XROMI Hydroxyurea 100 mg/mL Solution
🆔 Identity & classification
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🏷️ RxNorm drug class
This medicine belongs to the Antimetabolite class.
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🏭 Manufacturer & labeler
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🩺 Clinical
- It's actually both, depending on the specific product. Droxia, Siklos, and Xromi are each approved to reduce the painful crises and blood transfusion needs in sickle cell anemia. H...
- What exactly is hydroxyurea used for — is it a cancer drug or a sickle cell drug?
- Very regularly — typically every two weeks while your dose is being adjusted. Hydroxyurea can lower your white blood cell and platelet counts, so monitoring is built into the treat...
- How often will I need blood tests while I'm on this medication?
Patient education
Supplement & herbal interactions
Some supplements/herbs that may interact with Hydroxyurea — tap one for details:
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💊 What it looks like
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🧪 Inactive Ingredients / Excipients
Inactive ingredients, also called excipients, are components of the drug product other than the active ingredient. They may include fillers, dyes, coatings, preservatives, flavors, or other formulation ingredients.
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IACT rows and label-wide narrative are kept separate; availability and product-level specificity depend on the submitted label.Inactive ingredient FAQ
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💲 Pricing
A drug doesn't have one price. Each row is a different public payment system, and none is what you'd pay at the counter — that depends on your insurance. The ⓘ on each row explains what it measures.
| Price system | Per mL | Per package |
|---|---|---|
| Retail pharmacies payNADAC · weekly | $4.957 | $733.61 / 148 ml |
| Medicaid paysCMS SDUD · 12 mo | $5.04 | $746.47 / 148 ml |
| Medicare drug plans payPart D · Q2 2026 | $5.12 | $758.41 / 148 ml |
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🔁 Therapeutic equivalents
| Product | Labeler | Pack | NADAC/unit | TE | Status | Price vs. this |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xromi 100 mg/mLthis 62484-0015-05 | Nova | 1 bottle | $4.957 | — | Availability likely | — |
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⏳ Availability & generic status
We did not find an FDA-approved generic match for this exact strength, form and route. Patent/protection dates below may affect future generic timing.
Why the date isn’t exact: Generic timing can change because patents may be challenged, settled, licensed, added, removed, or worked around with a narrower label — and FDA approval does not always mean a pharmacy can get the generic today.
🛈 What do these terms mean?
- Patent
- Legal protection listed in the Orange Book that may delay generic approval or launch. Issued by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office.
- Substance patent
- Covers the active drug molecule itself — the hardest to design around. A generic generally can’t launch until it expires.
- Formulation (product) patent
- Covers a specific formulation or dosage form. A generic can sometimes work around it with a different formulation.
- Method-of-use patent
- A patent covering one specific approved use of the drug — not necessarily the whole molecule. A generic can sometimes launch with a “skinny label” that carves out the protected use and keeps the others.
- Skinny label
- A generic label that omits a still-patented use when the FDA allows it — letting a generic reach the market for the unprotected uses.
- Exclusivity
- FDA-granted marketing protection, separate from patents — e.g. 5-yr new chemical entity, 7-yr orphan drug, or a +6-month pediatric extension.
- Paragraph IV
- A generic applicant’s formal challenge to a listed patent. It can potentially lead to earlier generic entry, but often involves litigation or a settlement.
- RLD / RS
- Reference Listed Drug — the brand product the FDA uses as the reference for generic applications. Reference Standard — the product the FDA expects generics to compare against in bioequivalence testing.
- TE / AB rating
- FDA therapeutic-equivalence rating. An AB rating generally means the FDA considers a generic therapeutically equivalent to — and substitutable for — the brand.
- LOE (loss of exclusivity)
- The latest patent or exclusivity currently listed — the loss-of-exclusivity / latest-listed-protection date shown on this page. Paragraph-IV challenges and settlements can move the real date earlier; FDA approval and a manufacturer’s decision to market can move it later.
Built from the FDA Orange Book. The bars above are scaled to each protection’s expiry; the red LOE marker is the last one to lapse.
| Patent | Type | Use code | Expires |
|---|---|---|---|
| US 12409156 ↗ | Drug product | — | Dec 23, 2041 |
| Code | What it grants | Expires |
|---|---|---|
| NP | New Product | Apr 4, 2027 |
| ODE-470 | Orphan Drug Exclusivity (7-year) | Apr 4, 2031 |
Is there a generic version of XROMI 100 MG/ML SOLUTION?
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🗺️ Medicaid utilization & spend
📊 Medicare Part D spend CMS · PART D · 2026 (Q1)
📦 Packaging — all sizes for this product
| Package NDC | Description | Marketing start | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62484-0015-05 You're viewing this | 1 BOTTLE in 1 CARTON (62484-0015-5) / 148 mL in 1 BOTTLE (62484-0015-4) | 2024-04-04 | Active |
📄 Full prescribing information FDA SPL
🚨 Boxed Warning ▾
WARNING: MYELOSUPPRESSION and MALIGNANCIES Myelosuppression: XROMI may cause severe myelosuppression. Do not give if bone marrow function is markedly depressed. Monitor blood counts at baseline and throughout treatment.
Interrupt treatment and reduce dose as necessary [see Warnings and Precautions(5.1) ] . Malignancies: Hydroxyurea is carcinogenic. Advise sun protection and monitor patients for malignancies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] .
WARNING: MYELOSUPPRESSION and MALIGNANCIES See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Myelosuppression: XROMI may cause severe myelosuppression. Do not give if bone marrow function is markedly depressed.
Monitor blood counts at baseline and throughout treatment. Interrupt treatment and reduce dose as necessary ( 5.1 ) . Malignancies Hydroxyurea is carcinogenic.
Advise sun protection and monitor patients for malignancies ( 5.3 ).
🎯 Indications and Usage ▾
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE XROMI is indicated to reduce the frequency of painful crises and reduce the need for blood transfusions in pediatric patients aged 6 months of age and older with sickle cell anemia with recurrent moderate to severe painful crises. XROMI is an antimetabolite indicated to reduce the frequency of painful crises and reduce the need for blood transfusions in pediatric patients aged 6 months of age and older with sickle cell anemia with recurrent moderate to severe painful crises. (1)
⏱️ Dosage and Administration ▾
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Initial dose: 15 mg/kg orally once daily. Monitor the patient’s blood count every two weeks. (2.1) The dose may be increased by 5 mg/kg/day every 8 to 12 weeks until a maximum tolerated dose or 35 mg/kg/day is reached if blood counts are in an acceptable range.
(2.1) The dose is not increased if blood counts are below the acceptable range and toxic. Discontinue XROMI until hematologic recovery if blood counts are considered toxic. Treatment may be resumed after reducing the dose by 2.5mg/kg/day to 5mg/kg/day from the dose associated with hematological toxicity.
(2.1) Renal impairment: Reduce the dose of XROMI by 50% in patients with creatinine clearance less than 60 mL/min. (2.2 , 8.6 , 12.3)
2.1Recommended Dosage The recommended XROMI dosage in pediatric patients aged 6 months and older is described in Table 1. Table 1. Dosing Recommendation Based on Blood Count Dosing Regimen Dose Dose modification criteria Monitoring parameters Initial Recommended dosing 15 mg/kg/day (rounded to nearest 10 mg) orally as a single dose once daily based on the patient’s actual body weight.
Monitor the patient’s complete blood count (CBC) with differential and reticulocyte count every 2 weeks while adjusting dosage [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Dosing Adjustment Based on Blood Counts in the acceptable range Increase dose 5 mg/kg/day every 8 to 12 weeks. Maximal dose: 35 mg/kg/day.* *Maximal dose is the highest dose that does not produce toxic blood counts over 24 consecutive weeks.
Increase dose only if blood counts are in an acceptable range. Do not increase if myelosuppression occurs. Target Blood Counts Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 1 to 3 x 10 9 /L and platelets at least 80 x 10 9 /L Dosing Adjustment Based on Blood Counts below acceptable range Do not increase dose.
If blood counts are considered toxic, discontinue XROMI until hematologic recovery. Blood Counts Toxic Range ANC less than 1 x 10 9 /L Platelets less than 80 x 10 9 /L Hemoglobin 20% decrease from baseline or hemoglobin less than 4.5 g/dL Reticulocytes less than 80 x 10 9 /L if the hemoglobin concentration is less than 9 g/dL. Dosing after Hematologic Recovery If hematologic toxicity resolved within 1 week, restart at the same XROMI dose.
If hematologic toxicity persisted for more than 1 week or occurred twice in a 3 month period, reduce dose by 5 mg/kg/day. Once a stable dose is established, monitor CBC with differential and reticulocyte count every 4 weeks for 2 months and then as clinically indicated. Caregivers must be able to follow directions regarding drug administration and their monitoring and care.
If a dose of XROMI is missed at the scheduled time, the patient should take the missed dose as soon as possible once it is noticed, but only on the same day. If this is not possible, the patient should skip the dose and continue with the next dose as prescribed. The patient should not take two doses to make up for a missed dose.
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels may be used to evaluate the efficacy of XROMI in clinical use. Obtain HbF levels every three to four months. Monitor for an increase in HbF of at least two-fold over the baseline value.
XROMI causes macrocytosis, which may mask the incidental development of folic acid deficiency. Prophylactic administration of folic acid is recommended.
2.2Administration Instructions XROMI is for oral use. See Instructions for Use for details on preparation and administration of XROMI for oral solution. Do not shake.
Two oral dosing syringes (one oral dosing syringe graduated to 3 mL and one oral dosing syringe graduated to 10 mL) are provided for accurate measurement of the prescribed dose of the oral solution. It is recommended that the healthcare professional advises the caregiver which oral dosing syringe to use to ensure that the correct volume is administered. The smaller 3 mL oral dosing syringe, marked from 0.5 mL to 3 mL, is for measuring doses of less than or equal to 3 mL.
This oral d…
💊 Dosage Forms and Strengths ▾
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Oral solution: 100 mg/mL clear colorless to pale yellow liquid in a multiple-dose amber bottle. Oral Solution: 100 mg/mL in a 148 mL multiple-dose bottle (3)
⛔ Contraindications ▾
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS XROMI is contraindicated in patients: who have demonstrated a previous hypersensitivity to hydroxyurea or any other component of its formulation. [see Adverse Reactions (6) ] . In patients who have demonstrated a previous hypersensitivity to hydroxyurea or any other component of its formulation. (4)
⚠️ Warnings and Cautions ▾
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Hemolytic anemia: Monitor blood counts throughout treatment. If hemolysis persists, discontinue XROMI. ( 5.2 ) Embryo-Fetal toxicity: Can cause fetal harm.
Advise of potential risk to a fetus and use of effective contraception. ( 5.4 , 8.1 , 8.3) Vasculitic toxicities: Institute treatment and discontinue XROMI if this occurs. (5.5) Live Vaccinations: Avoid live vaccine use in a patient taking XROMI.
(5.6) Risks with concomitant use of antiretroviral drugs: Pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity, and neuropathy have occurred. Monitor for signs and symptoms in patients with HIV infection using antiretroviral drugs; discontinue XROMI and implement treatment. (5.7)
5.1Myelosuppression Hydroxyurea causes severe myelosuppression. Do not initiate treatment with XROMI in patients if bone marrow function is markedly depressed. Bone marrow suppression may occur, and leukopenia is generally its first and most common manifestation.
Thrombocytopenia and anemia occur less often and are seldom seen without a preceding leukopenia. Some patients, treated at the recommended initial dose of 15 mg/kg/day, have experienced severe or life-threatening myelosuppression. Evaluate hematologic status (CBC, reticulocyte count) prior to and every 2 weeks during dose-escalation period of XROMI treatment.
Once a stable dose of XROMI is achieved, monitor every 4 weeks. Provide supportive care and modify dose or discontinue XROMI as needed. Recovery from myelosuppression is usually rapid when therapy is interrupted. [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] .
5.2Hemolytic Anemia Cases of hemolytic anemia in patients treated with hydroxyurea for myeloproliferative diseases have been reported [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) ] . Patients who develop acute jaundice or hematuria in the presence of persistent or worsening of anemia should have laboratory tests evaluated for hemolysis (e.g., measurement of serum lactate dehydrogenase, haptoglobin, reticulocyte, unconjugated bilirubin levels, urinalysis, and direct and indirect antiglobulin [Coombs] tests). In the setting of confirmed diagnosis of hemolytic anemia and in the absence of other causes, discontinue XROMI.
5.3Malignancies Hydroxyurea is a human carcinogen. In patients receiving long-term hydroxyurea for myeloproliferative disorders (a condition for which XROMI is not approved), secondary leukemia has been reported. Secondary leukemia has also been reported in patients treated with long-term hydroxyurea for sickle cell anemia.
Leukemia has also been reported in patients with sickle cell anemia and no prior history of treatment with hydroxyurea. All patients using XROMI should be followed up on a long-term basis with regular blood counts to detect development of leukemia. Skin cancer has also been reported in patients receiving long-term hydroxyurea.
Advise protection from sun exposure and monitor for the development of secondary malignancies.
5.4Embryo-Fetal Toxicity with Unapproved Use in Adolescents and Adults Based on the mechanism of action and findings in animals, XROMI can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Hydroxyurea was embryotoxic and teratogenic in rats and rabbits at doses 0.8 times and 0.3 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m 2 basis.
5.5Vasculitic Toxicities Cutaneous vasculitic toxicities, including vasculitic ulcerations and gangrene, have occurred in patients with myeloproliferative disorders during therapy with hydroxyurea. These vasculitic toxicities were reported most often in patients with a history of, or currently receiving, interferon therapy. If cutaneous vasculitic ulcers occur, institute treatment and discontinue XROMI.
5.6Live Vaccinations Avoid use of live vaccines in patients taking XROMI. Concomitant use of XROMI with a live virus vaccine may potentiate the replication of the virus and/or may increase the adverse reaction of the vaccine because normal defense mechanisms may be suppressed by XROMI. Vaccin…
🤒 Adverse Reactions ▾
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described in detail in other labeling sections: Myelosuppression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Hemolytic anemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Malignancies [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Vasculitic toxicities [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] Live vaccinations [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) Risks with concomitant use of antiretroviral drugs [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Macrocytosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ] Pulmonary toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Most common adverse reactions (incidence > 5%) are neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, and popular rash.
(6) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Rare Disease Therapeutics, Inc. at 844-472-7389 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
6.1Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of XROMI was evaluated in 32 pediatric patients aged 10 months -16 years with sickle cell anemia in a single-arm, open-label, prospective, multi-center, pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy study (HUPK study). Only adverse reactions associated with the use of XROMI in pediatric patients aged 10 months to less than 2 years are presented.
The most frequently reported adverse reactions in HUPK study (<33%) were neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia [see Table 3]. Table 3. Adverse Reactions Reported in Pediatric Patients Aged 10 Months and Older Enrolled in HUPK 10 Months–<2 Years 2 –<6 Years 6 –<18 Years Overall Body System Adverse Reactions (n=6)% (n=16)% (n=10)% (n=32)% Neutropenia 3 (50) 1 (6) 0 4 (13) Thrombocytopenia 2 (33) 1 (6) 0 3 (9) Diarrhea 1 (17) 0 0 1 (3) GGT Increased 0 0 1(10) 1 (3) Absolute Reticulocyte Count Decreased 1 (17) 0 0 1 (3) Alopecia 0 1 (6) 0 1 (3) Nail Discolouration 0 0 1 (10) 1 (3) Rash 0 0 1 (10) 1 (3) Rash Popular 0 1 (6) 1 (10) 2 (6)
6.2Post marketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of hydroxyurea. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency. Reproductive System and Breast disorders: azoospermia, and oligospermia Gastrointestinal disorders: stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation Metabolism and Nutrition disorders: anorexia Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: maculopapular rash, skin ulceration, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis-like skin changes, peripheral and facial erythema, hyperpigmentation, nail hyperpigmentation, atrophy of skin and nails, scaling, violet papules, and alopecia Renal and urinary disorders: dysuria, elevations in serum uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine levels Nervous system disorders: headache, dizziness, drowsiness, disorientation, hallucinations, and convulsions General disorders: fever, chills, malaise, edema, and asthenia Hepatobiliary disorders: elevation of hepatic enzymes, cholestasis, and hepatitis Respiratory disorders: diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, dyspnea, and pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, pneumonitis, alveolitis, allergic alveolitis and cough Immune disorders: systemic lupus erythematosus Hypersensitivity: Drug-induced fever (pyrexia) (>39°C, >102°F) requiring hospitalization has been reported concurrently with gastrointestinal, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, hepatobiliary, dermatological or cardiovascular manifestations.
Onset typically occurred within 6 weeks of initiation and resolved upon discontinuation of hydroxyurea. Upon re-administration fever reoccurred typically within 24 hours. Blood and lymphatic system disorders: hemolytic anemia
🔄 Drug Interactions ▾
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Antiretroviral drug. (7.1) Laboratory Test Interference. (7.2)
7.1Increased Toxicity with Concomitant Use of Antiretroviral Drugs Pancreatitis In patients with HIV infection during therapy with hydroxyurea and didanosine, with or without stavudine, fatal and nonfatal cases of pancreatitis have occurred. Hydroxyurea is not indicated for the treatment of HIV infection; however, if patients with HIV infection are treated with hydroxyurea, and in particular, in combination with didanosine and/or stavudine, close monitoring for signs and symptoms of pancreatitis is recommended. Permanently discontinue therapy with hydroxyurea in patients who develop signs and symptoms of pancreatitis.
Hepatotoxicity Hepatotoxicity and hepatic failure resulting in death have been reported during postmarketing surveillance in patients with HIV infection treated with hydroxyurea and other antiretroviral drugs. Fatal hepatic events were reported most often in patients treated with the combination of hydroxyurea, didanosine, and stavudine. Avoid this combination.
Peripheral Neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy, which was severe in some cases, has been reported in patients with HIV infection receiving hydroxyurea in combination with antiretroviral drugs, including didanosine, with or without stavudine.
7.2Laboratory Test Interference Interference with Uric Acid, Urea, or Lactic Acid Assays Studies have shown that there is an analytical interference of hydroxyurea with the enzymes (urease, uricase, and lactate dehydrogenase) used in the determination of urea, uric acid, and lactic acid, rendering falsely elevated results of these in patients treated with hydroxyurea. Interference with Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems Hydroxyurea may falsely elevate sensor glucose results from certain continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems and may lead to hypoglycemia if sensor glucose results are relied upon to dose insulin.
If a patient using a CGM is to be prescribed hydroxyurea, consult with the CGM prescriber about alternative glucose monitoring methods.
👥 Use in Specific Populations ▾
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary XROMI can cause fetal harm based on findings from animal studies and the drug’s mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ]. There are no data with XROMI use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, administration of hydroxyurea to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis produced embryotoxic and teratogenic effects at doses 0.8 times and 0.3 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m 2 basis (see Data ).
Advise women of the potential risk to a fetus and to avoid becoming pregnant while being treated with XROMI. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%–4% and 15%–20%, respectively. Data Animal Data Hydroxyurea has been demonstrated to be a potent teratogen in a wide variety of animal models, including mice, hamsters, cats, miniature swine, dogs, and monkeys at doses within 1-fold of the human dose given on a mg/m 2 basis.
Hydroxyurea is embryotoxic and causes fetal malformations (partially ossified cranial bones, absence of eye sockets, hydrocephaly, bipartite sternebrae, missing lumbar vertebrae) at 180 mg/kg/day (about 0.8 times the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m 2 basis) in rats and at 30 mg/kg/day (about 0.3 times the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m 2 basis) in rabbits. Embryotoxicity was characterized by decreased fetal viability, reduced live litter sizes, and developmental delays. Hydroxyurea crosses the placenta.
Single doses of ≥375 mg/kg (about 1.7 times the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m 2 basis) to rats caused growth retardation and impaired learning ability.
8.2Lactation Risk Summary It is not known whether XROMI is excreted in human milk, the effects of XROMI on the breastfed child, or the effects of XROMI on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed child from XROMI, including carcinogenicity, advise patients not to breastfeed during treatment with XROMI.
8.3Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Pregnancy Testing Verify the pregnancy status of females of reproductive potential prior to initiating XROMI therapy. Contraception Females XROMI can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ]. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during and after treatment with XROMI for at least 6 months after therapy.
Advise females to immediately report pregnancy. Males XROMI may damage spermatozoa and testicular tissue, resulting in possible genetic abnormalities. Males with female sexual partners of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during and after treatment with XROMI for at least 1 year after therapy [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1) ].
Infertility Males Based on findings in animals and humans, male fertility may be compromised by treatment with XROMI. Azoospermia or oligospermia, sometimes reversible, has been observed in men. Inform male patients about the possibility of sperm conservation before the start of therapy [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1) ].
8.4Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of XROMI have been established in pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with sickle cell anemia with recurrent moderate to severe painful crises. Use of XROMI in these age groups is supported by evidence from a pharmacokinetic, efficacy and safety study, in which 32 pediatric patients ages 6 months to <18 years were enrolled. Among the 32 pediatric patients treated with XROMI, 6 were infants (6 months – 2 years), 16 children (2-6 years) and 10 were adolescents (6-18 years) [see Clinical Studies (14) ].
Continuous follow-up of the growth of treated children is recommended.
8.6Renal Impairment The exposure to XROMI is higher in patients with creatinine clearance of less th…
🤰 Pregnancy ▾
8.1Pregnancy Risk Summary XROMI can cause fetal harm based on findings from animal studies and the drug’s mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ]. There are no data with XROMI use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk. In animal reproduction studies, administration of hydroxyurea to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis produced embryotoxic and teratogenic effects at doses 0.8 times and 0.3 times, respectively, the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m 2 basis (see Data ).
Advise women of the potential risk to a fetus and to avoid becoming pregnant while being treated with XROMI. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%–4% and 15%–20%, respectively. Data Animal Data Hydroxyurea has been demonstrated to be a potent teratogen in a wide variety of animal models, including mice, hamsters, cats, miniature swine, dogs, and monkeys at doses within 1-fold of the human dose given on a mg/m 2 basis.
Hydroxyurea is embryotoxic and causes fetal malformations (partially ossified cranial bones, absence of eye sockets, hydrocephaly, bipartite sternebrae, missing lumbar vertebrae) at 180 mg/kg/day (about 0.8 times the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m 2 basis) in rats and at 30 mg/kg/day (about 0.3 times the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m 2 basis) in rabbits. Embryotoxicity was characterized by decreased fetal viability, reduced live litter sizes, and developmental delays. Hydroxyurea crosses the placenta.
Single doses of ≥375 mg/kg (about 1.7 times the maximum recommended human daily dose on a mg/m 2 basis) to rats caused growth retardation and impaired learning ability.
🧒 Pediatric Use ▾
8.4Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of XROMI have been established in pediatric patients aged 6 months and older with sickle cell anemia with recurrent moderate to severe painful crises. Use of XROMI in these age groups is supported by evidence from a pharmacokinetic, efficacy and safety study, in which 32 pediatric patients ages 6 months to <18 years were enrolled. Among the 32 pediatric patients treated with XROMI, 6 were infants (6 months – 2 years), 16 children (2-6 years) and 10 were adolescents (6-18 years) [see Clinical Studies (14) ].
Continuous follow-up of the growth of treated children is recommended.
🆘 Overdosage ▾
10 OVERDOSAGE Acute mucocutaneous toxicity and neutropenia has been reported in patients receiving hydroxyurea at doses several times above the therapeutic dose. Soreness, violet erythema, oedema on palms and soles followed by scaling of hand and feet, severe generalized hyperpigmentation of the skin and stomatitis have been observed.
🧬 Clinical Pharmacology ▾
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1Mechanism of Action The precise mechanism by which hydroxyurea produces its cytotoxic and cytoreductive effects is not known. However, various studies support the hypothesis that hydroxyurea causes an immediate inhibition of DNA synthesis by acting as a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, without interfering with the synthesis of ribonucleic acid or of protein. The mechanisms by which XROMI produces its beneficial effects in patients with sickle cell anemia are uncertain.
Known pharmacologic effects of XROMI that may contribute to its beneficial effects include increasing HbF levels in red blood cells (RBCs), decreasing neutrophils, increasing the water content of RBCs, increasing deformability of sickled cells, and altering the adhesion of RBCs to endothelium.
12.2Pharmacodynamics In pediatric patients treated with hydroxyurea for up to 15 months, the ratio of fetal hemoglobin to total hemoglobin was 25%, 23.6% and 11.2% at the end of the study, representing a change from baseline increase of 9%, 148% and 167% in patients aged 6 months to <2 years, 2 to <6 years and 6 to <18 years, respectively.
12.3Pharmacokinetics Absorption Following oral administration of XROMI, hydroxyurea reaches peak plasma concentrations in 0 to 2 hours. Mean peak plasma concentrations and AUCs increase more than proportionally with increase of dose. Effect of Food There are no data on the effect of food on the absorption of hydroxyurea.
Distribution Hydroxyurea distributes throughout the body with a volume of distribution approximating total body water. Hydroxyurea concentrates in leukocytes and erythrocytes. Elimination Metabolism Up to 60% of an oral dose undergoes conversion through saturable hepatic metabolism and a minor pathway of degradation by urease found in intestinal bacteria.
Excretion In patients with sickle cell anemia, the mean cumulative urinary recovery of hydroxyurea was about 40% of the administered dose. Specific Populations Renal Impairment The effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of hydroxyurea was assessed in adult patients with sickle cell anemia and renal impairment. Patients with normal renal function (creatinine clearance [CrCl] >80 mL/min), mild (CrCl 50-80 mL/min), moderate (CrCl =30-<50 mL/min), or severe (<30 mL/min) renal impairment received a single oral dose of 15 mg/kg hydroxyurea.
Creatinine clearance values were obtained using 24-hour urine collections. Patients with ESRD received two doses of 15 mg/kg separated by 7 days; the first was given following a 4-hour hemodialysis session, the second prior to hemodialysis. The exposure to hydroxyurea (mean AUC) in patients with CrCl <60 mL/min and those with ESRD was 64% higher than in patients with normal renal function (CrCl >60 mL/min). [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Use in Specific Populations (8.6) ].
Pediatric Patients The model estimated steady state exposures (AUC) in pediatric patients receiving a daily dose of 15 mg/kg is lower in patients aged 6 months to <2 years and 2 to <6 years by 40% and 28% compared to adults receiving the same dose while the exposures in 6 to <18 year old patients are similar to adult exposures (XROMI is not approved for use in adults).
🧬 Mechanism of Action ▾
12.1Mechanism of Action The precise mechanism by which hydroxyurea produces its cytotoxic and cytoreductive effects is not known. However, various studies support the hypothesis that hydroxyurea causes an immediate inhibition of DNA synthesis by acting as a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, without interfering with the synthesis of ribonucleic acid or of protein. The mechanisms by which XROMI produces its beneficial effects in patients with sickle cell anemia are uncertain.
Known pharmacologic effects of XROMI that may contribute to its beneficial effects include increasing HbF levels in red blood cells (RBCs), decreasing neutrophils, increasing the water content of RBCs, increasing deformability of sickled cells, and altering the adhesion of RBCs to endothelium.
📦 How Supplied / Storage and Handling ▾
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
16.1How Supplied XROMI (hydroxyurea) 100 mg/mL is a colorless to pale yellow liquid supplied in an Amber type III glass bottle with tamper evident child-resistant closure (HDPE with expanded polyethylene liner) containing 148 mL of oral solution. Each carton NDC 62484-0015-5 contains 1 bottle XROMI NDC 62484-0015-4, an LDPE bottle adaptor and 2 oral dosing syringes (one oral dosing syringe graduated to 3 mL and one oral dosing syringe graduated to 10 mL).
16.2Storage Store XROMI between 2°C to 8°C (35°F to 46°F) excursions permitted to 25°C (77°F) for up to 72 hours. Keep the bottle tightly closed to protect the integrity of the product and minimize the risk of accidental spillage. Do not freeze. Use within 12 weeks after initially opening the bottle. Discard unused XROMI remaining after 12 weeks of first opening the bottle.
16.3Handling and Disposal XROMI is a hazardous drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures [see References (15) ] . Anyone handling XROMI should wash their hands before and after administering a dose.
To decrease the risk of exposure, parents and caregivers should wear disposable gloves when handling XROMI. To minimize air bubbles, the bottle should not be shaken prior to dosing. XROMI contact with skin or mucous membrane must be avoided.
If XROMI comes into contact with skin or mucosa, it should be washed immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. Spillages must be wiped immediately with a damp disposable towel and discarded in a closed container, such as a plastic bag. The spill areas should be cleaned three times using a detergent solution followed by clean water.
If contact with XROMI occurs in the eye(s), flush the eye(s) thoroughly with water or isotonic eyewash designated for that purpose for at least 15 minutes. Parents / care givers should be advised to keep hydroxyurea out of the sight and reach of children. Accidental ingestion can be lethal for children.
Oral dosing syringes should be rinsed and washed with cold or warm water and dried completely before the next use. Store oral dosing syringes in a hygienic place with the medicine.
📦 Storage and Handling ▾
16.2Storage Store XROMI between 2°C to 8°C (35°F to 46°F) excursions permitted to 25°C (77°F) for up to 72 hours. Keep the bottle tightly closed to protect the integrity of the product and minimize the risk of accidental spillage. Do not freeze. Use within 12 weeks after initially opening the bottle. Discard unused XROMI remaining after 12 weeks of first opening the bottle.
📋 Description ▾
11 DESCRIPTION XROMI (hydroxyurea) is available for oral use as oral solution containing 100 mg/mL hydroxyurea. Inactive ingredients include methyl parahydroxybenzoate, purified water, sodium hydroxide, strawberry flavor, sucralose and xanthan gum. Hydroxyurea is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
It is hygroscopic and freely soluble in water, but practically insoluble in alcohol. The empirical formula is CH 4 N 2 O 2 and it has a molecular weight of 76.05. Its structural formula is: Chemical Structure
💬 Information for Patients ▾
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the caregiver to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Instructions for Use and Medication Guide). There is a risk of myelosuppression. Emphasize the importance of monitoring blood counts every two weeks throughout the duration of therapy to caregivers of patients taking XROMI [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] .
Advise caregivers to report signs and symptoms of infection or bleeding in patients immediately. Advise caregivers of the risk of hemolytic anemia. Advise caregivers that the patient will have blood tests to evaluate for this if they develop persistent anemia. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] .
Advise caregivers that there is a risk of cutaneous vasculitic toxicities and secondary malignancies including leukemia. Advise use of sun protection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3 , 5.5) ] . Advise caregivers to inform the patient's healthcare provider if they have received or are planning to receive vaccinations while taking XROMI as this may result in a severe infection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] .
Advise females of reproductive potential of the potential risk to a fetus should they become pregnant while taking XROMI. Advise patients to inform their healthcare provider of a known or suspected pregnancy. Advise females and males of reproductive potential to use contraception during and after treatment with XROMI [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4) and Use in Specific Populations (8.1 , 8.3) ] .
Advise females to discontinue breastfeeding during treatment with XROMI [see Use in Specific Populations (8.2) ]. Advise male patients of potential risk to fertility. Advise caregivers of patients with HIV infection to contact their healthcare provider for signs and symptoms of pancreatitis, hepatic events, and peripheral neuropathy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] .
Advise patients to notify their healthcare provider if they are using a continuous glucose monitoring system while taking XROMI [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] . Advise caregivers of the symptoms of potential pulmonary toxicity and instruct them to seek prompt medical attention for the patient in the event of pyrexia, cough, dyspnea, or other respiratory symptoms [see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] . Because XROMI package includes two oral dosing syringes, advise patients on which oral dosing syringe they should use.
Manufactured by: Nova Laboratories Ltd. Leicester LE18 4YL United Kingdom Manufactured for: Rare Disease Therapeutics, Inc. 2550 Meridian Blvd., Suite 150 Franklin, Tennessee 37067 www.raretx.com U.S.
Patent: 12,409,156 Part Number: D001506/1