HBgard Ingredients & Drug Interactions
by HBgard
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking HBgard against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
HBgard is a dietary supplement by HBgard with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for high cholesterol, indigestion and heartburn, constipation and bloating.Based on those ingredients, 2,149 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Marshmallow Root Extract, Slippery Elm, Powder, Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against HBgard by HBgard
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with HBgard by HBgard — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of HBgard by HBgard
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
HBgard contains four active herbal ingredients: artichoke leaf extract, marshmallow root extract, deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extract, and slippery elm powder. Artichoke leaf extract is used for digestive support and cholesterol management; marshmallow root extract and slippery elm are traditional demulcents (soothing herbs) for the digestive tract; and deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extract is a form of licorice with a component removed to reduce the risk of side effects.
The capsule also contains inactive ingredients including microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, ascorbyl palmitate, and medium chain triglyceride.
Does it work?
Moderate evidence
Artichoke leaf extract is possibly effective for high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia) and indigestion (dyspepsia), based on clinical trial data. The evidence for marshmallow root extract, slippery elm, and deglycyrrhizinated licorice for their traditional uses in this product—soothing digestion and supporting the gut—isn't established in the data we hold.
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extract is possibly effective for eczema (atopic dermatitis) and canker sores, but the evidence for its use in digestive support specifically is insufficient.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
Artichoke extract is generally well tolerated short-term but can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, hunger, and nausea in some people. Rarely, it may trigger anaphylaxis in those sensitive to artichoke inulin, and it can cause allergic contact dermatitis when applied to skin.
If you're sensitive to ragweed, chrysanthemums, daisies, or marigolds, you may be at higher risk. Marshmallow root extract is generally well tolerated for short-term use but human safety data are limited; pregnancy and breastfeeding safety are not established.
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extract is generally well tolerated and does not contain glycyrrhizin (the component that causes problems in regular licorice), but the data advise against it in pregnancy. Breastfeeding safety is not established.
Slippery elm is generally well tolerated short-term but can cause contact dermatitis and is an allergen; pregnancy and breastfeeding data are limited.
Meds to double-check
Moderate interaction found
Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking HBgard if you're on warfarin or other blood thinners (anticoagulants), heart medications like digoxin, blood pressure drugs, diabetes medications, cancer drugs (paclitaxel or cisplatin), the anti-anxiety medication midazolam, lithium, or loop diuretics (water pills). Also separate any other oral medications from this product by 30 to 60 minutes because the mucilage in marshmallow and slippery elm may slow their absorption.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
HBgard may be worth considering if you're looking for herbal support for digestion and cholesterol, particularly the artichoke component. However, if you take blood pressure meds, diabetes drugs, warfarin, digoxin, paclitaxel, cisplatin, midazolam, lithium, or loop diuretics, you need to check with your doctor or pharmacist first—the interactions are real and may change how your medications work.
Talk it over with your own healthcare provider before starting.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 22, 2023.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about HBgard, straight from the product label.
| Brand | HBgard |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 036926427249 |
| Net contents | 60 Vegetarian Capsule(s) |
| Market status | On market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Jun 22, 2023 |
| DSLD ID | 287198 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other, Structure/Function |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating) |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for HBgard by HBgard, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Artichoke Leaf Extract | 320 mg | -- |
| Marshmallow Root Extract | 150 mg | -- |
| Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract | 300 mg | -- |
| Slippery Elm, Powder | 100 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Medium Chain Triglyceride
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use: Adults, take two capsules daily, before a meal or as directed by a healthcare provider.
Precautions
Warning: Not to be taken by pregnant or lactating women. If you have any health condition or are taking any medication, consult your healthcare provider before use.
Individuals with gallstones or bile duct occlusions should avoid use of this product. Discontinue use and consult your healthcare provider if symptoms persist or worsen, or any adverse reaction occurs.
Keep out of reach of children.
Use only if safety seal is intact.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place.
General Statements
Individual results may vary Contents may not fill package in order to accommodate required labeling. Please rely on stated quantity.
Formulation
The herbs use in HBgard have a history of traditional use in the management of occasional heartburn
Daily herbal support Helps manage occasional heartburn
FDA Disclaimer Statement
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Brand IP Statement(s)
All trademarks are owned by Societe des Produits Nestle S.A., Vevey, Switzerland. Copyright 2021 Nestle.
FDA Statement of Identity
Dietary Supplement
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
HBgard by HBgard label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in HBgard by HBgard
These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size2 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Artichoke Leaf Extract
Interacts with363 drugs
Artichoke leaf extract is a generally well-tolerated supplement that may have a mild cholesterol-lowering effect and is often used for indigestion, th...
Artichoke Leaf Extract monograph & interactionsMarshmallow Root Extract
Interacts with2,040 drugs
Marshmallow root is a traditional herb rich in soothing, gel-like fibers called mucilage, which is why it has long been used for coughs, sore throats,...
Marshmallow Root Extract monograph & interactionsDeglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract
Interacts with1,040 drugs
Licorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most uses. Regu...
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract monograph & interactionsSlippery Elm, Powder
Interacts with2,022 drugs
Slippery elm is a traditional herbal remedy made from the inner bark of a North American elm tree, used mainly to soothe sore throats and irritated di...
Slippery Elm, Powder monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Microcrystalline Cellulose, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose, Ascorbyl Palmitate, Medium Chain Triglyceride. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
HBgard by HBgard Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
HBgard contains four herbal ingredients that together interact with medications across multiple categories.
The most serious interaction is through its deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extract: combined with warfarin (Coumadin), a blood thinner, it may reduce warfarin's effectiveness by speeding up how your body breaks it down, putting you at risk of clots.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Artichoke leaf extract may lower blood pressure further when taken with blood pressure medications (antihypertensive drugs), and it may increase the risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) with diabetes medications. It may also raise levels of certain drugs your liver metabolizes through the CYP2C19 and CYP2B6 pathways, though this hasn't been confirmed in humans.
Deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extract interacts with multiple drug types: it may raise levels of drugs cleared through CYP2C19 and CYP2B6, decrease the effect of the heart medication digoxin (Lanoxin), reduce levels of the cancer drug paclitaxel (Abraxane, Onxol), and lower the anti-anxiety medication midazolam (Versed). Loop diuretics (water pills) may enhance unwanted effects when taken with licorice.
Licorice may also reduce the effect of the chemotherapy drug cisplatin (Platinol-AQ).
Both marshmallow root extract and slippery elm contain mucilage that may slow the absorption of your oral medications—separate them by 30 to 60 minutes from this product. Marshmallow may theoretically reduce lithium excretion and raise its levels, and may have minor antiplatelet effects.
No interactions are documented in our data for slippery elm beyond its mucilage effect on drug absorption.
Altogether, these interactions span 2,150 individual medications. Before you start HBgard, check your exact prescriptions with your doctor or pharmacist.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against HBgard?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in HBgard interact with 2,149 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
4 of the 4 ingredients in HBgard interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Marshmallow Root Extract Slippery Elm, Powder Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract Artichoke Leaf Extract
"phentolamineOraVerse, Rogitine, Ryzumvi
How "phentolamine interacts with HBgard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + "phentolamine interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + "phentolamine interaction6-mercaptopurinePurinethol
How 6-mercaptopurine interacts with HBgard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + 6-mercaptopurine interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + 6-mercaptopurine interactionAdo-trastuzumab EmtansineKadcyla
How Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interacts with HBgard — through 1 ingredient. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Ado-trastuzumab Emtansine interactionAbacavirZiagen
How Abacavir interacts with HBgard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abacavir interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Abacavir interactionAbacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, LamivudineTriumeq
How Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interacts with HBgard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine interactionAbacavir, LamivudineEpzicom
How Abacavir, Lamivudine interacts with HBgard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Abacavir, Lamivudine interactionAbciximabReoPro
How Abciximab interacts with HBgard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abciximab interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Abciximab interactionAbemaciclibVerzenio
How Abemaciclib interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abemaciclib interactionDeglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Abemaciclib interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Abemaciclib interactionAbiraterone
How Abiraterone interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abiraterone interactionDeglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Abiraterone interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Abiraterone interactionAbiraterone AcetateYonsa, Zytiga
How Abiraterone Acetate interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abiraterone Acetate interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Abiraterone Acetate interactionAbrocitinibCibinqo
How Abrocitinib interacts with HBgard — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Artichoke Leaf ExtractCytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, artichoke might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Read the full Artichoke Leaf Extract + Abrocitinib interactionDeglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 2c19 (cyp2c19) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 2c9 (cyp2c9) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Abrocitinib interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Abrocitinib interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Abrocitinib interactionAcalabrutinibCalquence
How Acalabrutinib interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acalabrutinib interactionDeglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, P-glycoprotein Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acalabrutinib interactionAcamprosateCampral
How Acamprosate interacts with HBgard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acamprosate interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acamprosate interactionAcarboseGlucobay, Prandase, Precose
How Acarbose interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acarbose interactionArtichoke Leaf ExtractAntidiabetes Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, artichoke leaf extract may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Read the full Artichoke Leaf Extract + Acarbose interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acarbose interactionAcebutololRhotral, Sectral
How Acebutolol interacts with HBgard — through 4 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acebutolol interactionArtichoke Leaf ExtractAntihypertensive Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, artichoke leaf extract may increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
Read the full Artichoke Leaf Extract + Acebutolol interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acebutolol interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acebutolol interactionAcenocoumarolSintrom
How Acenocoumarol interacts with HBgard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acenocoumarol interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acenocoumarol interactionAcepromazineAtravet
How Acepromazine interacts with HBgard — through 2 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acepromazine interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acepromazine interactionAcetaminophenChildren's Tylenol, Children's Tylenol Meltaways, Tylenol, Tylenol Ex Strength
How Acetaminophen interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen interactionDeglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acetaminophen interactionAcetaminophen, AspirinGemnisyn
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs, Anticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionDeglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin interactionAcetaminophen, Aspirin, CaffeineExcedrin, Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Migraine
How Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractAnticoagulant/antiplatelet Drugs, Oral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, marshmallow flower might have antiplatelet effects.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Aspirin, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Brompheniramine, PhenylpropanolamineDimetapp Cold and Flu
How Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionDeglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Brompheniramine, Phenylpropanolamine interactionAcetaminophen, ButalbitalAxocet, Bancap, Bucet, Butex Forte, Esgic CF, Orbivan CF +5 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionDeglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CaffeineEsgic, Esgic Plus, Fiogesic, Fioricet, Repan, Tecnal +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, CodeineEsgic with Codeine, Fioricet w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionDeglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, CodeineBancap w/ Codeine
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionDeglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine PhosphatePhrenilin #3
How Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Slippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionDeglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Butalbital, Codeine Phosphate interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, PhenylephrineHycomine Compound
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Chlorpheniramine, Hydrocodone, Phenylephrine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, CodeineGesic C15, Gesic C30, Gesic C8, Lenoltec 1, Lenoltec 2, Lenoltec 3 +1 more
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, SalicylamideCodalan No.1, Codalan No.2, Codalan No.3
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Codeine, Salicylamide interactionAcetaminophen, Caffeine, DihydrocodeineDHC Plus, Panlor DC, Panlor SS
How Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interacts with HBgard — through 3 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root ExtractCytochrome P450 3a4 (cyp3a4) Substrates, Cytochrome P450 1a2 (cyp1a2) Substrates Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Read the full Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionSlippery Elm, PowderOral Drugs Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Read the full Slippery Elm, Powder + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionMarshmallow Root ExtractOral Drugs Minor
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Read the full Marshmallow Root Extract + Acetaminophen, Caffeine, Dihydrocodeine interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in HBgard with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Marshmallow Root Extract
Lithium
Theoretically, due to potential diuretic effects, marshmallow might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Marshmallow is thought to have diuretic properties. To avoid lithium toxicity, the dose of lithium might need to be decreased when used with marshmallow.
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs
Theoretically, marshmallow flower might have antiplatelet effects.
Animal research suggests that marshmallow flower extract has antiplatelet effects. However, the root and leaf of marshmallow, not the flower, are the plant parts most commonly found in dietary supplements. Theoretically, use of marshmallow flower with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs can have additive effects, and might increase the risk for bleeding in some patients.
Oral Drugs
Theoretically, mucilage in marshmallow might impair absorption of oral drugs.
Marshmallow contains mucilage which can affect oral drug absorption. To avoid changes in absorption, take marshmallow 30-60 minutes after oral medications.
Slippery Elm, Powder
Oral Drugs
Theoretically, slippery elm may slow the absorption and reduce serum levels of oral drugs.
Slippery elm inner bark contains mucilage, which may interfere with the absorption of orally administered drugs.
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice Root Extract
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of antihypertensive drugs.
In human research, licorice increases blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner.
Cisplatin (Platinol-Aq)
Theoretically, licorice might reduce the effects of cisplatin.
In animal research, licorice diminished the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin.
Corticosteroids
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice and corticosteroids might increase the side effects of corticosteroids.
Case reports suggest that concomitant use of licorice and oral corticosteroids, such as hydrocortisone, can potentiate the duration of activity and increase blood levels of corticosteroids. Additionally, in one case report, a patient with neurogenic orthostatic hypertension stabilized on fludrocortisone 0.1 mg twice daily developed pseudohyperaldosteronism after recent consumption of large amounts of black licorice.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that licorice extract and glabridin, a licorice constituent, inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes. Licorice extract from the species G. uralensis seems to inhibit CYP2B6 isoenzymes to a greater degree than G. glabra extract in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6; however, these interactions have not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro, licorice extracts from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibit CYP2C19 isoenzymes in vitro. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 (Cyp2C8) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8.
In vitro, licorice extract from the species G. glabra and G. uralensis inhibits CYP2C8 isoenzymes. Theoretically, these species of licorice might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C8; however, this interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
There is conflicting evidence about the effect of licorice on CYP2C9 enzyme activity. In vitro research shows that extracts from the licorice species G. glabra and G. uralensis moderately inhibit CYP2C9 isoenzymes. However, evidence from an animal model shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis can induce hepatic CYP2C9 activity. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP2C9 substrates.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Pharmacokinetic research shows that the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin, taken in a dosage of 150 mg orally twice daily for 14 days, modestly decreases the area under the concentration-time curve of midazolam by about 20%. Midazolam is a substrate of CYP3A4, suggesting that glycyrrhizin modestly induces CYP3A4 activity. Animal research also shows that licorice extract from the species G. uralensis induces CYP3A4 activity. However, licorice extract from G. glabra species appear to inhibit CYP3A4-induced metabolism of testosterone in vitro. It is thought that the G. glabra inhibits CYP3A4 due to its constituent glabridin, which is a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor in vitro and not present in other licorice species. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking CYP3A4 substrates.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with digoxin might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity.
Overuse or misuse of licorice with cardiac glycoside therapy might increase the risk of cardiac toxicity due to potassium loss.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of licorice with diuretic drugs might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Overuse of licorice might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. In one case report, a 72-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, arrhythmia, stroke, and hepatic dysfunction was hospitalized with severe hypokalemia and uncontrolled hypertension due to pseudohyperaldosteronism. This was thought to be provoked by concomitant daily consumption of a product containing 225 mg of glycyrrhizin, a constituent of licorice, and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for 1 month.
Estrogens
Theoretically, licorice might increase or decrease the effects of estrogen therapy.
Theoretically, licorice might interfere with estrogen therapy due to estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects.
Loop Diuretics
Theoretically, loop diuretics might increase the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice.
Theoretically, loop diuretics might enhance the mineralocorticoid effects of licorice by inhibiting the enzyme that converts cortisol to cortisone; however, bumetanide (Bumex) does not appear to have this effect.
Midazolam (Versed)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease levels of midazolam.
In humans, the licorice constituent glycyrrhizin appears to moderately induce the metabolism of midazolam. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 by licorice. Until more is known, licorice should be used cautiously in people taking midazolam.
P-Glycoprotein Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the absorption of P-glycoprotein substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice can increase P-glycoprotein activity.
Paclitaxel (Abraxane, Onxol)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of paclitaxel.
Multiple doses of licorice taken concomitantly with paclitaxel might reduce the effectiveness of paclitaxel. Animal research shows that licorice 3 grams/kg given orally for 14 days before intravenous administration of paclitaxel decreases the exposure to paclitaxel and increases its clearance. Theoretically, this occurs because licorice induces cytochrome P450 3A4 enzymes, which metabolize paclitaxel. Notably, a single dose of licorice did not affect exposure or clearance of paclitaxel.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, licorice might decrease plasma levels and clinical effects of warfarin.
Licorice seems to increase metabolism and decrease levels of warfarin in animal models. This is likely due to induction of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) metabolism by licorice. Advise patients taking warfarin to avoid taking licorice.
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates
Theoretically, licorice might decrease the levels and clinical effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that licorice induces CYP1A2 enzymes.
Methotrexate (Trexall, Others)
Theoretically, licorice might increase levels of methotrexate.
Animal research suggests that intravenous administration of glycyrrhizin, a licorice constituent, and high-dose methotrexate may delay methotrexate excretion and increase systemic exposure, leading to transient elevations in liver enzymes and total bilirubin. This interaction has not yet been reported in humans.
Artichoke Leaf Extract
Antidiabetes Drugs
Theoretically, artichoke leaf extract may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
A meta-analysis of small clinical studies shows that taking artichoke leaf extract for 8-12 weeks can modestly reduce fasting plasma glucose when compared with placebo.
Antihypertensive Drugs
Theoretically, artichoke leaf extract may increase the risk of hypotension when taken with antihypertensive drugs.
A meta-analysis of small clinical studies in patients with hypertension shows that taking artichoke can reduce systolic blood pressure by around 3 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by around 2 mmHg when compared with placebo.
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates
Theoretically, artichoke might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6.
In vitro research shows that artichoke leaf extract inhibits CYP2B6 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates
Theoretically, artichoke might increase serum levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C19.
In vitro research shows that artichoke leaf extract inhibits CYP2C19 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for HBgard, from the product label.
HBgard
See all HBgard products- Name
- Nestle HealthCare Nutrition, Inc.
- City
- Bridgewater
- State
- NJ
- ZipCode
- 08807
- Phone Number
- 1-855-488-4273
- Web Address
- www.HBGARD.com
HBgard by HBgard: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind HBgard’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Artichoke
Interacts with 363 drugsArtichoke leaf extract is a generally well-tolerated supplement that may have a mild cholesterol-lowering effect and is often used for indigestion, though the evidence is modest. It is not a...
Read the full Artichoke monograph → Herb & supplement monographMarshmallow
Interacts with 2,040 drugsMarshmallow root is a traditional herb rich in soothing, gel-like fibers called mucilage, which is why it has long been used for coughs, sore throats, and stomach irritation. Evidence for th...
Read the full Marshmallow monograph → Herb & supplement monographLicorice
Interacts with 1,040 drugsLicorice root is a traditional remedy used for sore throats, coughs, and digestive complaints, but solid human evidence is limited for most uses. Regular licorice contains glycyrrhizin, whic...
Read the full Licorice monograph → Herb & supplement monographSlippery Elm
Interacts with 2,022 drugsSlippery elm is a traditional herbal remedy made from the inner bark of a North American elm tree, used mainly to soothe sore throats and irritated digestive tracts. Its mucilage can coat an...
Read the full Slippery Elm monograph →Sources & How We Checked
HBgard's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 116 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Artichoke 16 references
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- Walker AF, Middleton RW, Petrowicz O. Artichoke leaf extract reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a post-marketing surveillance study. Phytother Res 2001;15:58-61. PubMed
- Pittler MH, White AR, Stevinson C, Ernst E. Effectiveness of artichoke extract in preventing alcohol-induced hangovers: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ 2003;169:1269-73.
- Romano, C., Ferrara, A., and Falagiani, P. A case of allergy to globe artichoke and other clinical cases of rare food allergy. J Investig.Allergol.Clin Immunol. 2000;10(2):102-104.
- Miralles, J. C., Garcia-Sells, J., Bartolome, B., and Negro, J. M. Occupational rhinitis and bronchial asthma due to artichoke (Cynara scolymus). Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003;91(1):92-95. PubMed
- Franck, P., Moneret-Vautrin, D. A., Morisset, M., Kanny, G., Megret-Gabeaux, M. L., and Olivier, J. L. Anaphylactic reaction to inulin: first identification of specific IgEs to an inulin protein compound. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2005;136(2):155-158. PubMed
- Meding, B. Allergic contact dermatitis from artichoke, Cynara scolymus. Contact Dermatitis 1983;9(4):314.
- Quirce, S., Tabar, A. I., Olaguibel, J. M., and Cuevas, M. Occupational contact urticaria syndrome caused by globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996;97(2):710-711. PubMed
- Held C. Von der 1. Deutsche-Ungarischen Phytopharmakon-Konferenz, Budapest, 20. November 1991. Z Klin Med 1992;47:92-93.
- Barrat E, Zaïr Y, Ogier N, et al. A combined natural supplement lowers LDL cholesterol in subjects with moderate untreated hypercholesterolemia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2013;64(7):882-9. PubMed
- Huber R, Müller M, Naumann J, Schenk T, Lüdtke R. Artichoke leave extract for chronic hepatitis C - a pilot study. Phytomedicine. 2009 Sep;16(9):801-4. PubMed
- Caputo F, Barranco R, Bonsignore A, Fraternali Orcioni G, Ventura F. A rare case of fatal bowel obstruction secondary to a colonic bezoar. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2018;39(1):38-40. PubMed
- Elsebai MF, Abass K, Hakkola J, Atawia AR, Farag MA. The wild Egyptian artichoke as a promising functional food for the treatment of hepatitis C virus as revealed via UPLC-MS and clinical trials. Food Funct. 2016;7(7):3006-16. PubMed
- Moradi M, Sohrabi G, Golbidi M, et al. Effects of artichoke on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2021;57:102668. PubMed
- Jalili C, Moradi S, Babaei A, et al. Effects of Cynara scolymus L. on glycemic indices: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Complement Ther Med 2020;52:102496. PubMed
- Gallo R, Oddenino G, Trave I, Gasparini G, Guadagno A, Parodi A. Contact sensitivity to sesquiterpene lactone mix and artichoke in a patient with severe recurrent dermatitis: A puzzling case. Contact Dermatitis 2023;88(2):156-158. PubMed
Marshmallow 5 references
- Monographs on the medicinal uses of plant drugs. Exeter, UK: European Scientific Co-op Phytother, 1997.
- Leung AY, Foster S. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics. 2nd ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Hage-Sleiman R, Mroueh M, Daher CF. Pharmacological evaluation of aqueous extract of Althaea officinalis flower grown in Lebanon. Pharm Biol 2011;49(3):327-33.
Licorice 92 references
- Farese RV Jr, Biglieri EG, Shackleton CH, et al. Licorice-induced hypermineralocorticoidism. N Engl J Med 1991;325:1223-7. PubMed
- Sigurjonsdottir HA, Ragnarsson J, Franzson L, Sigurdsson G. Is blood pressure commonly raised by moderate consumption of liquorice? J Hum Hypertens 1995;9:345-8.
- Armanini D, Lewicka S, Pratesi C, et al. Further studies on the mechanism of the mineralocorticoid action of licorice in humans. J Endocrinol Invest 1996;19:624-9. PubMed
- Zhang YD, Lorenzo B, Reidenberg MM. Inhibition of 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase obtained from guinea pig kidney by furosemide, naringenin and some other compounds. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1994;49:81-5.
- Strandberg TE, Jarvenpaa AL, Vanhanen H, McKeigue PM. Birth outcome in relation to licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2001;153:1085-8. PubMed
- Sigurjonsdottir HA, Franzson L, Manhem K, et al. Liquorice-induced rise in blood pressure: a linear dose-response relationship. J Hum Hypertens 2001;15:549-52. PubMed
- Amato P, Christophe S, Mellon PL. Estrogenic activity of herbs commonly used as remedies for menopausal symptoms. Menopause 2002;9:145-50. PubMed
- Kent UM, Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Hollenberg PF. The licorice root derived isoflavan glabridin inhibits the activities of human cytochrome P450S 3A4, 2B6, and 2C9. Drug Metab Dispos 2002;30:709-15.. PubMed
- Yoshida S, Takayama Y. Licorice-induced hypokalemia as a treatable cause of dropped head syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2003;105:286-7.. PubMed
- Strandberg TE, Andersson S, Jarvenpaa AL, et al. Preterm birth and licorice consumption during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:803-5.. PubMed
- Hussain RM. The sweet cake that reaches parts other cakes can't! Postgrad Med J 2003;79:115-6.. PubMed
- Morris DJ, Davis E, Latif SA. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:849-50. PubMed
- Quinkler M, Stewart PM. Hypertension and the cortisol-cortisone shuttle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2384-92. PubMed
- Westman EC, Guthrie GP. Licorice, tobacco chewing, and hypertension. N Engl J Med 1990;322:850. PubMed
- Mu Y, Zhang J, Zhang S, et al. Traditional Chinese medicines Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra chinensis Baill) and Gan Cao (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) activate pregnane X receptor and increase warfarin clearance in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;316:1369-77. PubMed
- Yasue H, Itoh T, Mizuno Y, Harada E. Severe hypokalemia, rhabdomyolysis, muscle paralysis, and respiratory impairment in a hypertensive patient taking herbal medicines containing licorice. Intern Med 2007;46:575-8. PubMed
- Brayley J, Jones J. Life-threatening hypokalemia associated with excessive licorice ingestion (letter). Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:617-8. PubMed
- de Klerk GJ, Nieuwenhuis G, Beutler JJ. Hypokalaemia and hypertension associated with use of liquorice flavoured chewing gum. BMJ 1997;314:731-2.
- Dellow EL, Unwin RJ, Honour JW. Pontefract cakes can be bad for you: refractory hypertension and liquorice excess. Nephol Dial Transplant 1999;14:218-20. PubMed
- Elinav E, Chajek-Shaul T. Licorice consumption causing severe hypokalemic paralysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78:767-8. PubMed
- Eriksson JW, Carlberg B, Hillom V. Life-threatening ventricular tachycardia due to liquorice-induced hypokalemia. J Intern Med 1999;245:307-10.
- Janse A, van Iersel M, Hoefnagels WH, Olde Rikker MG. The old lady who liked liquorice: hypertension due to chronic intoxication in a memory-impaired patient. Neth J Med 2005;63:149-50.
- Lin SH, Yang SS, Chau T, Halperin ML. An unusual cause of hypokalemic paralysis: chronic licorice ingestion. Am J Med Sci 2003;325:153-6. PubMed
- van den Bosch AE, van der Klooster JM, Zuidgeest DM, et al. Severe hypokalemic paralysis and rhabdomyolysis due to ingestion of liquorice. Neth J Med 2005;63:146-8.
- van Uum SH. Liquorice and hypertension. Neth J Med 2005;63:119-20.
- Russo S, Mastropasqua M, Mosetti MA, et al. Low doses of liquorice can induce hypertension encephalopathy. Am J Nephrol 2000;20:145-8. PubMed
- Stormer FC, Reistad R, Alexander J. Glycyrrhizic acid in liquorice - evaluation of health hazard. Food Chem Toxicol 1993;31:303-12. PubMed
- Sontia B, Mooney J, Gaudet L, Touyz RM. Pseudohyperaldosteronism, liquorice, and hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008;10:153-7. PubMed
- Francini-Pesenti F, Puato M, Piccoli A, Brocadello F. Liquorice-induced hypokalaemia and water retention in the absence of hypertension. Phytother Res 2008;22:563-5. PubMed
- Lapi F, Gallo E, Bernasconi S, et al. Myopathies associated with red yeast rice and liquorice: spontaneous reports from the Italian Surveillance System of Natural Health Products. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;66:572-4. PubMed
- Chen MF, Shimada F, Kato H, Yano S, Kanaoka M. Effect of glycyrrhizin on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following low dosage of prednisolone hemisuccinate. Endocrinol Jpn 1990;37:331-41. PubMed
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