a supplement. As always, if you have questions about your nutrition during antibiotic treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Pivmecillinam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Selexid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and keeping skin and nerves healthy, may dip slightly when you take pivmecillinam because antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of it. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your riboflavin supply anyway since most of it comes straight from the foods you eat. This interaction is rated as insignificant, so for the vast majority of people taking this antibiotic, no extra riboflavin is needed. If you have concerns or eat a very limited diet, a quick conversation with your pharmacist can put your mind at ease.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Plazomicin Sulfate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zemdri
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Plazomicin is an antibiotic, and antibiotics can slightly shift the balance of bacteria living in your gut, which normally produce a small amount of riboflavin on their own. That said, most of what your body uses comes from food rather than gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is needed during treatment, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Pretomanid
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Pretomanid is an antibiotic, and antibiotics in general can slightly shift the balance of bacteria living in your gut, which normally produce small amounts of riboflavin as a byproduct. That said, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food rather than from gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is needed, but if you have questions your pharmacist is always a good first stop.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Protriptyline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Vivactil
TCAs have structural similarities to riboflavin and can interfere with its conversion to the active form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In animal models, very high doses of amitriptyline and imipramine (50 mg/kg daily) decrease FAD levels in the liver, heart, and brain. Lower doses (10 mg/kg daily) only affect levels in the heart. Since these doses are higher than those used therapeutically in humans, it is unlikely that the effect is clinically significant or that supplements are necessary.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body needs to convert food into energy and keep cells running properly. Protriptyline belongs to a drug class whose chemical structure is similar enough to riboflavin that it may slightly interfere with the step that turns riboflavin into its active, working form inside the body. That said, the research pointing to this effect used doses far higher than anything prescribed to people, so for most patients this is considered insignificant and no supplement is typically needed. If you have any concerns, a quick conversation with your pharmacist or doctor can put your mind at ease.
References (2)
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism in rat tissues by chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline. J Clin Invest 1981;67:1500-6. PubMed
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, Rivlin RS. Cardiac sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline upon formation of flavins. Biochem Pharmacol 1982;31:3495-9.. PubMed
Pyrazinamide
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Tebrazid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to turn food into energy and keep cells working properly. Pyrazinamide is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can disrupt the helpful bacteria that normally live in your gut, some of which produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, most of what your body needs comes from food, not gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. Riboflavin supplements are generally not needed while taking this medication, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Quinupristin, Dalfopristin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Synercid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a nutrient your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin, nerves, and red blood cells healthy. Quinupristin and dalfopristin are antibiotics, and like other antibiotics they can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from the food you eat, so any drop caused by this antibiotic is considered insignificant. For most patients, no extra riboflavin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Retapamulin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Altabax, Altargo
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is normally absorbed from the food you eat rather than produced by your body. Retapamulin is a topical antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it could theoretically affect the gut bacteria that make small amounts of riboflavin, but those bacteria contribute very little to your overall supply anyway. For most people using retapamulin, this is considered insignificant and no supplement is needed. If you have questions about your nutrition during antibiotic therapy, your pharmacist is always a good place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Rifabutin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mycobutin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, can in theory be affected by rifabutin and other antibiotics because these drugs alter the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your gut flora contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from the foods you eat. This interaction is rated insignificant, so for most people taking rifabutin, no extra riboflavin is needed. If you still have questions or concerns, a quick chat with your pharmacist can put your mind at ease.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Rifampin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Rifadin, Rimactane, Rifadin Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and healthy cell function, can theoretically dip a little when antibiotics like rifampin alter the natural bacteria living in your gut, since those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut flora contributes very little compared to what you get from food, so this interaction is rated as insignificant for most people. There is no need to worry about supplementing during rifampin therapy, but if you have questions about your diet or vitamin levels, your pharmacist or doctor is a great resource.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Rifamycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Aemcolo
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and eyes healthy, can technically dip when you take antibiotics like rifamycin because these drugs may disrupt the gut bacteria that produce small amounts of it. That said, those bacteria contribute very little compared to what you get from food, so this is rated insignificant, meaning most people taking rifamycin have nothing to worry about here. No riboflavin supplement is generally needed, but if you have questions about your diet while on this antibiotic, your pharmacist is a good place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Rifapentine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Priftin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses for energy production and keeping skin, nerves, and red blood cells healthy. Rifapentine, like other antibiotics, can alter the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes from the food you eat, so this interaction is considered insignificant. Most people taking rifapentine do not need a riboflavin supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Rifaximin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Xifaxan
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and support healthy skin and nerves, is obtained mainly from the food you eat rather than from gut bacteria. Rifaximin works inside the intestines and can shift the balance of bacteria there, which in theory could reduce the small amount of riboflavin those bacteria produce. In practice, that bacterial contribution is so minor that rifaximin is not expected to meaningfully affect your riboflavin levels. This is rated an insignificant depletion, so most people do not need a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Secnidazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Solosec
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body counts on for turning food into energy and keeping skin and nerves healthy. Secnidazole is an antibiotic, and antibiotics can disturb the friendly bacteria in your gut that normally produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little compared to what you get from food, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is needed for a short antibiotic course like secnidazole, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Sparfloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zagam
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin and nerves healthy. Sparfloxacin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of riboflavin. That said, because most of your riboflavin comes from food rather than gut bacteria, this effect is considered insignificant and a supplement is not something most people need during a short course of this antibiotic.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Spectinomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Trobicin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, may theoretically dip a little when you take an antibiotic like spectinomycin. The thinking is that antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little compared to what you get from food, so this is considered insignificant in practice. For a short course of spectinomycin, there is really no need to worry about your riboflavin levels, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Streptomycin
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Streptomycin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that produce small amounts of riboflavin, which could theoretically nudge levels down a little. In practice, because most of your riboflavin comes from food rather than gut bacteria, this effect is considered insignificant. Most people taking streptomycin do not need a riboflavin supplement, but if you have any concerns, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Sulbactam, Durlobactam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Xacduro
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and keeping skin and tissues healthy, can sometimes dip slightly when antibiotics like sulbactam/durlobactam are on board. The thinking is that antibiotics disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally make small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from the foods you eat. This interaction is rated insignificant, so for most patients no extra riboflavin is needed during this therapy.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Sulfadiazine
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and tissues healthy, is mostly something we get from what we eat rather than from bacteria living in the gut. Sulfadiazine, like other antibiotics, can disrupt those gut bacteria and slightly reduce the small amount of riboflavin they produce, but that contribution to your overall supply is pretty minimal. The evidence rates this as insignificant, meaning the vast majority of people taking sulfadiazine have no reason to worry about riboflavin levels or reach for a supplement. If you have questions about your diet or nutritional needs while on this antibiotic, your pharmacist or doctor is a great resource.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Sulfadiazine, Sulfamerazine, Sulfamethazine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Triple Sulfoid, Terfonyl
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin and cells healthy. These sulfonamide antibiotics may slightly reduce the amount of riboflavin that gut bacteria produce, but here is the reassuring part: your body gets nearly all its riboflavin from the food you eat, not from bacteria, so that small reduction rarely matters. The evidence rates this as insignificant, meaning most people taking these antibiotics have no reason to add a riboflavin supplement. If you have concerns, your pharmacist or doctor is a good first stop.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Sulfadiazine, Sulfamerazine, Sulfamethazine →
Sulfadiazine, Trimethoprim
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Coptin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. This antibiotic combination can reduce the amount of riboflavin that gut bacteria normally produce, but here is the reassuring part: your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from food anyway, so that bacterial contribution barely moves the needle. For most people taking sulfadiazine and trimethoprim, this is not a practical concern, and a riboflavin supplement is not needed. If you have questions about your diet or any symptoms, your pharmacist is a great first stop.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Sulfamerazine, Sulfamethazine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Neotrizine
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. Sulfonamide antibiotics like sulfamerazine and sulfamethazine may slightly reduce the amount of riboflavin that gut bacteria produce, but here is the reassuring part: your body gets nearly all its riboflavin from food anyway, so that small bacterial contribution barely matters. The evidence rates this as insignificant, meaning most people taking these medications have nothing to worry about and do not need a supplement.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Sulfamethazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Proklar
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body needs to convert food into energy and keep your skin and cells healthy. Sulfamethazole, like other antibiotics, can affect the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of riboflavin. The thing is, that bacterial contribution is pretty minor since almost all of your riboflavin comes from the food you eat, so this interaction is rated insignificant. For most people taking this antibiotic, no extra riboflavin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Sulfamethizole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Thiosulfil Forte
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and eyes healthy, is mainly absorbed from what you eat rather than produced by gut bacteria. Sulfamethizole, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the bacteria living in your intestines, which do make a small amount of riboflavin on their own, but that bacterial contribution is considered minor. Because the effect is rated as insignificant, most people taking this antibiotic have nothing to worry about and do not need a riboflavin supplement. If you have questions about your diet or any vitamins, your pharmacist is a great first stop.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Sulfamethoxazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Gantanol
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, may theoretically dip a little when you take sulfamethoxazole, because this antibiotic can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of it. That said, since your diet, not gut bacteria, is what really keeps riboflavin levels up, this effect is considered insignificant for most people. There is no need to reach for a riboflavin supplement during a course of sulfamethoxazole, but if you have concerns about your nutrition, your pharmacist or doctor is always a good person to check in with.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Bactrim, Bactrim DS, Cotrim DS
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, sometimes called vitamin B2, helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin and nervous system healthy. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is an antibiotic, and antibiotics can disrupt the helpful bacteria living in your gut that normally produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since most of it comes straight from the foods you eat, so this interaction is considered insignificant for the vast majority of people. No extra riboflavin is needed during a typical course of this antibiotic, but feel free to ask your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Sulfapyridine
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses for energy production and keeping skin, eyes, and nerves healthy. Sulfapyridine is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can reduce the bacteria living in your gut that normally produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria aren't a major source of this vitamin anyway since most of it comes from food, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is typically needed, but feel free to bring it up with your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Sulfisoxazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Gantrisin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is mostly absorbed from what you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Sulfisoxazole, like other antibiotics, can disrupt those gut bacteria and reduce the small amount of riboflavin they produce, but since that bacterial contribution is minor to begin with, the overall effect on your riboflavin levels is considered insignificant. For most people taking this antibiotic, no extra riboflavin is needed, but if you have questions about your diet or any symptoms you are noticing, it is always fine to check in with your pharmacist.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Tedizolid Phosphate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Sivextro
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, can theoretically dip a little when you take antibiotics like tedizolid phosphate. The reason is that antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply since you get the vast majority from food, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is typically needed during a course of tedizolid phosphate, but if you have questions your pharmacist is a great first stop.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Telavancin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Vibativ
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body needs for energy production and healthy cells, comes mostly from the food you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Telavancin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt those gut bacteria, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin, but that contribution is minor enough that it rarely matters in practice. For most people taking telavancin, this is considered an insignificant concern and a supplement is not needed. That said, if you have questions about your nutrition during antibiotic therapy, your pharmacist or doctor is always a good resource.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Telithromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Ketek
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Telithromycin is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from the food you eat, not from gut bacteria, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is needed during a course of this antibiotic, though your pharmacist is always happy to answer questions.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Temafloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Omniflox
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and cell function, is mainly absorbed from the food you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. Temafloxacin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria in your intestines, which do produce a small amount of riboflavin, but research suggests that contribution is too minor to meaningfully affect your overall levels. For most people taking this antibiotic, this interaction is considered insignificant and a supplement is not needed. That said, if you have questions about your diet or any vitamins, your pharmacist is always a good person to check with.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Tetracycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Sumycin, Sumycin 250, Tetrex BID
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Tetracycline and other antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin on their own. That said, most of what your body actually needs comes from the food you eat, so this particular effect is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is needed during a typical course of tetracycline, but if you have questions about your diet or vitamin intake, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Ticarcillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Ticar
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Ticarcillin is an antibiotic, and antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that normally produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria contribute very little to your overall riboflavin supply compared to what you get from food, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No riboflavin supplement is needed during a course of ticarcillin, but if you have questions about your nutrition while on antibiotics, your pharmacist is always a good first stop.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Ticarcillin , Clavulanate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Timentin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body needs to convert food into energy and keep your skin and tissues healthy. Ticarcillin with clavulanate, like other antibiotics, can shift the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, your gut flora's contribution to your overall riboflavin supply is quite minor compared to what you get from food, so this is rated as an insignificant depletion. Most people taking this antibiotic do not need a riboflavin supplement, but if you have questions about your diet or nutritional needs, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Tigecycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Tygacil
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and support healthy cells, is mainly absorbed from what you eat rather than produced by gut bacteria. Tigecycline, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your intestines, which do make small amounts of riboflavin, but that bacterial contribution is considered minor. Because your diet supplies most of what you need, this is rated as an insignificant concern for most people. No supplement is typically necessary, but if you have questions about your nutrition during treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is a great resource.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Tobramycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Nebcin, Tobi Podhaler, Bethkis
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. Tobramycin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. The key word there is small: your body gets the vast majority of its riboflavin from the food you eat, so this effect is considered insignificant for most people. No extra supplementation is needed, but if you have questions about your nutrition while on this antibiotic, your pharmacist or doctor is a great resource.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Trimethoprim
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Proloprim, Trimpex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, can theoretically dip a little when you take trimethoprim. The thinking is that antibiotics like trimethoprim can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of riboflavin. In practice, though, your diet supplies the vast majority of what your body needs, so this barely registers as a concern. Most people taking trimethoprim do not need a riboflavin supplement, but if you have questions about your specific situation, your pharmacist is a good person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Trimipramine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Surmontil, Trimip, Rhotrimine
TCAs have structural similarities to riboflavin and can interfere with its conversion to the active form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In animal models, very high doses of amitriptyline and imipramine (50 mg/kg daily) decrease FAD levels in the liver, heart, and brain. Lower doses (10 mg/kg daily) only affect levels in the heart. Since these doses are higher than those used therapeutically in humans, it is unlikely that the effect is clinically significant or that supplements are necessary.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. Trimipramine belongs to a drug class whose chemical structure is similar enough to riboflavin that it may interfere with the process that turns riboflavin into its active, working form in the body. That said, the evidence here is reassuring: the effect has mainly been seen in animals given doses far higher than any human would take, so this is rated insignificant for most people. No action is needed, but if you have questions about your nutritional health on this medication, your pharmacist or doctor is a good place to start.
References (2)
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism in rat tissues by chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline. J Clin Invest 1981;67:1500-6. PubMed
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, Rivlin RS. Cardiac sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline upon formation of flavins. Biochem Pharmacol 1982;31:3495-9.. PubMed
Troleandomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Tao
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, a B vitamin your body needs for energy production and healthy cell function, is mostly absorbed from the foods you eat rather than made by gut bacteria. Troleandomycin is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, which do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, because dietary sources do the heavy lifting here, this disruption is not considered clinically meaningful for most people. The rating on this one is insignificant, so riboflavin supplementation is not something most patients need to think about while taking this medication.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Trovafloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Trovan, Trovan Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin, nerves, and eyes healthy. Trovafloxacin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of riboflavin. That said, the vast majority of riboflavin your body uses comes straight from the food you eat, so any dip from this antibiotic is considered insignificant. Most people taking trovafloxacin have nothing to worry about here, but if you have questions about your diet or vitamin intake, your pharmacist is happy to help.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Vancomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Vancocin, Vancoled
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, can technically dip a little when you take an antibiotic like vancomycin. The reason is that antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce some riboflavin. That said, your gut bacteria are actually a pretty minor source compared to what you get from food, so this is rated as insignificant for most patients. No supplement is needed for the average person on vancomycin, but if you have questions about your diet or nutrition during treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Vancomycin Hydrochloride
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Firvanq
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin and nerves healthy, is obtained mainly from what you eat rather than from bacteria living in your gut. Vancomycin, like other antibiotics, can reduce those gut bacteria and may slightly lower the small amount of riboflavin they produce, but researchers consider this shift too minor to matter for most people. In plain terms, this is listed as insignificant, so the vast majority of patients on vancomycin do not need a riboflavin supplement. That said, if you have questions about your diet or nutritional needs during treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is a great person to ask.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Vonoprazan, Amoxicillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Voquezna Dual
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and supports healthy skin and nerves. Amoxicillin, the antibiotic in this combination, can alter the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce small amounts of riboflavin. That said, because most of your riboflavin comes from food rather than gut bacteria, this effect is considered insignificant, and a supplement is not needed for most people taking this regimen.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Vonoprazan, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Voquezna Triple
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of riboflavin. However, this synthesis doesn't seem to significantly contribute to the body's supply of riboflavin, which is primarily obtained from dietary sources. Riboflavin supplements aren't necessary during antibiotic therapy.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses for energy production and keeping skin, nerves, and red blood cells healthy. When antibiotics like amoxicillin and clarithromycin are taken, they can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, which normally produce small amounts of riboflavin on their own. That said, your gut bacteria are not a major source of this vitamin anyway since you get most of it from food, so this interaction is rated as insignificant and supplements are not considered necessary for most people taking this combination. No action is needed for the average patient, but if you have questions or eat a very limited diet, it is always fine to check in with your pharmacist.
References (3)
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- McCormick DB. Riboflavin. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999. pg.391-9.
Full nutrient report for Vonoprazan, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin →
Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Triple Barbital
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your cells working properly. Animal studies suggest phenobarbital may prompt the liver to process riboflavin faster than usual, potentially affecting active levels in the body, though other animal research has found no meaningful change. The honest bottom line here is that the evidence is too limited to know whether this matters for people at all. If you have been on one of these barbiturates long-term and have questions, it is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor just to be sure.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital →
Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Phenaphen
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, nerves, and eyes working well. Some animal studies suggest phenobarbital may cause the liver to process riboflavin faster than usual, which could affect how much of the active form stays available in the body. That said, the evidence is only from animal research and the picture is mixed, so this is not a confirmed concern in people. Most patients taking this medication do not need to act on this, but if you have been on phenobarbital long-term and want to talk it through, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital →
Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Hypnaldyne
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin, nerves, and eyes healthy. The phenobarbital component of this combination may cause the liver to process riboflavin faster than usual, potentially lowering active levels in the body. That said, the research on this is early, partly from animal studies, and the results are mixed, so its real-world significance in people is simply not known yet. If you have been on this medication long-term and have concerns, it is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital →
Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Barbidonna No. 2, Belladonna Phenobarbital
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, nerves, and eyes healthy. The phenobarbital component in this combination may prompt the liver to process riboflavin faster than usual, which animal studies suggest could shift how the body handles it, though the research is mixed and some studies show no real change. Right now there simply is not enough human evidence to know whether this matters clinically, so most people taking this medication do not need to act on it. That said, if you take this medication long-term, it is worth mentioning to your pharmacist or doctor at your next visit.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine →
Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Barbeloid, Donnatal #2, Donphen
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly, may be affected by the phenobarbital component in this combination medication. Animal studies suggest phenobarbital might prompt the liver to break riboflavin down faster than usual, potentially shifting how much of the active form is available. That said, the research is inconsistent and comes mostly from animal studies, so the real-world significance for people is simply not known. Most people taking this medication do not need to act on this, but if you have questions about your riboflavin status, it is always worth a conversation with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital →
Belladona Extract, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Chardonna-2
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. Some animal studies suggest phenobarbital may cause the liver to process riboflavin faster than usual, potentially affecting levels of its active form, but the research is mixed and no one has clearly shown this is a real problem in people. Given that the evidence is truly insufficient right now, there is no reason to worry, though long-term users of phenobarbital can always mention it to their pharmacist just to keep an eye on things.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Belladonna Alkaloids, Ergotamine Tartrate, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Bellaphen-S, Spastrin, Phenarbal S
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells functioning properly. The phenobarbital component of this combination may prompt the liver to process riboflavin more quickly than usual, potentially affecting levels of its active working form. That said, the research here is largely from animal studies and the results are mixed, so how much this actually matters in people is genuinely unclear. If you have been on this medication long term, it is worth mentioning to your pharmacist or doctor, but there is no strong reason for concern right now.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Belladonna Alkaloids, Ergotamine Tartrate, Phenobarbital →
Belladonna Alkaloids, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Barbidonna, Donnatal
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. Animal research suggests phenobarbital may speed up how the liver processes riboflavin, potentially changing the levels of its active form in the body. That said, the evidence here is limited to animal studies and the results are mixed, so we simply do not know whether this matters clinically for people. If you have been taking phenobarbital long-term and have questions, it is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Belladonna Alkaloids, Phenobarbital →
Belladonna Extract, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Belap
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly, may be processed faster when phenobarbital is on board. Animal studies suggest the drug prompts the liver to break down riboflavin more quickly than usual, though results across studies have been mixed. Because the evidence in humans is limited and the rating is 'insufficient,' this is more of an open question than a confirmed concern. If you have been on this medication long term, it is worth mentioning to your pharmacist or doctor at your next visit.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Belladonna Extract, Phenobarbital →
Belladonna, Ergotamine, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Bellergal-S
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. The phenobarbital component of this combination may prompt the liver to process riboflavin more quickly than usual, which in theory could nudge active riboflavin levels a bit lower. That said, the research here comes mostly from animal studies and the findings are mixed, so for most people taking this medication the real-world impact is simply not known. If you have been on this medication long-term, mentioning it to your pharmacist or doctor is a reasonable step, but there is no clear reason for alarm right now.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Belladonna, Ergotamine, Phenobarbital →
Belladonna, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Bellophen, Susano
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. There is some animal research suggesting phenobarbital may speed up how the liver processes riboflavin, potentially affecting levels of its active form, but the studies are mixed and none of this has been clearly shown to matter in people. Because the evidence is genuinely uncertain, most patients taking this medication do not need to act on this right now. If you are curious or have been on phenobarbital long-term, it is worth mentioning to your pharmacist or doctor.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Bellafoline, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Belladenal, Belladenal-S
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. Some animal research suggests phenobarbital may cause the liver to process riboflavin faster than usual, potentially affecting levels of its active form. That said, other animal studies did not find a meaningful effect, and there is not enough human evidence yet to know whether this matters in practice. For now, most people taking this medication do not need to act on this, but if you have been on it long-term, it is worth mentioning to your pharmacist or doctor.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Butabarbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include S.B.P.
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells functioning well. Animal studies hint that barbiturates like phenobarbital may cause the liver to process riboflavin faster than usual, potentially shifting how the active form gets used, but this has not been clearly shown in people. The evidence here is genuinely too thin to know whether it matters at all in practice, so most people taking these medications do not need to act on this right now. That said, if you have questions or take one of these drugs long term, it is always fine to bring it up with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Butabarbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital →
Butalbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Tribarb
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. Animal studies hint that phenobarbital may cause the liver to break down riboflavin faster than normal, potentially nudging active levels a bit lower, but this has not been clearly proven in people. Given the insufficient evidence rating, this is more of an open question than a known concern, so most people taking these barbiturates do not need to act on this right now. If you are a long-term user and curious, it is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Butalbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital →
Camphor, Hyoscyamine, Passif, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine, Valerian
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Nevrotose #3
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells running properly. Phenobarbital, one of the ingredients in this combination, may prompt the liver to process riboflavin faster than usual, which could theoretically affect active riboflavin levels in the body. That said, the evidence here comes mostly from animal studies and the picture is mixed, so the real-world significance for people is simply not known yet. If you take this medication long term, it is worth mentioning to your pharmacist or doctor just to keep it on their radar.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Camphor, Hyoscyamine, Passif, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine, Valerian →
Chlorpromazine
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Thorazine, Thorazine Spansules
Chlorpromazine has structural similarities to riboflavin and can interfere with its conversion to the active form, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In rats, chlorpromazine decreases FAD levels in the liver, kidneys, heart and skeletal muscle, increases urinary riboflavin excretion, and produces changes in erythrocyte enzyme activity consistent with riboflavin deficiency. Chlorpromazine also inhibits renal tubular secretion and reabsorption of riboflavin. Although these effects occur in rats at similar doses to those used in humans, data in humans are lacking. There isn't enough evidence to recommend use of riboflavin supplements with chlorpromazine or other phenothiazines.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body produce energy and keeps your skin, nerves, and red blood cells working properly. Chlorpromazine is chemically shaped in a way that may interfere with how the body converts riboflavin into its active, usable form, and it may also affect how the kidneys handle riboflavin. That said, this has really only been studied in animals, and there is not enough human data to know whether it matters at a practical level. Most people taking chlorpromazine do not need to act on this right now, but if you have questions or take this medication long-term, it is worth a quick conversation with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (5)
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. Inhibition of riboflavin metabolism in rat tissues by chlorpromazine, imipramine and amitriptyline. J Clin Invest 1981;67:1500-6. PubMed
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, Rivlin RS. Cardiac sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline upon formation of flavins. Biochem Pharmacol 1982;31:3495-9.. PubMed
- Pelliccione N, Pinto J, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. Accelerated development of riboflavin deficiency by treatment with chlorpromazine. Biochem Pharmacol 1983;32:2949-53.. PubMed
- Raiczyk GB, Dutta P, Pinto J. Chlorpromazine and quinacrine inhibit flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis in skeletal muscle. Physiologist 1985;28:322.
- Yanagawa N, Shih RN, Jo OD, Said HM. Riboflavin transport by isolated perfused rabbit renal proximal tubules. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2000;279:C1782-6.. PubMed
Colchicine, Probenecid
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include ColBenemid
In humans, probenecid reduces renal tubular secretion and total urinary excretion of both supplemental and dietary riboflavin. It may also reduce the active intestinal absorption mechanism for riboflavin. After single doses of probenecid, the effect on renal excretion predominates, and plasma riboflavin levels are increased. The effect of prolonged probenecid therapy on riboflavin balance, and therefore the clinical significance, is not known.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, nerves, and red blood cells working properly. Probenecid appears to interfere with how the kidneys handle riboflavin, and possibly with how the gut absorbs it, though interestingly a single dose may actually raise riboflavin levels in the blood temporarily. The honest takeaway here is that researchers simply do not know yet whether long-term probenecid use meaningfully affects your riboflavin stores, so most people taking it do not need to worry about this right now. Still, if you have been on probenecid for a long time and have questions, a quick conversation with your pharmacist or doctor is always a reasonable idea.
References (3)
- Yanagawa N, Shih RN, Jo OD, Said HM. Riboflavin transport by isolated perfused rabbit renal proximal tubules. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2000;279:C1782-6.. PubMed
- Jusko WJ, Levy G. Effect of probenecid on riboflavin absorption and excretion in man. J Pharm Sci 1967;56:1145-9. PubMed
- Jusko WJ, Levy G, Yaffe SJ, Gorodischer R. Effect of probenecid on renal clearance of riboflavin in man.J Pharm Sci 1970;59:473-7. DOI
Dehydrocholic Acid, Homatropine Methylbromide, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include G.B.S.
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working properly. The phenobarbital component of this combination product may prompt the liver to process riboflavin more quickly than usual, which animal studies suggest could shift how the body handles its active form. That said, the evidence here is quite limited and comes mostly from animal research, so the real-world impact in people is simply not known yet. Most patients taking this medication do not need to take action, but if you have been on it long-term and are curious, it is worth a quick conversation with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Dehydrocholic Acid, Homatropine Methylbromide, Phenobarbital →
Dicyclomine, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Bentyl w/ Pb
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Animal studies suggest phenobarbital may cause the liver to break down riboflavin faster than usual, which could nudge active riboflavin levels lower, but research in humans is limited and the two studies point in opposite directions. With an 'Insufficient Evidence' rating, this is more of an open question than a proven concern, so most people on phenobarbital do not need to act on this right now. That said, if you take phenobarbital long term, it is worth mentioning to your pharmacist or doctor at your next visit.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Doxorubicin
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Doxil, Adriamycin, Rubex
Preliminary evidence indicates that doxorubicin interacts with riboflavin by forming complexes, competing for tissue binding sites, reducing conversion to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD, the active form of riboflavin), and increasing urinary excretion. These effects may contribute to cardiac and muscle toxicity associated with doxorubicin, but data in humans are lacking.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep muscles and organs running properly. Early laboratory research suggests doxorubicin may interfere with riboflavin in a few ways, including binding to it directly, competing for the same spots in body tissues, slowing its conversion to the active form your cells can use, and nudging the kidneys to excrete more of it. That said, we are talking about preliminary, lab-level findings with very little human data, so no one knows yet whether this actually matters clinically. If you are on doxorubicin and curious whether any of this applies to you, it is worth raising with your oncologist or pharmacist.
References (4)
- Pinto J, Raiczyk GB, Huang YP, Rivlin RS. New approaches to the possible prevention of side effects of chemotherapy by nutrition. Cancer 1986;58:1911-4.. PubMed
- Ogura R, Ueta H, Hino Y, et al. Riboflavin deficiency caused by treatment with adriamycin. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 1991;37:473-7.. PubMed
- Raiczyk GB, Pinto J. Inhibition of flavin metabolism by adriamycin in skeletal muscle. Biochem Pharmacol 1988;37:1741-4.. PubMed
- Pinto J, Huang YP, Pelliccione N, Rivlin RS. Adriamycin inhibits flavin synthesis in heart: possible relation to cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines (abstract). Clin Res 1983;31;467A.
Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Lufyllin-EPG
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. The phenobarbital in this combination may prompt the liver to process riboflavin faster than usual, which some animal research suggests could affect active riboflavin levels. That said, the evidence here is quite limited and conflicting, so right now this is more of an open question than a proven concern. If you have been on this medication long-term, it is worth mentioning to your pharmacist or doctor at your next visit.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital →
Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Mudrane GG
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body convert food into energy and keeps your skin, eyes, and nerves working well. Animal studies suggest phenobarbital may speed up how the liver processes riboflavin, potentially shifting levels of its active form, though results across studies have been mixed. Because the evidence here is rated insufficient, we simply do not know whether this matters in people. If you have been on phenobarbital long-term and are curious, it is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor at your next visit.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline →
Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Quadrinal, Mudrane
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your cells turn food into energy and keeps your skin, nerves, and eyes healthy. Animal studies have suggested that phenobarbital may prompt the liver to process riboflavin faster than usual, which could theoretically affect active riboflavin levels in the body. That said, the research is limited to animal data and the findings are mixed, so the real-world impact in people is simply not known. Most patients on phenobarbital do not need to act on this right now, but mentioning it to your pharmacist or doctor at your next visit is always reasonable.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline →
Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Tedral
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. Animal studies have suggested that phenobarbital may prompt the liver to process riboflavin more quickly, potentially shifting its active form around, but other animal research found no meaningful change at all. Because the evidence comes only from animal studies and points in different directions, we simply do not know whether this matters in people. If you have been on phenobarbital long-term and have questions about your nutritional status, it is worth a quick conversation with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline →
Ergotamine, Belladonna, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Bellaspas, Bellamine, Eperbel-S
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body depends on for turning food into energy and keeping cells working properly. The phenobarbital component of this combination may prompt the liver to process riboflavin differently, potentially affecting levels of its active form. That said, the research here is mostly from animal studies and the findings are mixed, so the real-world impact for people is genuinely unknown. If you have been taking this medication long term, it is worth mentioning to your pharmacist or doctor, but there is no established reason to be alarmed right now.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Ergotamine, Belladonna, Phenobarbital →
Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Levsin Pb, Levsinex Pb Timecaps
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is something your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. There is animal research suggesting phenobarbital may cause the liver to process riboflavin faster than usual, potentially affecting active riboflavin levels, but studies in animals have actually shown mixed results. The honest answer right now is that nobody knows how much this matters in people taking the medication long-term. If you have concerns, it is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor at your next visit.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Phenobarbital
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Solfoton, Luminal
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. There is some animal research suggesting phenobarbital may speed up how the liver processes riboflavin, potentially affecting its active form, but this has not been clearly shown to matter in people. Given the insufficient evidence rating, this is more of an open question than a proven concern, so most patients taking phenobarbital do not need to act on this right now. If you are curious or have been on this medication long-term, it is worth a quick conversation with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Dilantin with PB
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin, which your body uses to convert food into energy and keep tissues healthy, may be processed differently in the liver when you take phenobarbital. Some animal studies suggest phenobarbital speeds up how the liver handles riboflavin, potentially shifting its active form. That said, the research is limited and conflicting, so the real-world impact on people is simply not known yet. If you have been on these medications long-term and have concerns, it is worth a quick conversation with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Phenobarbital, Sodium Nitrate
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Soniphen
Some evidence in animals suggests that phenobarbital induces metabolism of riboflavin in the liver. Levels of the active form of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are increased in the liver and levels of a hydroxylated metabolite are increased in the urine. Also, some animal research suggests that phenobarbital does not significantly affect the content of flavin in the liver.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep cells working properly. There is some animal research suggesting phenobarbital may prompt the liver to process riboflavin faster than usual, potentially affecting levels of its active form, but the animal findings are actually mixed and no one has clearly shown this matters in people. Because the evidence is rated insufficient, most patients taking phenobarbital do not need to act on this right now. If you have concerns, it is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor at your next visit.
References (3)
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Hydroxylation of the 7- and 8-methyl groups of riboflavin by the microsomal electron transfer system of rat liver. J Biol Chem 1983;258:5629-33.. DOI
- Hamajima S, Ono S, Hirano H, Obara K. Induction of the FAD synthetase system in rat liver by phenobarbital administration. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1979;49:59-63..
- Shargel L, Mazel P. Effect of riboflavin deficiency on phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene induction of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes of the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1973;22(19):2365-73. PubMed
Probenecid
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Benemid, Benuryl, Probecid
In humans, probenecid reduces renal tubular secretion and total urinary excretion of both supplemental and dietary riboflavin. It may also reduce the active intestinal absorption mechanism for riboflavin. After single doses of probenecid, the effect on renal excretion predominates, and plasma riboflavin levels are increased. The effect of prolonged probenecid therapy on riboflavin balance, and therefore the clinical significance, is not known.
Riboflavin (vitamin B2) helps your body turn food into energy and keeps your skin, nerves, and red blood cells healthy. Probenecid appears to interfere with how your kidneys handle riboflavin, slowing the amount your body normally flushes out in urine, which actually causes riboflavin to build up in the blood rather than drop, at least after a single dose. What happens with long-term use is simply not known yet, so the evidence here is genuinely inconclusive. Most people taking probenecid do not need to worry about this, but if you have questions, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (3)
- Yanagawa N, Shih RN, Jo OD, Said HM. Riboflavin transport by isolated perfused rabbit renal proximal tubules. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2000;279:C1782-6.. PubMed
- Jusko WJ, Levy G. Effect of probenecid on riboflavin absorption and excretion in man. J Pharm Sci 1967;56:1145-9. PubMed
- Jusko WJ, Levy G, Yaffe SJ, Gorodischer R. Effect of probenecid on renal clearance of riboflavin in man.J Pharm Sci 1970;59:473-7. DOI
Quinacrine
Insufficient EvidenceBrand names include Atabrine
Quinacrine has structural similarities to riboflavin and can interfere with its conversion to the active form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). It's suggested that this could lead to riboflavin deficiency in humans, but it may also contribute to the therapeutic effects of quinacrine against malaria. The clinical significance isn't known.
Riboflavin is a B vitamin your body needs to produce energy and keep cells working properly. Quinacrine's chemical structure is similar enough to riboflavin that it may interfere with the step where your body converts riboflavin into its active, usable form. That said, the evidence here is genuinely thin, and researchers do not yet know whether this matters clinically for most people taking quinacrine. If you have concerns, it is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (3)
- Hardman JG, Limbird LL, Molinoff PB, eds. Goodman and Gillman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996.
- Raiczyk GB, Dutta P, Pinto J. Chlorpromazine and quinacrine inhibit flavin adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis in skeletal muscle. Physiologist 1985;28:322.
- Dutta P, Pinto J, Rivlin R. Antimalarial effects of riboflavin deficiency. Lancet 1985;2:1040-3. PubMed
This tool is educational and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. An association is not a diagnosis and does not mean a deficiency will occur. Always talk to your pharmacist or healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication or supplement.
Disclaimer: This checker finds which nutrients might be depleted by prescription or over-the-counter medications. Each nutrient depletion issue is rated based on clinical significance. Use your own professional judgment prior to making clinical decisions.© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center Licensed records refresh weekly · last updated July 3, 2026.
What drug-induced nutrient depletion means
Some medications can, over time, lower the levels of certain vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients — through reduced absorption, increased loss, or changes in how the body uses them.
Association is not deficiency
An entry here means a depletion has been reported or studied — not that it happens to everyone, or that you are deficient. Dose, duration, diet, and your own health all matter.
Evidence varies by pair
Some drug–nutrient links (like metformin and vitamin B12) are well studied; others rest on limited or preliminary research. Each entry shows the evidence rating from our licensed clinical database.
When to ask about labs
If you take an associated medication long-term, ask your healthcare provider whether monitoring is appropriate for you. Not everyone needs testing — your provider can weigh your dose, duration, and symptoms.
Don't self-supplement blindly
Supplements are not risk-free: some can interact with medications, and some (like potassium or magnesium) can be risky with kidney disease. Talk to your pharmacist before adding anything.
Never stop a medication over this
These medications are prescribed for good reasons, and the benefit usually far outweighs a manageable nutrient consideration. Any change belongs in a conversation with your prescriber.
Food first, usually
For many nutrients, a varied diet covers the gap. Each entry lists common food sources; a supplement is a decision to make with your pharmacist or provider, not a default.
RIBOFLAVIN & medications: FAQs
Which medications can lower RIBOFLAVIN?
I take one of these medications — am I deficient in RIBOFLAVIN?
Should I start a RIBOFLAVIN supplement?
Where does this information come from?
Other commonly implicated nutrients
Wondering about your RIBOFLAVIN levels?
Ask a licensed pharmacist — free, no appointment needed.
Sources & How We Checked
Medication associations with RIBOFLAVIN are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database, and are displayed as published with their citations.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference for drug-induced nutrient depletions, supplements, and interactions — the basis for this page.
- MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine — NIH consumer drug information, used for medication overviews across the site.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.