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Dietary supplement

A.Vogel Bronchosan Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Bioforce

Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

A.Vogel Bronchosan is a dietary supplement by Bioforce with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for cough and chest congestion, bronchitis, asthma symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 1,243 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Licorice (root) extract, Thyme (aerial part) (fresh) extract, English Ivy (aerial part) (fresh) extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of A.Vogel Bronchosan by Bioforce

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

A.Vogel Bronchosan contains 3 active ingredients: English ivy (aerial part) fresh extract, thyme (aerial part) fresh extract, and licorice (root) extract. These are delivered in a liquid form that also contains alcohol (51% v/v), anise oil, and eucalyptus oil as inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Promotes healthy respiratory system and lung function.
  • We looked for evidence on: Asthma, Bronchitis, Common cold, Cough, Laryngitis, Respiratory tract infections — and 4 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: English Ivy is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Bronchitis (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: English Ivy is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Respiratory tract infections, Cough.
  • Also on file: Thyme is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Bronchitis, Common cold, Cough, Tonsillitis.

The evidence for this product's ingredients is limited. English ivy extract has insufficient reliable evidence to rate it for bronchitis, respiratory tract infections, gout, spasticity, or neuropathic pain.

Thyme extract also shows insufficient reliable evidence for bronchitis, common cold, aging skin, or alopecia areata. Licorice extract is rated possibly effective for canker sores and atopic dermatitis (eczema), though it has insufficient reliable evidence for conditions like Addison disease and asthma.

Overall, the clinical evidence behind this formulation for its intended respiratory uses remains unclear in the data we hold.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient English Ivy Thyme Licorice

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

English ivy extract and thyme are generally well tolerated when used in the standardized extracts found in this product, though adverse effects do occur. With English ivy, you might experience abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, or vomiting when taken by mouth.

Thyme may cause allergic reactions, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, heartburn, nausea, or vomiting. Licorice is well tolerated in small food amounts, but at medicinal doses it can cause serious problems with long-term or high-dose use—most commonly headache, nausea, and vomiting.

During pregnancy, English ivy is not recommended due to insufficient safety data, and licorice should be avoided because glycyrrhizin has been linked to harmful effects. While breastfeeding, safety data for English ivy and licorice is lacking, so both should be avoided unless your doctor approves.

Thyme is likely safe during pregnancy and lactation in the amounts found in food.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient English Ivy Thyme Licorice

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — English Ivy, Thyme, Licorice.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; heart-rhythm medications.
  • For scale: 1,244 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your pharmacist if you take warfarin (a blood thinner), since licorice may reduce its effectiveness. You should also double-check if you use digoxin (a heart medication), any estrogen replacement therapy, blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs, anticholinergic or cholinergic drugs, loop diuretics (water pills), chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin or paclitaxel, or midazolam (a sedative).

Altogether, these interactions span 1,226 individual medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

If you're exploring A.Vogel Bronchosan for respiratory symptoms, know that the evidence supporting its ingredients remains unclear. The bigger concern is medication interaction—especially if you take warfarin, digoxin, estrogen replacement, or any water pills.

Talk to your pharmacist or doctor before starting, particularly if you're pregnant, breastfeeding, or taking any regular medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Oct 25, 2013.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about A.Vogel Bronchosan, straight from the product label.

Brand Bioforce
Barcode (UPC) 364031530708
Net contents 1.7 fl. Oz.; 50 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Oct 25, 2013
DSLD ID 26283
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Children more than 1 but less than 4
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for A.Vogel Bronchosan by Bioforce, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
5 Drop(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
20 Drop(s)
Servings per container
88
UPC/BARCODE
364031530708
IngredientAmount% DV
English Ivy (aerial part) (fresh) extract215 mg--
Thyme (aerial part) (fresh) extract188 mg--
Licorice (root) extract134 mg--

Other ingredients: Alcohol 51% v/v, Anise oil, Eucalyptus oil

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

Like Fresh Herbs in a bottle. Exclusive A.Vogel Formula Made according to Swiss Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Practices Standardized Tests before, during and after processing guarantee uniform quality and purity

Special dispensing insert guarantees accurate measurement and helps prevent contamination Organic cultivation certified by Bio-Suisse

Swiss Product

Promotes healthy respiratory system and lung function

Bioforce uses a unique process-extracting from fresh herbs, not dried. Fresh herbs are harvested at their prime and usually processed within 24 hours before they can dry out. Special extraction process guarantees a maximum of important fresh elements inherent in each herb.

Best Before: Lot No.:

Making Nature Work

Fresh Herb Extract

Bronchial Drops

Formulation

Contains organically grown herbs

Cultivation with a Conscience

Organically Grown

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Adults: 20 drops (Children 2-12 years 5 drops) in a small amount of water 3-5 times a day, after meals.

Precautions

Safety Sealed Bottle. If ring at bottom of cap is missing or broken, do not use!

Keep out of reach of children.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General

95540.04 280307

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Seals/Symbols

SWISS GMP Standards

Bioforce

Brand IP Statement(s)

(C) 2004, Bioforce AG Switzerland

See for yourself

A.Vogel Bronchosan by Bioforce label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in A.Vogel Bronchosan by Bioforce

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size5 Drop(s) Dosage formLiquid Servings per container88 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

215 mg per serving

English ivy leaf extract is most commonly used in cough and cold syrups to help loosen mucus and ease coughing, and it is a popular ingredient in many...

English Ivy (aerial part) (fresh) extract monograph & interactions

Thyme (aerial part) (fresh) extract

Interacts with
379 drugs
188 mg per serving

Thyme is a common kitchen herb that has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and digestive complaints. It is generally safe in the amounts found i...

Thyme (aerial part) (fresh) extract monograph & interactions

Licorice (root) extract

Interacts with
1,040 drugs
134 mg per serving

Licorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most uses. Regu...

Licorice (root) extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Alcohol 51% v/v, Anise oil, Eucalyptus oil. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

A.Vogel Bronchosan by Bioforce Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against A.Vogel Bronchosan?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,243Drugs
1,207 Moderate 36 Minor

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in A.Vogel Bronchosan with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Licorice (root) extract18 drug types · 1,040 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
In human research, licorice increases blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)

Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of cisplatin.
In animal research, licorice diminished the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Corticosteroids

Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice and corticosteroids might increase the side effects of corticosteroids.
Case reports suggest that concomitant use of licorice and oral corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, can potentiate the duration of activity and increase blood levels of corticosteroids. Additionally, in one case report, a patient with neurogenic orthostatic hypertension stabilized on fludrocortisone 0.1 mg twice daily developed pseudohyperaldosteronism after recent consumption of large amounts of black licorice.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that licorice extract and glabridin, a licorice constituent, inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes. Licorice extract from the species G. uralensis seems to inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes to a greater degree than G. glabra extract in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6; however, these interactions have not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro, licorice extracts from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibit CYP2C19 isoenzymes in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates

Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
In vitro, licorice extract from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibits CYP2C8 isoenzymes. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
There is conflicting evidence about the effect of licorice on CYP2C9 enzyme activity. In vitro research shows that extracts from the licorice species G. glabra and G. uralensis moderately inhibit CYP2C9 isoenzymes. However, evidence from an animal model shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis can induce hepatic CYP2C9 activity. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP2C9 substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin, taken in a dosage of 150 mg orally twice daily for 14 days, modestly decreases the area under the concentration-time curve of midazolam by about 20%. Midazolam is a substrate of CYP3A4, suggesting that glycyrrhizin modestly induces CYP3A4 activity. Animal research also shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis induces CYP3A4 activity. However, licorice extract from G. glabra species appear to inhibit CYP3A4-induced metabolism of testosterone in vitro. It is thought that the G. glabra inhibits CYP3A4 due to its constituent glabridin, which is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor in vitro and not present in other licorice species. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP3A4 substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with digoxin might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity.
Overuse or misuse of licorice with cardiac glycoside therapy might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity due to potassium loss.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Overuse of licorice might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. In one case report, a 72-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arrhythmia, stroke, and hepatic dysfunction was hospitalized with severe hypokalemia and uncontrolled hypertension due to pseudohyperaldosteronism. This was thought to be provoked by concomitant daily consumption of a product containing 225 mg of glycyrrhizin, a constituent of licorice, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for 1 month.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease the effects of estrogen therapy.
Theoretically, licorice might interfere with estrogen therapy due to estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Loop Diuretics

Theoretically, loop diuretics might increase the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice.
Theoretically, loop diuretics might enhance the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice by inhibiting the enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone; however, bumetanide (Bumex) does not appear to have this effect.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Midazolam (Versed)

Theoretically, licorice might decrease levels of midazolam.
In humans, the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin appears to moderately induce the metabolism of midazolam. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 by licorice. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking midazolam.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, licorice might decrease the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice can increase P-glycoprotein activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Paclitaxel (Abraxane, Onxol)

Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of paclitaxel.
Multiple doses of licorice taken concomitantly with paclitaxel might reduce the effectiveness of paclitaxel. Animal research shows that licorice 3 grams/kg given orally for 14 days before intravenous administration of paclitaxel decreases the exposure to paclitaxel and increases its clearance. Theoretically, this occurs because licorice induces cytochrome P450 3A4 enzymes, which metabolize paclitaxel. Notably, a single dose of licorice did not affect exposure or clearance of paclitaxel.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of warfarin.
Licorice seems to increase metabolism and decrease levels of warfarin in animal models. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) metabolism by licorice. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid taking licorice.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice induces CYP1A2 enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)

Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of methotrexate.
Animal research suggests that intravenous administration of glycyrrhizin, a licorice constituent, and high-dose methotrexate may delay methotrexate excretion and increase systemic exposure, leading to transient elevations in liver enzymes and total bilirubin. This interaction has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D

Thyme (aerial part) (fresh) extract4 drug types · 379 drugs

Anticholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of anticholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might reduce the effects of anticholinergic drugs.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, thyme leaf extract might have additive effects with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
In vitro and animal research suggests that thyme leaf extract has antiplatelet effects. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cholinergic Drugs

Theoretically, concurrent use of cholinergic drugs and thyme essential oil might cause additive cholinergic effects.
In vitro evidence suggests that thyme essential oil and specific essential oil constituents like thymohydroquinone and carvacrol can inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, thyme might competitively inhibit the effects of estrogen replacement therapy.
In vitro research shows that thyme has estrogen receptor-binding activity and phytoestrogen content. However, this effect has not been observed in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

English Ivy (aerial part) (fresh) extract3 drug types · 280 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro research shows that English ivy inhibits CYP2C19 enzymes. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates

Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
In vitro research shows that English ivy inhibits CYP2C8 enzymes. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, English ivy might increase the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that English ivy inhibits CYP2D6 enzymes. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for A.Vogel Bronchosan, from the product label.

Bioforce

See all Bioforce products
Name
Bioforce AG
Street Address
CH-9325
City
Roggwil TG
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

A.Vogel Bronchosan by Bioforce: Common Questions

Does A.Vogel Bronchosan by Bioforce interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, A.Vogel Bronchosan has a known interaction with 1,243 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
A.Vogel Bronchosan contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this while I'm pregnant?
English ivy and licorice should be avoided during pregnancy—licorice because glycyrrhizin has been linked to harmful effects, and English ivy due to insufficient safety data. Thyme in food amounts is likely safe, but medicinal doses haven't been studied enough. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized advice.
Is this safe while breastfeeding?
Safety data for English ivy and licorice while breastfeeding is unknown, so both should be avoided unless your doctor approves. Thyme in food amounts is likely safe, but there isn't enough data for medicinal doses. Check with your pharmacist before using.
What side effects might I experience?
The most common side effects are gastrointestinal: abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting from English ivy or thyme, and headache, nausea, or vomiting from licorice. Allergic reactions and skin irritation are also possible. Stop using and contact your doctor if side effects are bothersome.
Does this product actually work for bronchitis or colds?
The evidence behind English ivy and thyme for bronchitis and respiratory infections is insufficient to rate—meaning we don't have enough reliable data to say whether they work. Licorice is possibly effective for canker sores and eczema, but that's a different use. Talk with your doctor about what may help your respiratory symptoms.
Why is there alcohol in the liquid?
The product contains 51% alcohol v/v. If you need to avoid alcohol—for example, if you take certain medications or have alcohol-related health concerns—discuss this formulation with your pharmacist; they may suggest an alternative.
What is licorice extract used for in this product?
Licorice is included as one of the three active ingredients in this respiratory formulation. While licorice extract is possibly effective for canker sores and eczema, its role here is intended to support respiratory health, though the evidence for that use is insufficient.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

A.Vogel Bronchosan label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

A.Vogel Bronchosan's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 123 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

English Ivy 13 references
  1. Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. Terry C. Telger, transl. 3rd ed. Berlin, GER: Springer, 1998.
  2. Fazio S, Pouso J, Dolinsky D, et al. Tolerance, safety and efficacy of Hedera helix extract in inflammatory bronchial diseases under clinical practice conditions: a prospective, open, multicentre postmarketing study in 9657 patients. Phytomedicine 2009;16 PubMed
  3. García M, Fernández E, Navarro JA, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis from Hedera helix L. Contact Dermatitis 1995;33(2):133-4.
  4. Hausen BM, Brohan J, Konig WA, et al. Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis from falcarinol and didehydrofalcarinol in common ivy (Hedera helix L.). Contact Dermatitis 1987;17(1):1-9.
  5. Mitchell, J. C. Allergic contact dermatitis from Hedera helix and Brassaia actinophylla (Araliaceae). Contact Dermatitis 1981;7(3):158-159.
  6. Boyle J, Harman RM. Contact dermatitis to Hedera helix (common ivy). Contact Dermatitis 1985;12(2):111-112. PubMed
  7. Yesudian PD, Franks A. Contact dermatitis from Hedera helix in a husband and wife. Contact Dermatitis 2002;46(2):125-126.
  8. Bregnbak D, Menné T, Johansen JD. Airborne contact dermatitis caused by common ivy (Hedera helix L. ssp. helix). Contact Dermatitis. 2015;72(4):243-4.
  9. Jones JM, White IR, White JM, McFadden JP. Allergic contact dermatitis to English ivy (Hedera helix)--a case series. Contact Dermatitis. 2009 Mar;60(3):179-80.
  10. Lurquin E, Swinnen I, Goossens A. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by Hedera helix arborescens and not by Hedera helix L. Contact Dermatitis. 2012;66(6):352-3.
  11. Paulsen E, Christensen LP, Andersen KE. Dermatitis from common ivy (Hedera helix L. subsp. helix) in Europe: past, present, and future. Contact Dermatitis. 2010;62(4):201-9.
  12. Rehman SU, Kim IS, Choi MS, Kim SH, Zhang Y, Yoo HH. Time-dependent Inhibition of CYP2C8 and CYP2C19 by Hedera helix Extracts, A Traditional Respiratory Herbal Medicine. Molecules. 2017;22(7). PubMed
  13. Kruttschnitt E, Wegener T, Zahner C, Henzen-Bücking S. Assessment of the Efficacy and Safety of Ivy Leaf (Hedera helix) Cough Syrup Compared with Acetylcysteine in Adults and Children with Acute Bronchitis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 May 4;2

See these in context on the English Ivy monograph →

Thyme 18 references
  1. Zava DT, Dollbaum CM, Blen M. Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998;217:369-78. PubMed
  2. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  3. Okazaki K, Kawazoe K, Takaishi Y. Human platelet aggregation inhibitors from thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Phytother Res 2002;16:398-9. .
  4. Spiewak R, Skorska C, Dutkiewicz J. Occupational airborne contact dermatitis caused by thyme dust. Contact Dermatitis 2001;44:235-9. . PubMed
  5. Ernst E, Marz R, Sieder C. A controlled multi-centre study of herbal versus synthetic secretolytic drugs for acute bronchitis. Phytomedicine 1997;4:287-93. PubMed
  6. Yamamoto J, Yamada K, Naemura A, et al. Testing various herbs for antithrombotic effect. Nutrition 2005;21(5):580-7. PubMed
  7. Tognolini, M., Barocelli, E., Ballabeni, V., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., Chiavarini, M., and Impicciatore, M. Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. Life Sci. 2-23-2006;78(13):1419-1432. PubMed
  8. Mackiewicz, B., Skorska, C., Dutkiewicz, J., Michnar, M., Milanowski, J., Prazmo, Z., Krysinska-Traczyk, E., and Cisak, E. Allergic alveolitis due to herb dust exposure. Ann Agric Environ Med 1999;6(2):167-170.
  9. Martinez-Gonzalez, M. C., Goday Bujan, J. J., Martinez, Gomez W., and Fonseca, Capdevila E. Concomitant allergic contact dermatitis due to Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) and Thymus vulgaris (thyme). Contact Dermatitis 2007;56(1):49-50.
  10. Jukic, M., Politeo, O., Maksimovic, M., Milos, M., and Milos, M. In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties of thymol, carvacrol and their derivatives thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone. Phytother.Res 2007;21(3):259-261.
  11. Marzian, O. [Treatment of acute bronchitis in children and adolescents. Non-interventional postmarketing surveillance study confirms the benefit and safety of a syrup made of extracts from thyme and ivy leaves]. MMW.Fortschr.Med 6-28-2007;149(27-28 Suppl
  12. Cuzzolin, L. and Benoni, G. Attitudes and knowledge toward natural products safety in the pharmacy setting: an Italian study. Phytother.Res 2009;23(7):1018-1023. PubMed
  13. Berova, N., Stransky, L., and Krasteva, M. Studies on contact dermatitis in stomatological staff. Dermatol.Monatsschr. 1990;176(1):15-18.
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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