Drug & supplement interaction

Hirudotherapy + Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir

Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir brand name: Vosevi.

No Known Interaction
Medically reviewed by · Updated July 2026 · Pair last verified Sep 27, 2026
The bottom line No known interaction

We found no known interaction between Hirudotherapy and Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir in our sources. Absence of a documented interaction is not the same as proven safety, and does not guarantee one does not exist. Do not start, stop, or change a medication or supplement based on this page; confirm with your pharmacist or doctor first. Additionally, although there is no interaction, the two are separately associated with some of the same side effects, which would make a new symptom harder to attribute to one or the other.

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Interaction report

Hirudotherapy and Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir

We checked these two against our interaction database. Here is what we found.

No Known Interaction Found

We did not find a documented interaction between Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir and Hirudotherapy in our sources. This does not guarantee that the combination is completely free of risk — research on Hirudotherapy alongside specific medications may be limited.

Worth understanding: our licensed dataset holds no drug-interaction record for Hirudotherapy at all — not against Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir, and not against any other medication we track. This verdict therefore rests on the absence of any recorded data, not on research that looked at this combination and found nothing. We cannot rule an interaction out.

Hirudotherapy is a treatment rather than something you take. Tell whoever provides it which medicines you use, and ask your prescriber whether it is appropriate for your health and treatment. Do not stop a prescribed medicine on your own.

Always talk with your pharmacist or doctor before making changes to your medications or supplements, particularly if you take several medications or have an ongoing health condition.

Hirudotherapy safety at a glance

Hirudotherapy overall Use caution Should only be performed by trained practitioners using medical-grade leeches due to infection and bleeding risks.
Pregnancy Avoid Not enough safety data; the bleeding and infection risks make it best avoided in pregnancy.
Breastfeeding Avoid Safety during breastfeeding is unknown, so it is best avoided unless a doctor advises otherwise.

Safety guidance is general; always confirm with your pharmacist or doctor for your situation.

Still wondering about combining Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir and Hirudotherapy? Ask Dr. Brian Staiger, PharmD, BCPS directly ›
What to actually watch for

No Interaction Found — But Data Suggests Hirudotherapy and Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir May Share Several of the Same Side Effects

This is not an interaction. Neither one changes how your body handles the other, and nothing here says they react together. What our sources do show is that each has separately been linked to the effects below — so having Hirudotherapy while taking the medicine can make those effects more likely to turn up, and harder to pin on one or the other if they do.

  • Swelling Additional detail

    Hirudotherapy

    “Topically, hirudotherapy can cause itching, pain, vesicle formation, and skin redness at the application site. Less often, it can cause necrotic ulcers, keloid formation, allergic or irritant contact dermatitis, and skin infections. Use of leeches can sometimes cause infections with Aeromonas hydrophila, which is found in the leech gut, and also with parasites.”

    Hirudotherapy · Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, reported in cluster headache.

    6 sources cited
    1. 99392. Bibbo C, Fritsche T, Stemper M, Hall M. Flap infection associated with medicinal leeches in reconstructive surgery: two new drug-resistant organisms. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2013;29(7):457-60. PubMed
    2. 99394. Michalsen A, Lüdtke R, Cesur O, et al. Effectiveness of leech therapy in women with symptomatic arthrosis of the first carpometacarpal joint: a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2008;137(2):452-9. PubMed
    3. 99395. Pietrzak A, Kanitakis J, Tomasiewicz K, et al. Cutaneous complications of improper leech application. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012;19(4):790-2.
    4. 99397. van Alphen NA, Gonzalez A, McKenna MC, McKenna TK, Carlsen BT, Moran SL. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Aeromonas infection following leech therapy for digit replantation: report of 2 cases. J Hand Surg Am. 2014;39(3):499-502. PubMed
    5. 99398. Wang H, Zhang J, Chen L. The efficacy and safety of medical leech therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg. 2018;54(Pt A):53-61. PubMed
    6. 106752. Sepaskhah M, Yazdanpanah N, Sari Aslani F, Akbarzadeh Jahromi M. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma as a rare adverse effect of medicinal leech therapy: a case report and review of the literature. Cureus. 2020 Apr 2;12(4):e7517. PubMed

    “Topically, hirudotherapy has been associated with an infected anal abscess. A 32-year-old male presented with severe anal pain and swelling 3 days after hirudotherapy for hemorrhoids. The abscess required surgical drainage and treatment with antibiotics. The predominant organism identified was Escherichia coli.”

    Hirudotherapy · Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, reported in gastrointestinal bleeding.

    2 sources cited
    1. 106755. Mentes BB, Leventoglu S, Osmanov I, Kösehan D, Erol T. Anal abscess due to leech therapy of hemorrhoids: mumbo jumbo is still in vogue. J Surg Case Rep. 2019 Jul 31;2019(7):rjz218. PubMed
    2. 112898. Dolek UC, Ozdemir S, Babayeva K, Gol M. Leech Application-related Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Report. Bull Emerg Trauma 2023;11(1):47-50.

    Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir

    Listed in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of the FDA label for Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir. Read the label on DailyMed ›

  • A skin rash Additional detail

    Hirudotherapy

    “Hirudotherapy is generally well tolerated when used appropriately.

    Most Common Adverse Effects:

    Topically: Itching, bleeding, skin redness, and vesicle formation around the application site.

    Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):

    Topically: Anemia, contact dermatitis, hypotension, necrotic ulcers, pseudolymphoma, skin infections.”

    Hirudotherapy · Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, reported in anemia.

    Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir

    Listed in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of the FDA label for Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir. Read the label on DailyMed ›

  • Headache Additional detail

    Hirudotherapy

    Recorded for Hirudotherapy in the same Natural Medicines adverse-effect record shown under Swelling above.

    Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir

    Listed in the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of the FDA label for Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir. Read the label on DailyMed ›

Reported for Hirudotherapy but not commonly for Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir: bleeding in the gut, bleeding or bruising, low blood pressure and a higher chance of infection.

Effects for Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir come from the ADVERSE REACTIONS section of its FDA label; effects for Hirudotherapy come from the Natural Medicines adverse-effect record, quoted above. Wording is matched across sources by our own clinical vocabulary, so treat this as a prompt to pay attention, not a diagnosis.

Everything else you take

See Every Supplement That Interacts With Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir

This page covers Hirudotherapy only. If you take other supplements — a multivitamin, a sleep aid, something for joints — the Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir page lists 173 supplements it has a documented interaction with, worst first, each one explained.

The most serious there right now: Activated Charcoal (major), Grapefruit (major), St. John's Wort (major), Acacia Rigidula (moderate) and Adrafinil (moderate).

By severity: 3 major · 130 moderate · 40 minor.

From our pharmacist’s overview on the Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir page

“Vosevi (sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir) cures hepatitis C over a single short course, and that is exactly why I would be genuinely careful with supplements while taking it. Anything that drags its blood levels down can cost you the cure itself.”

Reviewed by 2 · Jul 18, 2026

Open the Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir interaction page

How much people look this up

Where Hirudotherapy and Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir Sit Against Everything Else

Out of every supplement and medication people look up on HelloPharmacist, here is where these two land this week — and which way each has been moving.

Supplement Hirudotherapy
Steady interest

#1,223 of 1,452 supplements looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today
Medication Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir
Top 25%

#389 of 2,830 medications looked up here in the last 7 days

29 days ago today

Position among everything looked up on this site, not a measure of how commonly either one is used or how important it is. A supplement can climb this list because of a news story. It counts every request to the page, automated ones included, and nothing here identifies anyone.

Where does our data come from?
  • Source: the Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) clinical database — the evidence-graded professional reference for herb & supplement interactions.
  • Citation library: 103,510 references behind our interaction content, 65,311 of them resolved to verified PubMed/DOI sources. See every Hirudotherapy reference on this page ↓
  • Freshness: we automatically re-check this combination every week — this pair was last verified September 27, 2026. The Hirudotherapy and Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir records this page draws on were last updated July 10, 2026.
  • What “no known interaction” means: no documented interaction in the sources above — not a guarantee of safety. Supplements are studied far less than prescription drugs, so we say exactly what the evidence supports, and nothing more.
Data structure & sourcing designed and verified by .
Treatment approach

About Hirudotherapy

What is Hirudotherapy?

  • Reconstructive and plastic surgery (relieving blood congestion in reattached tissue)
  • Osteoarthritis and joint pain
  • Circulation problems
  • Varicose veins
  • Traditional treatment for various inflammatory conditions

Hirudotherapy is the medical use of living leeches placed on the skin to draw blood and release saliva compounds that thin blood and ease congestion. It has a real, accepted role in some surgical settings (such as saving reattached fingers or skin flaps), but evidence for most other uses is limited. It should only be done by trained professionals because of risks of infection and bleeding.

Hirudo medicinalis · Hirudinidae · Whole living medicinal leech (and its saliva) · Live medicinal leeches applied to the skin by a trained practitioner

An interaction check asks whether these two react with each other — it does not ask whether Hirudotherapy is a good idea for someone in your situation. Here is what our Hirudotherapy record says about it on its own.

Hirudotherapy: dosing

There is no standardized "dose" for hirudotherapy. The number of leeches, where they are placed, and how long treatment continues are decided by the treating clinician based on the medical situation, such as how much blood is congested in a tissue flap.This is a medical procedure, not a supplement you take at home.

From our Hirudotherapy monograph — the full record covers uses, side effects and every documented interaction.

Read the full Hirudotherapy monograph & all interactions
Medication

About Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, and Voxilaprevir

What Is Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, and Voxilaprevir Used For?

Brand name: Vosevi

Vosevi is used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults without cirrhosis (liver scarring) or with compensated cirrhosis (mild liver scarring, Child-Pugh A). It is specifically for people who have already tried an HCV treatment that did not fully work.

Vosevi is approved for adults with HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 who were previously treated with a regimen containing an NS5A inhibitor. It is also approved for adults with genotype 1a or 3 who were previously treated with sofosbuvir without an NS5A inhibitor. Note: Vosevi has not been shown to offer additional benefit over sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for adults with genotype 1b, 2, 4, 5, or 6 who received sofosbuvir without an NS5A inhibitor.

See full Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, and Voxilaprevir drug information
Keep checking

Other Drugs & Hirudotherapy

Browse every other medication we’ve checked against Hirudotherapy — both the ones with a known interaction and the ones without. Select any drug for the full detail.

0Major
0Moderate
0Minor
2,829No known interaction
2,829 No interaction
No interaction 2,829 drugs checked — show the list

We also checked Hirudotherapy against these medications and found no known interaction in our sources. Open any page to confirm.

Showing the 60 most looked-up of 2,829 medications checked with no known interaction — see the full Hirudotherapy list.

See the full Hirudotherapy interactions page
See every supplement checked against Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir, ranked by severity
Evidence & sources

Hirudotherapy References

The 15 references that drive our Hirudotherapy monograph and interaction data, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Citations with a link open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

  1. Altamura D, Calonje E, Liau Jl, Rogers M, Verdolini R. Diffuse cutaneous pseudolymphoma due to therapy with medicinal leeches. JAMA Dermatol. 2014;150(7):783-4. PubMed
  2. Bibbo C, Fritsche T, Stemper M, Hall M. Flap infection associated with medicinal leeches in reconstructive surgery: two new drug-resistant organisms. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2013;29(7):457-60. PubMed
  3. Khelifa E, Kaya G, Laffitte E. Cutaneous pseudolymphomas after leech therapy. J Dermatol. 2013;40(8):674-5. doi: PubMed
  4. Michalsen A, Lüdtke R, Cesur O, et al. Effectiveness of leech therapy in women with symptomatic arthrosis of the first carpometacarpal joint: a randomized controlled trial. Pain. 2008;137(2):452-9. PubMed
  5. Pietrzak A, Kanitakis J, Tomasiewicz K, et al. Cutaneous complications of improper leech application. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2012;19(4):790-2.
  6. van Alphen NA, Gonzalez A, McKenna MC, McKenna TK, Carlsen BT, Moran SL. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Aeromonas infection following leech therapy for digit replantation: report of 2 cases. J Hand Surg Am. 2014;39(3):499-502. PubMed
  7. Wang H, Zhang J, Chen L. The efficacy and safety of medical leech therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg. 2018;54(Pt A):53-61. PubMed
  8. Zengin S, Yarbil P, Kilic H, Al B. Prolonged bleeding due to a medicinal leech bite: another treatment method, primary suture. BMJ Case Rep. 2012;2012. pii: bcr0220125759. PubMed
  9. Sepaskhah M, Yazdanpanah N, Sari Aslani F, Akbarzadeh Jahromi M. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma as a rare adverse effect of medicinal leech therapy: a case report and review of the literature. Cureus. 2020 Apr 2;12(4):e7517. PubMed
  10. Temiz SA, Özer I, Ataseven A, Dursun R, Findik S. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma due to hirudotherapy. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2019;43(1):50-2. PubMed
  11. Daye M, Isik B, Kilinç F. Lichen planus due to hirudotherapy. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2021;45(2):149-52. PubMed
  12. Mentes BB, Leventoglu S, Osmanov I, Kösehan D, Erol T. Anal abscess due to leech therapy of hemorrhoids: mumbo jumbo is still in vogue. J Surg Case Rep. 2019 Jul 31;2019(7):rjz218. PubMed
  13. Kiliç M, Ak R. Orbital cellulitis due to leech therapy. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2019 Jul;7(3):335-6. PubMed
  14. Dolek UC, Ozdemir S, Babayeva K, Gol M. Leech Application-related Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case Report. Bull Emerg Trauma 2023;11(1):47-50.
  15. Resch JC, Hedstrom R, Steiner ME, Said SM, Somani A. Hirudotherapy for limb ischemia in the pediatric intensive care unit: A retrospective observational cohort. Front Pediatr 2023;10:1011171. PubMed

Medication overviews come from MedlinePlus (NIH); supplement label data from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists — see our data sources and editorial standards.

Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Having Hirudotherapy While Taking Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir: Common Questions

Is it safe to have Hirudotherapy while taking Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir?
We do not list a known interaction between Hirudotherapy and Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir. That does not guarantee the combination is risk-free, so confirm with your pharmacist or doctor — especially if you take other medications or have a health condition.
Do Hirudotherapy and Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir have any of the same side effects?
Yes — our sources link each of them separately to 3 of the same effects. That is not an interaction: neither changes how your body handles the other. It does mean that if one of those effects turns up, it can be harder to tell which one is behind it. They are listed on this page with the source behind each.
Does Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir interact with any supplements?
Yes. Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir has documented interactions with 173 supplements in our database — Hirudotherapy is not one of them. The Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir interaction page linked on this page lists every one, ranked by severity.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Where next

Keep Exploring

Hirudotherapy monograph Uses, safety profile, and every drug interaction in one place Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, and Voxilaprevir drug information The full plain-English guide to this medication Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir supplement interactions Every supplement checked against Sofosbuvir, Velpatasvir, Voxilaprevir, ranked by severity Supplement interaction checker Check any supplement or product against your medications Browse medications A–Z Every drug we’ve checked against herbs & supplements References The 15 citations behind this page Ask a pharmacist Free, personal answer from our licensed team

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This information is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always check with your pharmacist or doctor before starting, stopping, or combining supplements and medications.