Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Based on 2 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by GNC Pro Performance AMP

Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast label
See full label image
Other (e.g. Tea Bag) Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast is a dietary supplement by GNC Pro Performance AMP with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for blood sugar control, high cholesterol, hangover symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 324 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Sicilian Blood Orange extract, Prickly Pear pad & fruit skins extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast by GNC Pro Performance AMP

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast by GNC Pro Performance AMP — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
Prefer a human? Send your question to our licensed pharmacists — free, answered by email within 24 hours.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast by GNC Pro Performance AMP

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 16, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

This product contains 4 active ingredients. Leucine is a branched-chain amino acid that supports muscle protein, while fiber adds digestive bulk.

The two botanical actives are prickly pear cactus extract (from the pad and fruit skins) and Sicilian blood orange extract. The remaining ingredients are inactive fillers and flavorings—polydextrose syrup, maltodextrin, natural flavors, soy lecithin, sunflower oil, malic acid, citric acid, fruit and vegetable juice, glycerin, carrageenan, and sucralose—that give the product its form and taste.

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

We hold no graded evidence for this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: spare muscle breakdown and fuel lean muscle.
  • We looked for evidence on: muscle protein synthesis, muscle recovery, sarcopenia.
  • Our graded evidence for these ingredients doesn't cover that particular purpose.

Evidence for effectiveness is limited and mixed. Prickly pear cactus is possibly effective for diabetes (in the sense that some studies suggest benefit), but evidence for it on age-related cognitive decline, benign prostatic hyperplasia, indigestion, and high cholesterol is insufficient.

For Sicilian blood orange extract, we hold no established effectiveness data—the evidence we have rates it insufficient for pre-procedural anxiety, asthma, prostate cancer, common cold, constipation, and depression. Leucine's effectiveness is not rated in our data.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Prickly Pear Cactus Sweet Orange

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 2 of the 2 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 2 of 2.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 2 of 2.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Both botanical ingredients are generally well tolerated when used orally. Prickly pear cactus most commonly causes mild stomach upset—abdominal fullness, indigestion, mild diarrhea, and nausea—and rarely causes headache, insomnia, or dizziness.

In one clinical trial of 41 people, two reported headache, one dizziness, and one insomnia. Large amounts of prickly pear fruit seeds can theoretically cause bowel obstruction, though this is extremely rare.

Blood orange is safe as the whole fruit in normal food amounts, but concentrated extracts haven't been well studied. There is a report of intestinal cramping in children who ate large amounts of orange peel.

For pregnancy and breastfeeding, prickly pear cactus supplement amounts lack enough safety data—avoid it. Blood orange extract is likely safe in pregnancy and lactation, but data on the supplement form specifically is limited, so talk this over with your doctor or pharmacist.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Prickly Pear Cactus Sweet Orange

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 2 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Prickly Pear Cactus, Sweet Orange.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 324 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check if you use any OATP-substrate drugs (a broad class your doctor or pharmacist can identify), pravastatin, ivermectin, celiprolol, fexofenadine, P-glycoprotein substrates, quinolone antibiotics, or antidiabetes drugs like metformin, glyburide, or glipizide. All carry documented interactions—ranging from Major to Moderate severity—with the blood orange or prickly pear extracts in this formula.

Blood orange extract requires at least a 4-hour separation from OATP substrates.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no assessable stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is mainly a concern if you take certain medications—especially pravastatin, ivermectin, celiprolol, fexofenadine, or antidiabetes drugs. If you're on any prescription medication, check your exact drugs with the tool on this page before starting.

The botanical ingredients themselves are generally well tolerated but have limited proven benefit. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether it's right for your situation.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 2 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Aug 25, 2015.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast, straight from the product label.

Brand GNC Pro Performance AMP
Barcode (UPC) 048107136345
Net contents 42 Soft Chew(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Aug 25, 2015
DSLD ID 49629
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Other (e.g. Tea Bag)
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast by GNC Pro Performance AMP, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Soft Chew(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Soft Chew(s)
Servings per container
21
UPC/BARCODE
048107136345
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories30 {Calories}--
Total Carbohydrates4 Gram(s)1%
Calories from Fat5 {Calories}--
Total Fat0.5 Gram(s)1%
Protein1 Gram(s)--
Leucine3000 mg--
Fiber1 Gram(s)4%
Prickly Pear pad & fruit skins extract1000 mg--
Sicilian Blood Orange extract100 mg--

Other ingredients: Polydextrose Syrup, Maltodextrin, Natural flavors, Soy Lecithin, Sunflower Oil, Malic Acid, Citric Acid, Fruit and Vegetable Juice, Glycerin, Carrageenan, Sucralose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements

New

Clinically researched

Natural flavors

{Chart} Servings Goal 1 Fuels muscles, recovery and performance 2 Helps replenish muscle glycogen stores and supports muscle protein synthesis

AMPlify your recovery and lean muscle-building goals with this revolutionary formula available in convenient great-tasting chews.

Muscle-Fueling Amino Leucine is one of the most important amino acids to fuel muscle growth, recovery and performance.* This crucial branched chain amino acid helps support the preservation of glycogen in the muscle.* When combined with protein, leucine has been shown to support strength and power workouts and may have more performance-enhancing benefits when compared to taking protein alone.* Leucine also helps spare the muscle tissue from breaking down from intense training.* Therefore, the body will be able to focus on more useful energy sources like carbohydrates and fats.*

Maintaining Insulin Balance Opuntia extract (prickly pear cactus) has been shown to support a healthy insulin response.* Maintenance of insulin balance is crucial for supporting lean muscle development and recovery along with carbohydrate metabolism.* Together, opuntia and leucine have been shown to boost insulin post-exercise. Insulin is key for shuttling nutrients to the muscles and helps restore glycogen stores. A boost in insulin post-exercise plays a key role in leucine and amino acid absorption and delivery of nutrients to muscle cells to support anabolism and recovery.* Protecting Muscle Cells The exotic fruit extract, Sicilian Blood Orange, is becoming one of the most well-known supplements among athletes for its recovery and muscle cell-protecting benefits.* This rare extract will help protect muscle cells from toxic free radicals that attack muscle during intense workouts.* The Sicilian Blood Orange will also lower oxidative stress in athletes to support greater recovery.*

Products bearing this logo have been tested for banned substances by HFL Sport Science, a world-class anti-doping lab. Product was tested for over 145 banned substances on the 2014 World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List via HFL skip lot testing protocol #ICP0307. See gnc.com for more information.

Formula

- Convenient great-tasting anabolic chew with 3g Leucine to spare muscle breakdown & fuel lean muscle + ingredients to enhance recovery - Scientifically backed Opuntia Extract modulates insulin to support Leucine's impact on muscle protein synthesis - Features Sicilian Blood Orange extract to protect muscle cells from intense training

Contains: Soybeans.

Adds a dietarily insignificant amount of sugar.

Amplified Leucine Complex was developed with one of the most important amino acids for lean muscle building, leucine, along with the new and trending ingredients to fuel muscle recovery optunia and Sicilian Blood Orange Extract.

Seals/Symbols

BANNED SUBSTANCE FREE

INFORMED-CHOICE {Check}.org Trusted by sport

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

General

CODE 791302 IOG

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: As a dietary supplement, consume one or more servings post-workout to aid in recovery or throughout the day.

To ensure a complete nutritional program, take daily with these GNC products: Amplified Creatine XXX(TM), Amplified Wheybolic Extreme 60(TM) Original.

Precautions

Contains: Soybeans.

Warning: Consult your physician prior to using this product if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition.

Discontinue use two weeks prior to surgery.

Keep out of reach of children.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast by GNC Pro Performance AMP label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast by GNC Pro Performance AMP

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Soft Chew(s) Dosage formOther (e.g. Tea Bag) Servings per container21 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Protein

1 Gram(s) per serving

Leucine

3000 mg per serving

Fiber

1 Gram(s) per serving

Prickly Pear pad & fruit skins extract

Interacts with
86 drugs
1000 mg per serving

Prickly pear cactus is a desert plant whose pads and fruit are eaten as food and taken as a supplement, mainly for blood sugar, cholesterol, and hango...

Prickly Pear pad & fruit skins extract monograph & interactions

Sicilian Blood Orange extract

Interacts with
246 drugs
100 mg per serving

Sweet orange is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and is enjoyed as a food worldwide. Its peel and es...

Sicilian Blood Orange extract monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Polydextrose Syrup, Maltodextrin, Natural flavors, Soy Lecithin, Sunflower Oil, Malic Acid, Citric Acid, Fruit and Vegetable Juice, Glycerin, Carrageenan, Sucralose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast by GNC Pro Performance AMP Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
324Drugs
48 Major 276 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Sicilian Blood Orange extract 246
Prickly Pear pad & fruit skins extract 86

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast interact with 324 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 5 ingredients in Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Sicilian Blood Orange extract Prickly Pear pad & fruit skins extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Sicilian Blood Orange extract7 drug types · 246 drugs

Celiprolol (Celicard)

Consuming sweet orange with celiprolol can decrease oral absorption of celiprolol.
A pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that celiprolol levels, after a single dose of 100 mg, are decreased by up to 90% in people who drink sweet orange juice 200 mL three times daily. It's not known if lower consumption of sweet orange juice will have the same effect. Theoretically, this occurs due to short-term inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange by at least 4 hours.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Ivermectin (Stromectol, Others)

Consuming sweet orange juice with ivermectin can decrease the oral absorption of ivermectin.
A pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that taking ivermectin orally with sweet orange juice 750 mL over 4 hours reduces the bioavailability of ivermectin. This effect does not seem to be related to effects on P-glycoprotein. The effect on ivermectin is more pronounced in males compared to females.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide Substrates (Oatp)

Consuming sweet orange juice can decrease oral absorption of OATP substrates. Separate administration by at least 4 hours.
Clinical research shows that consuming sweet orange juice inhibits OATP, which reduces bioavailability of oral drugs that are substrates of OATP. For example, sweet orange juice decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine, a substrate of OATP, by about 72% and of celiprolol, another OATP substrate, by up to 90%. Since sweet orange juice seems to affect OATP for a short time, recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange juice by at least 4 hours.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Pravastatin (Pravachol)

Consuming sweet orange juice with pravastatin can increase the absorption of pravastatin.
A small pharmacokinetic study in healthy volunteers shows that consuming sweet orange juice 800 mL over 3 hours, including before, during, and after taking pravastatin 10 mg, increases pravastatin levels by about 149%, without affecting pravastatin elimination. Theoretically this effect might be due to modulation of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) by sweet orange juice. Sweet orange juice does not seem to affect simvastatin levels, but it is not known if sweet orange affects any of the other statins.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
Fexofenadine (Allegra)

Consuming sweet orange juice with fexofenadine can decrease oral absorption of fexofenadine.
Clinical research shows that coadministration of sweet orange juice 1200 mL decreases bioavailability of fexofenadine by about 72%. In an animal model, sweet orange juice decreased bioavailability of fexofenadine by 31%. Fexofenadine manufacturer data indicates that concomitant administration of sweet orange juice and fexofenadine results in larger wheal and flare sizes in research models. This suggests that sweet orange reduces the clinical response to fexofenadine. Theoretically, this occurs due to short-term inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Recommend separating drug administration and consumption of sweet orange by at least 4 hours.

Likelihood Likely Evidence B
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Sweet orange juice seems to modulate P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which might affect the blood levels of P-gp substrates.
Animal and in vitro research suggest that orange juice extract inhibits drug efflux by P-gp, increasing absorption and levels of P-gp substrates. In contrast, pharmacokinetic research in humans shows that drinking large amounts of sweet orange juice decreases absorption and levels of the P-gp substrate celiprolol. This suggests that orange juice actually induces drug efflux by P-gp or affects drug levels by another mechanism such as inhibiting the gut drug transporter called organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP). Until more is known, sweet orange juice should be used cautiously in people taking P-gp substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Calcium-fortified sweet orange juice might reduce quinolone absorption.
Calcium binds to quinolones in the gut. Theoretically, the calcium in certain fortified orange juices can also bind to quinolone antibiotics and reduce their absorption and levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Sicilian Blood Orange extract full monograph & interactions

Prickly Pear pad & fruit skins extract1 drug type · 86 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Combining prickly pear cactus with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Case reports show that combining prickly pear cactus with antidiabetes drugs such as chlorpropamide, glyburide, glipizide, and metformin can increase the risk of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Advise patients to monitor glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments may be necessary.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Prickly Pear pad & fruit skins extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast, from the product label.

GNC Pro Performance AMP

See all GNC Pro Performance AMP products
Phone Number
1-888-462-2548
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast by GNC Pro Performance AMP: Common Questions

Does Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast by GNC Pro Performance AMP interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast has a known interaction with 324 medications, including 48 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this interact with my metformin?
Yes—the prickly pear cactus extract in this product can increase your risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) when combined with metformin or other antidiabetes drugs. Monitor your blood sugar closely if you take it, and talk with your doctor or pharmacist before adding this product.
Can I take this while pregnant or breastfeeding?
Prickly pear cactus extract hasn't been studied enough in pregnancy and lactation—avoid supplement amounts and talk with your doctor. Blood orange extract is likely safe during pregnancy and lactation, but data on the concentrated extract form is limited, so get personalized advice from your provider.
Does prickly pear cactus actually help with blood sugar?
It's possibly effective for diabetes based on some research, meaning there's suggestive evidence but it's not definitive. The other uses we looked at—cognitive decline, enlarged prostate, indigestion, and high cholesterol—don't have enough reliable evidence to say one way or the other.
What side effects are most common?
Prickly pear cactus most often causes mild stomach issues—bloating, indigestion, loose stool, or nausea. Blood orange extract is generally well tolerated; the main caution is that concentrated extracts haven't been studied as thoroughly as the whole fruit.
Does this have any fillers or added ingredients?
Yes. Besides the four active ingredients, it contains inactive fillers and flavorings: polydextrose syrup, maltodextrin, natural flavors, soy lecithin, sunflower oil, malic acid, citric acid, fruit and vegetable juice, glycerin, carrageenan, and sucralose.
I take pravastatin—is this safe?
No. The blood orange extract in this product can increase pravastatin levels by about 149%, which could raise your risk of side effects. Do not take this product without talking to your doctor or pharmacist first.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Prickly Pear Cactus

Interacts with 86 drugs

Prickly pear cactus is a desert plant whose pads and fruit are eaten as food and taken as a supplement, mainly for blood sugar, cholesterol, and hangover symptoms. Some small studies suggest...

Read the full Prickly Pear Cactus monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Sweet Orange

Interacts with 246 drugs

Sweet orange is a common citrus fruit that is a good source of vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants, and is enjoyed as a food worldwide. Its peel and essential oil are used in aromatherapy and...

Read the full Sweet Orange monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Amplified Leucine Complex Grape Blast's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 26 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Prickly Pear Cactus 9 references
  1. Meckes-Lozyoa M, Roman-Ramos R. Opuntia streptacantha; a coadjutor in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Am J Chin Med 1986;14:116-8.
  2. Rayburn K, Martinez R, Escobedo M, et al. Glycemic effects of various species of nopal (Opuntia sp.) in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Texas J Rural Health 1998;26:68-76.
  3. Bush TM, Rayburn KS, Holloway SW, et al. Adverse interactions between herbal and dietary substances and prescription medications: a clinical survey. Altern Ther Health Med 2007;13:30-5.
  4. Sobieraj DM, Freyer CW. Probable hypoglycemic adverse drug reaction associated with prickly pear cactus, glipizide, and metformin in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Pharmacother 2010;44:1334-7. PubMed
  5. Kleiner, O., Cohen, Z., and Mares, A. J. Low colonic obstruction due to Opuntia ficus indica seeds: the aftermath of enjoying delicious cactus fruits. Acta Paediatr. 2002;91(5):606-607.
  6. Steinberg, J. M. and Eitan, A. Prickly pear fruit bezoar presenting as rectal perforation in an elderly patient. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2003;18(4):365-367. PubMed
  7. Meckes-Lozyoa, M. and Roman-Ramos, R. Opuntia streptacantha: a coadjutor in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Am J Chin Med 1986;14(3-4):116-118.
  8. Onakpoya IJ, O'Sullivan J, Heneghan CJ. The effect of cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutrition. 2015;31(5):640-6. PubMed
  9. Han EH, Lim MK, Lee S, et al. Efficacy of Ethanolic Extract of Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Stems for Improving Cognitive Function in Elderly Subjects 55-85 Years of Age: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. J Med Food 2020;23(11):11

See these in context on the Prickly Pear Cactus monograph →

Sweet Orange 17 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. FDA, CFSAN. FDA-approved potassium health claim notification for potassium containing foods. 2000. Available at: www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/hclm-k.html.
  3. Kurowska EM, Spence JD, Jordan J, et al. HDL-cholesterol-raising effect of orange juice in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:1095-100. PubMed
  4. Murry JJ, Healy MD. Drug-mineral interactions: a new responsibility for the hospital dietician. J Am Diet Assoc 1991;91:66-73.
  5. Bailey DG, Dresser GK, Munoz C, et al. Reduction of fexofenadine bioavailability by fruit juices. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;69:P21.
  6. Pletz MW, Petzold P, Allen A, et al. Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003;47:2158-60.. PubMed
  7. Lilja JJ, Juntti-Patinen L, Neuvonen PJ. Orange juice substantially reduces the bioavailability of the beta-adrenergic-blocking agent celiprolol. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;75:184-90.
  8. Tian R, Koyabu N, Takanaga H, et al. Effects of grapefruit juice and orange juice on the intestinal efflux of P-glycoprotein substrates. Pharm Res 2002;19:802-9. PubMed
  9. Vanapalli SR, Chen Y, Ellingrod VL, et al. Orange juice decreases the oral bioavailability of ivermectin in health volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73 (Abstract PDII-A-10):P94.
  10. Huang SM, Lesko LJ. Drug-drug, drug-dietary supplement, and drug-citrus fruit and other food interactions: what have we learned? J Clin Pharmacol 2004;44:559-69. PubMed
  11. Koitabashi Y, Kumai T, Matsumoto N, et al. Orange juice increased the bioavailability of pravastatin, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitor, in rats and healthy human subjects. Life Sci 2006;78:2852-9. PubMed
  12. Takanaga H, Ohnishi A, Yamada S, et al. Polymethoxylated flavones in orange juice are inhibitors of P-glycoprotein but not cytochrome P450 3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000;293:230-6. DOI
  13. Greenblatt DJ. Analysis of drug interactions involving fruit beverages and organic anion-transporting polypeptides. J Clin Pharmacol 2009;49:1403-7. PubMed
  14. Bailey DG. Fruit juice inhibition of uptake transport: a new type of food-drug interaction. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2010;70:645-55. PubMed
  15. Kamath AV, Yao M, Zhang Y, Chong S. Effect of fruit juices on the oral bioavailability of fexofenadine in rats. J Pharm Sci 2005;94:233-9. PubMed
  16. Kays MB, Overholser BR, Mueller BA, et al. Effects of sevelamer hydrochloride and calcium acetate on the oral bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(6):1253-9. PubMed
  17. Neuhofel, A. L., Wilton, J. H., Victory, J. M., Hejmanowsk, L. G., and Amsden, G. W. Lack of bioequivalence of ciprofloxacin when administered with calcium-fortified orange juice: a new twist on an old interaction. J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;42(4):461-466. DOI

See these in context on the Sweet Orange monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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