Major interaction on record — check this product against your medications before combining. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Synergy

Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Major
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Major

Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor is a dietary supplement by Synergy with 4 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for body and breath odor control, wound and skin care, internal deodorant for ostomy or incontinence.Based on those ingredients, 1,150 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated major. The ingredients most likely to interact are Peppermint aerial parts oil, Alfalfa leaf & stem juice extract, Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor by Synergy

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor by Synergy — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor by Synergy

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 13, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (43 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

This product contains 4 active ingredients. Sodium copper chlorophyllin is a semi-synthetic form of chlorophyll — the green pigment in plants — sometimes used for odor control.

Peppermint oil is the concentrated extract of peppermint leaves, traditionally used for digestive symptoms. Alfalfa leaf and stem juice extract and barley grass juice extract are plant concentrates.

The product also contains purified water and vegetable glycerin as inactive ingredients.

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

We hold no graded evidence for this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: support body's natural ability to remove toxins.
  • We looked for evidence on: detoxification, toxin elimination, internal cleansing.
  • Our graded evidence for these ingredients doesn't cover that particular purpose.

Peppermint oil here is likely effective for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and possibly effective for indigestion, nausea from chemotherapy, and a few other digestive uses. Barley grass is likely effective for high cholesterol and heart disease risk.

For sodium copper chlorophyllin, the evidence doesn't establish that it works for urinary odor, acne, cancer, constipation, or gas — the data we hold is insufficient or shows it's probably ineffective. Alfalfa's effectiveness for the conditions it's studied for (diabetes, indigestion, high cholesterol, menopausal symptoms) is also insufficient evidence to rate.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Chlorophyllin Peppermint Alfalfa Barley

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Peppermint oil is generally well tolerated, but the concentrated form in supplements should be used carefully — stick to food amounts or check with your provider before taking it. Possible side effects include abdominal pain, heartburn, belching, and dry mouth; rare severe reactions like anaphylaxis have been reported in people allergic to mint.

Chlorophyllin is generally well tolerated short-term, but long-term safety data are limited — there is concern it could cause sun sensitivity or, in rare cases, fluid-filled blisters on the skin with sun exposure. Alfalfa in supplement doses is possibly unsafe in pregnancy because of its estrogen-like activity.

Barley is safe as food but contains gluten; its safety in concentrated supplements during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well studied.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Chlorophyllin Peppermint Alfalfa Barley

Meds to double-check

Major interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Major identified

At least one ingredient has a documented Major-severity interaction. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Alfalfa, Chlorophyllin, Peppermint, Barley.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Major.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,151 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking this product, double-check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take warfarin or other blood thinners (Major interaction). Also check if you take drugs broken down by your liver's CYP2C9, CYP2C19, or CYP3A4 systems, diabetes medications, birth control pills, hormone therapy, immunosuppressants like cyclosporine, or any photosensitizing drugs.

An interaction has not been reported in humans for most of these, but the theoretical risk is there.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Major medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product may help with IBS or indigestion (mainly from the peppermint), and barley grass is supported for cholesterol and heart health. However, because it interacts with warfarin, multiple enzyme systems, and diabetes or hormone medications, anyone on prescription drugs should talk with their doctor or pharmacist before starting it.

Pregnant or breastfeeding people should also check with their own healthcare provider first.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Apr 23, 2020.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor, straight from the product label.

Brand Synergy
Barcode (UPC) 330928180617
Net contents 24.7 Fluid Ounce(s); 730 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Apr 23, 2020
DSLD ID 217260
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years)
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor by Synergy, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
10 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
10 mL
Servings per container
73
UPC/BARCODE
330928180617
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates1 Gram(s)1%
Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin0 NP--
Proprietary Blend43 mg--
Peppermint aerial parts oil0 NP--
Alfalfa leaf & stem juice extract0 NP--
Barley Grass juice extract0 NP--

Other ingredients: purified Water, Vegetable Glycerin

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Formula

Liquid Chlorophyll contains water-soluble chlorophyll, known as chlorophyllins, derived from alfalfa and other plants.

General Statements

Chlorophyll is the green pigment in plants that harnesses the sun's energy in photosynthesis to support respiration and growth.

Formulation

When taken consistently Liquid Chlorophyll supports the body's natural ability to remove toxins.

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take two teaspoons (10 mL) in a glass (240 mL) of water two times a day.

Storage

Refrigerate after opening.

Precautions

Keep out of reach of young children.

Do not use if seal is broken.

As with any nutritional product, please consult your physician before use, especially if pregnant, lactating, or have a known medical condition.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor by Synergy label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor by Synergy

These are the 4 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size10 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container73 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Other (inactive) ingredients: Purified Water, Vegetable Glycerin. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor by Synergy Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,150Drugs
2 Major 1,096 Moderate 52 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Peppermint aerial parts oil 796
Alfalfa leaf & stem juice extract 583
Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin 335
Barley Grass juice extract 1

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor interact with 1,150 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

4 of the 4 ingredients in Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Peppermint aerial parts oil Alfalfa leaf & stem juice extract Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin Barley Grass juice extract

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Peppermint aerial parts oil5 drug types · 796 drugs

Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, peppermint oil might increase the levels and adverse effects of cyclosporine.
In animal research, peppermint oil inhibits cyclosporine metabolism and increases cyclosporine levels. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) may be partially responsible for this interaction. An interaction between peppermint oil and cyclosporine has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Cyp2C19) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C19 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C19. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that peppermint oil inhibits CYP2C9. So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
Clinical research in healthy volunteers shows that a single dose of peppermint oil 600 mg inhibits CYP3A4 enzymes and increases the AUC of felodipine, a CYP3A4 substrate. However, in vitro research suggests that peppermint oil only inhibits CYP3A4 at very high concentrations.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, peppermint might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro and animal research shows that peppermint oil and peppermint leaf inhibit CYP1A2. However, in clinical research, peppermint tea did not significantly affect the metabolism of caffeine, a CYP1A2 substrate. It is possible that the 6-day duration of treatment may have been too short to identify a difference.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Peppermint aerial parts oil full monograph & interactions

Alfalfa leaf & stem juice extract6 drug types · 583 drugs

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, alfalfa might reduce the anticoagulant activity of warfarin.
Alfalfa contains a large amount of vitamin K. This could theoretically interfere with the activity of warfarin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, alfalfa might increase the risk of hypoglycemia when taken with antidiabetes drugs.
Animal research suggests that alfalfa decreases blood sugar in diabetic mice. Also, in one case report, a diabetic patient experienced hypoglycemia after consuming alfalfa extract. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with the activity of contraceptive drugs.
Alfalfa contains coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, and isoflavonoids, which have estrogenic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, alfalfa might interfere with hormone therapy.
Alfalfa contains coumestrol, a phytoestrogen, and isoflavonoids, which have estrogenic effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Immunosuppressants

Theoretically, alfalfa might decrease the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy.
In vitro research and human case reports suggest that alfalfa may have immunostimulant effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of alfalfa with photosensitizing drugs might have additive effects.
Animal research suggests that excessive doses of alfalfa may increase photosensitivity, possibly due to its chlorophyll content. It is unclear if this effect would be clinically relevant in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Alfalfa leaf & stem juice extract full monograph & interactions

Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin1 drug type · 335 drugs

Photosensitizing Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of chlorophyllin with photosensitizing drugs may have additive effects.
Chlorophyllin is a semi-synthetic derivative of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll has been reported to cause photosensitization. Orally, chlorophyll has also been associated with the development of pseudoporphyria in multiple case reports.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin full monograph & interactions

Barley Grass juice extract1 drug type · 1 drug

Triclabendazole (Egaten)

Theoretically, barley might decrease the clinical effects of triclabendazole.
Animal research suggests that a diet supplemented with barley can reduce the bioavailability of triclabendazole when taken concomitantly. This effect has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Barley Grass juice extract full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor, from the product label.

Synergy

See all Synergy products
Name
Synergy Worldwide
City
Pleasant Grove
State
UT
ZipCode
84062
Phone Number
(801) 769-7700
Web Address
www.synergyworldwide.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor by Synergy: Common Questions

Does Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor by Synergy interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor has a known interaction with 1,150 medications, including 2 rated major. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor contains 4 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Will this help my digestion or IBS?
Peppermint oil in this product is likely effective for IBS and possibly effective for indigestion (dyspepsia). It may also help with nausea from chemotherapy or reduce spasms during certain medical procedures. The chlorophyll and other ingredients don't have reliable evidence backing them for digestive issues.
Is peppermint oil safe to take every day?
Peppermint tea and culinary amounts are generally safe, but concentrated peppermint oil — like what's in supplements — should be used carefully and ideally with your provider's approval. The most common side effects are abdominal pain, heartburn, belching, dry mouth, and nausea.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
Peppermint is likely safe in pregnancy at food amounts, but the alfalfa in this product is possibly unsafe because it has estrogen-like activity. The safety data for chlorophyll and barley grass in pregnancy are not well established. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist — they can weigh the risks and benefits for your situation.
Can I take this while breastfeeding?
Peppermint is likely safe while nursing. Safety data for alfalfa, chlorophyll, and barley grass at supplement doses while breastfeeding are either limited or unknown. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product.
What does barley grass do in this formula?
Barley grass juice extract is likely effective for lowering cholesterol and reducing the risk of coronary heart disease. It's included here to support heart and cholesterol health.
Does this product contain gluten?
Barley naturally contains gluten. If you have celiac disease or gluten sensitivity, you should avoid this product or check with the manufacturer about processing.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Chlorophyllin

Interacts with 335 drugs

Chlorophyllin is a water-soluble, semi-synthetic form of chlorophyll most often used to help control body and fecal odor and to support wound healing. The best evidence is for its use as a d...

Read the full Chlorophyllin monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Peppermint

Interacts with 796 drugs

Peppermint is a popular herb with the best evidence supporting enteric-coated peppermint oil for easing IBS symptoms. It is generally well tolerated for most adults, but it can cause heartbu...

Read the full Peppermint monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Alfalfa

Interacts with 583 drugs

Alfalfa is a nutrient-rich legume that people use for high cholesterol, menopause symptoms, and general wellness, but solid human evidence for most of these uses is limited. It is best avoid...

Read the full Alfalfa monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Barley

Interacts with 1 drug

Barley is a nutritious whole grain that is a good source of soluble fiber called beta-glucan, which has solid evidence for modestly lowering LDL ('bad') cholesterol when eaten regularly. It...

Read the full Barley monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Liquid Chlorophyll Fresh Peppermint Flavor's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 94 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Chlorophyllin 6 references
  1. Nahata MC, Slencsak CA, Kamp J. Effect of chlorophyllin on urinary odor in incontinent geriatric patients. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1983;17:732-4. PubMed
  2. Mathews-Roth MM. Carotenoids in erythropoietic protoporphyria and other photosensitivity diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1993; 691:127-38. PubMed
  3. Belen'kii, G. B. and Krikun, B. L. [Treatment of herpes simplex and herpes zoster by chlorophyll preparations]. Sov.Med. 1971;34(1):151-152.
  4. Rossi E, Borchard K, Cole JM. Pseudoporphyria following self-medication with chlorophyll. Australas J Dermatol. 2015 Feb;56(1):47-8. PubMed
  5. Zhao CY, Frew JW, Muhaidat J, et al. Chlorophyll-induced pseudoporphyria with ongoing photosensitivity after cessation - a case series of four patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016;30(7):1239-42. PubMed
  6. Tomankova K, Kejlova K, Binder S, et al. In vitro cytotoxicity and phototoxicity study of cosmetics colorants. Toxicol In Vitro. 2011 Sep;25(6):1242-50. PubMed

See these in context on the Chlorophyllin monograph →

Peppermint 41 references
  1. Liu JH, Chen GH, Yeh HZ, et al. Enteric-coated peppermint-oil capsules in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial. J Gastroenterol 1997;32:765-8. PubMed
  2. Pittler MH, Ernst E. Peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome: a critical review and metaanalysis. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:1131-5. PubMed
  3. Kline RM, Kline JJ, Di Palma J, Barbero GJ. Enteric-coated, pH-dependent peppermint oil capsules for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome in children. J Pediatr 2001;138:125-8. PubMed
  4. Madisch A, Heydenreich CJ, Wieland V, et al. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with a fixed peppermint oil and caraway oil combination preparation as compared to cisapride. A multicenter, reference-controlled, double-blind equivalence study. Arzneimittel
  5. May B, Kuntz HD, Kieser M, Kohler S. Efficacy of a fixed peppermint oil/caraway oil combination in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Arzneimittelforschung 1996;46:1149-53.
  6. Micklefield GH, Greving I, May B. Effects of peppermint oil and caraway oil on gastroduodenal motility. Phytother Res 2000;14:20-3. DOI
  7. Morton CA, Garioch J, Todd P, et al. Contact sensitivity to menthol and peppermint in patients with intra-oral symptoms. Contact Dermatitis 1995;32:281-4. PubMed
  8. May B, Kohler S, Schneider B. Efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil in patients suffering from functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:1671-7. PubMed
  9. Nash P, Gould SR, Bernardo DE. Peppermint oil does not relieve the pain of irritable bowel syndrome. Br J Clin Pract 1986;40:292-3. DOI
  10. Rees WD, Evans BK, Rhodes J. Treating irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. Br Med J 1979;2:835-6. PubMed
  11. Davies SJ, Harding LM, Baranowski AP. A novel treatment of postherpetic neuralgia using peppermint oil. Clin J Pain 2002;18:200-2. PubMed
  12. Weston CF. Anal burning and peppermint oil. Postgrad Med J 1987;63:717. PubMed
  13. Dresser GK, Wacher V, Wong S, et al. Evaluation of peppermint oil and ascorbyl palmitate as inhibitors of cytochrome P4503A4 activity in vitro and in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002;72:247-55. PubMed
  14. Wacher VJ, Wong S, Wong HT. Peppermint oil enhances cyclosporine oral bioavailability in rats: comparison with D-alpha-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol 1000) succinate (TPGS) and ketoconazole. J Pharm Sci 2002;91:77-90.
  15. Lawson MJ, Knight RE, Tran K, et al. Failure of enteric-coated peppermint oil in the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized double-blind crossover study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1988;3:235-8. DOI
  16. Unger M, Frank A. Simultaneous determination of the inhibitory potency of herbal extracts on the activity of six major cytochrome P450 enzymes using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and automated online extraction. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2004;1 PubMed
  17. Maliakal PP, Wanwimolruk S. Effect of herbal teas on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001;53:1323-9. PubMed
  18. Rogers SN, Pahor AL. A form of stomatitis induced by excessive peppermint consumption. Dent Update 1995;22:36-7.
  19. Cappello G, Spezzaferro M, Grossi L, et al. Peppermint oil (Mintoil) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Dig Liver Dis 2007;39:530-6. PubMed
  20. Moghadam BK, Gier R, and Thurlow T. Extensive oral mucosal ulcerations caused by misuse of a commercial mouthwash. Cutis 1999;64:131-134.
  21. Andersen, K. E. Contact allergy to toothpaste flavors. Contact Dermatitis 1978;4(4):195-198. PubMed
  22. Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999;36(5):625-629. PubMed
  23. Tamir, S., Davidovich, Z., Attal, P., and Eliashar, R. Peppermint oil chemical burn. Otolaryngol.Head Neck Surg. 2005;133(5):801-802. PubMed
  24. Kalavala, M., Hughes, T. M., Goodwin, R. G., Anstey, A. V., and Stone, N. M. Allergic contact dermatitis to peppermint foot spray. Contact Dermatitis 2007;57(1):57-58. PubMed
  25. Vermaat, H., van Meurs, T., Rustemeyer, T., Bruynzeel, D. P., and Kirtschig, G. Vulval allergic contact dermatitis due to peppermint oil in herbal tea. Contact Dermatitis 2008;58(6):364-365. PubMed
  26. Merat, S., Khalili, S., Mostajabi, P., Ghorbani, A., Ansari, R., and Malekzadeh, R. The effect of enteric-coated, delayed-release peppermint oil on irritable bowel syndrome. Dig.Dis.Sci. 2010;55(5):1385-1390. PubMed
  27. Tran, A., Pratt, M., and DeKoven, J. Acute allergic contact dermatitis of the lips from peppermint oil in a lip balm. Dermatitis 2010;21(2):111-115. DOI
  28. Hitz, Lindenmuller, I and Lambrecht, J. T. Oral care. Curr Probl.Dermatol 2011;40:107-115.
  29. Shavakhi, A., Ardestani, S. K., Taki, M., Goli, M., and Keshteli, A. H. Premedication with peppermint oil capsules in colonoscopy: a double blind placebo-controlled randomized trial study. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2012;75(3):349-353.
  30. Lech, Y., Olesen, K. M., Hey, H., Rask-Pedersen, E., Vilien, M., and Ostergaard, O. [Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with peppermint oil. A double- blind study with a placebo]. Ugeskr.Laeger 10-3-1988;150(40):2388-2389.
  31. Parys, B. T. Chemical burns resulting from contact with peppermint oil mar: a case report. Burns Incl.Therm.Inj. 1983;9(5):374-375. PubMed
  32. Bayat R, Borici-Mazi R. A case of anaphylaxis to peppermint. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2014;10(1):6. PubMed
  33. Rich G, Shah A, Koloski N, et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the effects of Menthacarin, a proprietary peppermint- and caraway-oil-preparation, on symptoms and quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2 PubMed
  34. Douros A, Bronder E, Andersohn F, et al. Herb-Induced Liver Injury in the Berlin Case-Control Surveillance Study. Int J Mol Sci 2016;17(1). PubMed
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Barley 15 references
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