Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Natrol

Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg label
See full label image
Softgel Capsule Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg is a dietary supplement by Natrol with 2 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for heart and cholesterol support, high triglycerides, joint pain and inflammation.Based on those ingredients, 848 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are Superba Krill Oil. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg by Natrol

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg by Natrol — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg by Natrol

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Aug 27, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 7 of its 7 active ingredients.
  • “Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (110 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.
  • “Superba Krill Oil” is listed as a grouped ingredient — the label gives one combined amount (500 mg) without saying how much of each component you get.

Natrol's Odorless Krill Oil contains 7 active ingredients: three fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, which are omega-3s, plus omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids), phospholipids, choline, and astaxanthin, delivered in a base of krill oil. The product also contains inactive ingredients — gelatin, glycerin, and water — that serve as the capsule and vehicle.

Krill oil is a concentrated source of omega-3 fatty acids and phospholipids. Choline supports brain function and other body processes.

Astaxanthin is a carotenoid antioxidant found in marine organisms.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: support for healthy cholesterol within normal range.
  • We looked for evidence on: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), Hyperlipidemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Heart failure, coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia — and 1 related terms.
  • The closest evidence on file: Omega-6 Fatty Acids is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Omega-6 Fatty Acids is rated "Possibly Ineffective" for Hyperlipidemia.
  • Also on file: Choline is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Cardiovascular disease (CVD).

The evidence for what this product does is thin. We hold no effectiveness ratings for krill oil itself, the main omega-3 fatty acids it contains, or phospholipids.

Choline has been studied for athletic performance (possibly ineffective), age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer disease, hay fever, bronchitis, and liver damage from parenteral nutrition — but the evidence is either insufficient or points to it not working. Astaxanthin has been studied for similar conditions — cognitive decline, macular degeneration, aging skin, Alzheimer disease, athletic performance, and carpal tunnel — and again the evidence is insufficient for most claims.

Omega-6 fatty acids appear possibly ineffective for lowering cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), heart disease, and multiple sclerosis.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Krill Oil Omega-6 Fatty Acids Choline Astaxanthin

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Choline is generally well tolerated at food-level amounts and likely safe in pregnancy and while breastfeeding, though you should use supplement doses only as your doctor advises during those periods. At doses above 3.5 grams daily, choline can cause fishy body odor, and at very high doses (9 grams or more) it may cause diarrhea, nausea, sweating, and vomiting.

Astaxanthin appears well tolerated in studies, though long-term safety data are limited. In trial doses, it has caused abdominal pain, diarrhea, and red-colored stools in some participants.

The safety notes advise against astaxanthin during pregnancy and while breastfeeding because there isn't enough data to know if it's safe. Omega-6 from normal food is fine, but supplements of it are less well established in safety.

The data notes that a high ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 in your diet may increase heart disease risk and that high omega-6 levels have been linked to depression and some cancers in population studies — talk with your doctor before starting, especially if you have heart disease.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Krill Oil Omega-6 Fatty Acids Choline Astaxanthin

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Choline, Astaxanthin.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • For scale: 682 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking this product if you take atropine (a drug sometimes used for eye exams or certain other conditions) — choline may reduce how it works. Additionally, if you take any medication broken down by your liver through the CYP3A4 or CYP2B6 pathways (a large number of common drugs), astaxanthin may theoretically lower its levels, though this has not been proven in humans.

Use the medication search tool on this page to verify your specific drugs.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This krill oil product is a source of omega-3 and other fatty acids, but the evidence that it works for any specific condition is not established in our data. The main safety concern is that we could not check the core fatty acid ingredients for drug interactions, and the liver-enzyme interactions from astaxanthin could affect many medications.

Before starting, search your exact medications in the tool on this page, and talk with your doctor or pharmacist — particularly if you take drugs processed through your liver, manage heart disease, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 7 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Sep 21, 2017.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg, straight from the product label.

Brand Natrol
Barcode (UPC) 047469071011
Net contents 30 Softgel(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Sep 21, 2017
DSLD ID 78135
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Softgel Capsule
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Qualified Health, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg by Natrol, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
1 Softgel(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
047469071011
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories from Fat5 Kcal--
Eicosapentaenoic Acid60 mg--
Docosahexaenoic Acid27.5 mg--
Phospholipids200 mg--
Cholesterol10 mg3.33%
Omega-6 Fatty Acids10 mg--
Omega-9 Fatty Acids40 mg--
Total Omega-3 Fatty Acids110 mg--
Total Calories6 Kcal--
Choline25 mg--
Astaxanthin50 mcg--
Superba Krill Oil500 mg--
Total Fat0.5 Gram(s)1%

Other ingredients: Gelatin, Glycerin, Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Natrol Odorless Krill Oil is a unique source of cardioprotective omega-3 fatty acids that offers support for healthy cholesterol within the normal range.

Certified sustainably sourced, Natrol Odorless Krill Oil is harvested from Antarctic krill in an eco-friendly way.

Superba & device and Eco-Harvesting are trademarks of the Aker Group

Formula

Krill Oil contains phospholipids to support enhanced omega-3 fatty acid absorption and astaxanthin for preservation and antioxidant support.

Contains crustacean shellfish

Formulation

No milk, egg, fish, tree nuts, wheat, peanuts, soybeans, yeast, glutens, corn, artificial colors or flavors, preservatives

General Statements

Supportive but not conclusive research shows consumption of EPA and DHA Omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronery heart disease.

Actual size

Improved formula! No odor or fishy aftertaste May reduce the risk of coronary heart disease Sustainably sourced

Precautions

Consult your healthcare professional prior to use if you have or suspect a medical condition, or are taking prescription drugs, or are pregnant or lactating.

People with allergies to shellfish should consult their healthcare professional before taking this product.

Keep out of reach of children.

Contains crustacean shellfish

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General

ITEM: 7101.911 F: 3003256 L: 2008595-16244

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Directions: Take 1 softgel, one to two times daily, with a meal.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg by Natrol label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg by Natrol

These are the 2 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size1 Softgel(s) Dosage formSoftgel Capsule Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Total Calories

6 Kcal per serving

Superba Krill Oil

Interacts with
208 drugs
500 mg per serving

Krill oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids, which may help absorption. It is most studied for lowering triglyce...

Superba Krill Oil monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: Gelatin, Glycerin, Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg by Natrol Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
848Drugs
838 Moderate 10 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

Superba Krill Oil 208

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg interact with 848 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 2 ingredients in Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. Superba Krill Oil

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

Superba Krill Oil2 drug types · 208 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, krill oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Taking high doses of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil can modestly decrease platelet aggregation. Since krill oil also contains these fatty acids, taking high doses of krill oil might also inhibit platelet aggregation. Theoretically, taking high doses of krill oil with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs might increase the risk of bleeding. However, the omega-3 content of krill oil is much lower than that of fish oil.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking krill oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Some research in animals and humans shows that krill oil might lower blood glucose levels. However, a small study shows that taking krill oil does not reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, most of whom were taking antidiabetes drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Superba Krill Oil full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg, from the product label.

Natrol

See all Natrol products
Name
Natrol, LLC.
City
Chatsworth
State
CA
ZipCode
91311
Phone Number
1-800-262-8765
Web Address
www.natrol.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg by Natrol: Common Questions

Does Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg by Natrol interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg has a known interaction with 848 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg contains 2 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
What is krill oil and why is it in this product?
Krill oil comes from tiny shrimp-like sea animals and is a natural source of omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) and phospholipids. It's included because these are nutrients some people want to add to their diet, though evidence that this product works for a specific health condition is not established.
Is it safe to take this while I'm pregnant?
Choline in this product is likely safe in pregnancy, but astaxanthin — another ingredient — does not have enough safety data, and the facts advise against it during pregnancy. Talk with your doctor before taking this product while you're pregnant, as they can weigh all the ingredients for your situation.
Is it safe to take while breastfeeding?
Choline is likely safe while breastfeeding; in fact, choline needs are higher during breastfeeding and supplements should be used only under professional guidance. However, astaxanthin does not have enough safety data, and the facts advise against it while breastfeeding. Speak with your doctor or pharmacist before starting.
Can this cause side effects?
Astaxanthin may cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, or red-colored stools in some people. Choline is well tolerated at normal doses, but high doses (over 3.5 grams daily) can cause fishy body odor, and very high doses can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Why is it 'odorless'?
Regular krill oil can have a fishy smell. This version is processed to remove that odor while keeping the active ingredients, so it's easier to take without the taste or smell.
Will this help my cholesterol or heart health?
The evidence in our data does not support that omega-6 fatty acids (which this product contains) work for cholesterol or heart disease. We hold no effectiveness ratings for the krill oil or its main omega-3 components. Talk with your doctor about whether this is right for your specific health goals.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Krill Oil

Interacts with 208 drugs

Krill oil is a source of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) bound to phospholipids, which may help absorption. It is most studied for lowering triglycerides and supporting heart health, but t...

Read the full Krill Oil monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Omega-6 Fatty Acids

Omega-6 fatty acids are essential fats your body needs but cannot make on its own, and most people get plenty from everyday foods like vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. Supplements such as ev...

Read the full Omega-6 Fatty Acids monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Choline

Interacts with 16 drugs

Choline is an essential nutrient your body needs for liver function, brain health, and nerve signaling, and many people get enough from foods like eggs, meat, and fish. Supplements may help...

Read the full Choline monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Astaxanthin

Interacts with 671 drugs

Astaxanthin is a reddish carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant activity in the lab, and it is widely promoted for skin, eye, heart, and exercise benefits. Early human studies are promis...

Read the full Astaxanthin monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Odorless Krill Oil 500 mg's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 50 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Omega-6 Fatty Acids 20 references
  1. Godley PA. Essential fatty acid consumption and risk of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1995;35:91-5. PubMed
  2. Newcomer LM, King IB, Wicklund KG, Stanford JL. The association of fatty acids with prostate cancer risk. Prostate 2001;47:262-8. DOI
  3. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate. Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2005. Available at: http://www.nap.edu/books/03 DOI
  4. Colter, A. L., Cutler, C., and Meckling, K. A. Fatty acid status and behavioural symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents: a case-control study. Nutr J 2008;7:8. PubMed
  5. Yamada, T., Strong, J. P., Ishii, T., Ueno, T., Koyama, M., Wagayama, H., Shimizu, A., Sakai, T., Malcom, G. T., and Guzman, M. A. Atherosclerosis and omega-3 fatty acids in the populations of a fishing village and a farming village in Japan. Atheroscler
  6. Conklin, S. M., Manuck, S. B., Yao, J. K., Flory, J. D., Hibbeln, J. R., and Muldoon, M. F. High omega-6 and low omega-3 fatty acids are associated with depressive symptoms and neuroticism. Psychosom.Med. 2007;69(9):932-934.
  7. Richardson, A. J., Cyhlarova, E., and Ross, M. A. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid concentrations in red blood cell membranes relate to schizotypal traits in healthy adults. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2003;69(6):461-466. PubMed
  8. Assies, J., Lok, A., Bockting, C. L., Weverling, G. J., Lieverse, R., Visser, I., Abeling, N. G., Duran, M., and Schene, A. H. Fatty acids and homocysteine levels in patients with recurrent depression: an explorative pilot study. Prostaglandins Leukot.Es PubMed
  9. Chiplonkar, S. A., Agte, V. V., Tarwadi, K. V., Paknikar, K. M., and Diwate, U. P. Micronutrient deficiencies as predisposing factors for hypertension in lacto-vegetarian Indian adults. J Am Coll.Nutr 2004;23(3):239-247. PubMed
  10. Mamalakis, G., Kiriakakis, M., Tsibinos, G., Hatzis, C., Flouri, S., Mantzoros, C., and Kafatos, A. Depression and serum adiponectin and adipose omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in adolescents. Pharmacol.Biochem.Behav. 2006;85(2):474-479. PubMed
  11. Okuyama, H., Ichikawa, Y., Sun, Y., Hamazaki, T., and Lands, W. E. Cancers common in the USA are stimulated by omega 6 fatty acids and large amounts of animal fats, but suppressed by omega 3 fatty acids and cholesterol. World Rev Nutr Diet. 2007;96:143-1
  12. Martinez-Ramirez, M. J., Palma, S., Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., Delgado-Martinez, A. D., de la Fuente, C., and Delgado-Rodriguez, M. Dietary fat intake and the risk of osteoporotic fractures in the elderly. Eur.J Clin Nutr 2007;61(9):1114-1120. PubMed
  13. Sonestedt, E., Gullberg, B., and Wirfalt, E. Both food habit change in the past and obesity status may influence the association between dietary factors and postmenopausal breast cancer. Public Health Nutr 2007;10(8):769-779. PubMed
  14. Simopoulos, A. P. The omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio, genetic variation, and cardiovascular disease. Asia Pac.J Clin Nutr 2008;17 Suppl 1:131-134.
  15. Harris, W. S., Mozaffarian, D., Rimm, E., Kris-Etherton, P., Rudel, L. L., Appel, L. J., Engler, M. M., Engler, M. B., and Sacks, F. Omega-6 fatty acids and risk for cardiovascular disease: a science advisory from the American Heart Association Nutrition DOI
  16. Godley, P. A., Campbell, M. K., Gallagher, P., Martinson, F. E., Mohler, J. L., and Sandler, R. S. Biomarkers of essential fatty acid consumption and risk of prostatic carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol.Biomarkers Prev. 1996;5(11):889-895.
  17. Lee E, Kim H, Kim H, Ha EH, Chang N. Association of maternal omega-6 fatty acid intake with infant birth outcomes: Korean Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH). Nutr J 2018;17(1):47. PubMed
  18. Pawelczyk T, Trafalska E, Pawelczyk A, Kotlicka-Antczak M. Differences in omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption in people at ultra-high risk of psychosis, first-episode schizophrenia, and in healthy controls. Early Interv Psychiatry 2
  19. Gardner KG, Gebretsadik T, Hartman TJ, et al. Prenatal omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and childhood atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(3):937-944. PubMed
  20. Luo J, Ge H, Sun J, Hao K, Yao W, Zhang D. Associations of dietary ?-3, ?-6 fatty acids consumption with sleep disorders and sleep duration among adults. Nutrients 2021;13(5):1475. PubMed

See these in context on the Omega-6 Fatty Acids monograph →

Choline 14 references
  1. Yates AA, Schlicker SA, Suitor CW. Dietary reference intakes: The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins, and choline. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:699-706. PubMed
  2. Cho E, Willett WC, Colditz GA, et al. Dietary choline and betaine and the risk of distal colorectal adenoma in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1224-31. PubMed
  3. Schmidt, C., Abicht, A., Krampfl, K., Voss, W., Stucka, R., Mildner, G., Petrova, S., Schara, U., Mortier, W., Bufler, J., Huebner, A., and Lochmuller, H. Congenital myasthenic syndrome due to a novel missense mutation in the gene encoding choline acetyl
  4. Tamminga, C., Smith, R. C., Chang, S., Haraszti, J. S., and Davis, J. M. Depression associated with oral choline. Lancet 10-23-1976;2(7991):905. PubMed
  5. Wood, J. L. and Allison, R. G. Effects of consumption of choline and lecithin on neurological and cardiovascular systems. Fed.Proc. 1982;41(14):3015-3021.
  6. Growdon, J. H. and Gelenberg, A. J. Choline and lecithin administration to patients with tardive dyskinesia. Trans.Am.Neurol.Assoc. 1978;103:95-99.
  7. Smith, C. M., Swash, M., Exton-Smith, A. N., Phillips, M. J., Overstall, P. W., Piper, M. E., and Bailey, M. R. Choline therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 8-5-1978;2(8084):318. PubMed
  8. Morrison, L. M. and W. F. Gonzales. Choline in coronary atherosclerosis. Amer.Heart J. 1950;39:729.
  9. Christie, J. G. Blackburn 1. M. Glen A. I. M. Zeisel S. Shering A. & Yates C. M. Effects of choline and lecithin on CSF choline levels and on cognitive functioning in patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Nutrition and the brain 1979;5
  10. Sidhu N, Davies S, Nadarajah A, et al. Oral choline supplementation for postoperative pain. Br J Anaesth 2013;111(2):249-55. PubMed
  11. Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, et al. Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders has high feasibility and tolerability. Nutr Res. 2013;33(11):897-904. PubMed
  12. Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, et al. Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol disorders: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102(5): 1113-25.
  13. Ross RG, Hunter SK, McCarthy L, et al. Perinatal choline effects on neonatal pathophysiology related to later schizophrenia risk. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170(3):290-8. PubMed
  14. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Choline. Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B-6, Vitamin B-12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press; 1998:390-422.

See these in context on the Choline monograph →

Astaxanthin 3 references
  1. Kupcinskas L, Lafolie P, Lignell A, et al. Efficacy of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection: A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled
  2. Kistler, A., Liechti, H., Pichard, L., Wolz, E., Oesterhelt, G., Hayes, A., and Maurel, P. Metabolism and CYP-inducer properties of astaxanthin in man and primary human hepatocytes. Arch.Toxicol. 2002;75(11-12):665-675. PubMed
  3. Choi HD, Youn YK, Shin WG. Positive effects of astaxanthin on lipid profiles and oxidative stress in overweight subjects. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2011;66:363-369. PubMed

See these in context on the Astaxanthin monograph →

Krill Oil 13 references
  1. Leaf A. On the reanalysis of the GISSI-Prevenzione. Circulation 2002;105:1874-5. PubMed
  2. Connor WE. n-3 Fatty acids from fish and fish oil: panacea or nostrum? Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74;415-6. PubMed
  3. Calder PC. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: pouring oil on troubled waters or another fishy tale? Nutr Res 2001;21:309-41. DOI
  4. Bunea R, El Farrah K, Deutsch L. Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the clinical course of hyperlipidemia. Altern Med Rev 2004;9:420-8.
  5. Sampalis F, Bunea R, Pelland MF, et al. Evaluation of the effects of Neptune Krill Oil on the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea. Altern Med Rev 2003;8:171-9.
  6. Harris WS, Miller M, Tighe AP, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: clinical and mechanistic perspectives. Atherosclerosis 2008;197:12-24. PubMed
  7. Tandy S, Chung RW, Wat E, et al. Dietary krill oil supplementation reduces hepatic steatosis, glycemia, and hypercholesterolemia in high-fat-fed mice. J Agric Food Chem 10-14-2009;57:9339-45. PubMed
  8. Maki, K. C., Reeves, M. S., Farmer, M., Griinari, M., Berge, K., Vik, H., Hubacher, R., and Rains, T. M. Krill oil supplementation increases plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in overweight and obese men and women. Nutr.R PubMed
  9. Albert BB, Derraik JG, Brennan CM, et al. Supplementation with a blend of krill and salmon oil is associated with increased metabolic risk in overweight men. Am J Clin Nutr 2015;102(1):49-57.
  10. Berge K, Musa-Veloso K, Harwood M, Hoem N, Burri L. Krill oil supplementation lowers serum triglycerides without increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults with borderline high or high triglyceride levels. Nutr Res 2014;34(2):126-33. PubMed
  11. Lobraico JM, DiLello LC, Butler AD, Cordisco ME, Petrini JR, Ahmadi R. Effects of krill oil on endothelial function and other cardiovascular risk factors in participants with type 2 diabetes, a randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2015 PubMed
  12. van der Wurff ISM, von Schacky C, Bergeland T, Zeegers MP, Kirschner PA, de Groot RHM. Krill oil supplementation's effect on school grades in typically developing adolescents. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023;191:102553. PubMed
  13. van der Wurff ISM, von Schacky C, Bergeland T, et al. Effect of 1 year krill oil supplementation on cognitive achievement of Dutch adolescents: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):1230. PubMed

See these in context on the Krill Oil monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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