Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Elderberry Liquid for Kids Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by NOW

Elderberry Liquid for Kids label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical With Nutrients
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Elderberry Liquid for Kids against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Elderberry Liquid for Kids is a dietary supplement by NOW with 3 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for zinc deficiency, immune support, cold symptoms.Based on those ingredients, 187 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Elderberry Fruit Concentrate, Zinc. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Jul 11, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 3 of its 3 active ingredients.
  • “Zinc” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (2.50 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

NOW Elderberry Liquid for Kids has 3 active ingredients. Zinc (supplied as Albion Zinc Bisglycinate) supports immune function and overall health.

Xylitol is a sweetener that's also been studied for dental health — it may help prevent tooth decay. Elderberry fruit concentrate is included for immune support, though the evidence for its specific benefits isn't well established in the data we hold.

The product also contains inactive ingredients like glycerin, water, citric acid, and potassium sorbate, which are there to flavor and preserve the liquid.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: seasonal wellness and immune system support.
  • We looked for evidence on: Lower respiratory tract infections, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Common cold, Influenza, Respiratory infections.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Zinc is rated "Possibly Effective" for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Elderberry is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Respiratory tract infections, Lower respiratory tract infections.
  • Also on file: Zinc is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Respiratory tract infections.

The evidence for this product's benefits varies by ingredient. Zinc is effective for treating zinc deficiency and likely effective for Wilson disease (a rare copper-metabolism disorder); it's possibly effective for acne and age-related macular degeneration.

Xylitol is likely effective for preventing dental caries (cavities) and possibly effective for ear infections (otitis media). Elderberry fruit concentrate, however, has insufficient evidence to rate its effectiveness for respiratory infections, hay fever, cardiovascular health, cognitive function, chronic fatigue, or COPD — meaning the evidence we hold doesn't yet support or refute claims about those uses.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Zinc Xylitol Elderberry

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Zinc is well tolerated in recommended doses but can cause nausea, diarrhea, and a metallic taste, especially at higher amounts. Xylitol is generally well tolerated in food amounts, though it may cause digestive upset (diarrhea, gas) at high doses — and it's important to know that xylitol is highly toxic to dogs, so keep this product away from pets.

There's a rare case of an anaphylactic reaction to xylitol in a young child, so watch for any signs of severe allergic reaction. Elderberry prepared from ripe, cooked fruit is well tolerated; however, raw or unripe elderberries and other plant parts contain toxins that cause nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea, and other serious symptoms.

This product should be properly prepared, so check the label. For pregnancy and breastfeeding: safety data on elderberry in these situations is limited, so it's best to avoid it.

We don't have data on xylitol or zinc dosing in pregnancy or lactation — talk with your doctor or pharmacist before use if you're pregnant or breastfeeding.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Zinc Xylitol Elderberry

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Elderberry, Zinc.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: immunosuppressants / transplant drugs.
  • For scale: 187 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before your child takes this product, have a pharmacist check if they're on any of these: quinolone or tetracycline antibiotics, cephalexin, penicillamine, HIV medications (ritonavir, integrase inhibitors, bictegravir combinations), cisplatin or other cancer drugs, or immunosuppressant medications. These are the drug types with moderate interactions documented.

Spacing doses carefully — usually 2 to 6 hours apart from zinc — can reduce the risk, but your pharmacist needs to know the specific drugs and doses.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is a liquid supplement for kids combining immune-support ingredients with a cavity-fighting sweetener. If your child is on any antibiotics, HIV medications, chemotherapy, or immunosuppressant drugs, check with your pharmacist before giving them this product — timing and spacing matter, and some interactions are significant.

Pregnant or breastfeeding? Skip the elderberry part and discuss with your doctor.

For otherwise healthy kids with no medications, run their exact drug list through the checker first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 3 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 20, 2024.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Elderberry Liquid for Kids, straight from the product label.

Brand NOW
Barcode (UPC) 733739048516
Net contents 8 Fluid Ounce(s); 237 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 20, 2024
DSLD ID 314300
Product type Botanical With Nutrients
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Children 4 or More Years of Age, Vegan, Vegetarian, Kosher, Halal, Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
10 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
10 mL
Servings per container
24
UPC/BARCODE
733739048516
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories20 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates6 Gram(s)2%
Zinc2.5 mg23%
Xylitol3 Gram(s)--
Added Sugars0 Gram(s)--
Total Sugars0 Gram(s)--
Elderberry Fruit Concentrate500 mg--
Albion Zinc Bisglycinate25 mg--

Other ingredients: de-ionized Water, Glycerin, Citric Acid, Potassium Sorbate

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested usage: Shake well before using. For children (age 4 & up) and adults, take 2 teaspoons (10 mL) 1 to 3 times daily.

Precautions

Caution: Do not exceed recommended dosage.

Keep out of reach of children.

Consult physician if pregnant/nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition.

Contains Xylitol, which is harmful to pets.

Not manufactured with wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, fish, shellfish or sesame ingredients. Produced in a GMP facility that processes other ingredients containing these allergens.

Formula

NOW Kids Elderberry Liquid combines elderberry concentrate with zinc to promote seasonal wellness. Elderberry has been used traditionally to maintain health and well-being. Zinc has been added to promote normal immune system function.

Crescent H (Halal)

Elderberry Liquid with Zinc

Triangle K (Kosher)

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Brand IP Statement(s)

Albion is a trademark of Balchem Corporation or its subsidiaries.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place after opening.

Seals/Symbols

Crescent H (Halal) GMP Quality Assured

Triangle K (Kosher)

Formulation

Immune support Seasonal wellness Tastes great, sugar free, low calorie

Tastes great, sugar free, low calorie

Vegetarian/vegan

Non-GMO

Made and quality tested in the USA with globally sourced ingredients.

Not manufactured with wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, fish, shellfish or sesame ingredients.

FDA Statement of Identity

A Dietary Supplement

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Elderberry Liquid for Kids label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW

These are the 3 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size10 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container24 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Zinc

Interacts with
67 drugs
2.5 mg per serving

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but suppleme...

Zinc monograph & interactions

Xylitol

No known
interactions
3 Gram(s) per serving

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a low-calorie sweetener that has the best-supported benefit for reducing cavities, especially in chewing gum or loz...

Xylitol monograph & interactions

Elderberry Fruit Concentrate

Interacts with
121 drugs
500 mg per serving Form: Sambucus nigra Fruit Concentrate

Elderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu sym...

Elderberry Fruit Concentrate monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: De-ionized Water, Glycerin, Citric Acid, Potassium Sorbate. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Elderberry Liquid for Kids?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
187Drugs
183 Moderate 4 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Elderberry Fruit Concentrate 121
Zinc 67

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Elderberry Liquid for Kids interact with 187 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 3 ingredients in Elderberry Liquid for Kids interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Elderberry Fruit Concentrate Zinc

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Elderberry Liquid for Kids with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Elderberry Fruit Concentrate2 drug types · 121 drugs

Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, elderberry might interfere with immunosuppressant therapy due to its immunostimulant activity.
Elderberry has immunostimulant activity, increasing the production of cytokines, including interleukin and tumor necrosis factor.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Pazopanib (Votrient)

Theoretically, elderberry might interact with pazopanib, potentially increasing the risk of adverse effects.
In one case, a 65-year-old patient taking pazopanib for 4 weeks for soft-tissue sarcoma developed severe nausea, loose stools, and elevated alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels and was diagnosed with grade 3 liver injury. The patient reported taking elderberry supplements for 2 years, dose unspecified, and was also taking a multivitamin and a calcium supplement. The patient's symptoms and liver enzyme levels improved upon discontinuation of pazopanib and all supplements. Pazopanib treatment was re-initiated, at a lower dose, with no further evidence of liver injury. It was unclear in this case report if the elderberry supplements were derived from the berry, the flower, or the combination.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Elderberry Fruit Concentrate full monograph & interactions

Zinc10 drug types · 67 drugs

Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (Biktarvy)

Theoretically, zinc might decrease levels of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide by reducing its absorption.
Advise patients that bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide should be taken at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after zinc containing products.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Cephalexin (Keflex)

Zinc might decrease cephalexin levels by chelating with cephalexin in the gut and preventing its absorption.
A pharmacokinetic study shows that zinc sulfate 250 mg taken concomitantly with cephalexin 500 mg decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 31% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 27%. Also, taking zinc sulfate 3 hours before cephalexin decreases peak levels of cephalexin by 11% and reduces the exposure to cephalexin by 18%. By decreasing cephalexin levels, zinc might increase the risk of treatment failure. This effect does not occur when zinc is taken 3 hours after the cephalexin dose. To avoid an interaction, advise patients take zinc sulfate 3 hours after taking cephalexin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)

Theoretically, zinc might interfere with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin.
Animal research suggests that zinc stimulates tumor cell production of the protein metallothionein, which binds and inactivates cisplatin. It is not known whether zinc supplements or high dietary zinc intake can cause clinically significant interference with cisplatin therapy. Cisplatin might also increase zinc excretion.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Integrase Inhibitors

Theoretically, taking zinc along with integrase inhibitors might decrease the levels and clinical effects of these drugs.
Zinc is a divalent cation. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that other divalent cations such as calcium and iron can decrease blood levels of the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir through chelation.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen)

Zinc might reduce the levels and clinical effects of penicillamine.
By forming an insoluble complex with penicillamine, zinc interferes with penicillamine absorption and activity. Zinc supplements reduce the efficacy of low-dose penicillamine (0.5-1 gram/day), but do not seem to affect higher doses (1-2.75 gram/day), provided dosing times are separated. Advise patients to take zinc and penicillamine at least 2 hours apart.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Quinolone Antibiotics

Zinc can decrease the levels and clinical effects of quinolones antibiotics.
Quinolones form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing absorption of both the quinolone and zinc if taken at the same time. Advise patients to take these drugs at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Ritonavir (Norvir)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of ritonavir.
Clinical research shows that zinc might reduce serum ritonavir levels by chelating with ritonavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. In patients with HIV, ritonavir is taken with atazanavir to prevent the metabolism and increase the effects of atazanavir. A pharmacokinetic study shows that, in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg as a single dose or as multiple daily doses for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of ritonavir by about 16%. However, atazanavir levels still remains high enough to prevent HIV virus replication. Therefore, the decrease in ritonavir levels is not likely to be clinically significant.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Tetracycline Antibiotics

Zinc might reduce levels of tetracycline antibiotics.
Tetracyclines form complexes with zinc in the gastrointestinal tract, which can reduce absorption of both the tetracycline and zinc when taken at the same time. Taking zinc sulfate 200 mg with tetracycline reduces absorption of the antibiotic by 30% to 40%. Demeclocycline and minocycline cause a similar interaction. However, doxycycline does not seem to interact significantly with zinc. Advise patients to take tetracyclines at least 2 hours before, or 4-6 hours after, zinc supplements to avoid any interactions.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Amiloride (Midamor)

Amiloride can modestly reduce zinc excretion and increase zinc levels.
Clinical research shows that amiloride can reduce urinary zinc excretion, especially at doses of 10 mg per day or more. This zinc-sparing effect can help to counteract zinc losses caused by thiazide diuretics, but it is unlikely to cause zinc toxicity at usual amiloride doses. The other potassium-sparing diuretics, spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium), do not seem to have a zinc-sparing effect.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Atazanavir (Reyataz)

Zinc modestly reduces levels of atazanavir, although this effect does not seem to be clinically significant.
Clinical research shows that zinc might decrease serum atazanavir levels by chelating with atazanavir in the gut and preventing its absorption. Although a single dose of zinc sulfate (Solvazinc tablets) 125 mg orally does not affect atazanavir concentrations in patients being treated with atazanavir/ritonavir, co-administration of zinc sulfate 125 mg daily for 2 weeks reduces plasma levels of atazanavir by about 22% in these patients. However, despite this decrease, atazanavir levels still remain at high enough concentrations for the prevention of HIV virus replication.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Zinc full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Elderberry Liquid for Kids, from the product label.

NOW

See all NOW products
Name
NOW FOODS
Street Address
395 S. Glen Ellyn Rd.
City
Bloomingdale
State
IL
ZipCode
60108
Web Address
nowfoods.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW: Common Questions

Does Elderberry Liquid for Kids by NOW interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Elderberry Liquid for Kids has a known interaction with 187 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Elderberry Liquid for Kids contains 3 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this product safe for my child if they're on antibiotics?
It depends on the antibiotic. Zinc in this product can reduce how well your child's body absorbs several common antibiotics, including quinolones, tetracyclines, and cephalexin. Your pharmacist can tell you whether your child's specific antibiotic is affected and how to space the doses — usually at least 2 to 6 hours apart — to avoid the interaction.
Can my child have this if they take an immunosuppressant medication?
No, not without talking to their doctor first. Elderberry in this product stimulates immune activity, which could interfere with medications designed to weaken the immune system — for example, after an organ transplant or for certain autoimmune conditions. Your doctor needs to know before your child uses this product.
What's xylitol doing in a kids' supplement?
Xylitol is a sweetener that tastes like sugar but is likely effective at preventing cavities. It's generally well tolerated in the food amounts used here, though some kids might experience mild digestive upset. Most importantly, keep this product away from dogs — xylitol is highly toxic to them.
Will this actually help my child not get sick?
The evidence isn't clear. Zinc is effective for zinc deficiency, and xylitol is likely effective for preventing cavities. Elderberry is included for immune support, but we don't have reliable evidence that it prevents respiratory infections or other illnesses in the data we hold.
Are there any common side effects I should expect?
Zinc can cause nausea, diarrhea, and a metallic taste in the mouth, especially at higher doses. Xylitol may cause digestive upset like gas or loose stools if given in large amounts. Elderberry prepared from ripe fruit is generally well tolerated, but if your child develops nausea or vomiting, stop use and call your pharmacist.
Can I give this to my child if I'm breastfeeding?
We don't have enough data on xylitol or zinc to know if breastfeeding is safe with this product. Elderberry safety data during breastfeeding is also limited. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether this product is right for you while breastfeeding.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Elderberry Liquid for Kids label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Elderberry Liquid for Kids’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Zinc

Interacts with 67 drugs

Zinc is an essential mineral that your body needs for immune function, wound healing, taste, and smell. Most people get enough from food, but supplements can help correct or prevent a defici...

Read the full Zinc monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Xylitol

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used as a low-calorie sweetener that has the best-supported benefit for reducing cavities, especially in chewing gum or lozenges. It is generally safe for people i...

Read the full Xylitol monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Elderberry

Interacts with 121 drugs

Elderberry is a popular herbal supplement, mainly taken to help with colds and flu. Some small studies suggest it may modestly shorten cold or flu symptoms, but the evidence is limited and n...

Read the full Elderberry monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Elderberry Liquid for Kids's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 101 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Zinc 88 references
  1. Barceloux DG. Zinc. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1999;37:279-92.
  2. Eby GA, Davis DR, Halcomb WW. Reduction in duration of common colds by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;25:20-4. DOI
  3. Smith DS, Helzner EC, Nuttall CE Jr, et al. Failure of zinc gluconate in treatment of acute upper respiratory tract infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1989;33:646-8. PubMed
  4. Blondeau JM. Expanded activity and utility of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Clin Ther 1999;21:3-40. PubMed
  5. Reyes AJ, Olhaberry JV, Leary WP, et al. Urinary zinc excretion, diuretics, zinc deficiency and some side-effects of diuretics. S Afr Med J 1983;64:936-41.
  6. Kugelmas M. Preliminary observation: oral zinc sulfate replacement is effective in treating muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:13-5. PubMed
  7. Hebel SK, ed. Drug Facts and Comparisons. 52nd ed. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 1998.
  8. Chan S, Gerson B, Subramaniam S. The role of copper, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc in nutrition and health. Clin Lab Med 1998;18:673-85. DOI
  9. Brewer GJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Johnson V, et al. Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc: XI. Interaction with other anticopper agents. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:26-30. PubMed
  10. Fosmire GJ. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;51:225-7.
  11. Lomaestro BM, Bailie GR. Absorption interactions with fluoroquinolones. 1995 update. Drug Saf 1995;12:314-33. PubMed
  12. Hansten PD, Horn JR. Drug Interactions Analysis and Management. Vancouver, WA: Applied Therapeutics Inc., 1997 and updates.
  13. Seelig MS. Auto-immune complications of D-penicillamine - A possible result of zinc and magnesium depletion and of pyridoxine inactivation. J Am Coll Nutr 1982;1:207-14. PubMed
  14. Neuvonen PJ. Interactions with the absorption of tetracyclines. Drugs 1976;11:45-54.. PubMed
  15. Hirt M, Nobel S, Barron E. Zinc nasal gel for the treatment of common cold symptoms: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ear Nose Throat J 2000;79:778-82.. DOI
  16. Simkin PA. Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1976;2:539-42. PubMed
  17. Wray D. A double-blind trial of systemic zinc sulfate in recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;53:469-72. PubMed
  18. Douglas RM, Miles HB, Moore BW, et al. Failure of effervescent zinc acetate lozenges to alter the course of upper respiratory tract infections in Australian adults. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1987;31:1263-5. PubMed
  19. Lagiou P, Wuu J, Trichopoulou A, et al. Diet and benign prostatic hyperplasia: a study in Greece. Urology 1999;54:284-90. PubMed
  20. Ewing CI, Gibbs AC, Ashcroft C, David TJ. Failure of oral zinc supplementation in atopic eczema. Eur J Clin Nutr 1991;45:507-10.
  21. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002.
  22. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. AREDS report no. 8. Arch Oph
  23. Greenberg JE, Lynn M, Kirsner RS, et al. Mucocutaneous pigmented macule as a result of zinc deposition. J Cutan Pathol 2002;29:613-5. PubMed
  24. Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, Riley D. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med 2001;7:49-56.
  25. Turner RB. Ineffectiveness of intranasal zinc gluconate for prevention of experimental rhinovirus colds. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33:1865-70. PubMed
  26. Belongia EA, Berg R, Liu K. A randomized trial of zinc nasal spray for the treatment of upper respiratory illness in adults. Am J Med 2001;111:103-8. PubMed
  27. Mossad SB. Effect of zincum gluconicum nasal gel on the duration and symptom severity of the common cold in otherwise healthy adults. QJM 2003;96:35-43. DOI
  28. Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Wu K, et al. Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003;95:1004-7.. PubMed
  29. Jafek BW, Linschoten M, Murrow BW. Zicam Induced Anosmia. American Rhinologic Society 49th Annual Fall Scientific Meeting abstract. Orlando, Florida. September 20, 2003. http://app.american-rhinologic.org/programs/2003ARSFallProgram071503.pdf (Accessed 24
  30. Uebayashi H, Hatanaka T, Kanemura F, Tonosaki K. Acute anosmia in the mouse: behavioral discrimination among the four basic taste substances. Physiol Behav 2001;72:291-6.. PubMed
  31. Barrett S. Zicam Marketers Sued. United States District Court Western District of Michigan Southern Division, Filed October 14, 2003, Case No. 4:03CV0146.
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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