Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Black Walnut Capsules Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Genestra Brands

Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Black Walnut Capsules is a dietary supplement by Genestra Brands with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for intestinal parasites and worms, digestive complaints, antimicrobial and antifungal support.Based on those ingredients, 1,282 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Clove, Sweet Wormwood, Quassia. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Black Walnut Capsules by Genestra Brands

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 7 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

Black Walnut Capsules contains seven active ingredients. Black walnut is the primary ingredient — you're getting the nut itself.

The formula also includes six botanical extracts: gentian root, quassia, yarrow, sweet wormwood (also called Sweet Annie), pumpkin seed extract, and clove. These are combined with one inactive ingredient, hypromellose (a capsule material and binder).

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Clove) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Sweet Annie) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) — rated "Possibly Effective" (Pumpkin) (Natural Medicines).

The evidence for what this product actually does is very limited. Black walnut, gentian, quassia, and yarrow all show insufficient reliable evidence for their traditional uses — wound healing, stomach complaints, skin conditions, and menstrual discomfort.

Sweet wormwood appears possibly effective for allergic rhinitis (hay fever), though it's not a proven treatment. Pumpkin seed extract is possibly effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate in men).

Clove shows possibly effective evidence for ventilator-associated pneumonia, a hospital-setting condition. For most of what this formula claims to address, the science is inconclusive.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Black Walnut Gentian Quassia Yarrow Sweet Annie Pumpkin Clove

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 7 of the 7 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 7 of 7.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 7 of 7.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Black walnut is well tolerated as the nut itself, but the leaf, bark, and hull contain high levels of tannins, which can upset your stomach and cause skin irritation. Tree nuts including black walnuts can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive people — a major food allergen in the US.

Gentian is generally well tolerated in small doses but can cause nausea, vomiting, or bloating at higher levels. Quassia may cause nausea, vomiting, and stomach irritation, and long-term use has been linked to vision changes.

Yarrow is usually well tolerated orally but can cause contact dermatitis or allergic skin reactions if it touches your skin. Sweet wormwood is generally well tolerated at low doses; nausea and vomiting are most common, though rare cases of liver damage have been reported.

Pumpkin seed extract is generally well tolerated; mild stomach discomfort and diarrhea can occur. Clove is safe as a food spice but concentrated clove oil can be irritating or toxic; topical use may cause burning or contact dermatitis.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Black Walnut Gentian Quassia Yarrow Sweet Annie Pumpkin Clove

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 6 of the 7 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Yarrow, Clove, Quassia, Gentian, Sweet Annie, among others.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; diabetes medications; heart-rhythm medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,283 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your pharmacist if you take antidiabetes drugs (clove and quassia both lower blood sugar), blood-pressure medications (gentian), digoxin (heart rhythm), water-reducing pills (quassia can worsen potassium loss), lithium (psychiatric medication — both yarrow and pumpkin may increase levels), or any medication your liver processes (clove, sweet wormwood, and clove each interact with major drug-metabolizing pathways). H2-blockers, antacids, and proton pump inhibitors (stomach-acid reducers) may be less effective with quassia.

Anticoagulants or blood thinners may have increased bleeding risk with clove. No interactions are documented for black walnut alone.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This is a multi-ingredient herbal blend with limited evidence for most of its uses and a substantial number of medication interactions. If you take diabetes drugs, blood-pressure medications, lithium, digoxin, stomach-acid reducers, or any medication metabolized by your liver, you need to check your specific drugs with the tool on this page before starting.

Talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether this product makes sense for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 7 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 24, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Black Walnut Capsules, straight from the product label.

Brand Genestra Brands
Barcode (UPC) 883196139705
Net contents 180 Vegetarian Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 24, 2020
DSLD ID 229403
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Black Walnut Capsules by Genestra Brands, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
90
UPC/BARCODE
883196139705
IngredientAmount% DV
Black Walnut200 mg--
Gentian100 mg--
Quassia200 mg--
Yarrow200 mg--
Sweet Wormwood150 mg--
Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed extract100 mg--
Clove50 mg--

Other ingredients: Hypromellose

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Storage

Recommended Dose: Take 2 capsules 2 times daily, 15 to 60 minutes before meals, or as recommended by your health professional.

Store in a cool, dry place.

Precautions

Warning: If you are pregnant, lactating, have acute stomach irritation, inflammation, stomach or duodenal ulcers or an allergy to plants of the Asteraceae family, do not use. If you are taking any medication or have any health condition, consult your health professional before use.

Warning: If you are pregnant, lactating, have acute stomach irritation, inflammation, stomach or duodenal ulcers or an allergy to plants of the Asteraceae family, do not use.

If hypersensitivity occurs, discontinue use. Some people may experience heachaches.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Use only if safety seal is intact.

Contains: Tree nuts (black walnut)

FDA Disclaimer Statement

This statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

General Statements

Contents may not fill package in order to accommodate required labeling. Please rely on stated quantity. Scan to learn about our quality excellence

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formulation

Traditional support to promote gastric motility and a healthy intestinal environment

See for yourself

Black Walnut Capsules by Genestra Brands label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Black Walnut Capsules by Genestra Brands

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container90 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Black Walnut

No known
interactions
200 mg per serving

Black walnut is a tree whose green hulls are traditionally used as a natural antiparasitic and digestive remedy, but solid human evidence for these us...

Black Walnut monograph & interactions

Gentian

Interacts with
172 drugs
100 mg per serving

Gentian is a very bitter root traditionally used to stimulate appetite and ease mild digestive complaints, often as part of "bitters" before meals. Th...

Gentian monograph & interactions

Quassia

Interacts with
198 drugs
200 mg per serving

Quassia is a tropical wood known for its very bitter taste, traditionally used as a digestive bitter and as a folk remedy for parasites and head lice....

Quassia monograph & interactions

Yarrow

Interacts with
1 drug
200 mg per serving

Yarrow is a traditional herb long used for wounds, digestive complaints, and colds, but high-quality human studies are very limited, so its benefits a...

Yarrow monograph & interactions

Sweet Wormwood

Interacts with
889 drugs
150 mg per serving

Sweet Annie (Artemisia annua) is the source of artemisinin, a compound used in prescription antimalarial drugs. While the purified drug is well studie...

Sweet Wormwood monograph & interactions
100 mg per serving

Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The...

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed extract monograph & interactions

Clove

Interacts with
977 drugs
50 mg per serving

Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main com...

Clove monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Black Walnut Capsules by Genestra Brands Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Black Walnut Capsules?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,282Drugs
1,212 Moderate 70 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Clove 977
Quassia 198
Gentian 172
Yarrow 1

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Black Walnut Capsules with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Clove7 drug types · 977 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical and laboratory research suggest that polyphenol extracts from clove flower buds might lower blood glucose levels. Dosing adjustments for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be necessary when taken with clove. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP1A2 in a dose-dependent manner,. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, inhibits CYP2C9 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP2D6 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that eugenol, a constituent of clove, has antiplatelet activity. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)

Theoretically, topical application of clove oil with ibuprofen might increase the absorption and side effects of topical ibuprofen.
Laboratory research shows that topical application of clove oil increases the absorption of topical ibuprofen. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Sweet Wormwood3 drug types · 889 drugs

Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that the Sweet Annie constituent artemisinin induces CYP2B6, possibly increasing CYP2B6 activity by 1.6-fold. However, Sweet Annie extract seems to inhibit the activity of CYP2B6 in vitro, suggesting that other constituents of Sweet Annie play a role in its effects on the overall activity of this enzyme. More information is needed to determine whether taking Sweet Annie extract affects the metabolism of CYP2B6 substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Sweet Annie may alter plasma levels and clinical effects of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that the Sweet Annie constituent artemisinin induces CYP3A4, possibly increasing CYP3A4 activity by 1.9-fold. However, Sweet Annie extract seems to inhibit the activity of CYP3A4 in vitro, suggesting that other constituents of Sweet Annie play a role in its effects on the overall activity of this enzyme. More information is needed to determine whether taking Sweet Annie extract affects the metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive adverse hepatotoxic effects.
There is some concern that Sweet Annie can adversely affect the liver.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Quassia6 drug types · 198 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

In animals, quassia extract reduced levels of fasting glucose. Theoretically, quassia might have additive effects when used with antidiabetes drugs. This might increase the risk of hypoglycemia in some patients. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.
Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, metformin (Glucophage), pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Theoretically, concomitant use with cardiac medications might increase the risk of therapeutic and adverse effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Diuretic Drugs

Overuse of quassia might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. There is some concern that people taking quassia along with potassium depleting diuretics might have an increased risk for hypokalemia. Initiation of potassium supplementation or an increase in potassium supplement dose may be necessary for some patients.
Some diuretics that can deplete potassium include chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Thalitone), furosemide (Lasix), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Hydrodiuril, Microzide), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antacids

Theoretically, due to reports that quassia increases stomach acid, quassia might decrease the effectiveness of antacids.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
H2-Blockers

Theoretically, due to reports that quassia increases stomach acid, quassia might decrease the effectiveness of H2-blockers. The H2 blockers include cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), nizatidine (Axid), and famotidine (Pepcid).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Proton Pump Inhibitors (Ppis)

Theoretically, due to reports that quassia increases stomach acid, quassia might decrease the effectiveness of PPIs. PPIs include omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), rabeprazole (Aciphex), pantoprazole (Protonix), and esomeprazole (Nexium).

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Gentian1 drug type · 172 drugs

Antihypertensive Drugs

Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
In vitro research shows that gentian can cause vasodilation and lower blood pressure.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

Yarrow1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Theoretically, taking yarrow with lithium might increase the levels and adverse effects of lithium.
Animal research shows that yarrow has diuretic activity. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, yarrow might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) seed extract1 drug type · 1 drug

Lithium

Pumpkin might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Pumpkin is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, this might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Black Walnut Capsules, from the product label.

Genestra Brands

Name
Seroyal USA
City
Pittsburgh
State
PA
ZipCode
15275
Phone Number
1-888-737-6925
Web Address
seroyal.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Black Walnut Capsules by Genestra Brands: Common Questions

Does Black Walnut Capsules by Genestra Brands interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Black Walnut Capsules has a known interaction with 1,282 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Black Walnut Capsules contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is it safe to take this while I'm pregnant?
No. Black walnut, gentian, quassia, and yarrow are all advised against in pregnancy due to insufficient safety data or traditional concerns. Sweet wormwood is also best avoided — there's concern it may harm the developing baby. The safety information we hold doesn't cover pumpkin seed extract or clove in pregnancy, so talk with your doctor or pharmacist for personalized guidance.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
The data advises against black walnut, gentian, quassia, yarrow, and sweet wormwood while breastfeeding — there isn't enough safety information. For pumpkin seed extract, safety of concentrated supplements during breastfeeding isn't well studied, though the food itself is fine. Clove in food amounts is likely okay, but medicinal doses aren't well studied. Talk with your pharmacist before using this product.
What's in this that actually works?
Sweet wormwood shows possibly effective evidence for allergic rhinitis (hay fever). Pumpkin seed extract is possibly effective for benign prostatic hyperplasia — enlarged prostate in men. For the other five ingredients — black walnut, gentian, quassia, yarrow, and clove — the evidence is either insufficient or not established for their traditional uses. This isn't a strongly proven formula.
Can black walnuts cause allergic reactions?
Yes. Tree nuts, including black walnuts, are a major food allergen in the US and can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive people. If you have a tree nut allergy, avoid this product.
What side effects might I notice?
Most common are stomach upset, nausea, or diarrhea — several ingredients can irritate your digestive tract, especially if taken in larger doses. Yarrow can cause contact dermatitis or allergic skin rashes if it touches your skin. Clove may cause mouth irritation or burning. If you experience severe nausea, vomiting, or any signs of an allergic reaction, stop and contact your pharmacist or doctor.
How long is it safe to take this?
Black walnut safety data are limited and long-term use isn't well studied — short-term use is more cautious. The same applies to gentian, quassia, and sweet wormwood. Yarrow is often used short-term. For pumpkin and clove in food amounts, duration isn't a major concern, but concentrated supplements are less studied long-term. Talk with your pharmacist about how long to use this.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Black Walnut Capsules label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Black Walnut Capsules’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Black Walnut

Black walnut is a tree whose green hulls are traditionally used as a natural antiparasitic and digestive remedy, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking. It contains a compound ca...

Read the full Black Walnut monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Gentian

Interacts with 172 drugs

Gentian is a very bitter root traditionally used to stimulate appetite and ease mild digestive complaints, often as part of "bitters" before meals. The evidence is mostly traditional and pre...

Read the full Gentian monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Quassia

Interacts with 198 drugs

Quassia is a tropical wood known for its very bitter taste, traditionally used as a digestive bitter and as a folk remedy for parasites and head lice. Human evidence for these uses is limite...

Read the full Quassia monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Yarrow

Interacts with 1 drug

Yarrow is a traditional herb long used for wounds, digestive complaints, and colds, but high-quality human studies are very limited, so its benefits are not well proven. It is generally used...

Read the full Yarrow monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Sweet Annie

Interacts with 889 drugs

Sweet Annie (Artemisia annua) is the source of artemisinin, a compound used in prescription antimalarial drugs. While the purified drug is well studied for malaria, the herb itself as a supp...

Read the full Sweet Annie monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Pumpkin

Interacts with 1 drug

Pumpkin is a nutritious squash, and its seeds and seed oil are the parts most often used as supplements, mainly for urinary and prostate symptoms. The evidence for these uses is limited and...

Read the full Pumpkin monograph →
Herb & supplement monograph

Clove

Interacts with 977 drugs

Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main compound, eugenol. Food amounts are general...

Read the full Clove monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Black Walnut Capsules's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 66 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Black Walnut 3 references
  1. Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
  2. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  3. Food and Drug Administration. Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA); Public Law 108-282, Title II. Accessed on May 19, 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-allergensgluten-free-guidance-documents-regulatory-infor

See these in context on the Black Walnut monograph →

Gentian 5 references
  1. Neubauer N, Marz RW. Placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, clincal trial with Sinupret sugar coated tablets on the basis of a therapy with antibiotics and decongestant nasal drops in acute sinusitis. Phytomedicine 1994;1:177-81.
  2. Marz RW, Ismail C, Popp MA. Action profile and efficacy of a herbal combination preparation for the treatment of sinusitis. Wien Med Wochenschr 1999;149:202-8.
  3. Uncini Manganelli RE, Chericoni S, Baragatti B. Ethnopharmacobotany in Tuscany: plants used as antihypertensives. Fitoterapia 2000;71:S95-100. PubMed
  4. Baragatti B, Calderone V, Testai L, et al. Vasodilator activity of crude methanolic extract of Gentiana kokiana Perr. et Song. (Gentianaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2002;79:369-72. PubMed
  5. Sanatani M, Younus J, Stitt L, et al. Tolerability of the combination of ginger (Zingiber officinalis), gentian (Gentiana lutea) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) in patients with cancer-associated anorexia. J Complement Integr Med. 2015;12(1):57-60.

See these in context on the Gentian monograph →

Quassia 8 references
  1. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
  2. Robbers JE, Speedie MK, Tyler VE. Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1996.
  3. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  4. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  5. Jensen O, Nielsen AO, Bjerregaard P. Pediculosis capitis treated with quassia tincture. Acta Derm Venereol 1978;58:557-9. DOI
  6. Diehl C, Ferrari A. Efficacy of topical 4% Quassia amara gel in facial seborrheic dermatitis:a randomized, double-blind, comparative study. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12(3):312-5.
  7. Ferrari A, Diehl C. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerance of a topical gel with 4% quassia extract in the treatment of rosacea. J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;52(1):84-8. PubMed
  8. Husain GM, Singh PN, Singh RK, Kumar V. Antidiabetic activity of standardized extract of Quassia amara in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytother Res. 2011;25(12):1806-12.

See these in context on the Quassia monograph →

Yarrow 8 references
  1. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  2. Uter, W., Nohle, M., Randerath, B., and Schwanitz, H. J. Occupational contact urticaria and late-phase bronchial asthma caused by compositae pollen in a florist. Am J Contact Dermat. 2001;12(3):182-184. DOI
  3. Schempp, C. M., Schopf, E., and Simon, J. C. [Plant-induced toxic and allergic dermatitis (phytodermatitis)]. Hautarzt 2002;53(2):93-97.
  4. Jovanovic, M., Poljacki, M., Duran, V., Vujanovic, L., Sente, R., and Stojanovic, S. Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. Med Pregl. 2004;57(5-6):209-218. PubMed
  5. Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, et al. Safety assessment of Achillea millefolium as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2016;35(3 suppl):5S-15S.
  6. Zakeri S, Esmaeilzadeh S, Gorji N, Memariani Z, Moeini R, Bijani A. The effect of Achillea millefolium L. on vulvovaginal candidiasis compared with clotrimazole: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020;52:102483. PubMed
  7. de Souza P, Crestani S, da Silva Rde C, et al. Involvement of bradykinin and prostaglandins in the diuretic effects of Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Aug 26;149(1):157-61. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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