David Winston's Sinus Support Compound Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking David Winston's Sinus Support Compound against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
David Winston's Sinus Support Compound is a dietary supplement by Herbalist & Alchemist with 7 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for cough and sore throat, respiratory infections and colds, immune support.Based on those ingredients, 1,137 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Echinacea purpurea flower and root extract, Kudzu root extract, Eyebright herb extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against David Winston's Sinus Support Compound by Herbalist & Alchemist
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound by Herbalist & Alchemist — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of David Winston's Sinus Support Compound by Herbalist & Alchemist
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
This 7-ingredient blend combines herbal extracts traditionally used for sinus support. The active ingredients are osha root, kudzu root, echinacea purpurea (flower and root), eyebright herb, horseradish root, bayberry root bark, and collinsonia whole plant.
The product comes as a liquid formulation suspended in distilled water, ethyl alcohol, and vegetable glycerin.
Does it work?
Not established
The evidence supporting these ingredients for sinus-related concerns is limited. Osha root and eyebright have insufficient reliable evidence for their traditional uses in respiratory health and hay fever.
Kudzu has been shown to be possibly effective for alcohol use disorder, but lacks reliable evidence for hay fever or other respiratory conditions. Echinacea and horseradish likewise show insufficient reliable evidence for the conditions they're traditionally used for, including cough, cold, and respiratory infections.
The safety data we hold does not establish effectiveness for any of these ingredients in treating sinus issues specifically.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Several ingredients in this blend carry cautions about short-term and long-term safety. Osha root has limited safety data and wild plants can be confused with poisonous look-alikes; it's traditionally avoided in pregnancy and not studied for breastfeeding safety.
Kudzu is generally well tolerated short-term, but long-term safety isn't established, and it should be avoided during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Echinacea is well tolerated orally but may trigger allergic reactions, especially in people sensitive to ragweed and related plants (such as daisies and marigolds); rare cases of liver inflammation (hepatitis) have been reported.
Eyebright may cause confusion, headache, nausea, constipation, cough, and shortness of breath. Horseradish in large amounts can cause stomach upset, bloody vomiting, diarrhea, and in rare cases, fainting.
Bayberry can cause stomach irritation, vomiting, and liver damage due to its tannin content. None of these ingredients have adequate safety data for pregnancy or breastfeeding; talk with your pharmacist or doctor before use if you're pregnant, nursing, or planning either.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Before taking this product, check whether you're on any blood thinners (anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs), drugs processed by your liver's CYP1A2 or CYP3A4 enzymes (including caffeine, many antidepressants, statins, and others), diabetes medications, immune-suppressing drugs, thyroid hormone replacement, methotrexate, tamoxifen, etoposide, warfarin, lopinavir/ritonavir, or midazolam. These carry Moderate or Minor severity interactions with ingredients in this blend.
Ask your pharmacist to run your medications through the tool on this page.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This is a multiherbal sinus blend with limited evidence of effectiveness and multiple potential drug interactions—especially with blood thinners, diabetes medications, liver-processed drugs, immune suppressants, and thyroid replacement. If you take any prescription medication, check your exact drugs against the interaction tool before starting.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding safety data are insufficient; speak with your pharmacist or doctor first if either applies to you.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 7 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Nov 21, 2019.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about David Winston's Sinus Support Compound, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Herbalist & Alchemist |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 667056112646 |
| Net contents | 2 fl. Oz.; 60 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Nov 21, 2019 |
| DSLD ID | 208910 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Kosher, Women (not pregnant or lactating) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for David Winston's Sinus Support Compound by Herbalist & Alchemist, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Proprietary Blend | 2 mL | -- |
| Osha root extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Kudzu root extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Echinacea purpurea flower and root extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Eyebright herb extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Horseradish root extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Bayberry root bark extract | 0 NP | -- |
| Collinsonia whole plant extract | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: distilled Water, Ethyl Alcohol, Vegetable Glycerin
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
General Statements
Supports healthy sinus function
FDA Statement of Identity
Herbal Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested use: 20-40 drops (1-2 mL) in juice or water. Take 3-4 times per day as needed. Shake well before using.
Precautions
Contraindications: Do not use during pregnancy or if you have dry, red, inflamed sinuses, yellow sticky mucus or dry eyes.
Contraindications: Do not use during pregnancy or if you have dry, red, inflamed sinuses, yellow sticky mucus or dry eyes.
Keep out of children's reach
FDA Disclaimer Statement
This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Seals/Symbols
OK
Formula
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David Winston's Sinus Support Compound by Herbalist & Alchemist label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in David Winston's Sinus Support Compound by Herbalist & Alchemist
These are the 7 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Other (inactive) ingredients: Distilled Water, Ethyl Alcohol, Vegetable Glycerin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
David Winston's Sinus Support Compound by Herbalist & Alchemist Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
David Winston's Sinus Support Compound by Herbalist & Alchemist contains several herbal extracts with documented interactions.
The most serious concern is kudzu root extract, which carries Moderate-severity interactions with multiple drug types. Kudzu may increase the risk of bleeding if used alongside blood thinners (anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs), and it can theoretically heighten the toxicity risk of methotrexate.
It may also interfere with estrogen therapy, affect the liver in combination with liver-damaging drugs, increase caffeine levels, and alter how tamoxifen works. Additionally, kudzu might lower blood sugar and increase the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) if taken with diabetes medications (Minor severity).
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Echinacea purpurea extract has Moderate-severity interactions with caffeine (raising its levels), drugs broken down by the liver's CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 enzymes, immune-suppressing medications, and the cancer drug etoposide. It also carries Minor-severity interactions with warfarin (a blood thinner), lopinavir/ritonavir (HIV medication), and midazolam (a sedative).
Eyebright and horseradish add further considerations: eyebright may raise the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) with diabetes medications (Moderate severity), and horseradish might interfere with thyroid hormone replacement (Moderate severity).
Osha root extract and bayberry root bark extract have been checked and carry no documented interactions. Collinsonia plant extract could not be checked — we hold no interaction data for it.
Altogether, these interactions span 1,116 individual medications. Run your exact medications through the search tool on this page to see if any are affected.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against David Winston's Sinus Support Compound?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in David Winston's Sinus Support Compound interact with 1,137 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 7 ingredients in David Winston's Sinus Support Compound interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Echinacea purpurea flower and root extract Kudzu root extract Eyebright herb extract Horseradish root extract
6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea has immunostimulant activity which may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionKudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq
How Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAbacavir, LamivudineEpzicom
How Abacavir, Lamivudine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, kudzu may increase the risk of bleeding if used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Abiraterone interactionKudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionEchinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, kudzu may increase the risk of bleeding if used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Abrocitinib interactionEchinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractImmunosuppressants Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea has immunostimulant activity which may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Eyebright Herb ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, eyebright might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Eyebright Herb Extract + Acarbose interactionKudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Antidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, kudzu may increase the risk of bleeding if used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen interactionKudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionEchinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractCaffeine, Hepatotoxic Drugs +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking kudzu with caffeine might increase levels of caffeine.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionEchinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionEchinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionKudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionEchinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionKudzu Root ExtractCaffeine, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking kudzu with caffeine might increase levels of caffeine.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionKudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionEchinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractCaffeine, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking kudzu with caffeine might increase levels of caffeine.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionEchinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionEchinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCaffeine, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionKudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractCaffeine, Hepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking kudzu with caffeine might increase levels of caffeine.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionEchinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, IsomethepteneMigralam
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Kudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionEchinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCaffeine, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Isometheptene interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Caffeine +1 Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionKudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs, Caffeine Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan HbrVicks Formula 44M Cough, Cold & Flu Relief
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionKudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr interactionAcetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, PhenylephrineColrex
How Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interacts with David Winston's Sinus Support Compound — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Read the full Echinacea Purpurea Flower And Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionKudzu Root ExtractHepatotoxic Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
Read the full Kudzu Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine, Codeine, Phenylephrine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in David Winston's Sinus Support Compound with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Echinacea purpurea flower and root extract
Caffeine
Echinacea can increase plasma levels of caffeine by inhibiting its metabolism.
Echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine by around 30%. This is likely due to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) by echinacea.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Echinacea might inhibit the metabolism of CYP1A2 and increase plasma levels of some drugs.
Echinacea appears to inhibit CYP1A2 enzymes in humans. Additionally, echinacea seems to increase plasma concentrations of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate, by around 30%. Theoretically, echinacea might increase levels of other drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Echinacea may induce hepatic CYP3A4 and inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. This may increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Several clinical trials have shown that taking echinacea for up to one month does not significantly affect the metabolism of various CYP3A4 substrates, including midazolam, docetaxel, etravirine, lopinavir-ritonavir, and darunavir-ritonavir. However, other clinical research shows that echinacea may increase the clearance of midazolam, suggesting that echinacea might induce CYP3A4. The discrepancy is thought to be due to differing effects of echinacea on intestinal versus hepatic CYP3A4 enzymes. Echinacea appears to induce hepatic CYP3A4 but inhibit intestinal CYP3A4. In some cases, these effects might cancel each other out, but in others, drug levels may be increased or decreased depending on the level of effect at hepatic and intestinal sites. The effect of echinacea on CYP3A4 activity may differ depending on the CYP3A4 substrate.
Etoposide (Vepesid)
Echinacea may increase levels of etoposide.
In one report, concomitant use of etoposide and echinacea was associated with more severe thrombocytopenia than the use of etoposide alone, suggesting inhibition of etoposide metabolism. Etoposide is a cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrate. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but some studies have reported inhibition of the enzyme.
Immunosuppressants
Echinacea has immunostimulant activity which may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy.
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with immunosuppressant therapy because of its immunostimulant activity.
Darunavir (Prezista)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of darunavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Darunavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but administration of an E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg four times daily for 14 days did not affect darunavir/ritonavir pharmacokinetics in 15 HIV-infected patients.
Dayquil Severe
Echinacea is reported to have varying effects on a number of Cytochrome P450 metabolizing enzymes in the liver, including CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, which play a role in acetaminophen and dextromethorphan metabolism (both contained in DayQuil Severe), respectively. Studies have reported both enzyme inhibition and induction, making it difficult to predict clinically significant drug interactions with reliability. Specific drug interaction studies reporting definitive results are rare, and potential drug interactions involving echinacea should likely be taken on a case-by-case basis. Based on what we know about how acetaminophen and dextromethorphan are metabolized, the risk of a clinically significant interaction between echinacea and DayQuil Severe is low.
Docetaxel (Taxotere)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of docetaxel; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Docetaxel is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea whole plant extract (Echinaforce, A. Vogel Biopharma AG) 20 drops three times daily for 2 weeks did not alter the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel in one clinical study.
Etravirine (Intelence)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of etravirine; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Etravirine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea root extract (Arkocapsulas Echinacea, Arkopharma) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of etravirine in HIV-infected patients.
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra)
Theoretically, echinacea may interfere with the metabolism of lopinavir; however, a small clinical study found no effect.
Lopinavir is metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is administered with the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir to increase its plasma concentrations. Echinacea has variable effects on CYP3A4, but taking E. purpurea (Echinamide, Natural Factors Nutritional Products, Inc.) 500 mg three times daily for 14 days did not alter the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in healthy volunteers.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, echinacea may increase the metabolism of intravenous midazolam.
Echinacea induces hepatic CYP3A4 and might decrease plasma levels of midazolam by about 20%, reducing the effectiveness of intravenous midazolam. Echinacea also appears to inhibit intestinal CYP3A4, which could theoretically increase the bioavailability of oral midazolam. This may cancel out the decrease in availability caused by induction of hepatic CYP3A4, such that overall plasma levels after oral administration of midazolam are not affected by echinacea.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Echinacea seems to increase the clearance of warfarin, although the effect may not be clinically significant.
Preliminary clinical research in healthy male volunteers suggests that taking echinacea increases the clearance of the active S-isomer of warfarin after a single dose of warfarin, but there was not a clinically significant effect on the INR.
Kudzu root extract
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, kudzu may increase the risk of bleeding if used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Kudzu isoflavones are reported to have antiplatelet activity.
Caffeine
Theoretically, taking kudzu with caffeine might increase levels of caffeine.
In healthy males injected with the kudzu constituent puerarin, caffeine clearance and metabolism is inhibited. This effect has been attributed to inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme, which is involved in caffeine metabolism. It is unclear if taking kudzu orally would have this same effect.
Estrogens
Theoretically, kudzu might alter the effects of estrogen therapy.
Some research suggests that kudzu has estrogenic effects. This may enhance or inhibit the effects of estrogen therapy.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use might have additive hepatotoxic effects.
There is some concern that kudzu can adversely affect the liver.
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)
Theoretically, taking kudzu with methotrexate might increase the risk of methotrexate toxicity.
Preclinical research suggests that kudzu extract greatly reduces the elimination and increases the toxicity of methotrexate. Kudzu might inhibit organic anion transporters (OATs) that are responsible for hepatobiliary and renal excretion of anions, similar to the interaction between methotrexate and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, kudzu might interfere with tamoxifen activity.
Some research suggests that kudzu may have estrogenic effects.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking kudzu with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Kudzu might lower blood glucose levels and have additive effects in patients treated with antidiabetic agents. The dose of diabetes medications might need to be adjusted.
Eyebright herb extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, eyebright might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that eyebright lowers blood glucose levels.
Horseradish root extract
Thyroid Hormone
Theoretically, horseradish might interfere with the effects of thyroid hormone.
Horseradish and other members of the cabbage and mustard family are associated with depressed thyroid function.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for David Winston's Sinus Support Compound, from the product label.
Herbalist & Alchemist
See all Herbalist & Alchemist products- Name
- Herbalist & Alchemist, Inc.
- City
- Washington
- State
- NJ
- ZipCode
- 07882
- Phone Number
- 800-611-8235
- Web Address
- www.herbalist-alchemist.com
David Winston's Sinus Support Compound by Herbalist & Alchemist: Common Questions
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The Full Monographs Behind David Winston's Sinus Support Compound’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Osha
Osha is a root from a wild mountain plant native to the western United States and Mexico, traditionally used by Native American and Hispanic communities for coughs, colds, and sore throats....
Read the full Osha monograph → Herb & supplement monographKudzu
Interacts with 584 drugsKudzu is a fast-growing vine whose root has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and is now studied mostly for reducing alcohol intake. Early research is promising for cutting back...
Read the full Kudzu monograph → Herb & supplement monographEchinacea
Interacts with 816 drugsEchinacea is a popular herb taken to help prevent or shorten the common cold, but study results are mixed and the overall benefit appears small at best. It is generally well tolerated for sh...
Read the full Echinacea monograph → Herb & supplement monographEyebright
Interacts with 86 drugsEyebright is a traditional herb long used for minor eye irritation, redness, and allergy symptoms, but high-quality human studies are very limited. There is not enough reliable evidence to c...
Read the full Eyebright monograph → Herb & supplement monographHorseradish
Interacts with 16 drugsHorseradish is a pungent root used as a food and folk remedy, most often for sinus congestion and urinary tract complaints. Human evidence is limited, and while culinary amounts are generall...
Read the full Horseradish monograph → Herb & supplement monographBayberry
Bayberry is a traditional herb used mainly as an astringent for diarrhea, sore throats, and minor skin or gum problems, but there is very little modern human research to confirm it works. It...
Read the full Bayberry monograph → Herb & supplement monographStone Root
Stone root is a North American herb traditionally used for hemorrhoids, urinary complaints, and digestive issues. There is very little modern scientific evidence to confirm it works for any...
Read the full Stone Root monograph →Sources & How We Checked
David Winston's Sinus Support Compound's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 88 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Osha 2 references
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
Kudzu 21 references
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- Akita H, Sowa J, Makiura M, et al. Maculopapular drug eruption due to the Japanese herbal medicine Kakkonto (kudzu or arrowroot decoction). Contact Dermatitis 2003;48:348-9. PubMed
- Luo ZR, Zheng B. [Effect of Puerarin on platelet activating factors CD63 and CD62P, plasminogen activator inhibitor and C-reactive protein in patients with unstable angia pectoris]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2001;21:31-3 .
- Lee KT, Sohn IC, Kim DH, et al. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III in the streptozotocin-lnduced diabetic rat and their antioxidant activity in vitro. Arch Pharm Res 2000;23:461-6.
- Yu Z, Zhang G, Zhao H. [Effects of Puerariae isoflavone on blood viscosity, thrombosis and platelet function]. Zhong Yao Cai 1997;20:468-9.
- Hsu FL, Liu IM, Kuo DH, et al. Antihyperglycemic effect of puerarin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Nat Prod 2003;66:788-92. PubMed
- Chiang HM, Fang SH, Wen KC, et al. Life-threatening interaction between the root extract of Pueraria lobata and methotrexate in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005;209:263-8.
- Zheng, J., Chen, B., Jiang, B., Zeng, L., Tang, Z. R., Fan, L., and Zhou, H. H. The effects of puerarin on CYP2D6 and CYP1A2 activities in vivo. Arch Pharm Res 2010;33(2):243-246. PubMed
- Hsu, H. H., Chang, C. K., Su, H. C., Liu, I. M., and Cheng, J. T. Stimulatory effect of puerarin on alpha1A-adrenoceptor to increase glucose uptake into cultured C2C12 cells of mice. Planta Med 2002;68(11):999-1003.
- Zheng, G., Zhang, X., Zheng, J., Meng, Q., and Zheng, D. [Estrogen-like effects of puerarin and total isoflavones from Pueraria lobata]. Zhong.Yao Cai. 2002;25(8):566-568.
- Qi, B. L. and Qi, B. M. [Effect of the purariae-isofiavones on estrogen level in normal and ovariectomized rats]. Zhongguo Zhong.Yao Za Zhi. 2002;27(11):850-852.
- Akita, H., Sowa, J., Makiura, M., Akamatsu, H., and Matsunaga, K. Maculopapular drug eruption due to the Japanese herbal medicine Kakkonto (kudzu or arrowroot decoction). Contact Dermatitis 2003;48(6):348-349. PubMed
- Manonai, J., Chittacharoen, A., Theppisai, U., and Theppisai, H. Effect of Pueraria mirifica on vaginal health. Menopause. 2007;14(5):919-924. PubMed
- Chandeying, V. and Sangthawan, M. Efficacy comparison of Pueraria mirifica (PM) against conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) with/without medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in the treatment of climacteric symptoms in perimenopausal women: phase III study. J M
- Virojchaiwong, P., Suvithayasiri, V., and Itharat, A. Comparison of Pueraria mirifica 25 and 50 mg for menopausal symptoms. Arch.Gynecol.Obstet. 2011;284(2):411-419. PubMed
- Hou, Q., Ao, X., Li, G., and Zhang, Y. [Puerarin combined with avandia for diabetic nephropathy]. Zhong.Nan.Da.Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2012;37(1):73-77.
- Kim HJ, Kim H, Ahn JH, Suk JH. Liver injury induced by herbal extracts containing mistletoe and kudzu. J Altern Complement Med 2015;21(3):180-5. PubMed
- Santosh N, Mohan K, Royana S, Yamini TB. Hepatotoxicity of tubers of Indian Kudzu (Pueraria tuberosa) in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Apr;48(4):1066-71. PubMed
- Teschke R, Zhang L, Long H, Schwarzenboeck A, Schmidt-Taenzer W, Genthner A, Wolff A, Frenzel C, Schulze J, Eickhoff A. Traditional Chinese Medicine and herbal hepatotoxicity: a tabular compilation of reported cases. Ann Hepatol. 2015 Jan-Feb;14(1):7-19. DOI
- Wang D, Qiu L, Wu X, Wei H, Xu F. Evaluation of kudzu root extract-induced hepatotoxicity. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Dec 24;176:321-6. PubMed
- Warinsiriruk P, Tantitham C, Cherdshewasart W, Shobeiri SA, Manonai J. Effects of Pueraria mirifica on vaginal artery vascularization in postmenopausal women with genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Maturitas 2022;160:4-10. PubMed
Echinacea 51 references
- Mullins RJ. Echinacea-associated anaphylaxis. Med J Aust 1998;168:170-1. PubMed
- Mullins RJ. Allergic reactions to Echinacea. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;104:S340-341 (Abstract 1003).
- Chavez ML, Chavez PI. Echinacea. Hosp Pharm 1998;33:180-8.
- Grimm W, Muller HH. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of fluid extract of Echinacea purpurea on the incidence and severity of colds and respiratory infections. Am J Med 1999;106:138-43. PubMed
- Taylor JA, Weber W, Standish L, et al. Efficacy and safety of echinacea in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2824-30.. PubMed
- Luettig B, Steinmuller C, Gifford GE, et al. Macrophage activation by the polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:669-75. PubMed
- Stimpel M, Proksch A, Wagner H, et al. Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea. Infect Immun 1984;46:845-9. PubMed
- Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT. An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine 2000;7:273-82. PubMed
- Gallo M, Sarkar M, Au W, et al. Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to echinacea: A prospective controlled study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:3141-3. PubMed
- Soon SL, Crawford RI. Recurrent erythema nodosum associated with echinacea herbal therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:298-9. PubMed
- Mullins RJ, Heddle R. Adverse reactions associated with echinacea: the Australian experience. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002;88:42-51. PubMed
- Logan JL, Ahmed J. Critical hypokalemic renal tubular acidosis due to Sjogren's syndrome: association with the purported immune stimulant echinacea. Clin Rheumatol 2003;22:158-9.
- Schulten B, Bulitta M, Ballering-Bruhl B, et al. Efficacy of Echinacea purpurea in patients with a common cold. A placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind clinical trial. Arzneimittelforschung 2001;51:563-8.. PubMed
- Yale SH, Glurich I. Analysis of the inhibitory potential of Ginkgo biloba, Echinacea purpurea, and Serenoa repens on the metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11:433-9.
- Yale SH, Liu K. Echinacea purpurea therapy for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:1237-41. PubMed
- Gorski JC, Huang S, Zaheer NA, et al. The effect of echinacea (Echinacea purpurea root) on cytochrome P450 activity in vivo.Clin Pharmacol Ther 2003;73 (Abstract PDII-A-8):P94. PubMed
- Lee AN, Werth VP. Activation of autoimmunity following use of immunostimulatory herbal supplements. Arch Dermatol 2004;140:723-7. PubMed
- Goel V, Lovlin R, Barton R, et al. Efficacy of a standardized echinacea preparation (Echinilin) for the treatment of the common cold: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2004;29:75-83.
- Barrett B. Medicinal properties of Echinacea: a critical review. Phytomedicine 2003;10:66-86. PubMed
- Huntley AL, Thompson Coon J, Ernst E. The safety of herbal medicinal products derived from Echinacea species: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2005;28:387-400. PubMed
- Turner RB, Bauer R, Woelkart K, et al. An evaluation of Echinacea angustifolia in experimental rhinovirus infections. N Engl J Med 2005;353:341-8.
- Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al. In vivo assessment of botanical supplementation on human cytochrome P450 phenotypes: Citrus aurantium, Echinacea purpurea, milk thistle, and saw palmetto. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;76:428-40. .
- Perri D, Dugoua JJ, Mills E, Koren G. Safety and efficacy of echinacea (Echinacea augustafolia, e. purpurea and e. pallida) during pregnancy and lactation. Can J Clin Pharmacol 2006;13:e262-7.
- Kocaman O, Hulagu S, Senturk O. Echinacea-induced severe acute hepatitis with features of cholestatic autoimmune hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2008;19:148. PubMed
- Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D. et al. Echinacea for treating the common cold: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2010;153:769-77. PubMed
- Press Release: Echinacea herbal products should not be used in children under 12 years old. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (UK). August 20, 2012. Available at: www.mhra.gov.uk/NewsCentre/Pressreleases/CON180627. (Accessed 21 October
- Barrett B, Brown R, Rakel D, Rabago D, et al. Placebo effects and the common cold: a randomized controlled trial. Ann.Fam.Med 2011;9:312-22. PubMed
- Haller J, Freund, TF, Pelczer, KG, et al. The anxiolytic potential and psychotropic side effects of an echinacea preparation in laboratory animals and healthy volunteers. Phytother.Res. 2013;27:54-61.
- Grbic J, Wexler I, Celenti R, et al. A phase II trial of a transmucosal herbal patch for the treatment of gingivitis. J Am Dent.Assoc. 2011;142:1168-75. PubMed
- Schapowal A, Berger D, Klein P, et al. Echinacea/sage or chlorhexidine/lidocaine for treating acute sore throats: a randomized double-blind trial. Eur.J Med Res 9-1-2009;14:406-12. PubMed
- Bossaer JB and Odle BL. Probable etoposide interaction with Echinacea. J.Diet.Suppl 2012;9:90-5.
- Abdul MI, Jiang X, Williams KM, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of echinacea and policosanol with warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin.Pharmacol. 2010;69:508-15. PubMed
- Kemp, D. E. and Franco, K. N. Possible leukopenia associated with long-term use of echinacea. J Am Board Fam.Pract. 2002;15(5):417-419.
- Liatsos, G., Elefsiniotis, I., Todorova, R., and Moulakakis, A. Severe thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) induced or exacerbated by the immunostimulatory herb Echinacea. Am J Hematol. 2006;81(3):224.
- Penzak, S. R., Robertson, S. M., Hunt, J. D., Chairez, C., Malati, C. Y., Alfaro, R. M., Stevenson, J. M., and Kovacs, J. A. Echinacea purpurea significantly induces cytochrome P450 3A activity but does not alter lopinavir-ritonavir exposure in healthy s
- Maskatia, Z. K. and Baker, K. Hypereosinophilia associated with echinacea use. South.Med J 2010;103(11):1173-1174. PubMed
- Parnham MJ. Benefit-risk assessment of the squeezed sap of the purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) for long-term oral immunostimulation. Phytomed 1996;3:95-102. PubMed
- Schroder-Aasen T, Molden G, Nilsen OG. In vitro inhibition of CYP3A4 by the multiherbal commercial product Sambucus Force and its main constituents Echinacea purpurea and Sambucus nigra. Phytother Res 2012;26(11):1606-13.
- Moltó J, Valle M, Miranda C, et al. Herb-drug interaction between Echinacea purpurea and darunavir-ritonavir in HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55(1):326-30.
- Goey AK, Meijerman I, Rosing H, et al. The effect of Echinacea purpurea on the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2013;76(3):467-74.
- Moltó J, Valle M, Miranda C, et al. Herb-drug interaction between Echinacea purpurea and etravirine in HIV-infected patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012;56(10):5328-31. PubMed
- Lawrenson JA, Walls T, Day AS. Echinacea-induced acute liver failure in a child. J Paediatr Child Health 2014;50(10):841.
- Hansen TS, Nilsen OG. In vitro CYP3A4 metabolism: inhibition by Echinacea purpurea and choice of substrate for the evaluation of herbal inhibition. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008;103:445-9.
- Gabranis I, Koufakis T1, Papakrivos I, Batala S. Echinacea-associated acute cholestatic hepatitis. J Postgrad Med. 2015;61(3):211-2. PubMed
- Jalloh MA, Gregory PJ, Hein D, et al. Dietary supplement interactions with antiretrovirals: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2017 Jan;28(1):4-15. PubMed
- Karsch-Völk M, Barrett B, Kiefer D, Bauer R, Ardjomand-Woelkart K, Linde K. Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2014;(2):CD000530. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub3. PubMed
- Hoban CL, Byard RW, Musgrave IF. Analysis of spontaneous adverse drug reactions to echinacea, valerian, black cohosh and ginkgo in Australia from 2000 to 2015. J Integr Med. 2019;17(5):338-343. PubMed
- Ogal M, Johnston SL, Klein P, Schoop R. Echinacea reduces antibiotic usage in children through respiratory tract infection prevention: a randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial. Eur J Med Res. 2021 Apr 8;26(1):33. PubMed
- Lopresti AL, Smith SJ. An investigation into the anxiety-relieving and mood-enhancing effects of Echinacea angustifolia (EP107 ™): A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Affect Disord 2021;293:229-237.
- Weishaupt R, Buchkov A, Kolev E, Klein P, Schoop R. Reduction of viral load in patients with acute sore throats: Results from an observational clinical trial with Echinacea / Salvia lozenges [published online ahead of print, 2023 Mar 8]. Complement Med Re
- Sumer J, Keckeis K, Scanferla G, et al. Novel Echinacea formulations for the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections in adults-A randomized blinded controlled trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023;10:948787. PubMed
Eyebright 4 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- Wichtl MW. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Ed. N.M. Bisset. Stuttgart: Medpharm GmbH Scientific Publishers, 1994.
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- Porchezhian, E., Ansari, S. H., and Shreedharan, N. K. Antihyperglycemic activity of Euphrasia officinale leaves. Fitoterapia 2000;71(5):522-526. PubMed
Horseradish 6 references
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
- Panter, K. E. and James, L. F. Natural plant toxicants in milk: a review. J Anim Sci 1990;68(3):892-904. PubMed
- Lehmann CU, Puckett AL, Betz BO. 56-year-old man - increased heart rate - weakness - intense sweating - horseradish consumption - Dx?. J Fam Pract 2022;71(7):317-321. PubMed
Bayberry 3 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
Stone Root 1 reference
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
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