Digestive Bitters Citrus Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Digestive Bitters Citrus against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Digestive Bitters Citrus is a dietary supplement by Urban Moonshine with 8 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for nausea and vomiting, motion sickness, morning sickness in pregnancy.Based on those ingredients, 1,184 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are organic Ginger, organic Fennel, organic Dandelion. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Digestive Bitters Citrus by Urban Moonshine
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Digestive Bitters Citrus by Urban Moonshine — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
Ask the Pharmacist
A licensed pharmacist will answer your question by email — free, usually within 24 hours.
Got it — thank you!
A licensed pharmacist will answer within 24 hours. Keep an eye on your email (worth checking spam, just in case).
HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Digestive Bitters Citrus by Urban Moonshine
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Low disclosure
This product contains 8 ingredients total, including 6 herbal actives: organic ginger, organic burdock, organic fennel, organic dandelion, organic yellow dock, and organic gentian. It also includes a proprietary herbal extract blend (the other components are listed separately).
The inactive ingredients are water, organic alcohol, gum arabic, and essential oils.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
The evidence for this product's active ingredients is mixed. Ginger is possibly effective for pregnancy-related nausea, period pain (dysmenorrhea), and osteoarthritis, but possibly ineffective for muscle soreness after exercise and chemotherapy-induced nausea.
For the other herbs—burdock, fennel, dandelion, yellow dock, and gentian—we hold insufficient reliable evidence to establish their effectiveness for the conditions they're traditionally used for.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Ginger is generally well tolerated in typical food and supplement amounts for most healthy adults. However, doses of 5 grams or more per day raise the risk of side effects.
Common mild effects include abdominal discomfort, burping, diarrhea, heartburn, and a peppery irritation in the mouth and throat. Yellow dock acts as a laxative and contains oxalates; use it short-term and with care—raw leaves or rhizomes can cause serious effects including kidney stones and low calcium.
Burdock is generally well tolerated as food, though serious allergic reactions (including anaphylaxis) are rare. Fennel, dandelion, and gentian are generally well tolerated in small amounts but are less well studied at higher doses.
For pregnancy and breastfeeding: ginger is rated likely or possibly safe, but check with your doctor first and keep amounts moderate. Fennel, burdock, yellow dock, and dandelion carry cautions or avoidance recommendations in pregnancy or lactation due to limited safety data.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking this product, check with your own doctor or pharmacist if you take: diuretics (water pills) or digoxin for your heart, any blood thinners or blood-thinning drugs, diabetes medications, antihypertensive drugs (blood pressure medicine), birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy, ciprofloxacin or other quinolone antibiotics, potassium-sparing diuretics, lithium, or certain cancer drugs (CYP3A4 substrates). Yellow dock poses Major-severity risks with diuretics and digoxin; all others are Moderate severity.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with some supporting evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This is a traditional bitters blend with some evidence supporting ginger for nausea and period pain, but several of its herbs interact with common medications—especially blood thinners, diabetes drugs, heart medications, and birth control. If you take any prescription medications, blood pressure drugs, or a diuretic, check your exact drugs against the search tool before starting.
Talk it over with your own doctor or pharmacist, especially if you're pregnant, nursing, or take digoxin or a diuretic.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 6 of 8 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 25, 2015.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Digestive Bitters Citrus, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Urban Moonshine |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 851588002043 |
| Net contents | 8.4 fl. Oz.; 250 mL |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Sep 25, 2015 |
| DSLD ID | 50594 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Liquid |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Organic, Gluten Free |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Digestive Bitters Citrus by Urban Moonshine, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Calories | 0 {Calories} | -- |
| organic Ginger | 0 NP | -- |
| Proprietary Herbal Extract Blend (Herb/Botanical) | 1.2 mL | -- |
| organic Orange | 0 NP | -- |
| organic Burdock | 0 NP | -- |
| organic Fennel | 0 NP | -- |
| organic Dandelion | 0 NP | -- |
| organic Yellow Dock | 0 NP | -- |
| organic Angelica | 0 NP | -- |
| organic Gentian | 0 NP | -- |
Other ingredients: Water, organic Alcohol, org. Gum Arabic, Essential Oils
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formulation
Gluten Free.
Vermont Organic Farmers Certified
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Formula
30%-35% Alcohol
General Statements
Urban Moonshine is a Vermont herbal company specializing in organic bitters and herbal tonics. We created Urban Moonshine Digestive Bitters because we believe the root of good health is great digestion. Urban Moonshine Bitters are used to optimize digestive function and relieve gas, bloating, and upset stomach; occasional nausea and heartburn; as well as to support liver function and healthy skin. Our Bitters are formulated from exceptional blends of Vermont herbs and roots, complemented by a few worldly exotics- a delicious, quality medicinal. To your health and well-being! -Jovial King
Herbal Apothecary
Handcrafted Digestif
Natural sediment occurs in this product. For recipes, herbal blog and press, visit: www.urbanmoonshine.com
Seals/Symbols
USDA ORGANIC
FDA Statement of Identity
Herbal Supplement
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Shake well before using.
Suggested Use: To optimize digestive function, enjoy 1/4 tsp (a few dashes) of our Bitters before or after meals, up to 6 times a day, and salute your health.
Brand IP Statement(s)
Not a significant source of calories from fat, carbohydrates, or protein.
Precautions
Not to be used during pregnancy.
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Digestive Bitters Citrus by Urban Moonshine label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Digestive Bitters Citrus by Urban Moonshine
These are the 8 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size0.25 tsp Dosage formLiquid Servings per container200 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Proprietary Herbal Extract Blend (Herb/Botanical)
- › Organic Ginger
- › Organic Orange
- › Organic Burdock
- › Organic Fennel
- › Organic Dandelion
- › Organic Yellow Dock
- › Organic Angelica
- › Organic Gentian
Other (inactive) ingredients: Water, Organic Alcohol, Org. Gum Arabic, Essential Oils. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Digestive Bitters Citrus by Urban Moonshine Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Urban Moonshine's Digestive Bitters Citrus contains several herbs with documented interactions: ginger, burdock, fennel, dandelion, yellow dock, and gentian.
The most serious concern is yellow dock's Major-severity interaction with diuretics (water pills) and digoxin (a heart medication), both of which carry a risk of dangerously low potassium levels or digoxin toxicity when yellow dock is used long-term or in large amounts.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Ginger, burdock, fennel, and dandelion all interact with blood thinners (anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs) at Moderate severity, raising the risk of bleeding. Ginger and dandelion also interact with diabetes medications, potentially lowering blood sugar too much.
Ginger may increase the effects of nifedipine or affect how your body clears certain cancer drugs and other medications that depend on specific liver enzymes (CYP3A4 substrates) or drug transporters (P-glycoprotein substrates). Fennel theoretically may reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy, and may lower ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) levels by roughly half.
Dandelion can interact with potassium-sparing diuretics, lithium, and some antibiotics; gentian may lower blood pressure if combined with antihypertensive drugs.
We could not check organic orange or organic angelica — no data is on file for these ingredients. Altogether, these interactions span 1,185 individual medications.
Use the search tool on this page to look up your exact prescriptions before you start.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Digestive Bitters Citrus?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Digestive Bitters Citrus interact with 1,184 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
6 of the 8 ingredients in Digestive Bitters Citrus interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. organic Ginger organic Fennel organic Dandelion organic Gentian organic Burdock organic Yellow Dock
Acetaminophen, Caffeine, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength Menstrual
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionOrganic GingerCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Read the full Organic Ginger + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionOrganic DandelionCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Glucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Organic Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionOrganic FennelCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Organic Fennel + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Pyrilamine interactionAcetaminophen, Pamabrom, PyrilamineMidol Max Strength PMS, Pamprin, Pamprin ES
How Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionOrganic DandelionGlucuronidated Drugs, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Organic Dandelion + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionOrganic GingerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Organic Ginger + Acetaminophen, Pamabrom, Pyrilamine interactionAcetazolamideAk-Zol, Diamox
How Acetazolamide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Acetazolamide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Acetazolamide interactionAmiloride, HydrochlorothiazideAmil-Co, Amilzide, Moduret 25, Moduretic
How Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionOrganic DandelionPotassium-sparing Diuretics Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Read the full Organic Dandelion + Amiloride, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionAmmonium ChlorideAmmonium Chloride
How Ammonium Chloride interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Ammonium Chloride interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Ammonium Chloride interactionAtenolol, ChlortalidoneAtenixCo, Tenoret 50, Totaretic
How Atenolol, Chlortalidone interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Atenolol, Chlortalidone interactionAtenolol, ChlorthalidoneTenoretic
How Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Atenolol, Chlorthalidone interactionAzilsartan, ChlorthalidoneEdarbyclor
How Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionOrganic GingerCytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
Read the full Organic Ginger + Azilsartan, Chlorthalidone interactionBenazepril, HydrochlorothiazideLotensin HCT
How Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Benazepril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBendroflumethiazideAprinox, Naturetin, Neo-NaClex
How Bendroflumethiazide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Bendroflumethiazide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Bendroflumethiazide interactionBendroflumethiazide, NadololCorzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Bendroflumethiazide, Nadolol interactionBendroflumethiazide, PotassiumCentyl K, Neo-NaClex-K
How Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interactionOrganic DandelionPotassium-sparing Diuretics Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Read the full Organic Dandelion + Bendroflumethiazide, Potassium interactionBendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia SerpentinaRauzide
How Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Bendroflumethiazide, Rauwolfia Serpentina interactionBenzthiazideExna
How Benzthiazide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Benzthiazide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Benzthiazide interactionBisoprolol, HydrochlorothiazideZiac
How Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Bisoprolol, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionBumetanideBurinex
How Bumetanide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Bumetanide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Bumetanide interactionBumetanide, PotassiumBurinex K
How Bumetanide, Potassium interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Bumetanide, Potassium interactionOrganic DandelionPotassium-sparing Diuretics Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Read the full Organic Dandelion + Bumetanide, Potassium interactionCaffeine, Potassium Salicylate, SalicylamideTrim-Elim
How Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionOrganic FennelCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Organic Fennel + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionOrganic GingerCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Organic Ginger + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionOrganic DandelionCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Read the full Organic Dandelion + Caffeine, Potassium Salicylate, Salicylamide interactionCandesartan Cilexetil, HydrochlorothiazideAtacand HCT
How Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Candesartan Cilexetil, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionCaptopril, HydrochlorothiazideAcezide, Capozide
How Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Captopril, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionChlorothiazideDiuril
How Chlorothiazide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Chlorothiazide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Chlorothiazide interactionChlorothiazide, MethyldopaAldochlor, Aldoclor 150, Aldoclor 250
How Chlorothiazide, Methyldopa interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Chlorothiazide, Methyldopa interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Chlorothiazide, Methyldopa interactionChlorothiazide, ReserpineDiupres
How Chlorothiazide, Reserpine interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Chlorothiazide, Reserpine interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Chlorothiazide, Reserpine interactionChlorthalidoneHygroton, Thalitone
How Chlorthalidone interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Chlorthalidone interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Chlorthalidone interactionChlorthalidone, ClonidineClorpres, Combipres
How Chlorthalidone, Clonidine interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Chlorthalidone, Clonidine interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Chlorthalidone, Clonidine interactionCryptenamine, MethyclothiazideDiutensen
How Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Cryptenamine, Methyclothiazide interactionCyclothiazideAnhydron, Fluidil
How Cyclothiazide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Cyclothiazide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Cyclothiazide interactionDeserpidine, HydrochlorothiazideOreticyl, Oreticyl Forte
How Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Deserpidine, Hydrochlorothiazide interactionDeserpidine, MethyclothiazideEnduronyl, Enduronyl Forte
How Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDiuretic Drugs Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interactionOrganic GentianAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
Read the full Organic Gentian + Deserpidine, Methyclothiazide interactionDigoxinDigitek, Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin
How Digoxin interacts with Digestive Bitters Citrus — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Organic Yellow DockDigoxin (lanoxin) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of digoxin toxicity when used long-term or in large amount.
Read the full Organic Yellow Dock + Digoxin interactionOrganic DandelionGlucuronidated Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
Read the full Organic Dandelion + Digoxin interactionOrganic GingerP-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Ginger might increase the absorption and blood levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
Read the full Organic Ginger + Digoxin interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Digestive Bitters Citrus with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
organic Ginger
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, research is conflicting.
Laboratory research suggests that ginger inhibits thromboxane synthetase and decreases platelet aggregation. However, this has not been demonstrated unequivocally in humans, with mixed results from clinical trials. Theoretically, excessive amounts of ginger might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, taking ginger with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal and human research suggests that ginger might increase insulin levels and/or decrease blood glucose levels.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research and some case reports suggest that ginger inhibits CYP3A4 activity. Three case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking ginger and cancer medications that are CYP3A4 substrates (imatinib, dabrafenib, and crizotinib). However, the causality of this interaction is unclear due to the presence of multiple interacting drugs and routes of administration.
Conversely, other in vitro research suggests that ginger induces CYP3A4 activity, leading to reduced levels of CYP3A4 substrates. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Losartan (Cozaar)
Theoretically, ginger might increase levels of losartan and the risk of hypotension.
In animal research, ginger increased the levels and hypotensive effects of a single dose of losartan. It is not clear if ginger alters the concentration or effects of losartan when taken continuously. Additionally, this interaction has not been shown in humans.
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and increase the risk of bleeding if used with nifedipine.
Clinical research shows that combined treatment with ginger 1 gram plus nifedipine 10 mg significantly inhibits platelet aggregation when compared to nifedipine or ginger alone.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Ginger might increase the absorption and blood levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
In vitro research and case reports suggest that ginger inhibits drug efflux by P-gp, potentially increasing absorption and serum levels of P-gp substrates. Two case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking ginger and cancer medications that are P-gp substrates (trametinib, crizotinib). However, the causality of this interaction is unclear due to the presence of multiple interacting drugs and routes of administration.
Phenprocoumon (Marcoumar, Others)
Ginger might increase the risk of bleeding with phenprocoumon.
Phenprocoumon, a warfarin-related anticoagulant, might increase the international normalized ratio (INR) when taken with ginger. There is one case report of a 76-year-old woman with a stable INR on phenprocoumon that increased to greater than 10 when she began consuming dried ginger and ginger tea.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Ginger might increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Laboratory research suggests that ginger might inhibit thromboxane synthetase and decrease platelet aggregation. In one case report, ginger increased the INR when taken with phenprocoumon, which has similar pharmacological effects as warfarin. In another case report, ginger increased the INR when taken with a combination of warfarin, hydrochlorothiazide, and acetaminophen. A longitudinal analysis suggests that taking ginger increases the risk of bleeding in patients taking warfarin for at least 4 months. However, research in healthy people suggests that ginger has no effect on INR, or the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin. Until more is known, monitor INRs closely in patients taking large amounts of ginger.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Theoretically, taking ginger with calcium channel blockers might increase the risk of hypotension.
Some animal and in vitro research suggests that ginger has hypotensive and calcium channel-blocking effects. Another animal study shows that concomitant administration of ginger and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine leads to greater reductions in blood pressure when compared with amlodipine alone.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Theoretically, when taken prior to cyclosporine, ginger might decrease cyclosporine levels.
In an animal model, ginger juice taken 2 hours prior to cyclosporine administration reduced the maximum concentration and area under the curve of cyclosporine by 51% and 40%, respectively. This effect was not observed when ginger juice and cyclosporine were administered at the same time.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP1A2 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2B6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP2B6 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP2C9 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Theoretically, ginger might increase levels of metronidazole.
In an animal model, ginger increased the absorption and plasma half-life of metronidazole. In addition, the elimination rate and clearance of metronidazole was significantly reduced.
organic Fennel
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.
Animal research suggests that fennel oil has antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Theoretically, fennel might decrease the levels and clinical effects of ciprofloxacin.
Animal research shows that fennel reduces ciprofloxacin bioavailability by nearly 50%, possibly due to the metal cations such as calcium, iron, and magnesium contained in fennel. This study also found that fennel increased tissue distribution and slowed elimination of ciprofloxacin.
Contraceptive Drugs
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the effects of contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.
Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research suggests that fennel inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.
Estrogens
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.
Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen.
Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity, which may interfere with the antiestrogenic activity of tamoxifen.
organic Dandelion
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, taking dandelion root along with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bruising and bleeding.
In vitro research suggests that dandelion root inhibits platelet aggregation.
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk for hypoglycemia when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that dandelion extract may have moderate alpha-glucosidase inhibitor activity and might also increase insulin secretion. Also, in a case report, a 58-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who was being treated with insulin developed hypoglycemia 2 weeks after beginning to eat salads containing dandelion.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, dandelion might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
Laboratory research suggests that dandelion might inhibit CYP1A2. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans. However, until more is known, watch for an increase in the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2 in patients taking dandelion.
Glucuronidated Drugs
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the clearance of drugs that are UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates.
There is some preliminary evidence that dandelion might induce UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, a phase II enzyme.
Lithium
Theoretically, through diuretic effects, dandelion might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Animal research suggests that dandelion has diuretic properties. As diuretics can increase serum lithium levels, the dose of lithium might need to be decreased when taken with dandelion.
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
Theoretically, dandelion might increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with potassium-sparing diuretics.
Dandelion contains significant amounts of potassium.
Quinolone Antibiotics
Theoretically, dandelion might lower fluoroquinolone levels.
Animal research shows that dandelion reduces absorption of ciprofloxacin and can lower levels by 73%. However, this effect has not been reported in humans.
organic Gentian
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, taking gentian with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
In vitro research shows that gentian can cause vasodilation and lower blood pressure.
organic Burdock
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, taking burdock with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs might increase the risk of bleeding.
In vitro research shows that lignans from burdock reduce rabbit platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet activating factor. This interaction has not been reported in humans.
organic Yellow Dock
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of digoxin toxicity when used long-term or in large amount.
When yellow dock is used chronically or in large amounts, hypokalemia may occur. This might increase the toxic effects of digoxin.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, yellow dock might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretics.
When yellow dock is used chronically or in large amounts, hypokalemia may occur, and overuse of yellow dock might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, the laxative effects of yellow dock might increase the effects of warfarin, including the risk of bleeding.
The anthraquinones in yellow dock have a mild stimulant laxative effect. Consuming excessive amounts can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Digestive Bitters Citrus, from the product label.
Urban Moonshine
See all Urban Moonshine products- Name
- Urban Moonshine
- Street Address
- 255 S. Champlain St.
- City
- Burlington
- State
- VT
- ZipCode
- 05401
- Phone Number
- 802-428-4707
- Web Address
- urbanmoonshine.com
Digestive Bitters Citrus by Urban Moonshine: Common Questions
Does Digestive Bitters Citrus by Urban Moonshine interact with any medications?
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Where does this information come from?
Is ginger in this product safe for morning sickness?
Will this help my digestion?
What are the most common side effects of ginger in this blend?
Can I use this while breastfeeding?
Does this product contain any fillers?
Why does the product interact with so many medications?
Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Digestive Bitters Citrus is safe with your meds?
Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.
Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Digestive Bitters Citrus’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Ginger
Interacts with 1,007 drugsGinger is a widely used culinary spice with a long history in traditional medicine, and it has the strongest evidence for helping with nausea and vomiting, including from motion sickness, pr...
Read the full Ginger monograph → Herb & supplement monographBurdock
Interacts with 122 drugsBurdock is a traditional herb most often used for skin problems and as a so-called 'blood purifier,' but high-quality human studies are lacking and most claims are not well proven. It is wid...
Read the full Burdock monograph → Herb & supplement monographFennel
Interacts with 740 drugsFennel is a Mediterranean herb widely used as a food and spice, and traditionally taken for digestive complaints, colic, and menstrual cramps. Some small studies suggest possible benefit for...
Read the full Fennel monograph → Herb & supplement monographDandelion
Interacts with 457 drugsDandelion is a common plant used in food and traditional medicine, often promoted as a natural 'water pill' and digestive aid. Human evidence for these uses is very limited, so its benefits...
Read the full Dandelion monograph → Herb & supplement monographYellow Dock
Interacts with 78 drugsYellow dock is a traditional herb used mostly as a mild laxative and a digestive and skin tonic. Good-quality human studies are lacking, so its benefits are largely unproven, and its natural...
Read the full Yellow Dock monograph → Herb & supplement monographGentian
Interacts with 172 drugsGentian is a very bitter root traditionally used to stimulate appetite and ease mild digestive complaints, often as part of "bitters" before meals. The evidence is mostly traditional and pre...
Read the full Gentian monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Digestive Bitters Citrus's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 132 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Ginger 64 references
- Fischer-Rasmussen W, Kjaer SK, Dahl C, Asping U. Ginger treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;38:19-24. PubMed
- Jewell D, Young G. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000145. PubMed
- Vutyavanich T, Kraisarin T, Ruangsri R. Ginger for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:577-82. DOI
- Backon J. Ginger in preventing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; a caveat due to its thromboxane synthetase activity and effect on testosterone binding. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;42:163-4. PubMed
- Srivastava KC. Effect of onion and ginger consumption on platelet thromboxane production in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1989;35:183-5. PubMed
- Stewart JJ, Wood MJ, Wood CD, Mims ME. Effects of ginger on motion sickness susceptibility and gastric function. Pharmacology 1991;42:111-20. PubMed
- Smith C, Crowther C, Willson K, et al. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:639-45. PubMed
- Portnoi G, Chng LA, Karimi-Tabesh L, et al. Prospective comparative study of the safety and effectiveness of ginger for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:1374-7.. PubMed
- Wigler I, Grotto I, Caspi D, Yaron M. The effects of Zintona EC (a ginger extract) on symptomatic gonarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003;11:783-9. PubMed
- Ghayur MN, Gilani AH. Ginger lowers blood pressure through blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channels. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2005;45:74-80. PubMed
- Thomson M, Al-Qattan KK, Al-Sawan SM, et al. The use of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) as a potential anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic agent. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002;67:475-8. PubMed
- Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62. PubMed
- Akhani SP, Vishwakarma SL, Goyal RK. Anti-diabetic activity of Zingiber officinale in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004;56:101-5.
- Kruth P, Brosi E, Fux R, et al. Ginger-associated overanticoagulation by phenprocoumon. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:257-60. PubMed
- Jiang X, Williams KM, Liauw WS, et al. Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005;59:425-32. PubMed
- Borrelli F, Capasso R, Aviello G, et al. Effectiveness and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:849-56. PubMed
- Smith C, Crowther C, Wilson K et al. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:639-45. PubMed
- Jiang X, Blair EY, McLachlan AJ. Investigation of the effects of herbal medicines on warfarin response in healthy subjects: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling approach. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:1370-8. PubMed
- Chittumma P, Kaewkiattikun K, Wiriyasiriwach B. Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:15-20.
- Ozgoli G, Goli M, Moattar F. Comparison of effects of ginger, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen on pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea. J Altern Complement Med 2009;15:129-32. PubMed
- Black CD, Herring MP, Hurley DJ, O'Connor PJ. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces muscle pain caused by eccentric exercise. J Pain 2010;11:894-903. PubMed
- Heitmann K, Nordeng H, Holst L. Safety of ginger use in pregnancy: results from a large population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012 Jun 17. PubMed
- Ryan JL, Heckler CE, Roscoe JA, et al. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces acute chemotherapy-induced nausea: a URCC CCOP study of 576 patients. Support Care Cancer. 2012;20:1479-89. PubMed
- Backon J. Ginger as an antiemetic: possible side effects due to its thromboxane synthetase activity. Anaesthesia. 1991;46(8):705-6.. PubMed
- Abebe W. Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2002;27:391-401. PubMed
- Argento A, Tiraferri E, Marzaloni M. [Oral anticoagulants and medicinal plants. An emerging interaction]. Ann Ital Med Int. 2000;15:139-43.
- Young HY, Liao JC, Chang YS, et al. Synergistic effect of ginger and nifedipine on human platelet aggregation: a study in hypertensive patients and normal volunteers. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34:545-51. PubMed
- Greenway FL, Liu Z, Martin CK, et al. Safety and efficacy of NT, an herbal supplement, in treating human obesity. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30:1737-41. PubMed
- Shalansky S, Lynd L, Richardson K, et al. Risk of warfarin-related bleeding events and supratherapeutic international normalized ratios associated with complementary and alternative medicine: a longitudinal analysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27:1237-47. PubMed
- Lesho EP, Saullo L, Udvari-Nagy S. A 76-year-old woman with erratic anticoagulation. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71:651-6. PubMed
- Okonta JM, Uboh M, Obonga WO. Herb-Drug Interaction: A Case Study of Effect of Ginger on the Pharmacokinetic of Metronidazole in Rabbit. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (India) 2008;70(230):232. PubMed
- Chiang HM, Chao PD, Hsiu SL, et al. Ginger significantly decreased the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine in rats. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34:845-55. PubMed
- Bhandari U, Kanojia R, Pillai KK. Effect of ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale on dyslipidaemia in diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;97:227-30. PubMed
- Ojewole JA. Analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) rhizomes (Zingiberaceae) in mice and rats. Phytother Res. 2006;20:764-72.
- Al-Amin ZM, Thomson M, Al-Qattan KK, et al. Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Br J Nutr. 2006;96:660-6.
- Islam MS, Choi H. Comparative effects of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic (Allium sativum) investigated in a type 2 diabetes model of rats. J Med Food. 2008;11:152-9.
- Cady RK, Goldstein J, Nett R, et al. A double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study of sublingual feverfew and ginger (LipiGesic M) in the treatment of migraine. Headache 2011;51:1078-86.
- Futrell, J. M. and Rietschel, R. L. Spice allergy evaluated by results of patch tests. Cutis 1993;52(5):288-290.
- Sripramote, M. and Lekhyananda, N. A randomized comparison of ginger and vitamin B6 in the treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. J Med Assoc.Thai. 2003;86(9):846-853.
- Lohsiriwat, S., Rukkiat, M., Chaikomin, R., and Leelakusolvong, S. Effect of ginger on lower esophageal sphincter pressure. J.Med.Assoc.Thai. 2010;93(3):366-372.
- Liu, P. H. and Ho, H. L. Ginger and drug bezoar induced small bowel obstruction. J R.Coll.Surg.Edinb. 1983;28(6):397-398.
- Maghbooli M, Golipour F, Moghimi Esfandabadi A, Yousefi M. Comparison between the efficacy of ginger and sumatriptan in the ablative treatment of the common migraine. Phytother Res 2014;28(3):412-5. PubMed
- Mahluji S, Attari VE, Mobasseri M, Payahoo L, Ostadrahimi A, Golzari SE. Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on plasma glucose level, HbA1c and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013;64(6):682-6.
- Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Talaei B, Jalali BA, Najarzadeh A, Mozayan MR. The effect of ginger powder supplementation on insulin resistance and glycemic indices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Complement PubMed
- Paramdeep G. Efficacy and tolerability of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in patients of osteoarthritis of knee. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2013;57(2):177-83.
- Rahnama P, Montazeri A, Huseini HF, Kianbakht S, Naseri M. Effect of Zingiber officinale R. rhizomes (ginger) on pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo randomized trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012;12:92. PubMed
- Viljoen E, Visser J, Koen N, Musekiwa A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-associated nausea and vomiting. Nutr J 2014;13:20. PubMed
- Bartels EM, Folmer VN, Bliddal H, et al. Efficacy and safety of ginger in osteoarthritis patients: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2015;23(1):13-21. PubMed
- Choi JS, Han JY, Ahn HK, et al. Assessment of fetal and neonatal outcomes in the offspring of women who had been treated with dried ginger (Zingiberis rhizoma siccus) for a variety of illnesses during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;35(2):125-30.
- Marx W, McKavanagh D, McCarthy AL, Bird R, Ried K, Chan A, Isenring L. The effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on platelet aggregation: A systematic literature review. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0141119. PubMed
- Crichton M, Marshall S, Marx W, McCarthy AL, Isenring E. Efficacy of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and chemotherapy-related outcomes: A systematic review update and meta-analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2 PubMed
- Martins LB, Rodrigues AMDS, Monteze NM, et al. Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) in the prophylactic treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia. 2020;40(1):88-95.
- Martins LB, Rodrigues AMDS, Rodrigues DF, Dos Santos LC, Teixeira AL, Ferreira AVM. Double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) addition in migraine acute treatment. Cephalalgia. 2019;39(1):68-76.
- Ahad A, Raish M, Bin Jardan YA, Alam MA, Al-Mohizea AM, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on the antihypertensive activity and pharmacokinetic of losartan in hypertensive rats. Xenobiotica. 2020:1-11.
- Okuhira H, Nakatani Y, Furukawa F, Kanazawa N. Anaphylaxis to ginger induced by herbal medicine. Allergol Int. 2020;69(1):159-160. PubMed
- Yamprasert R, Chanvimalueng W, Mukkasombut N, Itharat A. Ginger extract versus Loratadine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020;20(1):116. PubMed
- Ebrahimzadeh A, Ebrahimzadeh A, Mirghazanfari SM, Hazrati E, Hadi S, Milajerdi A. The effect of ginger supplementation on metabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PubMed
- Alam MA, Bin Jardan YA, Alzenaidy B, et al. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021;73(9):1151-60.
- Akbarzadeh E, Heydari M, Atarzadeh F, Jaladat AM. Chronic dysuria following ginger (Zingiber officinale) use: a case report. Galen Med J 2018;7:e1086. DOI
- Haron MH, Dale O, Martin K, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. J Diet Suppl 2022. PubMed
- Rostamkhani H, Veisi P, Niknafs B, Jafarabadi MA, Ghoreishi Z. The effect of zingiber officinale on prooxidant-antioxidant balance and glycemic control in diabetic patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis: a double-blind randomized control trial. BMC Co PubMed
- Husain I, Dale OR, Idrisi M, et al. Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction (HDI) Potential of Zingiber officinale and Its Major Phytoconstituents. J Agric Food Chem. 2023;71(19):7521-7534.
- Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 189: Nausea And Vomiting Of Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;131(1):e15-e30. PubMed
- Pochet S, Lechon AS, Lescrainier C, et al. Herb-anticancer drug interactions in real life based on VigiBase, the WHO global database. Sci Rep 2022;12(1):14178. PubMed
Burdock 11 references
- Iwakami S, Wu JB, Ebizuka Y, Sankawa U. Platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists contained in medicinal plants: lignans and sesquiterpenes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1992;40:1196-8. PubMed
- Sasaki Y, Kimura Y, Tsunoda T, Tagami H. Anaphylaxis due to burdock. Int J Dermatol 2003;42:472-3. PubMed
- Rhoads PM, Tong TG, Banner W Jr, Anderson R. Anticholinergic poisonings associated with commercial burdock root tea. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1984-85;22:581-4. PubMed
- Rodriguez P, Blanco J, Juste S, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis due to burdock (Arctium lappa). Contact Dermatitis 1995;33:134-5.
- Kassler, W. J., Blanc, P., and Greenblatt, R. The use of medicinal herbs by human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Arch Intern Med 1991;151(11):2281-2288. DOI
- Chan, Y. S., Cheng, L. N., Wu, J. H., Chan, E., Kwan, Y. W., Lee, S. M., Leung, G. P., Yu, P. H., and Chan, S. W. A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock). Inflammopharmacology. 2011;19(5):245-254. PubMed
- Breed, F. B. and Kuwabara, T. Burdock ophthalmia. Arch Ophthalmol 1966;75(1):16-20.
- Bryson, P. D., Watanabe, A. S., Rumack, B. H., and Murphy, R. C. Burdock root tea poisoning. Case report involving a commercial preparation. JAMA 5-19-1978;239(20):2157. DOI
- <p>Fletcher GF<span>, </span>Cantwell JD. Burdock root tea poisoning. JAMA <span>1978 Oct 6;240(15):1586.</span></p> DOI
- Latif A, Fichadiya H, Abid F, Capo G. Herbal Teas and Thrombocytopenia: A Curious Case of Yellow Dock and Burdock-Induced Thrombocytopenia. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2022;9(3):003247. PubMed
- Niazi B, Ahmed K, Ahmed M, Ali S, Song K, Elias S. Drug-Induced Liver Injury from Herbal Liver Detoxification Tea. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2022;16(3):612-617. PubMed
Fennel 17 references
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Zhu M, Wong PY, Li RC. Effect of oral administration of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on ciprofloxacin absorption and disposition in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999;51:1391-6.
- Gral N, Beani JC, Bonnot D, et al. [Plasma levels of psoralens after celery ingestion]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1993;120:599-603.
- Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T. Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. J Neurol 1999;246:667-70. PubMed
- Rosti L, Nardini A, Bettinelli ME, Rosti D. Toxic effects of a herbal tea mixture in two newborns. Acta Paediatrica 1994;83:683. PubMed
- Cuzzolin L, Zaffani S, and Benoni G. Safety implications regarding use of phytomedicines. Eur.J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;62:37-42. PubMed
- Tognolini, M., Ballabeni, V., Bertoni, S., Bruni, R., Impicciatore, M., and Barocelli, E. Protective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil and anethole in an experimental model of thrombosis. Pharmacol.Res 2007;56(3):254-260. PubMed
- Subehan, Usia, T., Iwata, H., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Mechanism-based inhibition of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 by Indonesian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol. 5-24-2006;105(3):449-455. PubMed
- Tognolini, M., Barocelli, E., Ballabeni, V., Bruni, R., Bianchi, A., Chiavarini, M., and Impicciatore, M. Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. Life Sci. 2-23-2006;78(13):1419-1432. PubMed
- Subehan, Zaidi, S. F., Kadota, S., and Tezuka, Y. Inhibition on human liver cytochrome P450 3A4 by constituents of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare): identification and characterization of a mechanism-based inactivator. J Agric.Food Chem. 12-12-2007;55(25):101 PubMed
- LEVY, S. B. Bronchial asthma due to ingestion of fennel and fennel seed. Ann.Allergy 1948;6(4):415.
- Ottolenghi, A., De Chiara, A., Arrigoni, S., Terracciano, L., and De Amici, M. [Diagnosis of food allergy caused by fruit and vegetables in children with atopic dermatitis]. Pediatr Med Chir 1995;17(6):525-530.
- Trabace L, Tucci P, Ciuffreda L, et al. "Natural" relief of pregnancy-related symptoms and neonatal outcomes: above all do no harm. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;174:396-402. PubMed
- Denaxa D, Arkwright PD. Fennel as a cause of immediate hypersensitivity to toothpaste. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;125(1):99-100. PubMed
- Lee HW, Ang L, Lee MS, Alimoradi Z, Kim E. Fennel for reducing pain in primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients 2020;12(11):3438. PubMed
- Mathew T, John SK, Javali M, Vasireddy M, Nadig R, Sarma GRK. Substance use related cluster headache: A case series. Headache 2022;62(7):908-910. PubMed
Dandelion 27 references
- Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9. PubMed
- Williams CA, Goldstone F, Greenham J. Flavonoids, cinnamic acids and coumarins from the different tissues and medicinal preparations of Taraxacum officinale. Phytochemistry 1996;42:121-7. PubMed
- Hussain Z, Waheed A, Qureshi RA, et al. The effect of medicinal plants of Islamabad and Murree region of Pakistan on insulin secretion from INS-1 cells. Phytother Res 2004;18:73-7. PubMed
- Racz-Kotilla E, Racz G, Solomon A. The action of Taraxacum officinale extracts on the body weight and diuresis of laboratory animals. Planta Med 1974;26:212-7. PubMed
- Zhu M, Wong PY, Li RC. Effects of taraxacum mongolicum on the bioavailability and disposition of ciprofloxacin in rats. J Pharm Sci 1999;88:632-4. PubMed
- Jovanovic M, Mimica-Dukic N, Poljacki M, Boza P. Erythema multiforme due to contact with weeds: a recurrence after patch testing. Contact Dermatitis 2003;48:17-25. PubMed
- Chivato T, Juan F, Montoro A, Laguna R. Anaphylaxis induced by ingestion of a pollen compound. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 1996;6:208-9.
- Cohen SH, Yunginger JW, Rosenberg N, Fink JN. Acute allergic reaction after composite pollen ingestion. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1979;64:270-4. PubMed
- Lovell CR, Rowan M. Dandelion dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 1991;25:185-8. PubMed
- Agarwal SC, Crook JR, Pepper CB. Herbal remedies -- how safe are they? A case report of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation induced by herbal medication used for obesity. Int J Cardiol 2006;106:260-1. PubMed
- Martín-Muñoz MF, Bartolome B, Caminoa M, et al. Bee pollen: a dangerous food for allergic children. Identification of responsible allergens. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2010;38:263-5. PubMed
- Neef H, Cilli F, Declerck PJ, et al. Platelet anti-aggregating activity of Taraxacum officinale Weber. Phytotherapy Research 1996;10:s138-s140.
- Cuzzolin L, Zaffani S, and Benoni G. Safety implications regarding use of phytomedicines. Eur.J Clin Pharmacol. 2006;62:37-42. PubMed
- Posadzki, P., Watson, L. K., and Ernst, E. Adverse effects of herbal medicines: an overview of systematic reviews. Clin Med 2013;13(1):7-12. PubMed
- Wakelin, S. H., Marren, P., Young, E., and Shaw, S. Compositae sensitivity and chronic hand dermatitis in a seven-year-old boy. Br J Dermatol 1997;137(2):289-291. PubMed
- Ingber, A. Seasonal allergic contact dermatitis from Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) in an Israeli florist. Contact Dermatitis 2000;43(1):49.
- Rodriguez, B., Rodriguez, A., de Barrio, M., Tornero, P., and Baeza, M. L. Asthma induced by canary food mix. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2003;24(4):265-268.
- Syhaieva, I. A. [Efficiency of specific immunotherapy in treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis]. Lik.Sprava. 2006;(1-2):51-53.
- Catania, M. A., Oteri, A., Caiello, P., Russo, A., Salvo, F., Giustini, E. S., Caputi, A. P., and Polimeni, G. Hemorrhagic cystitis induced by an herbal mixture. South.Med.J. 2010;103(1):90-92. PubMed
- Goksu, E., Eken, C., Karadeniz, O., and Kucukyilmaz, O. First report of hypoglycemia secondary to dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) ingestion. Am J Emerg.Med 2010;28(1):111-112. PubMed
- Fernandez-Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez-Parrado, Z., Vega-Maray, A. M., Valencia-Barrera, R. M., Camazon-Izquierdo, B., De, Nuntiis P., and Mandrioli, P. Platanus pollen allergen, Pla a 1: quantification in the atmosphere and influence on a sensitizing populati
- Liang, K. L., Su, M. C., Shiao, J. Y., Wu, S. H., Li, Y. H., and Jiang, R. S. Role of pollen allergy in Taiwanese patients with allergic rhinitis. J Formos.Med Assoc. 2010;109(12):879-885. PubMed
- Yang, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, C. S., Wang, X. D., and Zhang, L. [Prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens in 10 030 patients with allergic rhinitis]. Zhonghua Er.Bi Yan.Hou Tou.Jing.Wai Ke Za Zhi 2011;46(11):914-920.
- Davies, M. G. and Kersey, P. J. Contact allergy to yarrow and dandelion. Contact Dermatitis 1986;14(4):256-257. PubMed
- Collins JM and Miller DR. Dandelion green bezoar following antrectomy and vagotomy - case report. J Kansas Med Soc 1966;67(6):303-304.
- Moriarty B, Pinney JH, Owen-Casey MP, Rustin MH, Deroide F, Laing C, Davenport A. Digital necrosis from dandelion tea. Br J Dermatol. 2013 Jul;169(1):227-30. PubMed
- Onal S, Timur S, Okutucu B, Zihnioglu F. Inhibition of alphaglucosidase by aqueous extracts of some potent antidiabetic medicinal herbs. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2005;35:29-36.
Yellow Dock 8 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- Foster S, Tyler VE. Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies. 3rd ed., Binghamton, NY: Haworth Herbal Press, 1993.
- The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Latif A, Fichadiya H, Abid F, Capo G. Herbal Teas and Thrombocytopenia: A Curious Case of Yellow Dock and Burdock-Induced Thrombocytopenia. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2022;9(3):003247. PubMed
Gentian 5 references
- Neubauer N, Marz RW. Placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, clincal trial with Sinupret sugar coated tablets on the basis of a therapy with antibiotics and decongestant nasal drops in acute sinusitis. Phytomedicine 1994;1:177-81.
- Marz RW, Ismail C, Popp MA. Action profile and efficacy of a herbal combination preparation for the treatment of sinusitis. Wien Med Wochenschr 1999;149:202-8.
- Uncini Manganelli RE, Chericoni S, Baragatti B. Ethnopharmacobotany in Tuscany: plants used as antihypertensives. Fitoterapia 2000;71:S95-100. PubMed
- Baragatti B, Calderone V, Testai L, et al. Vasodilator activity of crude methanolic extract of Gentiana kokiana Perr. et Song. (Gentianaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2002;79:369-72. PubMed
- Sanatani M, Younus J, Stitt L, et al. Tolerability of the combination of ginger (Zingiber officinalis), gentian (Gentiana lutea) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) in patients with cancer-associated anorexia. J Complement Integr Med. 2015;12(1):57-60.
Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.
DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.
© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC