Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

BCAA Elite Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by InterActive Nutrition

BCAA Elite label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking BCAA Elite against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

BCAA Elite is a dietary supplement by InterActive Nutrition with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for muscle recovery and sports performance, gut health and 'leaky gut', recovery from severe illness or injury.Based on those ingredients, 1,053 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Bioperine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against BCAA Elite by InterActive Nutrition

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with BCAA Elite by InterActive Nutrition — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of BCAA Elite by InterActive Nutrition

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 12, 2026

What’s inside

Partial disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Partial

Most active ingredients list an amount, but at least one is hidden in a blend or missing.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 4 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • “Branched Chain Amino Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (5 Gram(s)) without saying how much of each component you get.

BCAA Elite is a 7-ingredient powder built around branched-chain amino acids—three of them listed individually here: L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, and L-Valine. These are amino acids your body uses to build and repair muscle, and they're called "branched-chain" because of their chemical structure.

The formula also includes L-Glutamine and L-Glycine, two other amino acids that support muscle and immune function. Bioperine (a concentrated black pepper extract) is added to boost absorption, and D-Pinitol rounds out the active ingredients.

The powder also contains inactive ingredients—fillers and flavorings like maltodextrin, citric acid, and artificial sweeteners and colors—to make it taste good and hold together.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Muscle recovery and athletic performance support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Physical performance, Postoperative recovery, Wound healing, Muscle protein synthesis — and 2 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Postoperative recovery (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Glutamine is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Athletic performance.
  • Also on file: Black Pepper is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Athletic performance.

The evidence for BCAA Elite's individual ingredients is mixed and limited. L-Glutamine shows strong evidence for sickle cell disease, and possibly helpful evidence for recovery after surgery, severe infections, and wasting in HIV/AIDS—but those are specific medical situations, not everyday muscle or fitness use.

L-Glycine is possibly effective for schizophrenia but has insufficient evidence for ADHD, prostate health, and cystic fibrosis. Bioperine has insufficient evidence for allergies, asthma, athletic performance, headache, depression, and diarrhea.

The facts we hold don't establish whether this blend works for muscle building, recovery, or performance in otherwise healthy people.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Glutamine Glycine Black Pepper

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-Glutamine is generally well tolerated in healthy adults but requires medical supervision if you have kidney or liver disease. Common side effects include belching, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, gas, nausea, vomiting, headache, and stomach pain—especially at high doses (10–30 grams daily).

Rarely, dizziness has occurred, and in two people with bipolar disorder, mania or hypomania was reported. L-Glycine is also generally well tolerated at typical doses, though rarely causes mild sedation, insomnia, fatigue, headache, nausea, vomiting, or dry mouth; these resolve quickly when stopped.

Bioperine (black pepper) is well tolerated at food amounts and in single doses as a medicine, with occasional burning aftertaste, indigestion, or reduced taste. Allergic reactions are rare.

For pregnancy, L-Glutamine is rated Likely Safe, but L-Glycine and Bioperine have insufficient data—talk with your doctor or pharmacist before using during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Glutamine Glycine Black Pepper

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 3 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Black Pepper, Glutamine, Glycine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,054 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

If you take anticonvulsants (phenytoin, etc.), check with your pharmacist—L-Glutamine may theoretically reduce their effect, and Bioperine may raise blood levels of some anticonvulsants. Clozapine users should double-check: L-Glycine may worsen schizophrenia symptoms in people on this medication.

Anyone on propranolol, other heart or blood pressure drugs, nevirapine or other antiretrovirals, rifampin or other antibiotics, cyclosporine, pentobarbital or other sedatives, atorvastatin or other statins, or theophylline should verify with your pharmacist—Bioperine may increase blood levels and side effects of these medications.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glancePartially disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

BCAA Elite may interest athletes or people in muscle recovery, though evidence for that specific use isn't established in our data. If you take anticonvulsants, clozapine, heart or blood pressure medications, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, sedatives, cholesterol drugs, or asthma medications, you'll need to check this product with your pharmacist first—Bioperine can raise blood levels of several drugs.

Otherwise-healthy people may find it well tolerated, but start with the label dose to watch for digestive side effects.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 25, 2011.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about BCAA Elite, straight from the product label.

Brand InterActive Nutrition
Barcode (UPC) 625486603424
Net contents 1.3 lb; 600 g
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Nov 25, 2011
DSLD ID 2439
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for BCAA Elite by InterActive Nutrition, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
20 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
20 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
625486603424
IngredientAmount% DV
L-Glutamine5 g--
L-Leucine0 NP--
L-Isoleucine0 NP--
L-Valine0 NP--
L-Glycine2.5 g--
Branched Chain Amino Acids5 Gram(s)--
D-Pinitol0.016 g--
Bioperine0.002 Gram(s)--

Other ingredients: Maltodextrin, Citric Acid, Monosodium Phosphate, Dipotassium Phosphate, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium, Natural and Artificial flavor, FD&C Red #40

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

AMINO ACID POWDER DIETARY SUPPLEMENT

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Direction for Use: Dose (Adults): Mix one scoop (20g) in 8.5oz (250mL) of water and consume immediately. Take one serving prior to exercise and one serving following exercise.

Precautions

Keep away from children.

Cautions: Not intended for children, pregnant or breastfeeding women.

Produced in a facility that uses ingredients which may contain milk, egg, soy, wheat, peanut, fish and shellfish.

Consult a health care practitioner for long-term consumption.

Do not use if the security seal is broken.

People with health conditions should consult a health care practitioner before consuming this product.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

†This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Storage

Store in a cool and dry place.

General Statements

·TROPICAL PUNCH· NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL FLAVORS

BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID

Recommended Use or Purpose: This product stimulates muscle protein recovery and decreases exercise-induced muscle breakdown.†

STIMULATES MUSCLE PROTEIN RECOVERY AND DECREASES EXERCISE-INDUCED MUSCLE BREAKDOWN

General

Code# 630107

Seals/Symbols

Certified cGMP

Made in Canada FROM DOMESTIC AND IMPORTED INGREDIENTS

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

BCAA Elite by InterActive Nutrition label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

BCAA Elite label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in BCAA Elite by InterActive Nutrition

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size20 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

L-Glutamine

Interacts with
50 drugs
5 g per serving

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle c...

L-Glutamine monograph & interactions

L-Glycine

Interacts with
1 drug
2.5 g per serving

Glycine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes on its own and that also appears in protein-rich foods. It is most studied for improving sleep q...

L-Glycine monograph & interactions

Branched Chain Amino Acids

5 Gram(s) per serving
  • › L-Leucine
  • › L-Isoleucine
  • › L-Valine

D-Pinitol

0.016 g per serving

Bioperine

Interacts with
1,019 drugs
0.002 Gram(s) per serving

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to he...

Bioperine monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Maltodextrin, Citric Acid, Monosodium Phosphate, Dipotassium Phosphate, Sucralose, Acesulfame Potassium, Natural and Artificial flavor, FD&C Red #40. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

BCAA Elite by InterActive Nutrition Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against BCAA Elite?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,053Drugs
1,010 Moderate 43 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Bioperine 1,019
L-Glutamine 50
L-Glycine 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in BCAA Elite interact with 1,053 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

3 of the 7 ingredients in BCAA Elite interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Bioperine L-Glutamine L-Glycine

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in BCAA Elite with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Bioperine17 drug types · 1,019 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit platelet aggregation. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, can reduce blood glucose levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of atorvastatin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, 35 mg/kg can increase the maximum serum concentration of atorvastatin three-fold. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of cyclosporine.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the bioavailability of cyclosporine. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research suggests that some constituents of black pepper inhibit CYP2D6. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research and pharmacokinetic simulation data suggest that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, as well as the pepper fruit seem to inhibit CYP3A4. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of lithium due to its diuretic effects. The dose of lithium might need to be reduced.
Black pepper is thought to have diuretic properties.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Nevirapine (Viramune)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of nevirapine.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases the plasma concentration of nevirapine. However, no adverse effects were observed in this study.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might increase levels of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to inhibit P-glycoprotein.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the sedative effects of pentobarbital.
Animal research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases pentobarbital-induced sleeping time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of phenytoin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption, slow elimination, and increase levels of phenytoin. Taking a single dose of black pepper 1 gram along with phenytoin seems to double the serum concentration of phenytoin. Consuming a soup with black pepper providing piperine 44 mg/200 mL of soup along with phenytoin also seems to increase phenytoin levels when compared with consuming the same soup without black pepper.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Propranolol (Inderal)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of propranolol.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of propranolol.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Rifampin (Rifadin)

Black pepper might increase blood levels of rifampin.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and serum levels of rifampin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Theophylline

Black pepper might increase blood levels of theophylline.
Clinical research shows that piperine, a constituent of black pepper, seems to increase absorption and slow elimination of theophylline.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase the effects and side effects of amoxicillin.
Animal research shows that taking piperine, a constituent of black pepper, with amoxicillin increases plasma levels of amoxicillin. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Theoretically, black pepper might increase blood levels of carbamazepine, potentially increasing the effects and side effects of carbamazepine.
One clinical study in patients taking carbamazepine 300 mg or 500 mg twice daily shows that taking a single 20 mg dose of purified piperine, a constituent of black pepper, increases carbamazepine levels. Piperine may increase carbamazepine absorption by increasing blood flow to the GI tract, increasing the surface area of the small intestine, or inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the gut wall. Absorption was significantly increased by 7-10 mcg/mL/hour. The time to eliminate carbamazepine was also increased by 4-8 hours. Although carbamazepine levels were increased, this did not appear to increase side effects. In vitro research also shows that piperine can increase carbamazepine levels by 11% in a time-dependent manner.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, black pepper might decrease levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research suggests that black pepper induces CYP1A2. This has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Bioperine full monograph & interactions

L-Glutamine1 drug type · 50 drugs

Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, glutamine might antagonize the effects of anticonvulsant medications.
Glutamine is metabolized to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Glutamate might have antagonistic effects with anticonvulsant drugs. However, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Glutamine full monograph & interactions

L-Glycine1 drug type · 1 drug

Clozapine (Clozaril)

Theoretically, glycine might decrease the effectiveness of clozapine.
One small clinical study in patients with schizophrenia shows that adding glycine to clozapine therapy worsens symptoms of schizophrenia when compared with clozapine alone. The mechanism of this interaction is unclear.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
L-Glycine full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for BCAA Elite, from the product label.

InterActive Nutrition

See all InterActive Nutrition products
Name
Nutritional Brands International, LLC.
Street Address
150 US HWY 1, Suite 505
City
Jupiter
State
Florida
ZipCode
33477
Web Address
www.interactivenutrition.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

BCAA Elite by InterActive Nutrition: Common Questions

Does BCAA Elite by InterActive Nutrition interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, BCAA Elite has a known interaction with 1,053 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
BCAA Elite contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take BCAA Elite if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
L-Glutamine is rated Likely Safe in pregnancy, but L-Glycine and Bioperine don't have enough safety data—we can't say yes or no. Talk with your doctor or midwife before starting any supplement while pregnant or nursing; they know your full situation and can guide you.
What are BCAAs, and why are they in this product?
BCAAs are branched-chain amino acids—L-Leucine, L-Isoleucine, and L-Valine. Your body uses them to build and repair muscle tissue. They're often included in workout supplements because athletes believe they support muscle recovery, though the facts we hold don't confirm this for everyday fitness use.
What's Bioperine, and why is it added?
Bioperine is a concentrated extract of black pepper (its active compound is piperine). It's added because research suggests it helps your body absorb other ingredients better. However, this same absorption boost is why it can raise blood levels of certain medications.
What side effects might I experience?
The most common are digestive: belching, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, gas, nausea, and stomach pain. Headache can also occur. These tend to be mild and often resolve if you lower your dose or stop taking it. If you have bipolar disorder, be aware that glutamine has rarely triggered mood episodes in a couple of cases.
Is this safe if I have kidney or liver disease?
L-Glutamine requires medical supervision in people with kidney or liver disease. If either applies to you, check with your doctor or pharmacist before starting—don't use this product on your own.
Will this work for muscle building or athletic performance?
The evidence in our data doesn't establish that this blend works for those goals in healthy people. L-Glutamine shows benefit in specific medical situations like sickle cell disease or surgical recovery, but everyday muscle or fitness use isn't covered by the studies we hold.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

BCAA Elite label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind BCAA Elite’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Glutamine

Interacts with 50 drugs

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body and is usually made in your muscles. A prescription form is FDA-approved to help reduce sickle cell disease complications, but for most...

Read the full Glutamine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Glycine

Interacts with 1 drug

Glycine is a non-essential amino acid your body makes on its own and that also appears in protein-rich foods. It is most studied for improving sleep quality, where early research is promisin...

Read the full Glycine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Black Pepper

Interacts with 1,019 drugs

Black pepper is a common kitchen spice that is generally safe in the amounts used in food. Its extract, piperine, is mostly added to supplements to help the body absorb other ingredients (li...

Read the full Black Pepper monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

BCAA Elite's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 45 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Glutamine 11 references
  1. Miller AL. Therapeutic considerations of L-glutamine: a review of the literature. Altern Med Rev 1999;4:239-48..
  2. Bozzetti F, Biganzoli L, Gavazzi C, et al. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a double-blind randomized study. Nutrition 1997;13:748-51.. PubMed
  3. Mebane AH. L-Glutamine and mania. Am J Psychiatry 984;141:1302-3.
  4. Meldrum BS. Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: review of physiology and pathology. J Nutr 2000;130:1007S-15S.. PubMed
  5. Garlick PJ. Assessment of the safety of glutamine and other amino acids. J Nutr 2001;131:2556S-61S.. PubMed
  6. Chapman AG. Glutamate and epilepsy. J Nutr 2000;130:1043S-5S.. PubMed
  7. Ziegler TR. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J Nutr 2001;131:2578S-84S.. PubMed
  8. Laviano A, Molfino A, Lacaria MT, Canelli A, De Leo S, Preziosa I, Rossi Fanelli F. Glutamine supplementation favors weight loss in nondieting obese female patients. A pilot study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Nov;68(11):1264-6. PubMed
  9. Endari (l-glutamine) [package insert]. Torrance, CA: Emmaus Medical,Inc; 2017.
  10. Niihara Y, Miller ST, Kanter J, et al. A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease. N Engl J Med 2018;379(3):226-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715971.
  11. Ogden HB, Child RB, Fallowfield JL, et al. Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):2953. PubMed

See these in context on the Glutamine monograph →

Glycine 5 references
  1. Heresco-Levy U, Javitt DC, Ermilov M, et al. Efficacy of high-dose glycine in the treatment of enduring negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:29-36.. PubMed
  2. Potkin SG, Jin Y, Bunney BG, Costa J, Gulasekaram B. Effect of clozapine and adjunctive high-dose glycine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999;156:145-7.. PubMed
  3. Gusev EI, Skvortsova VI, Dambinova SA, et al. Neuroprotective effects of glycine for therapy of acute ischaemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2000;10:49-60. PubMed
  4. Inagawa K, Kawai N, Ono K, Sukegawa E, Tsubuku S, Takahashi M. Assessment of acute adverse effects of glycine ingestion at a high dose in human volunteers. Seikatsu Eisei. 2006; 50:27-32.
  5. Woods SW, Walsh BC, Hawkins KA, Miller TJ, Saksa JR, D'Souza DC, Pearlson GD, Javitt DC, McGlashan TH, Krystal JH. Glycine treatment of the risk syndrome for psychosis: report of two pilot studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013 Aug;23(8):931-40. PubMed

See these in context on the Glycine monograph →

Black Pepper 29 references
  1. Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
  2. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  3. Bano G, Amla V, Raina RK, et al. The effect of piperine on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in healthy volunteers. Planta Med 1987;53:568-9. PubMed
  4. Bano G, et al. Effect of piperine on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of propranolol and theophylline in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991;41;615-7. PubMed
  5. Cohle SD, Trestrail JD III, Graham MA, et al. Fatal pepper aspiration. Am J Dis Child 1988;142:633-6. PubMed
  6. Bhardwaj RK, Glaeser H, Becquemont L, et al. Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302:645-50. PubMed
  7. Velpandian T, Jasuja R, Bhardwaj RK, et al. Piperine in food: interference in the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2001;26:241-7. PubMed
  8. Pattanaik S, Hota D, Prabhakar S, et al. Pharmacokinetic interaction of a single dose of piperine with steady-state carbamazepine in epilepsy patients. Phytother Res 2009;23:1281-6.
  9. Munakata, M., Kobayashi, K., Niisato-Nezu, J., Tanaka, S., Kakisaka, Y., Ebihara, T., Ebihara, S., Haginoya, K., Tsuchiya, S., and Onuma, A. Olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil facilitates oral feeding in pediatric patients receiving long-term en
  10. Myers, B. M., Smith, J. L., and Graham, D. Y. Effect of red pepper and black pepper on the stomach. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82(3):211-214.
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See these in context on the Black Pepper monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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