Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 1 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

EFA-Sirt Supreme Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Biotics Research Corporation

EFA-Sirt Supreme label
See full label image
Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking EFA-Sirt Supreme against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

EFA-Sirt Supreme is a dietary supplement by Biotics Research Corporation with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for general antioxidant support, skin and hair care, heart health.Based on those ingredients, 764 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Vitamin E. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against EFA-Sirt Supreme by Biotics Research Corporation

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with EFA-Sirt Supreme by Biotics Research Corporation — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of EFA-Sirt Supreme by Biotics Research Corporation

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 23, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 9 of its 9 active ingredients.
  • “Vitamin E” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (50 IU) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Each serving of EFA-Sirt Supreme(R) supplies on average” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

EFA-Sirt Supreme contains 9 active ingredients, primarily essential fatty acids and vitamin E compounds. The omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids — eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, plus polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats — are the core of the formula.

Vitamin E is present as a blend of four forms: D-alpha-tocopherol, D-gamma-tocopherol, D-delta-tocopherol, and d-beta tocopherol. The inactive ingredients include borage oil, concentrated fish oil, mixed tocopherol concentrate, and the capsule shell.

These are excipients — they help deliver and contain the active ingredients but aren't the active components themselves.

Does it work?

Strong evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed

This product doesn't appear to be marketed for a specific use, so we graded Vitamin E's overall clinical evidence instead.

Strong

Strong clinical evidence supports Vitamin E for:

Why this rating?
  • We looked at the product name, claims, and label statements and couldn't find a stated purpose to grade.
  • Since the label doesn't commit to one use, we graded the ingredient's overall clinical evidence instead.
  • On file: Vitamin E deficiency — rated "Effective" (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) — rated "Effective" (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Alzheimer disease — rated "Possibly Effective" (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Beta-thalassemia — rated "Possibly Effective" (Natural Medicines).
  • On file: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency — rated "Possibly Effective" (Natural Medicines).

In our data, vitamin E is rated Effective for treating vitamin E deficiency and a rare genetic condition called ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED). For other uses listed — Alzheimer disease, beta-thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, and intracranial hemorrhage — the evidence is Possibly Effective, meaning the research is suggestive but not yet conclusive.

We don't hold effectiveness data for the other active ingredients in this product, so we can't comment on their proven uses.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin E

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 1 of the 1 matched ingredient.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 1 of 1.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 1 of 1.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Vitamin E is generally well tolerated when taken in usual dietary amounts. However, high-dose long-term supplements may raise the risk of bleeding and other harms.

Serious adverse effects from oral vitamin E are rare but include bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke, and cardiovascular complications. There's particular concern about hemorrhagic stroke in male smokers taking synthetic vitamin E over several years, though other studies haven't consistently shown this risk.

In pregnancy, vitamin E from food and prenatal vitamins is appropriate, but you should avoid high-dose supplements unless your doctor directs it. While breastfeeding, normal dietary amounts are fine, but check with your doctor before taking high-dose supplements.

The data shows lactation as both "Likely Safe" and "Possibly Unsafe" — talk with your doctor or pharmacist about what's right for your situation.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Vitamin E

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 1 matched ingredient can interact with medications — Vitamin E.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; cancer treatments.
  • For scale: 765 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take EFA-Sirt Supreme, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you're on blood thinners or antiplatelet drugs (Moderate risk of bleeding), warfarin specifically (Moderate risk of bleeding), any medications metabolized through CYP3A4 (Moderate risk of reduced drug levels), chemotherapy drugs like alkylating agents or antitumor antibiotics (Moderate risk of reduced effectiveness), cyclosporine (Moderate risk of increased levels), selumetinib (Moderate risk of excessive vitamin E dose and bleeding), or niacin (Minor risk of reduced HDL benefits). These are the main drug categories our data flags.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with strong clinical evidence behind its ingredients' uses. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

EFA-Sirt Supreme is an essential fatty acid and vitamin E blend that may help with vitamin E deficiency and possibly with certain other conditions. If you take blood thinners, antiplatelet drugs, warfarin, chemotherapy, cyclosporine, selumetinib, niacin, or any CYP3A4 substrate medication, you need to check with your own doctor or pharmacist before starting this product.

High-dose vitamin E carries real risks — discuss your dosage and your full medication list with your healthcare provider.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 9 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated May 24, 2013.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about EFA-Sirt Supreme, straight from the product label.

Brand Biotics Research Corporation
Net contents 180 Capsule(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD May 24, 2013
DSLD ID 21805
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for EFA-Sirt Supreme by Biotics Research Corporation, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
6 Capsule(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
6 Capsule(s)
Servings per container
30
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories80 {Calories}--
Calories from Fat70 {Calories}--
Total Fat7 g11%
Eicosapentaenoic Acid900 mg--
Docosahexaenoic Acid600 mg--
Protein2 g4%
Saturated Fat1 g5%
Polyunsaturated Fat4.5 g--
Cholesterol15 mg5%
Gamma-Linolenic Acid750 mg--
Monounsaturated Fat1.5 g--
Vitamin E50 IU167%
D-Alpha-Tocopherol50 mg--
D-Gamma-Tocopherol216 mg--
D-Delta-Tocopherol86 mg--
d-Beta tocopherol7 mg--
Each serving of EFA-Sirt Supreme(R) supplies on average0 NP--

Other ingredients: Borage oil, concentrated fish oil, mixed tocopherol concentrate, capsule shell

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

RECOMMENDATION: Six (6) capsules each day as a dietary supplement or as otherwise recommended by your healthcare professional.

Brand IP Statement(s)

(C) Copyright 2009

General Statements

Lot Number: 33403D Exp. Date: SEP 12

Sealed with an imprinted safety seal for your protection.

Developed in Conjunction with the Hypertension Institute of Nashville, TN

Precautions

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

Contains ingredients derived from Sardine and Anchovy.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry area.

General

Rev. 10/09

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

EFA-Sirt Supreme by Biotics Research Corporation label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

EFA-Sirt Supreme label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in EFA-Sirt Supreme by Biotics Research Corporation

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size6 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Protein

2 g per serving

Vitamin E

Interacts with
764 drugs
50 IU per serving

Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correc...

Vitamin E monograph & interactions

Each serving of EFA-Sirt Supreme(R) supplies on average

0 NP per serving
  • › Eicosapentaenoic Acid
  • › Docosahexaenoic Acid
  • › Gamma-Linolenic Acid

Other (inactive) ingredients: Borage oil, Concentrated fish oil, Mixed tocopherol concentrate, Capsule shell. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

EFA-Sirt Supreme by Biotics Research Corporation Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against EFA-Sirt Supreme?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
764Drugs
763 Moderate 1 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Vitamin E 764

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in EFA-Sirt Supreme interact with 764 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 5 ingredients in EFA-Sirt Supreme interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Vitamin E

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in EFA-Sirt Supreme with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Vitamin E8 drug types · 764 drugs

Alkylating Agents

Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of alkylating agents.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of chemotherapy drugs which generate free radicals, such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, carmustine, busulfan, and thiotepa. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Concomitant use of vitamin E and anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents might increase the risk of bleeding.
Vitamin E seems to inhibit of platelet aggregation and antagonize the effects of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. These effects appear to be dose-dependent, and are probably only likely to be clinically significant with doses of at least 800 units daily. Mixed tocopherols, such as those found in food, might have a greater antiplatelet effect than alpha-tocopherol. RRR alpha-tocopherol (natural vitamin E) 1000 IU daily antagonizes vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Advise patients to avoid high doses of vitamin E, especially in people with low vitamin K intake or other risk factors for bleeding.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antitumor Antibiotics

Theoretically, antioxidant effects of vitamin E might reduce the effectiveness of antitumor antibiotics.
There's concern that antioxidants could reduce the activity of antitumor antibiotic drugs such as doxorubicin, which generate free radicals. However, some researchers theorize that antioxidants might make chemotherapy more effective by reducing oxidative stress that might interfere with apoptosis (cell death) of cancer cells. More evidence is needed to determine what effect, if any, antioxidants such as vitamin E have on chemotherapy involving antitumor antibiotics. Advise patients to consult their oncologist before using vitamin E supplements, especially in high doses.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

A specific form of vitamin E might increase absorption and levels of cyclosporine.
There is some evidence that one specific formulation of vitamin E (D-alpha-tocopheryl-polyethylene glycol-1000 succinate, TPGS, tocophersolan, Liqui-E) might increase absorption of cyclosporine. This vitamin E formulation forms micelles which seems to increase absorption of cyclosporine by 40% to 72% in some patients. However, this interaction is unlikely to occur with the usual forms of vitamin E.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, vitamin E might induce metabolism of CYP3A4, possibly reducing the levels CYP3A4 substrates.
Vitamin E appears to bind with the nuclear receptor, pregnane X receptor (PXR), which results in increased expression of CYP3A4. Although the clinical significance of this is not known, use caution when considering concomitant use of vitamin E and other drugs affected by these enzymes.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Selumetinib (Koselugo)

Taking selumetinib with vitamin E can result in a total daily dose of vitamin E that exceeds safe limits and therefore might increase the risk of bleeding.
Selumetinib contains 48-54 IU vitamin E per capsule. The increased risk of bleeding with vitamin E appears to be dose-dependent. Be cautious when using selumetinib in combination with supplemental vitamin E, especially in patients at higher risk of bleed, such as those with chronic conditions and those taking antiplatelet drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Using vitamin E with warfarin might increase the risk of bleeding.
Due to interference with production of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, use of more than 400 IU of vitamin E daily with warfarin might increase prothrombin time (PT), INR, and the risk of bleeding,. At a dose of 1000 IU per day, vitamin E can antagonize vitamin K-dependent clotting factors even in people not taking warfarin. Limited clinical evidence suggests that doses up to 1200 IU daily may be used safely by patients taking warfarin, but this may not be applicable in all patient populations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Niacin

Vitamin E might decrease the beneficial effects of niacin on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels.
A combination of niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) effectively raises high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in people with coronary disease and low HDL levels. Clinical research shows that taking a combination of antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium) along with niacin and simvastatin (Zocor) attenuates this rise in HDL, specifically the HDL-2 and apolipoprotein A1 fractions, by more than 50%. Vitamin E alone combined with a statin does not seem to decrease HDL levels. It is not known whether the adverse effect on HDL is due to one of the other antioxidants or to the combination. It also is not known whether it will occur in other patient populations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence A
Vitamin E full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for EFA-Sirt Supreme, from the product label.

Biotics Research Corporation

See all Biotics Research Corporation products
Name
BIOTICS RESEARCH CORP.
City
Rosenberg
State
Texas
Phone Number
(281) 344-0909
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

EFA-Sirt Supreme by Biotics Research Corporation: Common Questions

Does EFA-Sirt Supreme by Biotics Research Corporation interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, EFA-Sirt Supreme has a known interaction with 764 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
EFA-Sirt Supreme contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Can I take this if I'm on warfarin or other blood thinners?
Not without checking with your doctor first. Vitamin E in this product may increase your bleeding risk when combined with warfarin or other anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs. More than 400 IU of vitamin E daily with warfarin can affect your clotting times and INR. Your doctor needs to know about this product before you start it.
Is this safe to take while pregnant or breastfeeding?
Vitamin E from food and prenatal vitamins is appropriate in pregnancy, but high-dose supplements should be avoided unless your doctor says otherwise. While breastfeeding, normal dietary amounts are fine, but talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking high-dose supplements — the data shows mixed safety ratings for lactation. Get personalized advice based on your situation.
Will this help with Alzheimer's disease?
The evidence is Possibly Effective — meaning research suggests it might help, but we don't have proof yet. If you're interested in using it for Alzheimer's or another specific condition, discuss it with your doctor to see if it fits your treatment plan.
Are there side effects I should watch for?
Vitamin E is generally well tolerated. Rare serious side effects include bleeding, hemorrhagic stroke, and cardiovascular problems — especially with high-dose long-term use. High doses can also increase bleeding risk, particularly if you have a vitamin K deficiency or take blood-thinning medications.
Does this product contain omega-3 fish oil?
Yes. The inactive ingredients list includes concentrated fish oil, which is used as a source for the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the formula. If you have a fish allergy, talk with your pharmacist or doctor before using this.
Can I take this if I'm on chemotherapy?
You should check with your doctor before taking this product if you're on chemotherapy. Vitamin E's antioxidant effects may theoretically reduce the effectiveness of certain chemotherapy drugs like alkylating agents and antitumor antibiotics. Your oncologist needs to know before you start any new supplement.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

EFA-Sirt Supreme label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind EFA-Sirt Supreme’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Vitamin E

Interacts with 764 drugs

Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble vitamin and antioxidant that most people get in adequate amounts from a normal diet. Supplements can help correct a true deficiency, but high-dose vitam...

Read the full Vitamin E monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

EFA-Sirt Supreme's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 64 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Vitamin E 64 references
  1. Kim JM, White RH. Effect of vitamin E on the anticoagulant response to warfarin. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:545-6. PubMed
  2. Corrigan JJ Jr. The effect of vitamin E on warfarin-induced vitamin K deficiency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1982;393:361-8. PubMed
  3. Corrigan JJ Jr. Coagulation problems relating to vitamin E. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1979;1:169-73.
  4. Corrigan JJ Jr, Marcus FI. Coagulopathy associated with vitamin E ingestion. JAMA 1974;230:1300-1. DOI
  5. Labriola D, Livingston R. Possible interactions between dietary antioxidants and chemotherapy. Oncology 1999;13:1003-8.
  6. Chang T, Benet LZ, Hebert MF. The effect of water-soluble vitamin E on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996;59:297-303. PubMed
  7. Pan SH, Lopez RR Jr, Sher LS, et al. Enhanced oral cyclosporine absorption with water-soluble vitamin E early after liver transplantation. Pharmacother 1996;16:59-65. DOI
  8. Anon. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Soprawivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet 1999;354:447-55. DOI
  9. Chappell LC, Seed PT, Briley AL, et al. Effect of antioxidants on the occurrence of pre-eclampsia in women at increased risk: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999;354:810-6. DOI
  10. Yusuf S, Dagenais G, Pogue J, et al. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The heart outcomes prevention evaluation study investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:154-60. PubMed
  11. Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM, et al. Randomised controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study. Lancet 1996;347:781-6.
  12. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1029-35. PubMed
  13. Takahashi O. Haemorrhagic toxicity of a large dose of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols, ubiquinone, beta-carotene, retinol acetate and L-ascorbic acid in the rat. Food Chem Toxicol 1995;33:121-8.
  14. Briggs GB, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998.
  15. Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas RG, et al. A controlled trial of selegiline, alpha-tocopherol, or both as treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1216-22. PubMed
  16. Liede KE, Haukka JK, Saxen LM, Heinonen OP. Increased tendency towards gingival bleeding caused by joint effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation and acetylsalicylic acid. Ann Med 1998;30:542-6.
  17. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/books/0309069351/html/.
  18. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583-93. DOI
  19. Liu M, Wallmon A, Olsson-Mortlock C, et al. Mixed tocopherols inhibit platelet aggregation in humans: potential mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:700-6. PubMed
  20. Sokol RJ, Johnson KE, Karrer FM, et al. Improvement of cyclosporin absorption in children after liver transplantation by means of water-soluble vitamin E. Lancet 1991;338:212-4.. PubMed
  21. Stein JH, Carlsson CM, Papcke-Benson K, et al. The effects of lipid-lowering and antioxidant vitamin therapies on flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery in older adults with hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:1806-13.. PubMed
  22. Carlsson CM, Papcke-Benson K, Carnes M, et al. Health-related quality of life and long-term therapy with pravastatin and tocopherol (vitamin E) in older adults. Drugs Aging 2002;19:793-805. . PubMed
  23. Cheung MC, Zhao XQ, Chait A, et al. Antioxidant supplements block the response of HDL to simvastatin-niacin therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and low HDL. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001;21:1320-6. PubMed
  24. Schrogie JJ. Coagulopathy and fat-soluble vitamins (letter). JAMA 1975;232:19. DOI
  25. Celestini A, Pulcinelli FM, Pignatelli P, et al. Vitamin E potentiates the antiplatelet activity of aspirin in collagen-stimulated platelets. Haematologica 2002;87:420-6.
  26. Stampfer MJ, Jakubowski JA, Faigel D, et al. Vitamin E supplementation effect on human platelet function, arachidonic acid metabolism, and plasma prostacyclin levels. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;47:700-6. PubMed
  27. Jandak J, Steiner M, Richardson PD. Alpha-tocopherol, an effective inhibitor of platelet adhesion. Blood 1989;73:141-9. DOI
  28. Freedman JE, Farhat JH, Loscalzo J, Keaney JF. Alpha-tocopherol inhibits aggregation of human platelets by a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. Circulation 1996;94:2434-40. PubMed
  29. Steiner M. Vitamin E, a modifier of platelet function: rationale and use in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Nutr Rev 1999;57:306-9. PubMed
  30. Brodkin RH, Bleiberg J. Sensitivity to topically applied vitamin E. Arch Dermatol 1965;92:76-7. DOI
  31. Booth SL, Golly I, Sacheck JM, et al. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on vitamin K status in adults with normal coagulation status. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:143-8. PubMed
  32. Miller ER 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, et al. Meta-analysis: High-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:60520-53. PubMed
  33. Lonn E, Bosch J, Yusuf S, et al. HOPE and HOPE-TOO Trial Investigators. Effects of long-term vitamin E supplementation on cardiovascular events and cancer: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;293:1338-47. PubMed
  34. Landes N, Pfluger P, Kluth D, et al. Vitamin E activates gene expression via the pregnane X receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2003;65:269-73. . PubMed
  35. Brigelius-Flohe R. Vitamin E and drug metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;305:737-40. PubMed
  36. Prasad KN. Rationale for using high-dose multiple dietary antioxidants as an adjunct to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. J Nutr 2004;134:3182S-3S. PubMed
  37. Conklin KA. Cancer chemotherapy and antioxidants. J Nutr 2004;134:3201S-3204S. PubMed
  38. Schurks M, Glynn RJ, Rist PM, et al. Effects of vitamin E on stroke subtypes: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMJ 2010;341: c5702. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c5702.
  39. Lawson KA, Wright ME, Subar A, et al. Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:754-64. PubMed
  40. Gaziano JM, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, et al. Vitamins E and C in the prevention of prostate total cancer in men: the physicians' health study II randomised controlled trial. JAMA 2009;301:52-62.
  41. Hayden KM, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Wengreen HJ, et al; Cache County Investigators. Risk of mortality with vitamin E supplements: the Cache County study. Am L Med 2007;120:180-4. PubMed
  42. Smedts HP, de Vries JH, Rakhshandehroo M, et al. High maternal vitamin E intake by diet or supplements is associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring. BJOG 2009;116:416-23. PubMed
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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