Herbal Laxative Ingredients & Drug Interactions
What is this page for?
First and foremost: checking Herbal Laxative against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.
Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy
Herbal Laxative is a dietary supplement by Thorne Research with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for constipation, bowel cleansing before procedures, hemorrhoids.Based on those ingredients, 1,102 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Cascara Sagrada extract, Chinese Rhubarb extract, Senna extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.
Check Your Meds Against Herbal Laxative by Thorne Research
Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Herbal Laxative by Thorne Research — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.
AI summaries are generated from our interaction database for education only — always confirm with your pharmacist. How we use AI
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Herbal Laxative by Thorne Research
Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.
What’s inside
Full disclosure
This product contains five active ingredients: Cascara Sagrada extract, Frangula extract, Blue Flag, Chinese Rhubarb extract, and Senna extract. All of them are stimulant laxatives — herbs that work by activating the bowel to produce a bowel movement.
The product also contains three inactive ingredients (hypromellose capsule, leucine, and silicon dioxide), which serve as the capsule and flow agents.
Does it work?
Strong evidence
The evidence for this product is limited. Senna extract is rated Likely Effective for constipation.
Cascara Sagrada is rated Possibly Ineffective for bowel preparation, and Possibly Effective for pancreatitis and menopausal symptoms — though the latter uses are outside what most people take a laxative for. Chinese Rhubarb is rated Possibly Effective for pancreatitis and menopausal symptoms, and Possibly Effective for bowel preparation.
For constipation itself, the data we hold rates Cascara Sagrada, Chinese Rhubarb, and Senna as having Insufficient Reliable Evidence — meaning the evidence isn't strong enough to confirm they work for that purpose.
How safe is it?
Well-documented data
When used short-term and at standard doses, these ingredients are generally well tolerated. The most common side effects are mild abdominal cramping, discomfort, and diarrhea.
However, long-term use carries real risks. Cascara Sagrada, Chinese Rhubarb, and Senna can all cause electrolyte loss (especially potassium), and with chronic use may lead to kidney damage, muscle loss (cachexia), or — rarely — liver damage.
Blue Flag can cause nausea, vomiting, and irritation of the throat when fresh. During pregnancy, Cascara Sagrada, Blue Flag, and Chinese Rhubarb should be avoided due to potential toxicity and lack of safety data.
Senna is rated Possibly Safe in pregnancy, but only under medical guidance. For breastfeeding, avoid Cascara Sagrada and Blue Flag — active compounds may pass into breast milk.
Senna is rated Possibly Safe while nursing. Chinese Rhubarb should also be avoided while breastfeeding.
Meds to double-check
Major interaction found
Before taking this product, check with your pharmacist if you take digoxin (Lanoxin) — Blue Flag poses a Major interaction risk. Also double-check if you take warfarin (Coumadin) or other blood thinners, water pills (diuretics), corticosteroids, kidney-damaging or liver-damaging medications, cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), or birth control pills (estrogens).
These all carry Moderate interactions with one or more ingredients in this blend.
The bottom line
Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with clinical evidence supporting its stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.
This is a stimulant laxative blend best used short-term for occasional constipation, not as a daily routine. If you take heart medications (digoxin, warfarin), water pills, corticosteroids, birth control, or any prescription drug, check your medications below before starting.
Anyone with kidney or liver disease, or planning pregnancy or breastfeeding, should talk with their pharmacist first.
Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI
Assessment coverage: 5 of 5 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Dec 21, 2012.
This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed
General information
Key facts about Herbal Laxative, straight from the product label.
| Brand | Thorne Research |
|---|---|
| Barcode (UPC) | 693749768029 |
| Net contents | 90 Vegetarian Capsule(s) |
| Market status | Off market |
| Date entered into DSLD | Dec 21, 2012 |
| DSLD ID | 16088 |
| Product type | Botanical |
| Supplement form | Capsule |
| Dietary claims / uses | All Other |
| Intended target group(s) | Adult (18 - 50 Years), No Allergies |
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.
Supplement Facts
The label details for Herbal Laxative by Thorne Research, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.
Supplement Facts
| Ingredient | Amount | % DV |
|---|---|---|
| Cascara Sagrada extract | 125 mg | -- |
| Frangula extract | 15 mg | -- |
| Blue Flag | 50 mg | -- |
| Chinese Rhubarb extract | 25 mg | -- |
| Senna extract | 10 mg | -- |
Other ingredients: Hypromellose (derived from Cellulose) Capsule, Leucine, Silicon Dioxide
Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity
DIETARY SUPPLEMENT
Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions
Suggested Use: Take 1 capsule daily as needed or as recommended by your health-care practitioner.
Precautions
Tamper Evident: Use only if bottle is sealed.
WARNING: If pregnant, nursing, or trying to conceive, do not use this product.
All of Herbal Laxative’s ingredients have laxative-like properties. Do not use if you are having abdominal pain or diarrhea. Discontinue use if you begin to experience diarrhea or watery stools. Do not exceed the Suggested Use. Not for long-term use.
Storage
Store tightly sealed in a cool, dry place.
General Statements
Frangula purshiana standardized to Cascarosides 80%. Rheum PE 5:1. Frangula alnus PE 4:1. Senna standardized to Sennosides 20%.
Seals/Symbols
(image)(R)HYPOALLERGENIC
General
SF768 LSF76808
Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.
Herbal Laxative by Thorne Research label
The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.
Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.
View the full label (PDF)The Ingredients in Herbal Laxative by Thorne Research
These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.
Serving size1 Capsule(s) Dosage formCapsule Amounts shown are per serving.
Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.
Cascara Sagrada extract
Interacts with745 drugs
Cascara sagrada is a stimulant laxative made from the aged bark of a Pacific Northwest tree, used mainly for short-term relief of constipation. Becaus...
Cascara Sagrada extract monograph & interactionsFrangula extract
Interacts with122 drugs
Alder buckthorn bark is a stimulant laxative traditionally used for short-term relief of constipation. It can work, but it carries real risks with pro...
Frangula extract monograph & interactionsBlue Flag
Interacts with78 drugs
Blue Flag is a flowering plant whose root has been used in traditional and herbal medicine for skin and digestive complaints, but there is very little...
Blue Flag monograph & interactionsChinese Rhubarb extract
Interacts with658 drugs
Rhubarb root has a long history of use as a laxative and in traditional Chinese medicine, and its edible stalks are a common food. Most medicinal clai...
Chinese Rhubarb extract monograph & interactionsSenna extract
Interacts with140 drugs
Senna is a plant-based stimulant laxative that is widely used and generally effective for short-term relief of constipation. It is best used occasiona...
Senna extract monograph & interactionsOther (inactive) ingredients: Hypromellose (derived from Cellulose) Capsule, Leucine, Silicon Dioxide. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.
Herbal Laxative by Thorne Research Drug Interactions
HelloPharmacist Interaction Report
Herbal Laxative by Thorne Research contains five ingredients, and we've documented interactions with a substantial number of medications.
The most serious interaction is Blue Flag with digoxin (Lanoxin), a heart medication — this is rated Major severity. Overuse of blue flag raises the risk of serious adverse effects from digoxin.
Read the full breakdown — every affected drug type, severity by severity
Cascara Sagrada, Chinese Rhubarb, and Senna all interact with several drug types at Moderate severity. All three can increase the risk of low potassium (hypokalemia) when combined with corticosteroids or water pills (diuretics), which is particularly risky because low potassium can worsen heart rhythm problems.
All three also interact with blood thinners like warfarin — their laxative effects can cause diarrhea, which speeds up how warfarin works and raises bleeding risk. Cascara Sagrada and Chinese Rhubarb can increase digoxin toxicity risk through potassium depletion.
Chinese Rhubarb also poses a theoretical risk with kidney-damaging drugs (nephrotoxic drugs) and liver-damaging drugs (hepatotoxic drugs), and may reduce cyclosporine levels. Senna can interfere with birth control pill absorption and increase risk with other stimulant laxatives.
Altogether, these interactions span 1,083 individual medications. We could not check Frangula extract — no interaction data is on file for it.
Use the medication checker below to look up your exact prescriptions before starting this product.
Check your own medications below · Editorial policy · How we use AI
Want to check YOUR meds against Herbal Laxative?
Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.
Go to the checkerIngredients driving the most interactions
Individual Drug Interactions
The ingredients in Herbal Laxative interact with 1,102 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.
5 of the 5 ingredients in Herbal Laxative interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Cascara Sagrada extract Chinese Rhubarb extract Senna extract Frangula extract Blue Flag
DigoxinDigitek, Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin
How Digoxin interacts with Herbal Laxative — through 5 ingredients. Tap an ingredient for the detail:
Blue FlagDigoxin (lanoxin) Major
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, overuse or abuse of this product increases the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycoside drugs.
Read the full Blue Flag + Digoxin interactionCascara Sagrada ExtractDigoxin (lanoxin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, cascara sagrada might cause hypokalemia, potentially increasing the risk of digoxin toxicity.
Read the full Cascara Sagrada Extract + Digoxin interactionChinese Rhubarb ExtractDigoxin (lanoxin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, overuse of rhubarb might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with digoxin.
Read the full Chinese Rhubarb Extract + Digoxin interactionSenna ExtractDigoxin (lanoxin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with digoxin.
Read the full Senna Extract + Digoxin interactionFrangula ExtractDigoxin (lanoxin) Moderate
Interaction Summary
Alder buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects.
Read the full Frangula Extract + Digoxin interactionEach ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects
For each ingredient in Herbal Laxative with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.
Cascara Sagrada extract
Corticosteroids
Theoretically, cascara sagrada might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with corticosteroids.
Cascara sagrada has stimulant laxative effects, and long-term use has been associated with hypokalemia.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, cascara sagrada might cause hypokalemia, potentially increasing the risk of digoxin toxicity.
Cascara sagrada has stimulant laxative effects, and long-term use has been associated with hypokalemia.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, cascara sagrada might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Cascara sagrada has stimulant laxative effects, and long-term use has been associated with hypokalemia.
Stimulant Laxatives
Theoretically, cascara sagrada might have additive adverse effects when taken with stimulant laxatives.
Cascara sagrada has stimulant laxative effects and might compound fluid and electrolyte losses when taken with stimulant laxatives.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, cascara sagrada might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
Cascara sagrada has stimulant laxative effects. In some people, cascara sagrada can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates
Theoretically, cascara sagrada might decrease the effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research suggests that cascara sagrada can induce CYP3A4 enzymes, albeit to a much lower degree than rifampin, a known CYP3A4 inducer.
Chinese Rhubarb extract
Corticosteroids
Theoretically, frequent and high doses of rhubarb might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with corticosteroids.
Rhubarb has stimulant laxative effects. Overuse of rhubarb might compound corticosteroid-induced potassium loss.
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
Theoretically, taking rhubarb with cyclosporine might reduce cyclosporine levels.
Animal research shows that co-administration of rhubarb decoction 0.25 or 1 gram/kg with cyclosporine 2.5 mg/kg, decreases cyclosporine maximum plasma concentration and overall exposure levels when compared with taking cyclosporine alone. The authors theorize that rhubarb might reduce cyclosporine bioavailability by inducing of P-glycoprotein and/or cytochrome P450 3A4. However, since rhubarb was administered as a single oral dose and enzyme induction usually occurs after multiple doses, it is possible that cyclosporine absorption was actually reduced via rhubarb's stimulant laxative effects. Also, the composition of the rhubarb decoction was not described.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, overuse of rhubarb might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with digoxin.
Rhubarb has stimulant laxative effects. Overuse of rhubarb might cause potassium depletion, increasing the risk of digoxin toxicity.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, frequent and high doses of rhubarb might increase the risk of hypokalemia.
Rhubarb has stimulant laxative effects. Overuse of rhubarb might cause potassium depletion and compound diuretic-induced potassium loss.
Hepatotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, concomitant use of rhubarb with potentially hepatotoxic drugs might increase the risk of developing liver damage.
Some animal research suggests that anthraquinones in rhubarb might have hepatotoxic effects. Also, rhubarb use has been linked to at least 24 cases of liver injury, although details on the dose of rhubarb and duration of use in these cases is unclear.
Nephrotoxic Drugs
Theoretically, long-term use of anthraquinones from rhubarb might increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when used with nephrotoxic drugs.
The anthraquinone constituents of rhubarb have been shown to induce nephrotoxicity in animal research. Additionally, in a case report, a 23-year old female presented with kidney failure after taking 6 tablets of a proprietary slimming agent (found to contain the anthraquinones emodin and aloe-emodin from rhubarb) daily for 6 weeks and then adding diclofenac 25 mg 4 times daily for 2 days. The authors postulate that the anthraquinone constituents of rhubarb contributed to the renal dysfunction, and the addition of diclofenac, a nephrotoxic drug, led to renal failure. Until more is known, advise patients to avoid taking rhubarb if they are taking other potentially nephrotoxic drugs.
Stimulant Laxatives
Theoretically, rhubarb might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Rhubarb has stimulant laxative effects. Concomitant use with stimulant laxatives might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, excessive use of rhubarb might increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.
Rhubarb has stimulant laxative effects and can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Advise patients who take warfarin not to take excessive amounts of rhubarb.
Senna extract
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of adverse effects when taken with digoxin.
Overuse/abuse of senna increases the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycosides, such as digoxin, due to potassium depletion.
Diuretic Drugs
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk of hypokalemia when taken with diuretic drugs.
Overuse of senna might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss and increase the risk for hypokalemia.
Estrogens
Theoretically, taking senna may interfere with the absorption of exogenous estrogens.
Some preliminary clinical evidence suggests that senna reduces the absorption of estradiol and decreases serum concentrations of estrone and estrone sulfate by decreasing intestinal transit time.
Stimulant Laxatives
Theoretically, senna might increase the risk for fluid and electrolyte loss when taken with other stimulant laxatives.
Senna is a stimulant laxative; concomitant use with other stimulant laxatives might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Theoretically, excessive use of senna might increase the effects of warfarin.
Senna has stimulant laxative effects and can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. In one case report, excessive use of senna for 3 weeks resulted in diarrhea, bloody stools, and an elevated INR of 11.9.
Frangula extract
Corticosteroids
Alder buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects. Theoretically, concomitant use of corticosteroids with alder buckthorn can increase the risk of potassium depletion.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Alder buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects. Theoretically, potassium depletion associated with alder buckthorn might increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.
Diuretic Drugs
Alder buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects. Theoretically, overuse of alder buckthorn might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. There is some concern that people taking alder buckthorn along with potassium depleting diuretics might have an increased risk for hypokalemia.
Some diuretics that can deplete potassium include chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Thalitone), furosemide (Lasix), and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, HydroDIURIL, Microzide), and others.
Stimulant Laxatives
Alder buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects. Concomitant use with stimulant laxative medications might compound fluid and electrolyte loss.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Alder buckthorn has stimulant laxative effects. In some people alder buckthorn can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Advise patients who take warfarin not to take excessive amounts of alder buckthorn.
Blue Flag
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Theoretically, overuse or abuse of this product increases the risk of adverse effects from cardiac glycoside drugs.
Diuretic Drugs
Overuse of blue flag might compound diuretic-induced potassium loss. There is some concern that people taking blue flag along with potassium depleting diuretics might have an increased risk for hypokalemia. Initiation of potassium supplementation or an increase in potassium supplement dose may be necessary for some patients. Some diuretics that can deplete potassium include chlorothiazide (Diuril), chlorthalidone (Thalitone), furosemide (Lasix), hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Hydrodiuril, Microzide), and others.
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Blue flag has stimulant laxative effects. In some people blue flag can cause diarrhea. Diarrhea can increase the effects of warfarin, increase international normalized ratio (INR), and increase the risk of bleeding. Advise patients who take warfarin not to take excessive amounts of blue flag.
Brand information
Manufacturer and brand details for Herbal Laxative, from the product label.
Thorne Research
See all Thorne Research products- Name
- Thorne Research, Inc.
- Street Address
- P.O. Box 25
- City
- Dover
- State
- Idaho
- ZipCode
- 83825
- Phone Number
- 1-800-228-1966
- Web Address
- www.thorne.com
Herbal Laxative by Thorne Research: Common Questions
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Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy
Not sure if Herbal Laxative is safe with your meds?
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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.
The Full Monographs Behind Herbal Laxative’s Ingredients
Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.
Cascara Sagrada
Interacts with 745 drugsCascara sagrada is a stimulant laxative made from the aged bark of a Pacific Northwest tree, used mainly for short-term relief of constipation. Because it can cause cramping, dehydration, an...
Read the full Cascara Sagrada monograph → Herb & supplement monographAlder Buckthorn
Interacts with 122 drugsAlder buckthorn bark is a stimulant laxative traditionally used for short-term relief of constipation. It can work, but it carries real risks with prolonged use, including bowel damage, and...
Read the full Alder Buckthorn monograph → Herb & supplement monographBlue Flag
Interacts with 78 drugsBlue Flag is a flowering plant whose root has been used in traditional and herbal medicine for skin and digestive complaints, but there is very little modern scientific evidence to support t...
Read the full Blue Flag monograph → Herb & supplement monographRhubarb
Interacts with 658 drugsRhubarb root has a long history of use as a laxative and in traditional Chinese medicine, and its edible stalks are a common food. Most medicinal claims are backed by limited or low-quality...
Read the full Rhubarb monograph → Herb & supplement monographSenna
Interacts with 140 drugsSenna is a plant-based stimulant laxative that is widely used and generally effective for short-term relief of constipation. It is best used occasionally and for only a few days at a time, s...
Read the full Senna monograph →Sources & How We Checked
Herbal Laxative's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.
- NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) — The official product label on file for this supplement.
- Natural Medicines (Therapeutic Research Center) — Evidence-graded clinical reference behind the ingredient interaction data.
Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.
The 84 references behind this product’s interaction data
Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.
Cascara Sagrada 9 references
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Covington TR, et al. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs. 11th ed. Washington, DC: American Pharmaceutical Association, 1996.
- Nusko G, Schneider B, Schneider I, et al. Anthranoid laxative use is not a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia: results of a prospective case control study. Gut 2000;46:651-5. PubMed
- Nadir A, Reddy D, Van Thiel DH. Cascara-sagrada induced intrahepatic cholestasis causing portal hypertension: case report and review of herbal hepatotoxicity. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:3634-7. PubMed
- Nakasone ES, Tokeshi J. A serendipitous find: a case of cholangiocarcinoma identified incidentally after acute liver injury due to cascara sagrada ingestion. Hawaii J Med Public Health 2015;74(6):200-2.
- Cirillo C, Capasso R. Constipation and botanical medicines: an overview. Phytother Res 2015;29(10):1488-93. PubMed
- Mazzari ALDA, Lacerda MG, Milton FA, et al. In vitro effects of European and Latin-American medicinal plants in CYP3A4 gene expression, glutathione levels, and P-glycoprotein activity. Front Pharmacol 2022;13:826395. PubMed
Alder Buckthorn 10 references
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
- Tyler VE. Herbs of Choice. Binghamton, NY: Pharmaceutical Products Press, 1994.
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physician's Guide to Herbal Medicine. Terry C. Telger, transl. 3rd ed. Berlin, GER: Springer, 1998.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Nusko G, Schneider B, Schneider I, et al. Anthranoid laxative use is not a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia: results of a prospective case control study. Gut 2000;46:651-5. PubMed
- Siegers, C. P., Hertzberg-Lottin, E., Otte, M., and Schneider, B. Anthranoid laxative abuse--a risk for colorectal cancer? Gut 1993;34(8):1099-1101. PubMed
- van Gorkom, B. A., de Vries, E. G., Karrenbeld, A., and Kleibeuker, J. H. Review article: anthranoid laxatives and their potential carcinogenic effects. Aliment.Pharmacol Ther 1999;13(4):443-452. PubMed
- Willems, M., van Buuren, H. R., and de, Krijger R. Anthranoid self-medication causing rapid development of melanosis coli. Neth.J Med 2003;61(1):22-24.
Blue Flag 3 references
- Newall CA, Anderson LA, Philpson JD. Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London, UK: The Pharmaceutical Press, 1996.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
Rhubarb 20 references
- Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
- McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
- Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
- Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions. 2nd ed. Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications, 1998.
- Nusko G, Schneider B, Schneider I, et al. Anthranoid laxative use is not a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia: results of a prospective case control study. Gut 2000;46:651-5. PubMed
- Kwan TH, Tong MK, Leung KT, et al. Acute renal failure associated with prolonged intake of slimming pills containing anthraquinones. Hong Kong Med J 2006;12:394-7.
- Fairbairn JW. The anthraquinone laxatives. Biological assay and its relation to chemical structure. Pharmacology 1976;14:48-61. PubMed
- Siegers, C. P., Hertzberg-Lottin, E., Otte, M., and Schneider, B. Anthranoid laxative abuse--a risk for colorectal cancer? Gut 1993;34(8):1099-1101. PubMed
- Fan, J. G. Evaluating the efficacy and safety of Danning Pian in the short-term treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a multicenter clinical trial. Hepatobiliary.Pancreat.Dis.Int 2004;3(3):375-380.
- Yan, M., Zhang, L. Y., Sun, L. X., Jiang, Z. Z., and Xiao, X. H. Nephrotoxicity study of total rhubarb anthraquinones on Sprague Dawley rats using DNA microarrays. J Ethnopharmacol. 4-15-2006; PubMed
- Zhang, J. H., Li, L. S., and Zhang, M. Clinical effects of rheum and captopril on preventing progression of chronic renal failure. Chin Med J (Engl.) 1990;103(10):788-793.
- Mitsuma, T., Yokozawa, T., Oura, H., and Terasawa, K. [Rhubarb therapy in patients with chronic renal failure (Part 2)]. Nippon Jinzo Gakkai Shi 1987;29(2):195-207.
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