Medications That May Deplete BIOTIN
See which medications carry a reported association, how strong the evidence is, and what to discuss with your pharmacist.
Biotin (vitamin B7) is a water-soluble vitamin your body needs to turn food into energy and to support healthy hair, skin, and nails. Most people get plenty from a normal diet, and true deficiency is rare. Supplements are widely sold for hair and nail health, but solid evidence for these benefits is limited in people who are not deficient, and high doses can interfere with certain lab tests.
Commonly used for: Hair growth and thinning hair, Brittle nails, Skin health, Biotin deficiency, Supporting metabolism.
HelloPharmacist pharmacist-reviewed education. The medication records below are licensed clinical data, shown as published.
Deep dive: Biotin — uses, safety & drug interactions
Medications associated with BIOTIN depletion
Each record is shown as published in our licensed clinical database. Open a medication for its full nutrient report.
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Amikacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Amikin, Arikayce
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. There is a theory that antibiotics like amikacin could nudge biotin levels down slightly, because gut bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin, and antibiotics can disrupt those bacteria. In practice, that bacterial contribution is a pretty minor slice of your daily biotin supply, and clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking amikacin do not need to worry or do anything differently, but as always, your pharmacist or doctor is a good sounding board if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Amoxicillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Amoxil Capsules, Trimox, Wymox
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. There is a theory that amoxicillin, like other antibiotics, could slightly reduce biotin by disrupting the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of it. That said, those bacteria only contribute a modest portion of what you need each day, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This is rated insignificant, so for a typical short course of amoxicillin there is nothing special you need to do, but if you have questions about your own situation your pharmacist is always a good place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Amoxicillin Veterinary
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Biomox
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses for energy metabolism and keeping your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. One theory is that antibiotics like amoxicillin can reduce the good bacteria in your gut that naturally produce small amounts of biotin, but research has not confirmed this causes any real shortfall in people. Because bacterial synthesis contributes only a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, this interaction is considered insignificant for most patients. No supplement is typically needed, but mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Amoxicillin, Clavulanate Potassium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Augmentin, Augmentin XR, Clavulin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The idea here is that amoxicillin-clavulanate, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of what you need each day, so losing it is unlikely to cause a real shortage. This one is rated insignificant, meaning most people taking this antibiotic have nothing to worry about, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Amoxicillin, Clavulanate Potassium →
Amoxicillin, Omeprazole Magnesium, Rifabutin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Talicia
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thinking here is that antibiotics like those in this regimen can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, and some of those bacteria actually make a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. That said, gut bacteria account for less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, so losing that contribution is unlikely to matter much in practice. This is rated as insignificant depletion, meaning most people taking these medications do not need to take a biotin supplement, but if you have questions about your nutrition, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Amoxicillin, Omeprazole Magnesium, Rifabutin →
Amphotericin, Tetracycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mysteclin-F
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and to keep skin, hair, and your nervous system working properly. The thought here is that tetracycline and amphotericin, like most antibiotics and antifungals, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of biotin. The catch is that bacterial sources account for less than a fifth of what your body needs each day, so this is mostly a theoretical concern. Clinical studies have not shown a real drop in biotin levels, and for most people taking these medications no extra biotin is needed, though your pharmacist or doctor is always a good sounding board if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Ampicillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Principen, Omnipen-N, Omnipen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thinking here is that ampicillin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that normally produce a small amount of biotin. That said, those bacteria only account for a modest portion of what your body needs each day, and clinical studies have not shown that antibiotics actually cause biotin deficiency in practice. This is rated as an insignificant depletion, meaning the vast majority of people taking a course of ampicillin do not need to do anything special, but feel free to bring it up with your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Ampicillin, Sulbactam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Unasyn
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thinking here is that antibiotics like ampicillin-sulbactam can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of biotin. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is a minor slice of what you need each day, so this is rated as insignificant. Most people finishing a course of this antibiotic have nothing to worry about on the biotin front, but if you have questions, your pharmacist is always a good first stop.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Avibactam Sodium, Ceftazidime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Avycaz
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. There is a theoretical concern that antibiotics like ceftazidime-avibactam could nudge biotin levels down slightly, because the friendly bacteria in your gut normally make a small amount of biotin, and antibiotics can disrupt that bacterial community. In practice, gut bacteria contribute less than a fifth of what you actually need, so this concern has not shown up as a real problem in clinical studies. The evidence rates this as insignificant, meaning most people taking this antibiotic do not need to worry about it or take a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Azithromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zithromax, Zmax, Azasite
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The short-course antibiotic azithromycin can temporarily disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of biotin. Because that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of what you need daily, any dip caused by a brief antibiotic course is considered insignificant, and most people taking azithromycin have nothing to worry about here. No extra biotin is needed for the typical patient, but if you have questions your pharmacist is always a good first stop.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Aztreonam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Azactam
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. Aztreonam is an antibiotic, and there is a theoretical concern that antibiotics can reduce the good bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of biotin. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution makes up less than a fifth of what you need each day, so clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem. For most people taking aztreonam, no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Bacampicillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Penglobe
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin and hair healthy. There is a theory that antibiotics like bacampicillin could nudge biotin levels down slightly by disrupting the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of it, but clinical studies have not shown this to be a real problem in practice. Because bacteria contribute only a modest slice of your daily biotin supply anyway, the concern here is considered insignificant, and most people taking this antibiotic do not need to do anything differently. That said, if you have questions about your nutrient levels, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Bacitracin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Baci-IM, Bacitracin Ointment, Baciguent
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin and hair healthy. There is a theoretical concern that antibiotics like bacitracin could nudge biotin levels down slightly, because gut bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin, and antibiotics can disrupt those bacteria. In practice, that bacterial contribution is a pretty minor piece of your total biotin supply, and clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem. For most people using bacitracin, this is not something to worry about.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Benznidazole
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Benznidazole is an antibiotic, and there has been some concern that antibiotics in general might nudge down biotin levels by disrupting the friendly gut bacteria that make small amounts of it. In practice, those bacteria only account for a modest slice of your daily biotin supply, and clinical research has never confirmed a real drop in biotin levels from antibiotics. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking benznidazole do not need to worry about it or take a supplement, but feel free to bring it up with your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Bismuth Subsalicylate, Metronidazole, Tetracycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Helidac
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The tetracycline in this combination is an antibiotic, and there is a theoretical concern that antibiotics can reduce the amount of biotin your gut bacteria produce. In practice, though, those bacteria only contribute a small fraction of what your body needs, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No supplement is needed for the short course typically used with this regimen, but your pharmacist or doctor can answer any questions you have.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Bismuth Subsalicylate, Metronidazole, Tetracycline →
Capreomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Capastat
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body needs to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The theory with antibiotics like capreomycin is that they may reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria naturally produce, which could slightly lower how much your body gets. In practice, though, bacterial production accounts for a small slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not confirmed that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking capreomycin do not need to worry about biotin or take a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Carbenicillin Indanyl Sodium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Geocillin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thought here is that carbenicillin, like other antibiotics, could reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin on your behalf. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of what you need daily, so an antibiotic is very unlikely to put a real dent in your levels. For most people taking this medication, no special action is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefaclor
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Ceclor CD, Ceclor
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. The thinking here is that cefaclor, like other antibiotics, may disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that normally produce small amounts of biotin. In practice, though, those bacteria only account for a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause biotin levels to drop in a meaningful way. This interaction is rated insignificant, so most people taking cefaclor do not need to worry about it or take any extra biotin.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefadroxil
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Duricef, Ultracef, Cef-Tab
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The idea behind this concern is that cefadroxil, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that normally make a small amount of biotin on your own behalf. In practice, that bacterial contribution turns out to be pretty minor, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking cefadroxil have nothing to worry about here.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefamandole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mandol
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The thinking here is that cefamandole, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. That said, this bacterial contribution is pretty modest, and clinical research has not actually shown that antibiotics cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so for most people taking cefamandole there is nothing extra to do, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefazolin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Ancef
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Because cefazolin is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria produce, but bacteria actually contribute less than 20% of your daily biotin needs, so this gap is small. Research has not shown that antibiotics like cefazolin actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels, and a rating of insignificant depletion means most people taking this medication do not need to worry about it. If you have questions or take cefazolin frequently, a quick conversation with your pharmacist is always a good idea.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefdinir
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Omnicef
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thinking here is that gut bacteria naturally make a small amount of biotin, and cefdinir, like other antibiotics, can disrupt those bacteria. Even so, that bacterial source makes up less than a fifth of what you actually need each day, so losing it rarely matters in practice. For a short antibiotic course, most people have nothing to worry about, but if you have questions, your pharmacist is always happy to talk it through.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefditoren Pivoxil
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Spectracef
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. Cefditoren pivoxil, like other antibiotics, can temporarily disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. Even so, that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of what you need daily, so any dip from taking this antibiotic is considered insignificant. Most people finishing a short course of cefditoren pivoxil have nothing to worry about here, but if you have questions about your nutrition while on antibiotics, your pharmacist is a great first stop.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefepime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Maxipime
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The thinking here is that gut bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin, and cefepime, like other antibiotics, can disrupt those bacteria. That said, bacterial production only covers a small slice of what you actually need each day, so this concern has never been proven to matter clinically. For most people taking cefepime, this is not something to worry about, though you are always welcome to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefiderocol Sulfate Tosylate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Fetroja
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Because cefiderocol is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of biotin. In practice, those bacteria contribute less than a fifth of what you actually need each day, so clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem. For most people taking this medication, no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefixime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Suprax
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The thinking goes that antibiotics like cefixime can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin that your body absorbs. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is pretty modest, and clinical studies have not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking a short course of cefixime have nothing to worry about here, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefmetazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zefazone
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thinking here is that cefmetazole, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of what you need each day, so losing it is unlikely to cause any real shortfall. This one is rated insignificant, meaning most people taking this antibiotic have nothing to worry about on the biotin front.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefonicid
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Monocid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. There is some thought that antibiotics like cefonicid could nudge biotin levels down slightly, because gut bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin, and antibiotics can disrupt those bacteria. In practice, though, bacterial synthesis contributes less than a fifth of what you need each day, so this concern has never been shown to matter clinically. For most people taking cefonicid, no special action is needed, but if you have questions about your nutrition during antibiotic treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefoperazone
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cefobid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The thinking here is that cefoperazone, like other antibiotics, might reduce the gut bacteria that produce small amounts of biotin as a byproduct. In practice, though, those bacteria account for less than a fifth of what you actually need each day, so this concern has never been shown to cause a real problem in patients. For most people taking cefoperazone, this is nothing to worry about, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefotaxime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Claforan
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thinking is that gut bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin, and an antibiotic like cefotaxime can disrupt those bacteria. Even so, bacteria contribute less than a fifth of what you actually need each day, so this is rated as an insignificant concern and most people taking cefotaxime do not need to worry about biotin at all. No action is needed for most patients, but if you have questions about your own situation, your pharmacist or doctor is the right person to ask.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefotetan
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cefotan
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin and hair healthy. There is some thought that antibiotics like cefotetan might nudge biotin levels down slightly, because gut bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin, and antibiotics can disrupt those bacteria. In practice, that bacterial contribution is fairly modest, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop. This one is rated insignificant, so for most people taking a short course of cefotetan, no extra biotin is needed. That said, if you have questions or take this medication long-term, a quick chat with your pharmacist is always a good idea.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefoxitin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mefoxin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The thought here is that antibiotics like cefoxitin can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. In practice, that bacterial contribution is pretty minor, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking cefoxitin have nothing to worry about, but mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefpodoxime Proxetil
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Vantin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The idea behind this concern is that cefpodoxime, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that normally produce small amounts of biotin. In reality, those bacteria contribute only a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and no clinical studies have actually shown that antibiotics cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This is rated insignificant, so for a short course of this antibiotic most people simply do not need to worry about it or take a supplement, but feel free to ask your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefprozil
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cefzil
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. There is a theoretical concern that antibiotics like cefprozil could nudge biotin levels down slightly, because gut bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin and antibiotics can disrupt that bacterial community. In practice, that bacterial contribution is fairly minor, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop. For most people taking a short course of cefprozil, this is not something to worry about, but if you have questions about your nutrition, your pharmacist or doctor is always a good resource.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Ceftazidime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Fortaz, Tazidime, Ceptaz
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thinking here is that ceftazidime, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the helpful bacteria living in your gut that normally produce a small amount of biotin on your behalf. That said, this bacterial source makes up less than a fifth of what your body needs daily, so losing it rarely adds up to a real problem. This depletion is rated insignificant, meaning most people taking this antibiotic have nothing to worry about and no supplement is needed.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Ceftibuten
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cedax
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. Ceftibuten, like other antibiotics, can temporarily disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin. The key word here is small: that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, so losing it briefly is very unlikely to cause a real shortage. This one is rated insignificant, meaning most people taking this antibiotic have nothing extra to do, but if you have questions your pharmacist is always a good place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Ceftizoxime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cefizox
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin and nerves healthy. The thought here is that ceftizoxime, like other antibiotics, might reduce the friendly gut bacteria that make a small amount of biotin for you. In practice, though, that bacterial source only covers a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and no clinical studies have actually shown a real drop in biotin levels with antibiotics. This one is rated insignificant, so the vast majority of people taking ceftizoxime have nothing to worry about, though you are always welcome to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Ceftolozane Sulfate, Tazobactam Sodium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zerbaxa
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thought here is that antibiotics like ceftolozane-tazobactam can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of biotin. Even so, that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of what you need each day, so losing it is unlikely to put a dent in your overall biotin status. This interaction is rated insignificant, meaning the vast majority of people taking this antibiotic have nothing to worry about on the biotin front, and no supplement is needed for most patients.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Ceftolozane Sulfate, Tazobactam Sodium →
Ceftriaxone
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Rocephin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The concern here is that ceftriaxone, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution makes up only a minor slice of your daily biotin needs, and no clinical studies have actually shown that antibiotics cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so for most people taking a course of ceftriaxone there is nothing extra to do, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cefuroxime
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Ceftin, Kefurox, Zinacef
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thought here is that cefuroxime, like other antibiotics, may knock back the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of biotin in your intestines. In practice, though, those bacteria account for less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not actually shown that antibiotics cause a real drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so the vast majority of people taking cefuroxime have nothing to worry about, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cephalexin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Keflex, Keftab, Cephalex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The concern with antibiotics like cephalexin is that they can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin that your body absorbs. That said, this bacterial contribution is pretty minor, and no clinical studies have actually shown that cephalexin lowers biotin to a meaningful degree. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking a course of cephalexin do not need to worry about it, though you are always welcome to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cephapirin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cefadyl
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Cephapirin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that normally produce small amounts of biotin, which is the concern here. That said, gut bacteria appear to supply less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, and clinical studies have not shown actual biotin shortfalls from antibiotic use. This is rated as insignificant, so most people taking this medication do not need to worry about it or consider a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cephradine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Velosef, Anspor
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin and nervous system healthy. Cephradine is an antibiotic, and there is a theoretical concern that antibiotics can reduce the amount of biotin gut bacteria naturally produce, though research has not confirmed this actually lowers biotin levels in people. Because bacteria-made biotin accounts for only a small fraction of what your body needs daily, this interaction is rated insignificant, meaning most people taking cephradine do not need to worry about it or take a biotin supplement. That said, if you have questions about your nutrition while on any antibiotic, your pharmacist is a great first stop.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Chloramphenicol
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Chloromycetin, Chloromycetin Ophthalmic, Chloromycetin Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The concern with chloramphenicol, like other antibiotics, is that it can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. That said, gut bacteria only cover a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not actually shown that antibiotics cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. For most people taking chloramphenicol, this is not something that requires action, though you are always welcome to ask your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Chlortetracycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Aureomycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Chlortetracycline is an antibiotic, and like other antibiotics it can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that make small amounts of biotin on their own. That said, those bacteria only account for a modest slice of your daily biotin supply, and studies have not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. For most people taking this medication, no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cinoxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cinobac
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Cinoxacin is an antibiotic, and there is a theoretical concern that antibiotics can reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of biotin in the intestines. In practice, though, that bacterial source makes up less than a fifth of what you need each day, so research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. For most people taking cinoxacin, this is not something to worry about, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Ciprofloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cipro, Ciprobay, Cipro XR
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic, and there has been some thought that antibiotics might reduce biotin levels by disrupting the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of it. In practice, though, those bacteria only account for a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not shown that this actually leads to a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking ciprofloxacin do not need to worry about it or take a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Clarithromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Biaxin, Biaxin XL
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thinking here is that clarithromycin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin that your body absorbs. Even so, that bacterial contribution makes up less than a fifth of what you need daily, so losing it rarely causes any real shortage. This is rated insignificant, meaning the vast majority of people taking clarithromycin have nothing to worry about and do not need a biotin supplement.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Clinafloxacin
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The theory with antibiotics like clinafloxacin is that they can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. In practice, that bacterial contribution is pretty modest, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking clinafloxacin do not need to worry about it, though you are always welcome to bring it up with your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Clindamycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cleocin, Dalacin C, Cleocin T Gel
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The concern with clindamycin, like other antibiotics, is that it can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of biotin. That said, gut bacteria account for less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, so losing some of that source is unlikely to cause a real shortfall. This is rated an insignificant depletion, meaning most people taking clindamycin have nothing to worry about here, though you are always welcome to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Clofazimine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Lamprene
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. Clofazimine is an antibiotic, and there is some thought that antibiotics in general could reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria naturally produce. In practice, though, bacterial synthesis contributes only a small slice of your daily biotin needs, so this concern has never really played out in clinical research. The rating here is insignificant, meaning most people taking clofazimine do not need to take any action, but feel free to bring it up with your pharmacist if you are curious.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cloxacillin Sodium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Tegopen, Cloxi, Cloxapen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and support healthy hair, skin, and nerves. The thinking here is that cloxacillin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin. That said, bacteria-made biotin only covers a modest share of what you need each day, and clinical research has not actually shown that antibiotics cause a real drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so for most people taking cloxacillin there is nothing extra to do, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Colistimethate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Coly-Mycin M
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. There is a theoretical concern that antibiotics like colistimethate can reduce the number of helpful gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin, but clinical research has not shown this actually leads to meaningful deficiency. Because bacteria appear to contribute less than 20% of your daily biotin needs anyway, the overall impact is considered insignificant for most people. No action is needed for the vast majority of patients, but feel free to bring it up with your pharmacist or doctor if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cyclacillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cyclapen-W, Cylcapen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Cyclacillin is an antibiotic, and there is a theoretical concern that antibiotics can reduce the good bacteria in your gut that help produce small amounts of biotin. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is a minor piece of your overall biotin supply, and this effect has never been shown to cause a real deficiency in clinical studies. For most people taking this antibiotic, no action is needed, but if you have questions about your nutrition, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Cycloserine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Seromycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Cycloserine is an antibiotic, and there is a theoretical concern that antibiotics in general might trim biotin levels slightly by disrupting the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of it. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is a fairly small slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem. For most people taking cycloserine, this is not something that requires action, but if you have questions about your nutrition while on this medication, your pharmacist or doctor is a good place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Dalbavancin Hydrochloride
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Dalvance
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Because dalbavancin is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could slightly reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria produce, but bacteria actually contribute a fairly small portion of what your body needs each day, and no clinical studies have shown a real drop in biotin levels from antibiotics. The evidence rating here is insignificant, so for most people this is not something to worry about. If you have specific questions, your pharmacist or doctor is the best person to check in with.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Dapsone
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Avlosulfon, Aczone
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Because dapsone is classified as an antibiotic, there has been some thought that it could reduce the amount of biotin your gut bacteria produce, since those bacteria make a small portion of your daily supply. In practice, that bacterial contribution is fairly modest, and clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem. This is rated as insignificant, so most people taking dapsone have nothing to worry about here, though you are always welcome to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Daptomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Cubicin, Dapzura RT
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B-vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. One theoretical concern with antibiotics like daptomycin is that they can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of biotin. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of what you need daily, so clinical research has not shown a real drop in biotin levels from antibiotic use. This one is rated insignificant, meaning the vast majority of people taking daptomycin have nothing to worry about here, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Demeclocycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Declomycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. Demeclocycline, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the bacteria that normally live in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of biotin. That said, the contribution from gut bacteria appears to be minor, and clinical research has not actually shown that antibiotics cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This is rated insignificant, so most people taking demeclocycline do not need to worry about this or take a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Dicloxacillin Injection
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Dynapen Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The thinking goes that antibiotics like dicloxacillin can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that normally produce a small amount of biotin, but research has not confirmed this actually causes a meaningful drop in levels. Since gut bacteria contribute less than a fifth of your daily biotin need to begin with, any effect here is considered insignificant for most people. No special action is needed, but if you ever have questions about nutrients while on antibiotics, your pharmacist is a great first stop.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Dicloxacillin Sodium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Dynapen, Pathocil, Dycill
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thinking goes that dicloxacillin, like other antibiotics, might reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin on their own. In practice, though, bacterial production accounts for only a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. For most people taking dicloxacillin, this is not something to worry about, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Dirithromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Dynabac
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thinking with antibiotics like dirithromycin is that they can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. That said, this bacterial source covers less than a fifth of what you actually need each day, so the real-world impact is considered insignificant. Most people taking dirithromycin have nothing to worry about here, but if you have questions, your pharmacist is a great first stop.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Doripenem
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Doribax
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. Doripenem is an antibiotic, and there is a theory that antibiotics like it could nudge biotin levels down by disrupting the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin in your intestines. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of what your body needs, so this effect is considered insignificant. Most people taking doripenem do not need to worry about this or take a biotin supplement, but feel free to ask your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Doxycycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Vibra-Tabs, Vibramycin, Doryx
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thought here is that doxycycline, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin that your intestine can absorb. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is a pretty modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not actually shown that antibiotics cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. For most people taking doxycycline, this is a reassuring, low-concern interaction, and no supplement is needed for the typical patient.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Doxycycline Hyclate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Acticlate, Acticlate Cap, Lymepak
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thought here is that doxycycline, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that normally produce small amounts of biotin on your behalf. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is a pretty minor slice of what you actually need each day, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics meaningfully lower biotin levels. For most people taking doxycycline, this is not something to worry about, but if you have questions about your diet or any supplements, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Doxycycline monohydrate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Erfacea
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thinking is that doxycycline, like other antibiotics, may reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin on their own. In practice, that bacterial contribution is a pretty minor slice of your daily biotin supply, and clinical studies have not shown antibiotics actually causing a real drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking doxycycline have nothing to worry about here, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Doxycyline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Doxychel
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. Because doxycycline is an antibiotic, there is some theoretical concern that it could reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria normally produce, but those bacteria only account for a small slice of your daily biotin supply anyway. Clinical research has not actually shown that antibiotics cause meaningful biotin loss, so this is rated as insignificant for most people. No action is needed for the majority of patients, but if you have questions about your specific situation, your pharmacist or doctor is a great resource.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Enoxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Penetrex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. Enoxacin is an antibiotic, and there has been some thought that antibiotics might nudge biotin levels down slightly by disrupting the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of it. In practice, though, those bacteria contribute only a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and no clinical research has actually shown this becomes a real problem. For most people taking Enoxacin, no special action is needed, but if you have any concerns, your pharmacist or doctor is a good place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Ertapenem
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Invanz
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Because ertapenem is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria produce, but bacteria actually supply less than 20% of what your body needs, so any effect is very small. Clinical research has not confirmed a real problem here, and this depletion is rated insignificant, meaning most people taking ertapenem do not need to worry about it or take a biotin supplement. If you have questions or take ertapenem long-term, a quick conversation with your pharmacist is always a good idea.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Erythromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Erythro S, PCE, E-Mycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The concern with antibiotics like erythromycin is that they can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. That said, this bacterial source covers less than a fifth of what you actually need each day, so losing it is unlikely to cause any real shortage. Given that this is rated an insignificant depletion, most people taking erythromycin do not need to worry or take a biotin supplement, but if you have questions about your diet while on an antibiotic, your pharmacist is a great person to ask.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include E.E.S. 400, E.E.S. Chewable, Wyamycin S
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. The theory here is that erythromycin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that normally produce a small amount of biotin. That said, those bacteria only account for a minor slice of your daily biotin supply, and clinical studies have not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. For most people taking erythromycin ethylsuccinate, this is not something to worry about, but if you have questions your pharmacist is always a good first stop.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate, Sulfisoxazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pediazole
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The idea here is that antibiotics like this one can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is quite modest, and this interaction has never been confirmed to cause a real deficiency in clinical studies. This is rated as insignificant, so most people taking this medication do not need to worry or change anything, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate, Sulfisoxazole →
Erythromycin Gluceptate
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. The idea behind this concern is that erythromycin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of biotin. That said, this bacterial contribution makes up less than a fifth of what you actually need each day, so the overall impact appears to be very minor. For most people taking erythromycin gluceptate, this is not something to worry about, but if you have questions about your specific situation, your pharmacist is a great place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Erythromycin Lactobionate
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin and hair healthy. The idea here is that erythromycin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of biotin. That said, the contribution from gut bacteria appears to be pretty modest, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. For most people taking erythromycin lactobionate, this is not something to worry about, though you are always welcome to mention it to your pharmacist if you have concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Erythromycin Stearate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Erythro-S, Erythrocin, Ethril
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body needs to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thought here is that erythromycin, like other antibiotics, might reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin on your behalf. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is fairly minor, and no clinical studies have actually shown that erythromycin causes a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking this antibiotic have nothing to worry about, but mention any concerns to your pharmacist or doctor.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Erythromycin, Sulfisoxazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Eryzole
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Because gut bacteria actually make a small amount of biotin, there has been some thought that antibiotics like erythromycin and sulfisoxazole could lower biotin by disrupting those bacteria. In practice, though, bacteria contribute less than a fifth of what you need daily, so this effect is considered insignificant and deficiency is unlikely. For most people taking this combination, no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Fidaxomicin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Dificid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The thought here is that fidaxomicin, like other antibiotics, could reduce the helpful gut bacteria that make a small amount of biotin on your behalf. In practice, that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of what you need daily, so losing it is unlikely to matter much. This one is rated insignificant, meaning the vast majority of people taking fidaxomicin have nothing to worry about on the biotin front.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Finafloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Xtoro
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. Because finafloxacin is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could affect the gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin, but that bacterial contribution turns out to be a fairly minor slice of what your body needs each day. Clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually lower biotin levels in a meaningful way, so for most people taking finafloxacin this is not something that requires action. That said, if you ever have questions about your nutrition while on any antibiotic, your pharmacist or doctor is a great person to check in with.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Flucloxacillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Staphylex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. There is some thought that antibiotics like flucloxacillin could slightly lower biotin levels by disrupting the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of it. In practice, though, those bacteria only contribute a modest portion of what you need each day, and clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem. For a short course of flucloxacillin, most people do not need to worry about this at all, but if you have questions, your pharmacist is happy to talk it through.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Fosfomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Monurol
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The concern here is that fosfomycin, like other antibiotics, could reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria produce, but studies have not confirmed this actually causes a meaningful drop in biotin levels in people. Since bacteria appear to contribute only a small fraction of your daily biotin needs anyway, any effect from a short course of this antibiotic is considered insignificant. Most people taking fosfomycin do not need to worry about biotin or consider a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Furazolidone
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Furoxone
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. Because furazolidone is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of biotin, but bacteria contribute less than 20% of your daily biotin needs anyway, and clinical research has not confirmed this actually causes a problem. For most people taking this medication, this is not something to worry about, and a supplement is not needed. If you have questions or take furazolidone long-term, a quick chat with your pharmacist is always a reasonable step.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Gatifloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Tequin, Tequin Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The thought here is that gatifloxacin, like other antibiotics, could reduce the helpful gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin on your behalf. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is fairly minor, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is considered insignificant, so most people taking gatifloxacin do not need to worry about it, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Gemifloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Factive
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body needs to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. There is a theoretical concern that antibiotics like gemifloxacin could slightly reduce biotin because they disrupt the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of it. In practice, though, that bacterial source makes up less than a fifth of what you need each day, so clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem. For most people taking gemifloxacin, no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Gentamicin (IV)
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Garamycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The concern with antibiotics like gentamicin is that they can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of biotin. However, that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of what you actually need each day, so the impact is quite small. This is rated as insignificant, meaning most patients receiving gentamicin do not need to worry about biotin levels or take a supplement, though your doctor or pharmacist is always a good resource if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Grepafloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Raxar
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and support healthy skin, hair, and nerves. Because grepafloxacin is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the small amount of biotin that gut bacteria normally produce, but clinical research has not shown this actually leads to lower biotin levels in people. The rating here is insignificant, meaning most people taking this medication do not need to worry or take a supplement. If you have questions or any ongoing concerns, your pharmacist is a great first stop.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Imipenem, Cilastatin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Primaxin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Because imipenem/cilastatin is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria naturally produce, but bacteria actually contribute only a small portion of what your body needs each day. Research has not shown that antibiotics like this one cause a true biotin deficiency in practice, so most people taking it have nothing to worry about on this front.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Imipenem, Cilastatin, Relebactam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Recarbrio
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thinking here is that antibiotics like this one can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is a fairly minor slice of what you need each day, so this concern has stayed theoretical and has not shown up as a real problem in clinical studies. For most patients taking this antibiotic, no special action is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Isoniazid, Rifampin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Rifamate
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The idea here is that antibiotics like isoniazid and rifampin might reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin, but that bacterial source accounts for less than a fifth of what most people need each day. Research has not actually shown a real drop in biotin levels from these medications, so this is considered an insignificant concern for the vast majority of patients. No action is needed for most people, but if you have questions, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Kanamycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Kantrex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Kanamycin is an antibiotic, and there is some thought that antibiotics could nudge biotin levels down by disrupting the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of it. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is a fairly minor slice of your daily biotin supply, and clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem. For most people taking kanamycin, no special action is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Lansoprazole, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Prevpac
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The concern here is that amoxicillin and clarithromycin, being antibiotics, can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin. That said, bacteria contribute less than 20% of your daily biotin needs, so this is considered an insignificant depletion, meaning a supplement is not necessary for most people taking this combination. No action is needed unless your doctor or pharmacist tells you otherwise.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Lansoprazole, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin →
Lefamulin Acetate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Xenleta
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body needs to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Because lefamulin is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria normally produce, since those bacteria can be disrupted by antibiotics. In practice, though, bacterial production only accounts for a small portion of your daily biotin needs, and no clinical research has actually shown that antibiotics cause a real drop in biotin levels. For a short course of lefamulin, this is considered insignificant, and most patients do not need to take any extra biotin.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Levofloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Levaquin, Levaquin Injection, Leva-pak
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. Levofloxacin, like other antibiotics, kills off some of the friendly gut bacteria that normally make a small amount of biotin for you. That said, bacteria contribute only a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical studies have not shown that antibiotics actually drive biotin levels low enough to matter. This is rated insignificant, so most people taking levofloxacin have nothing to worry about here, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Levofloxacin (ophthalmic)
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Levofloxacin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. The theoretical concern here is that antibiotics can reduce the helpful gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin as a byproduct. With levofloxacin eye drops, though, very little of the drug is absorbed into your body compared to an oral antibiotic, making this already unlikely scenario even less of a concern. This is rated insignificant, so most people using these drops have nothing to worry about on this front.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Lincomycin HCl
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Lincocin, Lincorex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and support healthy skin, hair, and nerves. Lincomycin is an antibiotic, and there has been some concern that antibiotics in general might lower biotin by disrupting the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of it. In practice, though, those bacteria only account for a modest fraction of your daily biotin needs, so this effect has never been shown to matter clinically. For most people taking lincomycin, no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Linezolid
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zyvox, Zyvox Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The concern here is that linezolid, like other antibiotics, might reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria normally produce. In practice, though, bacteria only contribute a small portion of your daily biotin, and clinical research has not confirmed that this actually leads to a meaningful drop in levels. This is rated insignificant, so most people taking linezolid have nothing to act on, but if you have questions or are taking it long-term, your pharmacist is a good place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Lomefloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Maxaquin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. Lomefloxacin is an antibiotic, and there is a theory that antibiotics can reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria naturally produce, leaving slightly less available for absorption. In practice, though, bacteria only account for a small portion of your daily biotin, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking lomefloxacin do not need to worry about it or take a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Loracarbef
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Lorabid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Loracarbef is an antibiotic, and there is a theory that antibiotics can slightly reduce the helpful gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin in your intestines. In practice, though, that bacterial source only covers a small fraction of what you need each day, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. For most people taking loracarbef, this is not something to worry about or act on, but if you have questions about your nutrition during antibiotic treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Meropenem
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Merrem IV
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The concern with antibiotics like meropenem is that they can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. That said, bacteria account for less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, so this is considered an insignificant depletion and most people taking meropenem have nothing to worry about here. No routine supplementation is needed, but if you have questions about your nutritional status, your pharmacist or doctor is the right person to ask.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Meropenem, Vaborbactam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Vabomere
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. There is some thought that antibiotics like meropenem/vaborbactam could nudge biotin levels down slightly, because gut bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin, and antibiotics can disrupt those bacteria. In practice, though, bacteria contribute less than a fifth of what you need each day, so this is considered an insignificant concern for most patients. No action is needed for the typical course of this antibiotic, but if you have questions, your pharmacist is always a good first stop.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Methacycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Rondomycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. Because methacycline is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the friendly gut bacteria that make a small amount of biotin for you. In practice, though, those bacteria account for less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, and no clinical studies have actually shown a real drop in biotin levels from antibiotics. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking methacycline have nothing to worry about here, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Methenamine Hippurate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Urex, Hiprex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Methenamine hippurate is an antibiotic, and there has been some thought that antibiotics in general might lower biotin by disrupting the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of it. That said, those bacteria only account for a minor portion of your daily biotin needs, and no clinical research has actually shown a real drop in biotin levels from antibiotic use. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking this medication do not need to worry about it, though your pharmacist is always a good person to ask if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Methenamine Mandelate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mandelamine, Methimazole
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. Methenamine mandelate is an antibiotic, and there is a general theory that antibiotics can reduce the amount of biotin your gut bacteria produce. In practice, though, those bacteria supply less than a fifth of what your body needs each day, so this concern has not shown up as a real problem in clinical studies. For most people taking this medication, no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Methenamine Mandelate, Potassium Acid Phosphate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Thiacide
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. There is a theoretical concern that antibiotic-type medications could slightly reduce biotin by disrupting the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of it, but bacteria actually contribute less than 20% of what your body needs each day, so the real-world impact is minimal. For most people taking this medication, the evidence does not support any need to change your diet or add a supplement. If you still have questions, your pharmacist is a great first stop.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Methenamine Mandelate, Potassium Acid Phosphate →
Methenamine Mandelate, Sodium Acid Phosphate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Uroquid-Acid No. 2
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The theory here is that antibiotics can reduce the gut bacteria that produce small amounts of biotin, but research has not shown this actually causes a meaningful drop in biotin levels in real patients. Because bacteria contribute only a modest slice of your daily biotin anyway, this concern stays largely theoretical. For most people taking this medication, no supplement is needed, though your pharmacist or doctor is always a good sounding board if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Methenamine Mandelate, Sodium Acid Phosphate →
Methenamine, Phenyl Salicylate, Methylene Blue
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Prosed DS
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. This combination product contains methenamine, which has some mild antibiotic-like properties in the urinary tract, and there is a theoretical concern that antibiotic activity could reduce the gut bacteria that help produce a small amount of biotin. In practice, those bacteria only contribute a modest portion of your daily biotin needs anyway, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No extra biotin is needed for the typical patient taking this medication, but if you ever have questions about your nutrition, your pharmacist or doctor is a great place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Methenamine, Phenyl Salicylate, Methylene Blue →
Methenamine, Sodium Biphosphate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Uro-Phosphate
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. There is a theoretical concern that medications with antibiotic properties could nudge levels down slightly by altering the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin on your behalf. In practice, those bacteria account for less than a fifth of what your body needs daily, so this interaction is considered insignificant for most people. No action is needed for the average patient taking this medication, but feel free to bring it up with your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Metronidazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Flagyl, Protostat, Nidazol
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Because metronidazole is an antibiotic, there has been some curiosity about whether it could lower biotin by disrupting the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of it. In practice, those bacteria account for less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, so this is considered an insignificant concern and most people taking metronidazole do not need to worry about it or take a supplement. That said, if you have questions or are on long-term antibiotic therapy, it never hurts to check in with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Metronidazole, Tetracyline, Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pylera
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thinking here is that antibiotics like these can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin that your body absorbs. In practice, that bacterial contribution is pretty minor, so most people taking this combination do not need to worry about biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, meaning a supplement is not needed for most patients, though you are always welcome to mention it to your pharmacist if you have concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Metronidazole, Tetracyline, Bismuth Subcitrate Potassium →
Mezlocillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mezlin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. The thought here is that mezlocillin, like other antibiotics, could reduce the friendly gut bacteria that make a small amount of biotin for you. In reality, those bacteria contribute a fairly modest share of what you need each day, and no clinical studies have actually shown antibiotic use leads to a true deficiency. This one is rated insignificant, so the vast majority of people taking mezlocillin do not need to worry or take a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Minocycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Vectrin, Dynacin, Minocin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. Because minocycline is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria normally produce, since those bacteria make a small portion of your daily supply. That said, bacteria contribute less than a fifth of what you actually need each day, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics meaningfully lower biotin levels in practice. This one is considered insignificant, so most people taking minocycline do not need to worry about it or do anything extra, though your pharmacist is always happy to answer any questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Minocycline Hydrochloride
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Ximino, Minolira
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin and hair healthy. There is a theory that minocycline, like other antibiotics, could slightly reduce the amount of biotin produced by gut bacteria, but research has not shown this to be a real problem in practice. Since bacteria only contribute a small portion of your daily biotin anyway, this concern remains largely theoretical. For most people taking minocycline, no special action is needed, but feel free to mention any concerns to your pharmacist.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Moxifloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Avelox
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thought here is that moxifloxacin, like other antibiotics, may disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that normally make a small amount of biotin for you. That said, those bacteria only account for a minor slice of your daily biotin, and research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a shortage. For most people taking moxifloxacin, this is not something to worry about, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Nafcillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Nallpen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The idea behind this pairing is that nafcillin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of biotin. Even so, that bacterial contribution makes up less than a fifth of what you need each day, so losing it is unlikely to cause any real shortage. This is rated insignificant, meaning most people taking nafcillin have nothing to worry about here, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Nafcillin Sodium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Unipen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Because nafcillin is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of biotin on your behalf. In practice, those bacteria account for less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, so this has never been shown to cause a real deficiency in clinical studies. For most people taking nafcillin, no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Nalidixic Acid
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include NegGram
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves working properly. The thought here is that nalidixic acid, like other antibiotics, could reduce the helpful gut bacteria that make a small amount of biotin for you. In practice, that bacterial source only covers a modest slice of your daily biotin needs anyway, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking nalidixic acid do not need to worry about it or take a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Neomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mycifradin, Neo-Fradin, Myciguent
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body needs to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. Neomycin is an antibiotic, and there is a theory that antibiotics can reduce the amount of biotin your gut bacteria produce. In practice, though, those bacteria account for less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, so this effect is considered insignificant. Most people taking neomycin have nothing to worry about here, but if you have questions about your nutrition while on any antibiotic, your pharmacist or doctor is a good place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Netilmicin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Netromycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Netilmicin is an antibiotic, and there is a theory that antibiotics can reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of biotin on your behalf. That said, this bacterial source accounts for only a modest fraction of what you need each day, and no clinical research has actually shown that antibiotics like netilmicin cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. For most people taking this medication, no special action is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Nitrofurantoin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Macrodantin, Furadantin, Furatoin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The thinking here is that nitrofurantoin, like other antibiotics, could reduce the friendly gut bacteria that naturally produce a small amount of biotin. In practice, though, bacterial synthesis turns out to be a pretty minor source of the biotin you need each day, and no clinical studies have actually shown that nitrofurantoin lowers biotin levels in people. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking this antibiotic do not need to worry, but feel free to bring it up with your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Norfloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Norflox, Noroxin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Because norfloxacin is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the friendly gut bacteria that make a small amount of biotin for you. In practice, though, those bacteria only contribute a modest share of your daily biotin needs, and clinical studies have not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking norfloxacin do not need to worry about it or take a supplement, but feel free to ask your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Ofloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Oflox, Floxin, Floxin Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Ofloxacin is an antibiotic, and antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that normally produce small amounts of biotin. That said, gut bacteria only account for a modest slice of your daily biotin supply, and clinical research has not actually shown that antibiotics cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This is rated as insignificant, so most people taking ofloxacin do not need to worry or take a supplement, but if you have questions about your own situation, your pharmacist is a great first stop.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Oritavancin Diphosphate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Orbactiv, Kimyrsa
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Because oritavancin is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could affect the gut bacteria that produce small amounts of biotin, but those bacteria only account for a modest slice of what you need each day, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually lower biotin levels in practice. For a short course of this medication, this is considered an insignificant concern, and most people do not need to do anything extra. If you have questions or take antibiotics often, it is always fine to check in with your pharmacist.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Oxacillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Prostaphlin, Bactocill
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thinking with antibiotics like oxacillin is that they can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of what you need daily, so losing it is unlikely to cause any real shortage. This one is rated insignificant, meaning most people taking oxacillin have nothing to worry about here, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Oxytetracycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Terramycin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thinking behind this concern is that oxytetracycline, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria actually produce a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. In practice, that bacterial contribution is a pretty minor slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking oxytetracycline do not need to worry or do anything differently, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Oxytetracycline, Phenazopyridine, Sulfamethizole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Urobiotic
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thinking here is that antibiotics like these can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria actually produce a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of what you need daily, so losing it is unlikely to matter much. This is rated an insignificant depletion, meaning most people taking this combination have nothing to worry about, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Oxytetracycline, Phenazopyridine, Sulfamethizole →
Ozenoxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Xepi
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin, hair, and nails healthy. Ozenoxacin is a topical antibiotic, and there is a general theory that antibiotics could reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria produce, but bacteria actually account for a small slice of your daily biotin supply anyway. Research has not confirmed that antibiotics cause meaningful biotin loss in practice, and this interaction is rated insignificant, so most people using ozenoxacin have nothing to worry about here. No supplement is needed for most patients, but ask your pharmacist if you ever have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Paromomycin Sulfate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Humatin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Paromomycin is an antibiotic, and there is a theoretical concern that antibiotics can reduce the number of gut bacteria that help make a small amount of biotin in your intestines. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is a fairly minor part of your daily biotin supply, and clinical research has not actually shown a real drop in biotin levels from antibiotics. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking paromomycin do not need to worry about it or take a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Penicillin G
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pfizerpen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. There is a theoretical concern that antibiotics like Penicillin G could nudge biotin levels down slightly, because they may reduce the friendly gut bacteria that help produce a small amount of biotin in your intestines. That said, this effect has never been shown to matter in real clinical studies, and bacteria likely account for less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs anyway. For most people taking Penicillin G, no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Penicillin G Benzathine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Bicillin L-A, Permapen
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The theory here is that Penicillin G Benzathine, like other antibiotics, could disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that make a small amount of biotin on your behalf. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is a pretty minor slice of what you actually need each day, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics meaningfully reduce biotin levels in real patients. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking this medication have nothing to worry about, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Penicillin G Benzathine, Procaine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Bicillin C-R
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thought here is that penicillin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is a pretty minor slice of what you need each day, so a clinically meaningful drop is unlikely. This one is rated insignificant, meaning most people finishing a course of this antibiotic do not need to worry about biotin or take a supplement for it.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Penicillin G Benzathine, Procaine →
Penicillin G Potassium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pentids, Pentids 400, Pentids 800
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses for energy production and keeping your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thought here is that Penicillin G Potassium, like other antibiotics, could reduce the helpful gut bacteria that make a small amount of biotin, leaving slightly less available for absorption. In reality, those bacteria contribute a modest share of your daily biotin needs, and clinical studies have not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking this medication do not need to worry about it, though you are always welcome to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Penicillin G, Procaine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Penicillin G Procaine
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thinking here is that antibiotics like procaine penicillin G can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. That said, this bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, so the real-world impact is very small. Clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels, and for most people taking this medication, no extra biotin is needed.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Penicillin V
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pen-Vee
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. The theory here is that Penicillin V, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution covers less than a fifth of what you actually need each day, so losing it is unlikely to matter much. For a short course of Penicillin V, most people do not need to do anything extra, but if you have questions about your diet or any supplements you take, your pharmacist is a good person to ask.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Penicillin V Potassium
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include V-Cillin K, Veetids, Pen VK
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The thought here is that penicillin V, like other antibiotics, might reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin on your behalf. In reality, those bacteria contribute only a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and no clinical studies have actually shown a true drop in biotin levels from antibiotic use. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking a course of penicillin V do not need to worry about this or take any extra biotin, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Penicillin VK
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Robicillin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body needs for energy metabolism and healthy hair, skin, and nerves. The thought here is that Penicillin VK, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of biotin. Even so, that bacterial contribution makes up less than a fifth of what you need daily, so losing it is unlikely to cause any real shortfall. This interaction is rated insignificant, meaning most people finishing a course of Penicillin VK have nothing to worry about on this front.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Pentamidine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pentam 300
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Because pentamidine is classified as an antibiotic-type agent, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin, meaning your body might get a little less from that bacterial source. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is modest, and clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem. For most people taking pentamidine, no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Phenazopyridine, Sulfamethizole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Thiosulfil-A, Thiosulfil-A Forte
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Sulfamethizole is an antibiotic, and antibiotics can potentially reduce the good bacteria in your gut that normally produce small amounts of biotin. That said, this bacterial source covers less than a fifth of what you need each day, so even if levels dipped slightly, it is very unlikely to cause a real shortage. For most people taking this medication short-term, no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Phenazopyridine, Sulfisoxazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Azo-Gantrisin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Sulfisoxazole is the antibiotic in this combination, and there is some thought that antibiotics could nudge biotin levels down a bit. Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin and hair healthy. The idea is that antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut, which normally produce a small amount of biotin on their own. In practice, that bacterial contribution turns out to be pretty minor, so this interaction is considered insignificant and most people taking this medication do not need to worry about it or do anything differently.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Piperacillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pipracil
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system working properly. The thinking here is that piperacillin, like other antibiotics, may reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin on your body's behalf. That said, those bacteria only account for a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical studies have not actually shown a real drop in biotin levels with antibiotic use. This one is rated insignificant, so most people finishing a course of piperacillin do not need to worry about it or take a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Piperacillin , Tazobactam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zosyn
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The thought here is that antibiotics like piperacillin/tazobactam can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin. That said, bacterial production accounts for less than a fifth of what your body needs, so diet easily makes up the rest. This is rated as insignificant, meaning most people on this antibiotic have nothing to worry about, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Pivampicillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Pondicillin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. There is some thought that antibiotics like pivampicillin could nudge biotin levels down slightly, because they disrupt the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin on their own. That bacterial contribution is pretty minor to begin with, though, and clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem in practice. For most people taking pivampicillin, this is not something to worry about or act on.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Pivmecillinam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Selexid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thinking behind this particular concern is that pivmecillinam, like other antibiotics, could reduce the friendly gut bacteria that normally produce a small amount of biotin on your behalf. In practice, though, those bacteria only account for a modest fraction of what you actually need each day, so clinical research has not shown a real drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, meaning most people taking this antibiotic do not need to worry about it or take a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Plazomicin Sulfate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zemdri
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. Plazomicin is an antibiotic, and there is a theoretical concern that antibiotics can reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria produce. In practice, though, bacteria only account for a small slice of your daily biotin supply, and no clinical studies have shown that antibiotics actually cause a shortage. For most people taking plazomicin, this is not something to worry about, but if you have questions about your nutrition during treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Pretomanid
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Because pretomanid is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria produce, but bacteria normally account for only a small slice of your daily biotin supply, and no clinical studies have actually shown a meaningful drop in biotin levels from antibiotics. For most people taking pretomanid, this is not something to worry about or act on. That said, if you have any concerns about your nutrition during treatment, your pharmacist or doctor is the right person to ask.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Pyrazinamide
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Tebrazid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The concern with pyrazinamide, an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis, is an indirect one: antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that normally produce a small amount of biotin. That said, this bacterial contribution is a relatively minor part of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause meaningful biotin depletion. For most people taking pyrazinamide, this is not something that requires action, though you are always welcome to bring it up with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Quinupristin, Dalfopristin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Synercid
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The idea here is that quinupristin/dalfopristin, like other antibiotics, could reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of biotin on your behalf. In practice, though, those bacteria only account for a modest slice of your daily biotin supply, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. The rating here is insignificant, so for most people taking this medication no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Retapamulin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Altabax, Altargo
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Retapamulin is a topical antibiotic, and like other antibiotics, there is a theoretical idea that it could affect the gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin, but that bacterial contribution makes up less than 20% of what your body needs anyway. Clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels, so this is rated as insignificant. Most people using retapamulin have nothing to worry about here, but your pharmacist is always a good resource if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Rifabutin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Mycobutin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. There is a theoretical concern that rifabutin, being an antibiotic, could slightly reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria normally produce, but that bacterial contribution is already a small piece of your daily needs. Clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem in practice, so most people taking rifabutin do not need to worry about biotin or take a supplement for this reason. If you have questions or take rifabutin long-term, your pharmacist is always a good first stop.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Rifampin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Rifadin, Rimactane, Rifadin Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The thought here is that rifampin, as an antibiotic, could reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of biotin in your intestines. In practice, though, bacteria only contribute a modest portion of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not confirmed that antibiotics actually lower biotin levels in people. This one is rated insignificant, so most patients on rifampin do not need to take extra biotin, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Rifamycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Aemcolo
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thought here is that rifamycin, like other antibiotics, might reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin on your behalf. In practice, though, those bacteria contribute only a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical studies have not confirmed that this actually leads to lower biotin levels. Given the insignificant rating, most people taking rifamycin do not need to take a biotin supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Rifapentine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Priftin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. One concern with antibiotics like rifapentine is that they might disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of biotin. That said, the bacteria's contribution to your daily biotin needs appears to be pretty minor, and clinical research has not actually shown that antibiotics cause meaningful biotin loss in practice. The evidence here is rated insignificant, so most people taking rifapentine do not need to worry about this or take a biotin supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Rifaximin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Xifaxan
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Rifaximin works mostly inside the gut, and like other antibiotics, it can shift the balance of bacteria living there. Since some gut bacteria naturally make a small amount of biotin, the concern is that disrupting those bacteria might slightly reduce that source. In practice, bacterial synthesis contributes less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, so this effect is considered insignificant, and most people taking rifaximin have nothing to worry about here.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Secnidazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Solosec
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. Secnidazole is an antibiotic, and there is some thought that antibiotics in general could slightly reduce biotin by disrupting the friendly gut bacteria that make small amounts of it. In practice, though, those bacteria contribute less than a fifth of what your body needs each day, so this effect is considered insignificant. For most people taking secnidazole, no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have any concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Sparfloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Zagam
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The concern with sparfloxacin, like other antibiotics, is that it may disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that normally produce a small amount of biotin on their own. That said, gut bacteria account for less than a fifth of what you need daily, so this effect is considered insignificant in practice. Most people taking this antibiotic have nothing to worry about here, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Spectinomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Trobicin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin, hair, and nails healthy. There is some thought that antibiotics like spectinomycin might trim biotin levels slightly by disrupting the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of it, but your gut bacteria actually contribute less than a fifth of what you need each day, so diet covers the rest easily. Clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem in practice, and for most people taking spectinomycin no extra biotin is needed. That said, if you have any concerns, a quick conversation with your pharmacist can put your mind at ease.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Streptomycin
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The concern with antibiotics like streptomycin is that they can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. That said, this bacterial contribution is a pretty minor slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not actually shown that antibiotics cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking streptomycin do not need to worry about it or add a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Sulbactam, Durlobactam
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Xacduro
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thinking here is that antibiotics like sulbactam/durlobactam can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is a pretty minor slice of what you need each day, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This is rated insignificant, so most people taking this medication do not need to worry about it, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Sulfadiazine
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Sulfadiazine is an antibiotic, and there is a theory that antibiotics like this one could nudge biotin levels down slightly by disrupting the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of it. In practice, though, bacteria only contribute a modest share of your daily biotin, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop. For most people taking sulfadiazine, this is not something to worry about, but if you have any concerns, your pharmacist or doctor is a good person to ask.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Sulfadiazine, Sulfamerazine, Sulfamethazine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Triple Sulfoid, Terfonyl
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nerves healthy. Sulfonamide antibiotics like these can disrupt the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. That said, gut bacteria only account for a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not shown these drugs actually lower biotin levels in people. This one is rated insignificant, so most patients taking a sulfonamide course have nothing to act on here, but if you have questions, your pharmacist or doctor is always a good resource.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Sulfadiazine, Sulfamerazine, Sulfamethazine →
Sulfadiazine, Trimethoprim
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Coptin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The idea behind this potential concern is that antibiotics like sulfadiazine and trimethoprim can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is quite minor, and clinical studies have not shown that these medications actually lower biotin to a meaningful degree. The rating here is insignificant, meaning most people taking this combination have nothing to worry about on this front.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Sulfamerazine, Sulfamethazine
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Neotrizine
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nerves healthy. Sulfonamide antibiotics like sulfamerazine and sulfamethazine can kill off some of the friendly gut bacteria that normally make a small amount of biotin, but those bacteria only supply a modest fraction of what you need each day, so any actual drop is likely to be minor. Research hasn't shown a real deficiency problem with these drugs, and for most people taking them no extra biotin is needed. If you have concerns or are on long-term therapy, a quick chat with your pharmacist is always a good idea.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Sulfamethazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Proklar
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Because sulfamethazole is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria normally produce, but research has not shown this to be a real problem in practice. The bacteria-made portion of your daily biotin supply appears to be a small fraction of what you need anyway, so most people taking this antibiotic have nothing extra to worry about. That said, if you have any concerns, your pharmacist or doctor is always a good person to check with.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Sulfamethizole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Thiosulfil Forte
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin, hair, and nerves healthy. There is a theory that sulfamethizole, like other antibiotics, could slightly reduce biotin by disrupting the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of it, but this mechanism has only been shown to contribute a minor fraction of what your body needs each day. Clinical research has not confirmed that this actually leads to a meaningful drop in biotin levels, so most people taking this antibiotic do not need to worry or add a supplement. If you have any concerns, your pharmacist or doctor is the right person to ask.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Sulfamethoxazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Gantanol
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thinking here is that sulfamethoxazole, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that normally produce a small amount of biotin. That said, those bacteria only account for a modest slice of what your body needs each day, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking sulfamethoxazole do not need to worry or do anything differently, though you are always welcome to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Bactrim, Bactrim DS, Cotrim DS
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. The thinking here is that antibiotics like sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim can disrupt the normal bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do produce a small amount of biotin. That said, clinical research has not shown that this actually leads to any meaningful drop in biotin levels, and the rating for this combination is insignificant. Most people taking this antibiotic do not need to worry about biotin, but if you have questions your pharmacist is always a good place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Sulfapyridine
Insignificant DepletionInterference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Sulfapyridine is an antibiotic-type drug, and there is a theoretical concern that antibiotics can reduce the amount of biotin produced by friendly bacteria living in your gut, though clinical research has not actually confirmed this happens in a meaningful way. Because those bacteria account for less than 20 percent of your daily biotin needs anyway, any effect is considered insignificant, and most people taking this medication do not need to worry about or supplement biotin. That said, if you have questions about your nutrition while on this drug, your pharmacist or doctor is the right person to ask.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Sulfisoxazole
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Gantrisin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. Sulfisoxazole is an antibiotic, and there is a theory that antibiotics could nudge biotin levels down slightly by disrupting the gut bacteria that make a small amount of it for you. That said, bacteria only contribute a modest slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem in practice. For most people taking this antibiotic, no extra biotin is needed, though you are always welcome to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Tedizolid Phosphate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Sivextro
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Because tedizolid is an antibiotic, there is a theoretical concern that it could reduce the amount of biotin that gut bacteria produce, but bacteria actually account for a pretty small slice of your daily biotin supply, and no clinical studies have shown that antibiotics meaningfully lower biotin levels in people. Given the insignificant rating here, most patients taking tedizolid do not need to worry about this or take a biotin supplement. If you have any questions, your pharmacist is always a good place to start.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Telavancin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Vibativ
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. There is a theoretical concern that antibiotics like telavancin could slightly reduce biotin because gut bacteria normally make a small amount of it, and antibiotics can disrupt those bacteria. That said, bacteria contribute less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, and real-world studies have not shown this to be a meaningful problem. For most people taking telavancin, no special action is needed, but if you have questions your pharmacist is always a good starting point.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Telithromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Ketek
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. Telithromycin is an antibiotic, and antibiotics can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut that normally produce small amounts of biotin. That said, this bacterial source accounts for only a minor slice of your daily biotin needs, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. For most people taking telithromycin, this is not something to worry about, but if you have questions about your nutrition during any antibiotic course, your pharmacist is a great first stop.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Temafloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Omniflox
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body needs to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. Temafloxacin is an antibiotic, and antibiotics in general can disrupt the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of biotin as a byproduct. That said, those bacteria only account for a modest share of your daily biotin, and no clinical research has actually shown that antibiotics cause a true biotin shortfall. For most people taking this medication, this is not something to worry about, but if you have questions, your pharmacist or doctor is always a good resource.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Tetracycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Sumycin, Sumycin 250, Tetrex BID
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nails healthy. The concern with tetracycline and biotin is that antibiotics can reduce the bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria naturally produce a small amount of biotin. That said, gut bacteria account for less than 20% of your daily biotin needs, so this theoretical dip is considered insignificant by the research. Most people taking tetracycline do not need to worry about this or take a biotin supplement, but if you have questions about your specific situation, your pharmacist or doctor is a great resource.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Ticarcillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Ticar
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thought here is that ticarcillin, like other antibiotics, might reduce the friendly gut bacteria that normally produce a small amount of biotin on your behalf. That said, those bacteria only account for a modest slice of your daily biotin supply, and clinical studies have not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. The evidence rates this as insignificant, so most people on ticarcillin do not need to worry about biotin or take a supplement.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Ticarcillin , Clavulanate
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Timentin
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thought here is that antibiotics like ticarcillin-clavulanate can disrupt the friendly bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin that your body can absorb. In practice, that bacterial contribution is a fairly minor slice of what you need each day, so losing it is unlikely to matter much. This is rated as insignificant, meaning most people taking this antibiotic have nothing to worry about on the biotin front.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Tigecycline
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Tygacil
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Tigecycline is an antibiotic, and there is a theoretical concern that antibiotics can reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce a small amount of biotin on your behalf. In practice, though, those bacteria account for less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, so this effect is considered insignificant. Most people taking tigecycline do not need to do anything about this, but if you have questions your pharmacist is happy to talk it through.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Tobramycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Nebcin, Tobi Podhaler, Bethkis
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body needs for energy metabolism and healthy hair, skin, and nerves. There is a theoretical concern that tobramycin, like other antibiotics, could nudge biotin levels down slightly by disrupting the gut bacteria that produce small amounts of it, but clinical research has not shown this to be a real problem in practice. Since bacterial synthesis accounts for only a small slice of your daily biotin needs anyway, the overall impact looks to be insignificant. Most people taking tobramycin do not need to worry about biotin or take a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Trimethoprim
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Proloprim, Trimpex
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. There is a theoretical concern that antibiotics like trimethoprim could nudge biotin levels down slightly, since gut bacteria normally produce a small amount of biotin that the body can absorb. In practice, that bacterial contribution is a pretty minor slice of your daily needs, and clinical research has not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking trimethoprim do not need to worry about it, though you are always welcome to bring it up with your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Troleandomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Tao
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. There is a theory that antibiotics like troleandomycin could nudge biotin levels down slightly, because gut bacteria normally make a small amount of biotin and antibiotics can disrupt those bacteria. In practice, though, that bacterial contribution is pretty modest, and clinical research has not shown a real deficiency developing. This one is rated insignificant, so most people do not need to take any action, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have concerns.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Trovafloxacin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Trovan, Trovan Injection
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses for energy metabolism and keeping your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. There is a theory that antibiotics like trovafloxacin could nudge biotin levels down slightly by disrupting the friendly bacteria in your gut that produce small amounts of it. That said, this has never actually been shown to happen in real patients, and gut bacteria only account for a small fraction of your daily biotin anyway. Given the insignificant rating here, most people taking this antibiotic have nothing to worry about, though you are always welcome to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Vancomycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Vancocin, Vancoled
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The thinking here is that vancomycin, like other antibiotics, could reduce the friendly gut bacteria that produce small amounts of biotin on your behalf. In practice, though, those bacteria only contribute a modest portion of what you need each day, and clinical studies have not shown that antibiotics actually cause biotin levels to drop in a meaningful way. This one is rated insignificant, so most people taking vancomycin do not need to worry about it or take a supplement, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Vancomycin Hydrochloride
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Firvanq
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The thought here is that vancomycin, like other antibiotics, might reduce the gut bacteria that produce small amounts of biotin as a byproduct. In practice, though, those bacteria account for less than a fifth of what you actually need each day, so this concern has never been shown to matter clinically. For most people taking vancomycin, no extra biotin is needed, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist or doctor if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Vonoprazan, Amoxicillin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Voquezna Dual
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The amoxicillin in this combination can affect the natural bacteria living in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of biotin. That said, the gut bacteria only contribute a modest share of your daily biotin needs, and clinical studies have not shown that antibiotics actually cause a meaningful drop in biotin levels. This is rated insignificant, so most people taking this short-course treatment do not need to do anything extra, but feel free to mention it to your pharmacist if you have questions.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Vonoprazan, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin
Insignificant DepletionBrand names include Voquezna Triple
Interference with the normal gastrointestinal flora by antibiotics may reduce bacterial synthesis of biotin. Although some bacterially-synthesized biotin can be absorbed from the lower intestine, this appears to contribute less than 20% of a person's daily requirement for biotin. Therefore it's unlikely that antibiotics would contribute to biotin deficiency.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nerves healthy. The clarithromycin and amoxicillin in this triple therapy can temporarily shift the balance of good bacteria in your gut, and those bacteria do make a small amount of biotin. That said, gut bacteria account for less than a fifth of your daily biotin needs, so this combination is very unlikely to cause a meaningful drop. Most people taking this short course of treatment do not need to do anything extra, but if you have questions about your specific situation, your pharmacist or doctor is a great person to ask.
References (4)
- Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
- Hill MJ. Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1997;6:S43-5. PubMed
- Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (2000). Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://b
- Grundy WE, Freed M, Johnson H.C., et al. The effect of phthalylsulfathiazole (sulfathalidine) on the excretion of B-vitamins by normal adults. Arch Biochem. 1947 Nov;15:187-94.
Full nutrient report for Vonoprazan, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin →
Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Triple Barbital
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to keep enzymes running properly, supporting energy metabolism and healthy cell function. Barbiturates like phenobarbital appear to interfere with biotin in more than one way: the drug's chemical structure is similar enough to biotin that they may compete for the same absorption sites in the gut and kidneys, and the body may also break down biotin faster while taking these medications. Studies have found blood biotin levels noticeably lower in some people on long-term phenobarbital therapy, so this is a real concern worth taking seriously. If you have been on one of these medications for a while, it is worth bringing up biotin levels with your doctor or pharmacist to see whether any action is needed.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Aprobarbital, Butabarbital, Phenobarbital →
Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Phenaphen
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Phenobarbital is the ingredient in this combination that researchers have linked to lower biotin levels, and biotin is something your body needs to convert food into usable energy and keep your skin and nervous system healthy. The leading thinking is that phenobarbital's chemical structure is similar enough to biotin that it can compete with biotin for the same absorption spots in the gut and the kidneys, meaning less biotin gets in and more gets lost in urine. Blood levels roughly half of normal have been seen in some long-term users, so this is rated a moderate concern worth taking seriously. If you have been on this medication for a while, it is a good idea to bring it up with your pharmacist or doctor to find out whether monitoring or a supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Aspirin, Codeine Phosphate, Phenobarbital →
Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Hypnaldyne
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. In this combination product, phenobarbital appears to be the ingredient most likely to affect biotin levels, possibly by competing with biotin for absorption in the gut and by causing the kidneys to hold onto less of it, so more gets lost in urine. Studies have found meaningfully lower biotin levels in people taking phenobarbital long-term, so this is rated a moderate concern worth paying attention to. If you have been on this medication for a while, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your biotin level should be checked or whether a supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital →
Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Barbidonna No. 2, Belladonna Phenobarbital
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Phenobarbital, the anticonvulsant in this combination, has been linked to noticeably lower biotin levels in the blood, with some studies showing levels roughly half those of people not taking the drug. Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to help enzymes convert food into energy and keep hair, skin, and nerves working properly. The leading thinking is that phenobarbital competes with biotin for the same absorption sites in the intestine and kidneys, so less biotin gets taken in and more may be lost in urine. Because this is rated moderate, long-term users are worth keeping an eye on, and it is a reasonable thing to bring up with your pharmacist or doctor.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine →
Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Barbeloid, Donnatal #2, Donphen
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Phenobarbital, one of the ingredients in this combination, has been linked to noticeably lower biotin levels in the blood. Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your metabolism running properly. The leading theory is that phenobarbital has a structural similarity to biotin, and the two may compete for the same absorption sites in the gut and kidneys, meaning less biotin gets in and more gets lost in urine. Because this is rated as a moderate depletion, long-term users are worth monitoring, so it is a good idea to bring this up with your pharmacist or doctor at your next visit.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Scopolamine, Phenobarbital →
Atropine, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Anthrocol
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Phenobarbital is the active player here when it comes to biotin, a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Research shows that people taking phenobarbital long-term can have blood biotin levels roughly half that of people not on the drug, likely because the medication competes with biotin for the same absorption sites in the gut and kidneys, and may also speed up how quickly the body breaks biotin down. This is rated a moderate depletion, so it is worth keeping an eye on rather than ignoring, especially with long-term use. Ask your pharmacist or doctor whether monitoring your biotin status or taking a supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Belladona Extract, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Chardonna-2
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your hair, skin, and nails healthy. Phenobarbital appears to interfere with biotin in several ways at once: it may compete with biotin for absorption in the gut, prompt the kidneys to flush more of it out in urine, and speed up how quickly the body breaks it down. Studies have found blood biotin levels noticeably lower in people taking phenobarbital long-term, so this is worth paying attention to rather than ignoring. If you have been on this medication for a while, it is reasonable to bring up biotin levels with your pharmacist or doctor to see whether any action makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Belladonna Alkaloids, Ergotamine Tartrate, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Bellaphen-S, Spastrin, Phenarbal S
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Phenobarbital, the active ingredient driving this interaction, appears to interfere with biotin, a B vitamin your body relies on to convert food into energy and keep your metabolism running smoothly. The barbiturate ring in phenobarbital closely resembles part of biotin's structure, so it may compete for the same absorption spots in the gut and the kidneys, and it may also speed up how quickly your body breaks biotin down. Studies have found blood biotin levels roughly half as high in people on phenobarbital compared to those not taking it, which is why this is rated a moderate depletion worth watching. If you have been on this medication long-term, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your biotin levels should be checked or whether a supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Belladonna Alkaloids, Ergotamine Tartrate, Phenobarbital →
Belladonna Alkaloids, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Barbidonna, Donnatal
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Phenobarbital appears to interfere with biotin in a few ways: it may compete with biotin for absorption in the gut, speed up how the body breaks it down, and reduce how much the kidneys hold onto rather than flushing out. Blood levels measured in people taking this medication have been notably lower than in those not taking it, which puts this in the moderate concern category. If you have been on phenobarbital long term, it is worth bringing this up with your pharmacist or doctor to see whether monitoring or a supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Belladonna Alkaloids, Phenobarbital →
Belladonna Extract, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Belap
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Phenobarbital appears to interfere with biotin in several ways at once: it may compete with biotin for absorption in the gut, push the kidneys to excrete more of it in urine, and speed up how fast the body breaks it down. Research has found that blood biotin levels can run notably lower in people taking phenobarbital long-term, so this is rated a moderate concern worth keeping an eye on. If you have been on this medication for a while, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your biotin status should be checked.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Belladonna Extract, Phenobarbital →
Belladonna, Ergotamine, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Bellergal-S
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Phenobarbital, one of the active ingredients in this combination, is the component linked to lower biotin levels. Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system working properly. Phenobarbital appears to interfere with biotin on more than one front: it may compete with biotin for absorption in the gut, speed up how quickly the body breaks it down, and reduce how much the kidneys hold onto rather than flush out. Research has found biotin levels noticeably lower in some long-term users, so if you take this medication regularly, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your biotin status should be checked or whether a supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Belladonna, Ergotamine, Phenobarbital →
Belladonna, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Bellophen, Susano
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Phenobarbital appears to interfere with biotin in a couple of ways: it may compete with biotin for absorption in the gut and may also cause the kidneys to flush more of it out in urine than usual. Research has found blood biotin levels noticeably lower in people taking phenobarbital long-term, so this is a real enough concern that some patients do need monitoring or a supplement. If you have been on this medication for a while, it is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor to see whether checking your levels makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Bellafoline, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Belladenal, Belladenal-S
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Phenobarbital appears to interfere with biotin in several ways at once: it may compete with biotin for absorption in the gut, cause the kidneys to flush more of it out in urine, and speed up how quickly the body breaks it down. Research has found blood biotin levels noticeably lower in people on this medication, so long-term users have a real reason to bring this up with their pharmacist or doctor, who can decide whether any monitoring or support makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Butabarbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include S.B.P.
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Barbiturates like phenobarbital appear to chip away at biotin, a B vitamin your body needs to convert food into energy and keep your metabolism running smoothly. This class of drugs may interfere with biotin from a few angles at once: blocking how well your gut absorbs it, nudging the kidneys to hold onto less of it, and possibly speeding up how fast the body breaks it down. Studies have found blood biotin levels noticeably lower in long-term users, so this is rated a moderate concern worth paying attention to. If you have been taking one of these medications for a while, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your levels should be checked or whether a supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Butabarbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital →
Butalbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Tribarb
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Barbiturates like phenobarbital appear to interfere with biotin from a few directions at once: the drug seems to compete with biotin for absorption in the gut, nudge the kidneys to hold onto less of it, and possibly speed up how fast the body breaks it down. Research has found that blood levels of biotin can be meaningfully lower in people on these medications, so this is rated a moderate concern worth paying attention to, especially with long-term use. If you have been on one of these medications for a while, it is worth asking your doctor or pharmacist whether your biotin levels should be checked or whether a supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Butalbital, Phenobarbital, Secobarbital →
Camphor, Hyoscyamine, Passif, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine, Valerian
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Nevrotose #3
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Phenobarbital, one of the ingredients in this combination, has been linked to noticeably lower biotin levels in the blood. Biotin is a B vitamin your body needs to convert food into energy and keep your metabolism running properly. The leading thinking is that phenobarbital competes with biotin for the same absorption sites in the gut and kidneys, and may also speed up how the body breaks biotin down, so less of it stays in circulation. Because this is rated as a moderate depletion concern, long-term users are worth monitoring, and it is reasonable to ask your pharmacist or doctor whether a biotin supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Camphor, Hyoscyamine, Passif, Phenobarbital, Scopolamine, Valerian →
Carbamazepine
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Tegretol, Tegretol XR, Equetro
Reduced plasma biotin levels have been found in people taking carbamazepine. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking carbamazepine or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, which is an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Carbamazepine contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear Theoretically, this interaction can also occur with oxcarbazepine (Trileptal).
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to keep enzymes running properly, supporting energy metabolism and healthy nerve function. Here is why carbamazepine is worth watching: the drug's chemical structure is similar enough to biotin that it may compete with biotin for the same absorption spots in the gut and kidneys, leaving less biotin available in the blood. Studies have found blood biotin levels noticeably lower in people taking this medication, so this is not just a theoretical concern. If you have been on carbamazepine long-term, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your biotin status should be checked.
References (8)
- Said HM, Redha R, Nylander W. Biotin transport in the human intestine: inhibition by anticonvulsant drugs. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49:127-31. PubMed
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
Dehydrocholic Acid, Homatropine Methylbromide, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include G.B.S.
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Phenobarbital, one of the ingredients in this combination, is the component most likely to affect biotin, a B vitamin your body needs to convert food into energy and keep skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Research suggests phenobarbital can lower biotin in a few ways: it may compete with biotin for absorption in the gut, cause the kidneys to excrete more of it in urine, and speed up the body's breakdown of it. Studies have found blood levels notably reduced in people taking phenobarbital long-term, so this is a moderate concern worth discussing with your pharmacist or doctor, especially if you have been on this medication for an extended period.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Dehydrocholic Acid, Homatropine Methylbromide, Phenobarbital →
Dicyclomine, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Bentyl w/ Pb
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Phenobarbital is the medication in this combination that researchers have linked to lower biotin levels, and biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The drug appears to interfere with biotin in more than one way: it may compete with biotin for absorption in the gut, cause the kidneys to hold onto less of it, and speed up how the body breaks it down. Because blood levels in some studies were notably lower in people taking phenobarbital, this is rated as a moderate concern worth keeping an eye on, meaning some long-term users may benefit from a supplement. Talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether monitoring or a biotin supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Lufyllin-EPG
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Phenobarbital, one of the ingredients in this combination, has been linked to noticeably lower biotin levels in the blood. Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to help convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Phenobarbital appears to interfere with biotin in several ways at once, including competing with it for absorption in the gut, speeding up how quickly the body breaks it down, and reducing how much the kidneys reclaim before it leaves in urine. Because this is rated as moderate depletion and some research found blood biotin roughly half of normal in long-term users, it is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor, especially if you have been on this medication for a long time.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Dyphylline, Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital →
Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Mudrane GG
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Phenobarbital, which is the active ingredient in this combination that drives this concern, appears to compete with biotin for the same absorption sites in the gut and kidneys, and it may also speed up how quickly the body breaks biotin down. Studies have found blood biotin levels notably lower in people taking phenobarbital long term, so this is worth a real conversation with your pharmacist or doctor if you have been on this medication for a while.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Ephedrine, Guaifenesin, Phenobarbital, Theophylline →
Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Quadrinal, Mudrane
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. Phenobarbital appears to interfere with biotin in several ways at once: it may compete with biotin for absorption in the gut, cause the kidneys to excrete more of it in urine, and speed up how quickly the body breaks it down. Research has found blood biotin levels roughly half as high in some people taking phenobarbital compared to those not on the drug, so this is worth taking seriously for long-term users. If you have been on phenobarbital for a while, it is a reasonable thing to bring up with your pharmacist or doctor to see whether any monitoring or supplementation makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Potassium Iodide, Theophylline →
Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Tedral
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Phenobarbital, the anticonvulsant in this combination, has been shown in studies to noticeably reduce biotin levels in the blood, sometimes by as much as half compared to people not taking it. Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to help enzymes process fats, carbohydrates, and proteins properly. The drug appears to interfere at several points: it may compete with biotin for uptake in the gut, speed up how the body breaks biotin down, and reduce how much the kidneys reclaim before it leaves in urine. Because this is rated moderate depletion and some long-term users do need to supplement, it is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor if you have been on this medication for an extended period.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Ephedrine, Phenobarbital, Theophylline →
Ergotamine, Belladonna, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Bellaspas, Bellamine, Eperbel-S
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system healthy. The phenobarbital component in this combination product is the concern here: research shows it can cut biotin levels significantly, possibly because phenobarbital competes with biotin for the same absorption sites in the gut and kidneys, and may also speed up how the body breaks biotin down. Because studies have found blood biotin levels noticeably lower in people taking phenobarbital long-term, this is worth a real conversation with your pharmacist or doctor, especially if you have been on this medication for a while.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Full nutrient report for Ergotamine, Belladonna, Phenobarbital →
Hyoscyamine, Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Levsin Pb, Levsinex Pb Timecaps
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Phenobarbital (one of the two ingredients in this combination) is the part that raises concern here: it appears to interfere with biotin, a B vitamin your body uses to turn food into energy and keep skin, hair, and nerves healthy. The drug may block absorption of biotin in the gut, cause the kidneys to flush out more of it in urine, and speed up how fast the body breaks it down. Blood levels roughly half those of people not on the drug have been reported, so this is rated moderate and worth keeping an eye on. If you have been taking this medication long term, it is a reasonable thing to bring up with your pharmacist or doctor to find out whether monitoring or a supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Mephenytoin
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Mesantoin
Reduced plasma biotin levels have been found in people taking phenytoin. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenytoin or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenytoin contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear Theoretically, this interaction can also occur with fosphenytoin (Cerebyx).
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nerves healthy. Mephenytoin, like related seizure medicines, may lower biotin in a few ways: it appears to compete with biotin for absorption in the gut, may cause the kidneys to hold onto less of it, and may speed up how the body breaks it down. Because studies have found meaningfully lower biotin levels in people on these medications, this is rated a moderate concern, and some long-term users do end up needing a supplement. It is worth bringing up with your pharmacist or doctor, especially if you have been on this medicine for a while.
References (6)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
Phenobarbital
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Solfoton, Luminal
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system working properly. Phenobarbital appears to interfere with biotin in a few ways: it may compete with biotin for the same absorption spots in the gut and kidneys, and it may also speed up how quickly the body breaks biotin down, so less ends up in the bloodstream. Studies have found blood biotin levels noticeably lower in people taking this medication long-term, so this is rated as a moderate concern worth paying attention to. If you have been on phenobarbital for a while, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your biotin levels should be checked or whether a supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Dilantin with PB
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to convert food into energy and keep your skin, hair, and nervous system working properly. Phenobarbital appears to interfere with biotin on a few fronts at once: it may compete with biotin for absorption in the gut, speed up how quickly the body breaks it down, and reduce how much the kidneys hold onto rather than flush out in urine. Research has found blood biotin levels noticeably lower in people taking this type of seizure medication, so this is worth paying attention to for long-term users. If you have been on phenobarbital for a while, it is a good idea to ask your pharmacist or doctor whether checking your biotin status makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Phenobarbital, Sodium Nitrate
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Soniphen
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking phenobarbital. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenobarbital or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenobarbital contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body relies on to convert food into energy and keep certain enzymes working properly. Phenobarbital appears to interfere with biotin in more than one way: it may compete with biotin for absorption in the gut, cause the kidneys to excrete more of it in urine, and speed up how the body breaks it down. Research has found blood biotin levels noticeably lower in people taking this type of seizure medication, so this is rated as a moderate concern worth paying attention to. If you have been on phenobarbital long-term, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether your biotin levels should be checked or whether a supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
Phenytoin
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Dilantin Kapseals, Dilantin, Di-Phen
Reduced plasma biotin levels have been found in people taking phenytoin. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking phenytoin or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Phenytoin contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear Theoretically, this interaction can also occur with fosphenytoin (Cerebyx).
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to run several key enzymes, including ones involved in energy and fat metabolism. Phenytoin appears to interfere with biotin in more than one way: it may compete with biotin for absorption sites in the gut, speed up how the body breaks biotin down, and reduce how much the kidneys recapture before it leaves in urine. Studies have found biotin levels noticeably lower in people taking this medication, so this is rated a moderate concern worth paying attention to. If you have been on phenytoin long-term, it is worth asking your pharmacist or doctor whether checking your biotin status or adding a supplement makes sense for you.
References (6)
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Mock NI, Nelson RP, Lombard KA. Disturbances in biotin metabolism in children undergoing long-term anticonvulsant therapy. J Pediatr Gastroentereol Nutr 1998;26:245-50.
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
Primidone
Moderate DepletionBrand names include Mysoline
Reduced plasma biotin levels can occur in people taking primidone. In one study, plasma levels were 50% lower in people taking primidone or various other anticonvulsants than in controls. There may also be increased urinary excretion of organic acids, which is an indicator of reduced biotin-dependent enzyme activity. Suggested mechanisms include competitive inhibition of biotin transport in the intestine, increased catabolism of biotin, and decreased renal tubular reabsorption of biotin. Primidone contains a carbamide group, which is also present in biotin, and may lead to competition for intestinal and renal tubular absorption sites. The clinical significance of these effects on biotin isn't clear, although it's suggested it may contribute to both anticonvulsant effects and side effects.
Biotin is a B vitamin your body uses to run several key enzymes, including ones involved in energy and fat metabolism. Primidone appears to interfere with biotin in a few ways: its chemical structure is similar enough to biotin that the two may compete for the same absorption spots in the gut and kidneys, and the drug may also speed up how quickly the body breaks biotin down. Studies have found blood biotin levels noticeably lower in people taking primidone long-term, so this is worth paying attention to rather than brushing aside. If you have been on primidone for a while, it is reasonable to ask your pharmacist or doctor whether monitoring or a supplement makes sense for you.
References (7)
- Said HM, Redha R, Nylander W. Biotin transport in the human intestine: inhibition by anticonvulsant drugs. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;49:127-31. PubMed
- Krause KH, Bonjour JP, Berlit P, Kochen W. Biotin status of epileptics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1985;447:297-313.
- Krause KH, Kochen W, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Excretion of organic acids associated with biotin deficiency in chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1984;54:217-22.
- Krause KH, Berlit P, Bonjour JP. Vitamin status in patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1982;52:375-85.
- Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002;132:3405-10. PubMed
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin deficiency results from long-term therapy with anticonvulsants (abstract). Gastroenterology 1995;108:A740. DOI
- Mock DM, Dyken ME. Biotin catabolism is accelerated in adults receiving long-term therapy with anticonvulsants. Neurology 1997;49:1444-7. PubMed
This tool is educational and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. An association is not a diagnosis and does not mean a deficiency will occur. Always talk to your pharmacist or healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication or supplement.
Disclaimer: This checker finds which nutrients might be depleted by prescription or over-the-counter medications. Each nutrient depletion issue is rated based on clinical significance. Use your own professional judgment prior to making clinical decisions.© 2026 Therapeutic Research Center Licensed records refresh weekly · last updated July 3, 2026.
What drug-induced nutrient depletion means
Some medications can, over time, lower the levels of certain vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients — through reduced absorption, increased loss, or changes in how the body uses them.
Association is not deficiency
An entry here means a depletion has been reported or studied — not that it happens to everyone, or that you are deficient. Dose, duration, diet, and your own health all matter.
Evidence varies by pair
Some drug–nutrient links (like metformin and vitamin B12) are well studied; others rest on limited or preliminary research. Each entry shows the evidence rating from our licensed clinical database.
When to ask about labs
If you take an associated medication long-term, ask your healthcare provider whether monitoring is appropriate for you. Not everyone needs testing — your provider can weigh your dose, duration, and symptoms.
Don't self-supplement blindly
Supplements are not risk-free: some can interact with medications, and some (like potassium or magnesium) can be risky with kidney disease. Talk to your pharmacist before adding anything.
Never stop a medication over this
These medications are prescribed for good reasons, and the benefit usually far outweighs a manageable nutrient consideration. Any change belongs in a conversation with your prescriber.
Food first, usually
For many nutrients, a varied diet covers the gap. Each entry lists common food sources; a supplement is a decision to make with your pharmacist or provider, not a default.
BIOTIN & medications: FAQs
Which medications can lower BIOTIN?
I take one of these medications — am I deficient in BIOTIN?
Should I start a BIOTIN supplement?
Where does this information come from?
Other commonly implicated nutrients
Wondering about your BIOTIN levels?
Ask a licensed pharmacist — free, no appointment needed.
Sources & How We Checked
Medication associations with BIOTIN are evidence-graded and sourced from the Natural Medicines database, and are displayed as published with their citations.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference for drug-induced nutrient depletions, supplements, and interactions — the basis for this page.
- MedlinePlus, U.S. National Library of Medicine — NIH consumer drug information, used for medication overviews across the site.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.