Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 7 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Card-Vasc Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Volcana Life

Card-Vasc label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 9, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Card-Vasc against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Card-Vasc is a dietary supplement by Volcana Life with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for muscle and joint aches, cough and chest congestion, itching and skin irritation.Based on those ingredients, 950 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Indian Tinospora, Yerba Buena, Ngai Camphor tree. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Card-Vasc by Volcana Life

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Card-Vasc by Volcana Life — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Card-Vasc by Volcana Life

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 7 active ingredients.

Card-Vasc contains 7 ingredients, of which 4 are checked for interactions. The active ingredients are Rauwolfia, Ngai Camphor tree (camphor), Pansit-pansitan, Chinese Chaste Tree, Yerba Buena, Indian Tinospora, and Madagascar Periwinkle.

The inactive ingredients—cellulose, magnesium stearate, silica, and vegetable gelatin—are excipients that form and stabilize the capsule.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded its ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports its ingredients for:

  • Cough via Camphor Likely Effective
  • Pain (acute) via Camphor Likely Effective
  • Pruritus via Camphor Likely Effective
  • Diabetes via Tinospora Cordifolia Possibly Effective
Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredients' overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Cough — rated "Likely Effective" (Camphor) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Pain (acute) — rated "Likely Effective" (Camphor) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Pruritus — rated "Likely Effective" (Camphor) (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Diabetes — rated "Possibly Effective" (Tinospora Cordifolia) (Natural Medicines).

Of the ingredients we have effectiveness data for, Indian Tinospora is rated possibly effective for diabetes; the evidence for its use in hay fever, asthma, athletic performance, cancer, and hepatitis is insufficient. Camphor is rated likely effective for cough, acute pain, and itching.

Madagascar Periwinkle has no established effectiveness ratings in our data. No effectiveness evidence is on file for the other ingredients.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Camphor Spearmint Tinospora Cordifolia Madagascar Periwinkle

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Camphor is generally well tolerated in small amounts applied to the skin, but it is unsafe if swallowed or overused and can cause serious toxicity—including heart rhythm problems and breathing trouble—if ingested in large doses. Avoid applying it to your chest or breast area.

Taken by mouth, camphor causes gastrointestinal upset and vision problems within minutes and can trigger neurological symptoms at high doses. Indian Tinospora is generally well tolerated orally, though headache has been reported in clinical trials.

However, rare cases of liver injury—including autoimmune hepatitis, acute hepatitis, and liver failure—have occurred after weeks of use; two patients required transplants and four died. Madagascar Periwinkle is considered unsafe as a supplement: the raw plant contains toxic alkaloids that cause hallucinations, seizures, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, hearing loss, and blood cell damage.

Both Tinospora and Madagascar Periwinkle are rated unsafe or likely unsafe in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Camphor Spearmint Tinospora Cordifolia Madagascar Periwinkle

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Madagascar Periwinkle, Camphor, Spearmint, Tinospora Cordifolia.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 951 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your pharmacist if you take drugs broken down by your liver's CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP1A2, or CYP2C9 enzymes (Moderate), diabetes medications (Moderate), drugs that can harm the liver (Moderate), lithium (Moderate), or immunosuppressants (Moderate).

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

Card-Vasc has several significant interaction risks and serious safety concerns that require careful consideration. If you take any medication—especially diabetes drugs, heart or blood pressure medications, psychiatric drugs including lithium, or any drug that affects your liver—check your exact prescriptions with the tool on this page before starting.

Talk with your pharmacist or doctor about whether this product is right for you.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 25, 2013.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Card-Vasc, straight from the product label.

Brand Volcana Life
Net contents 120 Veggie Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 25, 2013
DSLD ID 25517
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Card-Vasc by Volcana Life, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
2 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
60
IngredientAmount% DV
Rauwolfia0 NP--
Ngai Camphor tree0 NP--
Pansit-pansitan0 NP--
Chinese Chaste Tree0 NP--
Yerba Buena0 NP--
Indian Tinospora0 NP--
Madagascar Periwinkle0 NP--

Other ingredients: Cellulose, magnesium stearate, Silica, vegetable gelatin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested Use: Adults take 2 capsules three times daily before meals or as directed by your healthcare professional.

Precautions

Warnings: If pregnant or breastfeeding, consult a health professional before use.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Tamper Evident: Do not use if shrink wrap with MPI logo is broken or missing.

General Statements

Pacific Island Herbals

FDA Statement of Identity

Herbal Supplement

Seals/Symbols

MPI

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Card-Vasc by Volcana Life label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Card-Vasc label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Card-Vasc by Volcana Life

These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container60 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Rauwolfia

0 NP per serving

Ngai Camphor tree

Interacts with
370 drugs
0 NP per serving

Camphor is a strong-smelling compound from the camphor tree (or made synthetically) that is used in many topical rub-on products for muscle aches, itc...

Ngai Camphor tree monograph & interactions

Pansit-pansitan

0 NP per serving

Chinese Chaste Tree

0 NP per serving

Yerba Buena

Interacts with
579 drugs
0 NP per serving

Spearmint is a common culinary mint that is generally safe in food and tea amounts. Early research suggests possible benefits for digestion, mild horm...

Yerba Buena monograph & interactions

Indian Tinospora

Interacts with
612 drugs
0 NP per serving

Tinospora cordifolia, known as Guduchi or Giloy in Ayurvedic medicine, is a climbing plant traditionally used to support immunity and treat fevers. Ea...

Indian Tinospora monograph & interactions

Madagascar Periwinkle

Interacts with
87 drugs
0 NP per serving

Madagascar periwinkle is a flowering plant famous as the natural source of important chemotherapy drugs (vincristine and vinblastine), but the raw pla...

Madagascar Periwinkle monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Cellulose, Magnesium stearate, Silica, Vegetable gelatin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Card-Vasc by Volcana Life Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Card-Vasc?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
950Drugs
950 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Indian Tinospora 612
Yerba Buena 579
Ngai Camphor tree 370
Madagascar Periwinkle 87

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Card-Vasc interact with 950 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 7 ingredients in Card-Vasc interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Indian Tinospora Yerba Buena Ngai Camphor tree Madagascar Periwinkle

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Card-Vasc with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Indian Tinospora6 drug types · 612 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Clinical research in adults with type 2 diabetes shows that Tinospora cordifolia can reduce fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Additionally, animal research shows that Tinospora cordifolia has hypoglycemic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract inhibits CYP1A2 at high concentrations. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract inhibits CYP2C19 at high concentrations. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract inhibits CYP2C9. Animal research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract 400 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days reduces the clearance and increases plasma levels of glyburide, a CYP2C9 substrate. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that Tinospora cordifolia extract inhibits CYP2D6 at high concentrations. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, Tinospora cordifolia might reduce the effectiveness of immunosuppressants.
In vitro and animal research shows that Tinospora cordifolia has immunostimulant effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Indian Tinospora full monograph & interactions

Yerba Buena2 drug types · 579 drugs

Cns Depressants

Theoretically, spearmint might alter the sedative effects of CNS depressants.
Animal research suggests that (-)-carvone, a major constituent of spearmint, has sedative effects. However, in humans, chewing spearmint-flavored gum induced arousal effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, high doses of spearmint might increase the risk of liver damage when taken with hepatotoxic drugs.
Animal research suggests that drinking spearmint tea for 30 days can increase markers of liver damage, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cause liver degeneration and necrosis, in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Yerba Buena full monograph & interactions

Ngai Camphor tree1 drug type · 370 drugs

Hepatotoxic Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of camphor with other hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of liver damage.
There have been a few case reports of transient elevations in liver enzymes in adults after oral or topical use of camphor. There has also been one case of hepatotoxicity in an infant after topical camphor use.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ngai Camphor tree full monograph & interactions

Madagascar Periwinkle2 drug types · 87 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Animal research shows that Madagascar periwinkle lowers blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Theoretically, using Madagascar periwinkle in combination with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia; monitor blood glucose closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Madagascar periwinkle is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, Madagascar periwinkle might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Madagascar Periwinkle full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Card-Vasc, from the product label.

Volcana Life

See all Volcana Life products
Name
Marco Pharma Int'l
City
Roseburg
State
OR
ZipCode
97470
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Card-Vasc by Volcana Life: Common Questions

Does Card-Vasc by Volcana Life interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Card-Vasc has a known interaction with 950 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Card-Vasc contains 7 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is camphor in this product used for?
Camphor is included because it's likely effective for cough, acute pain, and itching. However, in this product it's taken by mouth, which is unsafe; camphor is only reasonably safe in small topical amounts applied to skin. Swallowing it can cause serious toxicity.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding?
No. Camphor is rated unsafe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Indian Tinospora safety has not been established in pregnancy, so it should be avoided. Madagascar Periwinkle is likely unsafe in both pregnancy and breastfeeding because of its toxic alkaloids. Talk with your doctor before considering this product.
Does this product work for diabetes?
Indian Tinospora in the product is rated possibly effective for diabetes, but it can also lower blood sugar too much when combined with diabetes medications. If you have diabetes or take diabetes drugs, you need to talk with your pharmacist before using this product—not instead of checking your medications.
What are the side effects of Madagascar Periwinkle in this product?
Madagascar Periwinkle is considered unsafe because its alkaloids can cause hallucinations, seizures, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, dizziness, hearing loss, and dangerous drops in blood cell counts. The risks of this ingredient are serious enough that safety experts advise against its use as a supplement.
Is camphor safe to take by mouth in this capsule?
No. Camphor taken by mouth is unsafe and can cause gastrointestinal upset, vision problems, and serious neurological symptoms at high doses. It has also caused heart rhythm disturbances and breathing trouble in case reports. Camphor is only reasonably safe in small topical amounts on the skin.
Can this product cause liver damage?
Yes. Camphor can cause liver enzyme changes, and Indian Tinospora has been linked to rare but serious liver injury—including autoimmune hepatitis and acute liver failure—in 49 patients across case reports, resulting in two transplants and four deaths. If you have liver disease or take drugs that affect your liver, this product poses additional risk.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Card-Vasc label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Card-Vasc’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Camphor

Interacts with 370 drugs

Camphor is a strong-smelling compound from the camphor tree (or made synthetically) that is used in many topical rub-on products for muscle aches, itching, and chest congestion. It can be he...

Read the full Camphor monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Spearmint

Interacts with 579 drugs

Spearmint is a common culinary mint that is generally safe in food and tea amounts. Early research suggests possible benefits for digestion, mild hormone-related issues (such as excess facia...

Read the full Spearmint monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Tinospora Cordifolia

Interacts with 612 drugs

Tinospora cordifolia, known as Guduchi or Giloy in Ayurvedic medicine, is a climbing plant traditionally used to support immunity and treat fevers. Early laboratory and small human studies s...

Read the full Tinospora Cordifolia monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Madagascar Periwinkle

Interacts with 87 drugs

Madagascar periwinkle is a flowering plant famous as the natural source of important chemotherapy drugs (vincristine and vinblastine), but the raw plant itself is toxic and not safe to use a...

Read the full Madagascar Periwinkle monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Card-Vasc's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 62 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Camphor 20 references
  1. Uc A, Bishop WP, Sanders KD. Camphor hepatotoxicity. South Med J 2000;93:596-8. DOI
  2. Love JN, Sammon M, Smereck J. Are one or two dangerous? Camphor exposure in toddlers. J Emerg Med 2004;27:49-54.. PubMed
  3. Ruha AM, Graeme KA, Field A. Late seizure following ingestion of Vicks VapoRub. Acad Emerg Med 2003;10:691. . PubMed
  4. Gouin S, Patel H. Unusual cause of seizure. Pediatr Emerg Care 1996;12:298-300. DOI
  5. Ernst E. Adverse effects of herbal drugs in dermatology. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:923-9. PubMed
  6. Fung AE, Oxford KW. Microwave-superheated Vics Vapo Rub: an ocular public health danger. Am J Ophthalmol 2004;137:379-80. PubMed
  7. Emery, D. P. and Corban, J. G. Camphor toxicity. J.Paediatr.Child Health 1999;35(1):105-106.
  8. Rampini, S. K., Schneemann, M., Rentsch, K., and Bachli, E. B. Camphor intoxication after cao gio (coin rubbing). JAMA 7-3-2002;288(1):45.
  9. SMITH, A. G. and MARGOLIS, G. Camphor poisoning; anatomical and pharmacologic study; report of a fatal case; experimental investigation of protective action of barbiturate. Am.J.Pathol. 1954;30(5):857-869.
  10. Ragucci, K. R., Trangmar, P. R., Bigby, J. G., and Detar, T. D. Camphor ingestion in a 10-year-old male. South.Med.J. 2007;100(2):204-207. PubMed
  11. Agarwal, A. and Malhotra, H. S. Camphor ingestion: an unusual cause of seizure. J.Assoc.Physicians India 2008;56:123-124.
  12. Weiss, J. and Catalano, P. Camphorated oil intoxication during pregnancy. Pediatrics 1973;52(5):713-714. DOI
  13. Vasey, R. H. and Karayannopoulos, S. J. Camphorated oil. Br.Med.J. 1-8-1972;1(5792):112.
  14. Mascie-Taylor, B. H., Widdop, B., and Davison, A. M. Camphor intoxication treated by charcoal haemoperfusion. Postgrad.Med.J. 1981;57(673):725-726. PubMed
  15. Theis, J. G. and Koren, G. Camphorated oil: still endangering the lives of Canadian children. CMAJ. 6-1-1995;152(11):1821-1824.
  16. Skoglund, R. R., Ware, L. L., Jr., and Schanberger, J. E. Prolonged seizures due to contact and inhalation exposure to camphor. A case report. Clin.Pediatr.(Phila) 1977;16(10):901-902. PubMed
  17. Cordoba Torres IT, Marino-Nieto J, Barkin HB, Fort AC, Cobas M. Vicks VapoRub intoxication: an unusual presentation of multiorgan failure. J Clin Anesth 2018;48:46-7. PubMed
  18. Rahimi M, Shokri F, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, et al. Severe camphor poisoning, a seven-year observational study. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2017;52:8-13. PubMed
  19. Mathew T, John SK, Kamath V, et al. Essential oil related seizures (EORS): A multi-center prospective study on essential oils and seizures in adults. Epilepsy Res. 2021;173:106626. PubMed
  20. Camphor (synthetic): Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 1994. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/76222.html. Assessed 5/6/2021.

See these in context on the Camphor monograph →

Spearmint 20 references
  1. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  2. Akdogan M, Ozguner M, Aydin G, Gokalp O. Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita Labiatae and Mentha spicata Labiatae on liver tissue in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2004;23:21-8.
  3. Poon, T. S. and Freeman, S. Cheilitis caused by contact allergy to anethole in spearmint flavoured toothpaste. Australas.J Dermatol. 2006;47(4):300-301. PubMed
  4. Andersen, K. E. Contact allergy to toothpaste flavors. Contact Dermatitis 1978;4(4):195-198. PubMed
  5. de Sousa, D. P., Farias Nobrega, F. F., and de Almeida, R. N. Influence of the chirality of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-carvone in the central nervous system: a comparative study. Chirality 5-5-2007;19(4):264-268.
  6. Larsen, W., Nakayama, H., Fischer, T., Elsner, P., Frosch, P., Burrows, D., Jordan, W., Shaw, S., Wilkinson, J., Marks, J., Jr., Sugawara, M., Nethercott, M., and Nethercott, J. Fragrance contact dermatitis: a worldwide multicenter investigation (Part II PubMed
  7. Guney, M., Oral, B., Karahanli, N., Mungan, T., and Akdogan, M. The effect of Mentha spicata Labiatae on uterine tissue in rats. Toxicol.Ind.Health 2006;22(8):343-348.
  8. Masumoto, Y., Morinushi, T., Kawasaki, H., Ogura, T., and Takigawa, M. Effects of three principal constituents in chewing gum on electroencephalographic activity. Psychiatry Clin.Neurosci. 1999;53(1):17-23. PubMed
  9. Bulat, R., Fachnie, E., Chauhan, U., Chen, Y., and Tougas, G. Lack of effect of spearmint on lower oesophageal sphincter function and acid reflux in healthy volunteers. Aliment.Pharmacol Ther. 1999;13(6):805-812. PubMed
  10. Francalanci, S., Sertoli, A., Giorgini, S., Pigatto, P., Santucci, B., and Valsecchi, R. Multicentre study of allergic contact cheilitis from toothpastes. Contact Dermatitis 2000;43(4):216-222. PubMed
  11. Bonamonte, D., Mundo, L., Daddabbo, M., and Foti, C. Allergic contact dermatitis from Mentha spicata (spearmint). Contact Dermatitis 2001;45(5):298.
  12. Tomson, N., Murdoch, S., and Finch, T. M. The dangers of making mint sauce. Contact Dermatitis 2004;51(2):92-93. PubMed
  13. Clayton, R. and Orton, D. Contact allergy to spearmint oil in a patient with oral lichen planus. Contact Dermatitis 2004;51(5-6):314-315. PubMed
  14. Dal Sacco, D., Gibelli, D., and Gallo, R. Contact allergy in the burning mouth syndrome: a retrospective study on 38 patients. Acta Derm.Venereol. 2005;85(1):63-64. PubMed
  15. Goncalves, J. C., Oliveira, Fde S., Benedito, R. B., de Sousa, D. P., de Almeida, R. N., and de Araujo, D. A. Antinociceptive activity of (-)-carvone: evidence of association with decreased peripheral nerve excitability. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008;31(5):1017- PubMed
  16. Ormerod, A. D. and Main, R. A. Sensitisation to "sensitive teeth" toothpaste. Contact Dermatitis 1985;13(3):192-193. PubMed
  17. Skrebova, N., Brocks, K., and Karlsmark, T. Allergic contact cheilitis from spearmint oil. Contact Dermatitis 1998;39(1):35. PubMed
  18. Damiani E, Aloia AM, Priore MG, et al. Allergy to mint (Mentha spicata). J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2012;22:309-10.
  19. Connelly AE, Tucker AJ, Tulk H, et al. High-rosmarinic acid spearmint tea in the management of knee osteoarthritis symptoms. J Med Food 2014;17:1361-7. PubMed
  20. Lasrado JA, Nieman KM, Fonseca BA, et al. Safety and tolerability of a dried aqueous spearmint extract. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017;86:167-176. PubMed

See these in context on the Spearmint monograph →

Tinospora Cordifolia 16 references
  1. Stanely Mainzen Prince P, Menon VP. Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic action of alcohol extract of Tinospora cordifolia roots in chemical induced diabetes in rats. Phytother Res 2003;17:410-3.
  2. Grover JK, Vats V, Rathi SS. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of Eugenia jambolana and Tinospora cordifolia in experimental diabetes and their effects on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73:461-70. PubMed
  3. Manjrekar PN, Jolly CI, Narayanan S. Comparative studies of the immunomodulatory activity of Tinospora cordifolia and Tinospora sinensis. Fitoterapia 2000;71:254-7. PubMed
  4. Prince PS, Menon VP. Antioxidant activity of Tinospora cordifolia roots in experimental diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;65:277-81. PubMed
  5. Stanely Mainzen Prince P, Menon VP, Gunasekaran G. Hypolipidaemic action of Tinospora cordifolia roots in alloxan diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;64:53-7. PubMed
  6. Badar VA, Thawani VR, Wakode PT, et al. Efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia in allergic rhinitis. J Ethnopharmacol 2005;96:445-9. PubMed
  7. Kapil A, Sharma S. Immunopotentiating compounds from Tinospora cordifolia. J Ethnopharmacol 1997;58:89-95. PubMed
  8. Nair PK, Rodriguez S, Ramachandran R, et al. Immune stimulating properties of a novel polysaccharide from the medicinal plant Tinospora cordifolia. Int Immunopharmacol 2004;4:1645-59. PubMed
  9. Castillo AL, Osi MO, Ramos JD, De Francia JL, Dujunco MU, Quilala PF. Efficacy and safety of Tinospora cordifolia lotion in Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis-infected pediatric patients: A single blind, randomized controlled trial. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2 PubMed
  10. Sahu R, Ahmed T, Sangana R, Punde R, Subudhi BB. Effect of Tinospora cordifolia aqua-alcoholic extract on pharmacokinetic of glibenclamide in rat: an herb-drug interaction study. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2018;151:310-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.01.010. PubMed
  11. Patial V, Katoch S, Chhimwal J, Singh PP, Suresh PS, Padwad Y. Tinospora cordifolia activates PPAR? pathway and mitigates glomerular and tubular cell injury in diabetic kidney disease. Phytomedicine 2021;91:153663. PubMed
  12. Kulkarni AV, Hanchanale P, Prakash V, et al. Tinospora Cordifolia (Giloy)-Induced Liver Injury During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Multicenter Nationwide Study From India. Hepatol Commun 2022;6(6):1289-1300. PubMed
  13. Nagral A, Adhyaru K, Rudra OS, Gharat A, Bhandare S. Herbal Immune Booster-Induced Liver Injury in the COVID-19 Pandemic - A Case Series. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2021;11(6):732-738. PubMed
  14. Chattopadhyay K, Wang H, Kaur J, et al. Effectiveness and Safety of Ayurvedic Medicines in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:821810. Published 2022 Jun 8. PubMed
  15. Nnamani I, Tolu-Akinnawo O, Dufera RR, Akintunde A, Maliakkal B. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi/Giloy)-Induced Liver Injury: A Case Review. Cureus 2023;15(5):e39793. PubMed
  16. May K, Jeitler M, Murthy V, Stapelfeldt E, Kessler CS. A Case Report of Acute Hepatitis Involving the Medicinal Herb Tinospora cordifolia Along with Other Variables. J Integr Complement Med 2023;29(5):327-333.

See these in context on the Tinospora Cordifolia monograph →

Madagascar Periwinkle 6 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. McEvoy GK, ed. AHFS Drug Information. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998.
  3. Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
  4. Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
  5. Ghosh D, Roy I, Chanda S, Gupta-Bhattacharya S. Allergy to periwinkle pollen (Catharanthus roseus G. Don.). Ann Agric Environ Med. 2007;14(1):39-43.
  6. Oguntibeju OO, Aboua Y, Goboza M. Vindoline-A natural product from catharanthus roseus reduces hyperlipidemia and renal pathophysiology in experimental type 2 diabetes. Biomedicines. 2019 Aug 13;7(3):59. PubMed

See these in context on the Madagascar Periwinkle monograph →

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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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