Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 5 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

Organic Gripe Water Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by ChildLife Essentials

Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

Organic Gripe Water is a dietary supplement by ChildLife Essentials with 5 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for nausea and vomiting, motion sickness, morning sickness in pregnancy.Based on those ingredients, 1,139 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are organic Ginger, organic Fennel seed Essential Oil, organic Kiwifruit extract. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

HelloPharmacist Scorecard of Organic Gripe Water by ChildLife Essentials

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 4 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend:” is a proprietary blend — the label doesn't break down how much of each component you get.

ChildLife Essentials Organic Gripe Water contains 4 active ingredients: organic ginger, organic dill essential oil, organic kiwifruit extract, and organic fennel seed essential oil. These are blended into a liquid with organic vegetable glycerin and purified water as inactive ingredients.

Gripe water products have traditionally been used to soothe digestive discomfort in infants, though the evidence for most of these ingredients in that use is limited or not well established.

Does it work?

Not established
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not established

The graded evidence we hold for these ingredients covers different conditions than the ones this product is marketed for, so there's no established rating for its stated use.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: relief from bloating, gas, and stomach discomfort.
  • We looked for evidence on: Colic, Flatulence, Dyspepsia, Infant digestive upset, Teething discomfort.
  • The closest evidence on file: Fennel is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Dyspepsia (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Fennel is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Flatulence, Colic.
  • Also on file: Ginger is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Dyspepsia, Colic.

The evidence for these ingredients in gripe water is mixed. Ginger is possibly effective for pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting, menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea), and osteoarthritis, but appears possibly ineffective for muscle soreness and chemotherapy nausea.

Fennel is possibly effective for menstrual pain. Dill and kiwi have insufficient evidence to establish whether they work for the conditions studied (dill for aging skin, high cholesterol, labor pain, and menstrual pain; kiwi for asthma, constipation, high blood pressure, and irritable bowel syndrome).

We don't have effectiveness data on file for this product as a gripe water formulation specifically.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Ginger Dill Kiwi Fennel

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Ginger is generally well tolerated in typical amounts and is rated likely safe or possibly safe in pregnancy, though you should check with your doctor before using it for morning sickness and keep amounts moderate. Higher doses of ginger (5 grams per day or more) increase the risk of side effects such as abdominal discomfort, heartburn, diarrhea, and mouth irritation.

Dill is generally safe in food amounts but is rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy, and safety data on medicinal doses during breastfeeding is limited. Kiwi is likely safe in pregnancy and lactation when eaten as food, and is generally well tolerated, though some people have allergies (including anaphylaxis and asthma flare-ups).

Fennel is rated possibly unsafe in both pregnancy and lactation due to its hormone-like effects and limited safety data at concentrated doses. Fennel may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, photosensitivity, and allergic reactions, and rare seizures have been reported.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Ginger Dill Kiwi Fennel

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 4 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Fennel, Dill, Kiwi, Ginger.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; immunosuppressants / transplant drugs; diabetes medications; lithium.
  • For scale: 1,140 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Check before use if your child takes blood thinners (warfarin, other anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs like aspirin) — ginger, kiwi, and fennel all increase bleeding risk. Also check if they take blood pressure medications, blood sugar–lowering drugs, lithium, the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, cancer medications metabolized by CYP3A4, birth control, hormone replacement therapy, tamoxifen, or any drug dependent on P-glycoprotein transport.

No interactions are documented for the inactive ingredients we hold data on.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no established evidence rating for its marketed use. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

This product is not suitable for children taking blood thinners, blood pressure medicines, diabetes medications, lithium, certain antibiotics, or birth control — check with your pharmacist first. Even if your child takes no medications, talk to your pediatrician before using it, especially during pregnancy (if you're considering it for yourself) or if anyone in your family has a kiwi or fennel allergy.

A pharmacist can review your child's complete health picture and medications.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 4 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jul 25, 2018.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about Organic Gripe Water, straight from the product label.

Brand ChildLife Essentials
Barcode (UPC) 608274140004
Net contents 2 fl. Oz.; 59.15 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jul 25, 2018
DSLD ID 178917
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Kosher, Organic, Infants/Baby (0 - 1 Year), Gluten Free, Dairy Free, Children more than 1 but less than 4
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for Organic Gripe Water by ChildLife Essentials, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Children less than 4 years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
4 mL
Maximum serving Sizes:
4 mL
Servings per container
15
UPC/BARCODE
608274140004
IngredientAmount% DV
Calories5 Calorie(s)--
Total Carbohydrates1 Gram(s)--
Sugar0 Gram(s)--
organic Ginger0 NP--
Proprietary Blend:0 NP--
organic Dill Essential Oil0 NP--
organic Kiwifruit extract0 NP--
organic Fennel seed Essential Oil0 NP--

Other ingredients: organic Vegetable Glycerin, purified Water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Formula

ChildLife Organic Gripe Water is an all natural, soothing remedy that provides your baby with relief from the bloating, gas, and stomach discomfort often associated with colic, teething, and hiccups.

K Parve K-1604

Brand IP Statement(s)

ChildLife uses only the highest quality ingredients.

Nutrition for Kids!

Formulation

Gluten free, alcohol free, casein free. Contains no milk, eggs, soy, wheat, yeast, or corn. No artificial colorings, flavorings, or sweeteners.

Certified Organic by Oregon Tilth:

Precautions

Keep out of reach of children.

Tamper Resistant: Do not use if outer safety seal is broken or missing.

Discard 6 weeks after opening.

Seals/Symbols

Oregon Tilth USDA Organic K Parve K-1604

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General Statements

Formulated by Dr. Murray C. Clarke, D. Hom., L. Ac.

Safe & gentle Soothes stomach discomfort from colic, teething, and hiccups

Serving size: 2 - 4 mL Servings per container: 15 - 30

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

Suggested use: For infants from birth - 6 months: 2 mL as needed 6 months and older: 2 - 4 mL as needed Shake well.

Discard 6 weeks after opening.

Storage

Store in a cool dry place. Wash dispenser & store tight on bottle after use.

General

V20317

See for yourself

Organic Gripe Water by ChildLife Essentials label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

What’s inside

The Ingredients in Organic Gripe Water by ChildLife Essentials

These are the 5 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size4 mL Dosage formLiquid Servings per container15 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Sugar

0 Gram(s) per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: Organic Vegetable Glycerin, Purified Water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

Organic Gripe Water by ChildLife Essentials Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against Organic Gripe Water?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

Go to the checker
1,139Drugs
1,020 Moderate 119 Minor

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in Organic Gripe Water with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

organic Ginger14 drug types · 1,007 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. However, research is conflicting.
Laboratory research suggests that ginger inhibits thromboxane synthetase and decreases platelet aggregation. However, this has not been demonstrated unequivocally in humans, with mixed results from clinical trials. Theoretically, excessive amounts of ginger might increase the risk of bleeding when used with anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, taking ginger with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Animal and human research suggests that ginger might increase insulin levels and/or decrease blood glucose levels.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Ginger might increase or decrease the levels of CYP3A4 substrates.
In vitro research and some case reports suggest that ginger inhibits CYP3A4 activity. Three case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking ginger and cancer medications that are CYP3A4 substrates (imatinib, dabrafenib, and crizotinib). However, the causality of this interaction is unclear due to the presence of multiple interacting drugs and routes of administration.
Conversely, other in vitro research suggests that ginger induces CYP3A4 activity, leading to reduced levels of CYP3A4 substrates. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Losartan (Cozaar)

Theoretically, ginger might increase levels of losartan and the risk of hypotension.
In animal research, ginger increased the levels and hypotensive effects of a single dose of losartan. It is not clear if ginger alters the concentration or effects of losartan when taken continuously. Additionally, this interaction has not been shown in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Nifedipine (Procardia)

Ginger may have antiplatelet effects and increase the risk of bleeding if used with nifedipine.
Clinical research shows that combined treatment with ginger 1 gram plus nifedipine 10 mg significantly inhibits platelet aggregation when compared to nifedipine or ginger alone.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
P-Glycoprotein Substrates

Ginger might increase the absorption and blood levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates.
In vitro research and case reports suggest that ginger inhibits drug efflux by P-gp, potentially increasing absorption and serum levels of P-gp substrates. Two case reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) adverse drug reaction database describe increased toxicity in patients taking ginger and cancer medications that are P-gp substrates (trametinib, crizotinib). However, the causality of this interaction is unclear due to the presence of multiple interacting drugs and routes of administration.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Phenprocoumon (Marcoumar, Others)

Ginger might increase the risk of bleeding with phenprocoumon.
Phenprocoumon, a warfarin-related anticoagulant, might increase the international normalized ratio (INR) when taken with ginger. There is one case report of a 76-year-old woman with a stable INR on phenprocoumon that increased to greater than 10 when she began consuming dried ginger and ginger tea.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Ginger might increase the risk of bleeding with warfarin.
Laboratory research suggests that ginger might inhibit thromboxane synthetase and decrease platelet aggregation. In one case report, ginger increased the INR when taken with phenprocoumon, which has similar pharmacological effects as warfarin. In another case report, ginger increased the INR when taken with a combination of warfarin, hydrochlorothiazide, and acetaminophen. A longitudinal analysis suggests that taking ginger increases the risk of bleeding in patients taking warfarin for at least 4 months. However, research in healthy people suggests that ginger has no effect on INR, or the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of warfarin. Until more is known, monitor INRs closely in patients taking large amounts of ginger.

Likelihood Possible Evidence B
Calcium Channel Blockers

Theoretically, taking ginger with calcium channel blockers might increase the risk of hypotension.
Some animal and in vitro research suggests that ginger has hypotensive and calcium channel-blocking effects. Another animal study shows that concomitant administration of ginger and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine leads to greater reductions in blood pressure when compared with amlodipine alone.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Theoretically, when taken prior to cyclosporine, ginger might decrease cyclosporine levels.
In an animal model, ginger juice taken 2 hours prior to cyclosporine administration reduced the maximum concentration and area under the curve of cyclosporine by 51% and 40%, respectively. This effect was not observed when ginger juice and cyclosporine were administered at the same time.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP1A2 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP1A2 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2B6 (Cyp2B6) Substrates

Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2B6 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP2B6 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, ginger might increase the levels of CYP2C9 substrates.
In vitro research shows that ginger inhibits CYP2C9 activity. However, this interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Theoretically, ginger might increase levels of metronidazole.
In an animal model, ginger increased the absorption and plasma half-life of metronidazole. In addition, the elimination rate and clearance of metronidazole was significantly reduced.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

organic Fennel seed Essential Oil6 drug types · 740 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, fennel might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs.

Animal research suggests that fennel oil has antithrombotic and antiplatelet effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Theoretically, fennel might decrease the levels and clinical effects of ciprofloxacin.

Animal research shows that fennel reduces ciprofloxacin bioavailability by nearly 50%, possibly due to the metal cations such as calcium, iron, and magnesium contained in fennel. This study also found that fennel increased tissue distribution and slowed elimination of ciprofloxacin.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
Contraceptive Drugs

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the effects of contraceptive drugs due to competition for estrogen receptors.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, fennel might increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.

In vitro research suggests that fennel inhibits CYP3A4 enzyme activity. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Estrogens

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)

Theoretically, taking large amounts of fennel might decrease the antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen.

Some constituents of fennel have estrogenic activity, which may interfere with the antiestrogenic activity of tamoxifen.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

organic Kiwifruit extract2 drug types · 289 drugs

Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Clinical research suggests that kiwi inhibits platelet aggregation. Theoretically, kiwi might increase the risk of bleeding when used with antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. Some anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs include aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ticlopidine (Ticlid), warfarin (Coumadin), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Antihypertensive Drugs

Clinical research suggests that consuming kiwi reduces systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive individuals. Theoretically, concomitant use of kiwi and antihypertensive drugs may increase the risk of hypotension when used in combination with drugs that lower blood pressure. These include captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), losartan (Cozaar), valsartan (Diovan), diltiazem (Cardizem), amlodipine (Norvasc), hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril), furosemide (Lasix), and many others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D

organic Dill Essential Oil2 drug types · 87 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, dill extract might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs and increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Animal research shows that dill extract can reduce blood sugar levels. Monitor blood glucose levels closely. Dose adjustments might be necessary.
Some antidiabetes drugs include glimepiride (Amaryl), glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase PresTab, Micronase), insulin, pioglitazone (Actos), rosiglitazone (Avandia), and others.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Lithium

Dill is thought to have diuretic properties. Theoretically, due to these potential diuretic effects, dill might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium. The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.

Likelihood Probable Evidence D
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for Organic Gripe Water, from the product label.

ChildLife Essentials

See all ChildLife Essentials products
Name
ChildLife
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
ZipCode
90232
Phone Number
800-993-0332
Web Address
www.childlife.net
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

Organic Gripe Water by ChildLife Essentials: Common Questions

Does Organic Gripe Water by ChildLife Essentials interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, Organic Gripe Water has a known interaction with 1,139 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
Organic Gripe Water contains 5 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe to use while pregnant?
The safety data is mixed. Ginger is likely or possibly safe in pregnancy and is often used for morning sickness, but check with your doctor first and keep amounts moderate. Dill essential oil and fennel essential oil are rated possibly unsafe in pregnancy due to hormone-like effects and limited safety data at medicinal doses. Kiwi is likely safe. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before using this product in pregnancy.
Can this cause side effects?
Yes. Ginger may cause abdominal discomfort, heartburn, diarrhea, and mouth irritation, especially at higher doses. Dill and fennel can trigger allergic reactions, and fennel may cause photosensitivity or gastrointestinal discomfort. Kiwi allergies can range from mild mouth tingling to severe reactions including anaphylaxis. If your child has ever reacted to any of these foods, avoid this product.
Is this product effective for gripe water use?
We don't have effectiveness data on file for this formulation as a gripe water. We do have evidence that ginger is possibly effective for nausea and menstrual pain, and fennel is possibly effective for menstrual pain. For the other ingredients and uses, the evidence is either not well established or insufficient.
What is each ingredient for?
Ginger is traditionally used for nausea and digestive upset. Dill, fennel, and kiwi are included in gripe water formulations to support digestive comfort, though the evidence for their specific roles in gripe water is limited. These ingredients have been studied for various conditions, but their effectiveness in this particular product formulation has not been established in the data we hold.
Is this safe while breastfeeding?
Ginger is rated likely safe during lactation. Kiwi is likely safe. However, fennel and dill essential oils have insufficient safety data for medicinal doses during breastfeeding — food amounts are likely fine, but talk to your doctor before using this supplement while nursing.
What if my child is allergic to kiwi?
Do not use this product. Kiwi allergies can range from swelling and itching of the lips and mouth to severe reactions including anaphylaxis and asthma attacks. If your child has ever had a reaction to kiwi, this product is not appropriate.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

Organic Gripe Water label
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

Organic Gripe Water's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 130 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Ginger 64 references
  1. Fischer-Rasmussen W, Kjaer SK, Dahl C, Asping U. Ginger treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;38:19-24. PubMed
  2. Jewell D, Young G. Interventions for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(2):CD000145. PubMed
  3. Vutyavanich T, Kraisarin T, Ruangsri R. Ginger for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97:577-82. DOI
  4. Backon J. Ginger in preventing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; a caveat due to its thromboxane synthetase activity and effect on testosterone binding. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1991;42:163-4. PubMed
  5. Srivastava KC. Effect of onion and ginger consumption on platelet thromboxane production in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1989;35:183-5. PubMed
  6. Stewart JJ, Wood MJ, Wood CD, Mims ME. Effects of ginger on motion sickness susceptibility and gastric function. Pharmacology 1991;42:111-20. PubMed
  7. Smith C, Crowther C, Willson K, et al. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:639-45. PubMed
  8. Portnoi G, Chng LA, Karimi-Tabesh L, et al. Prospective comparative study of the safety and effectiveness of ginger for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:1374-7.. PubMed
  9. Wigler I, Grotto I, Caspi D, Yaron M. The effects of Zintona EC (a ginger extract) on symptomatic gonarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003;11:783-9. PubMed
  10. Ghayur MN, Gilani AH. Ginger lowers blood pressure through blockade of voltage-dependent calcium channels. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2005;45:74-80. PubMed
  11. Thomson M, Al-Qattan KK, Al-Sawan SM, et al. The use of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) as a potential anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic agent. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002;67:475-8. PubMed
  12. Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62. PubMed
  13. Akhani SP, Vishwakarma SL, Goyal RK. Anti-diabetic activity of Zingiber officinale in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2004;56:101-5.
  14. Kruth P, Brosi E, Fux R, et al. Ginger-associated overanticoagulation by phenprocoumon. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:257-60. PubMed
  15. Jiang X, Williams KM, Liauw WS, et al. Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005;59:425-32. PubMed
  16. Borrelli F, Capasso R, Aviello G, et al. Effectiveness and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:849-56. PubMed
  17. Smith C, Crowther C, Wilson K et al. A randomized controlled trial of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:639-45. PubMed
  18. Jiang X, Blair EY, McLachlan AJ. Investigation of the effects of herbal medicines on warfarin response in healthy subjects: a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling approach. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:1370-8. PubMed
  19. Chittumma P, Kaewkiattikun K, Wiriyasiriwach B. Comparison of the effectiveness of ginger and vitamin B6 for treatment of nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai 2007;90:15-20.
  20. Ozgoli G, Goli M, Moattar F. Comparison of effects of ginger, mefenamic acid, and ibuprofen on pain in women with primary dysmenorrhea. J Altern Complement Med 2009;15:129-32. PubMed
  21. Black CD, Herring MP, Hurley DJ, O'Connor PJ. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces muscle pain caused by eccentric exercise. J Pain 2010;11:894-903. PubMed
  22. Heitmann K, Nordeng H, Holst L. Safety of ginger use in pregnancy: results from a large population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2012 Jun 17. PubMed
  23. Ryan JL, Heckler CE, Roscoe JA, et al. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) reduces acute chemotherapy-induced nausea: a URCC CCOP study of 576 patients. Support Care Cancer. 2012;20:1479-89. PubMed
  24. Backon J. Ginger as an antiemetic: possible side effects due to its thromboxane synthetase activity. Anaesthesia. 1991;46(8):705-6.. PubMed
  25. Abebe W. Herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2002;27:391-401. PubMed
  26. Argento A, Tiraferri E, Marzaloni M. [Oral anticoagulants and medicinal plants. An emerging interaction]. Ann Ital Med Int. 2000;15:139-43.
  27. Young HY, Liao JC, Chang YS, et al. Synergistic effect of ginger and nifedipine on human platelet aggregation: a study in hypertensive patients and normal volunteers. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34:545-51. PubMed
  28. Greenway FL, Liu Z, Martin CK, et al. Safety and efficacy of NT, an herbal supplement, in treating human obesity. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30:1737-41. PubMed
  29. Shalansky S, Lynd L, Richardson K, et al. Risk of warfarin-related bleeding events and supratherapeutic international normalized ratios associated with complementary and alternative medicine: a longitudinal analysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27:1237-47. PubMed
  30. Lesho EP, Saullo L, Udvari-Nagy S. A 76-year-old woman with erratic anticoagulation. Cleve Clin J Med. 2004;71:651-6. PubMed
  31. Okonta JM, Uboh M, Obonga WO. Herb-Drug Interaction: A Case Study of Effect of Ginger on the Pharmacokinetic of Metronidazole in Rabbit. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (India) 2008;70(230):232. PubMed
  32. Chiang HM, Chao PD, Hsiu SL, et al. Ginger significantly decreased the oral bioavailability of cyclosporine in rats. Am J Chin Med. 2006;34:845-55. PubMed
  33. Bhandari U, Kanojia R, Pillai KK. Effect of ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale on dyslipidaemia in diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;97:227-30. PubMed
  34. Ojewole JA. Analgesic, antiinflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects of ethanol extract of Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) rhizomes (Zingiberaceae) in mice and rats. Phytother Res. 2006;20:764-72.
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Dill 17 references
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Kiwi 32 references
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Fennel 17 references
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DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

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