Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 4 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

ParaTrex Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by GHC Global Healing Center

ParaTrex label
See full label image
Liquid Category: Botanical
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 16, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking ParaTrex against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

ParaTrex is a dietary supplement by GHC Global Healing Center with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for toothache and oral pain, digestive upset, antimicrobial and antifungal.Based on those ingredients, 1,014 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are organic Clove, Organic Wormwood. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

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Check Your Meds Against ParaTrex by GHC Global Healing Center

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with ParaTrex by GHC Global Healing Center — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of ParaTrex by GHC Global Healing Center

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Low disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Low

Most active ingredients don't disclose an individual amount — you can't tell how much of each you're getting.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 0 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • “Proprietary Blend” is a proprietary blend — the label gives one combined amount (1.23 mL) without saying how much of each component you get.

ParaTrex contains 6 ingredients, four of which are active: organic clove, wildcrafted black walnut, organic wormwood, organic American wormseed, wildcrafted anamu, and wildcrafted simaruba amara. The liquid is made with vegetable glycerin and purified water as inactive ingredients.

Clove is the most studied of these herbs and has been explored for respiratory support, particularly in ventilator-associated pneumonia, though evidence is limited for cough and pain. Black walnut, wormwood, and the other botanicals are traditional ingredients in herbal formulas, but evidence for their specific uses remains insufficient in our data.

Does it work?

Couldn't assess
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Not assessable

We hold no graded evidence for this product's ingredients for its stated purpose.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: Harmful organism cleansing.
  • We looked for evidence on: intestinal parasites, antimicrobial support, digestive health.
  • Our graded evidence for these ingredients doesn't cover that particular purpose.

Clove is rated possibly effective for ventilator-associated pneumonia (a lung infection that can occur in hospitalized patients on ventilators). However, for cough, pain, and indigestion, the evidence is insufficient to make a reliable rating.

For black walnut, wormwood, and the other ingredients in this formula, the evidence we hold does not establish their effectiveness for any condition. If you're considering this product for a specific health goal, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about what the current research supports.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient Clove Black Walnut Wormwood Simaruba

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 4 of the 4 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 4 of 4.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 4 of 4.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

Clove is generally well tolerated when used as a food spice, but this is a concentrated supplement. Clove oil can be toxic in large amounts—even small doses (5–10 mL) have caused serious toxicity in children.

Possible adverse effects from clove include burning, contact dermatitis, itching, mucous membrane irritation, and in rare cases, liver failure. Wormwood contains thujone, a neurotoxin, and poses risks of nausea, vomiting, kidney toxicity, and seizures at medicinal doses; chronic use has been linked to neurological damage.

Black walnut leaf, bark, and hull contain tannins that may cause gastrointestinal upset and skin irritation, and daily use has been associated with increased tongue cancer risk in one related species. Simaruba can cause vomiting in large amounts, and limited human safety data exist for all these ingredients.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient Clove Black Walnut Wormwood Simaruba

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 2 of the 4 matched ingredients can interact with medications — Clove, Wormwood.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs; seizure medications; diabetes medications.
  • For scale: 1,015 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before taking ParaTrex, check with your doctor or pharmacist if you take antidiabetes medications (because clove may lower blood sugar), anticonvulsants (because wormwood may reduce their effectiveness), anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs like warfarin or aspirin (because clove may increase bleeding risk), or any prescription metabolized by the liver's P450 enzymes, including many antidepressants, heart medications, and others. No interactions are documented for American wormseed or anamu, as we hold no data for them.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFormula with limited ingredient disclosure with no assessable stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

ParaTrex may appeal to those interested in herbal respiratory or digestive support, but the evidence for most of its ingredients is limited, and clove's liver-enzyme interactions create a significant medication concern. If you take diabetes drugs, anticonvulsants, or any prescription metabolized by the liver, do not start this product without checking with your doctor or pharmacist first.

Pregnancy and nursing also require a conversation with your healthcare provider before use.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 4 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Feb 26, 2014.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about ParaTrex, straight from the product label.

Brand GHC Global Healing Center
Barcode (UPC) 718122405657
Net contents 2 fl. Oz.; 59.2 mL
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Feb 26, 2014
DSLD ID 30407
Product type Botanical
Supplement form Liquid
Dietary claims / uses All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Gluten Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for ParaTrex by GHC Global Healing Center, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
0.25 tsp
Maximum serving Sizes:
0.25 tsp
Servings per container
48
UPC/BARCODE
718122405657
IngredientAmount% DV
Proprietary Blend1.23 mL--
organic Clove0 NP--
Wildcrafted Black Walnut0 NP--
Organic Wormwood0 NP--
Organic American Wormseed0 NP--
Wildcrafted Anamu0 NP--
Wildcrafted Simarouba Amara0 NP--

Other ingredients: USP Kosher certified Vegetable Glycerin, purified water

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Storage

STORE TIGHTLY CLOSED IN A COOL, DRY PLACE.

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

General Statements

Lot #: Exp Date:

Harmful Organism Cleansing

Brand IP Statement(s)

Spagyrex(TM) Formula

Paratrex(R) is a comprehensive combination of seven all-natural ingredients designed to help promote the cleansing and detoxification of harmful organisms.

Precautions

WARNING: KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

CONSULT YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER BEFORE TAKING IN PREGNANT OR NURSING, OR FOR ANY ADDITIONAL CONCERNS.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Seals/Symbols

GMO FREE -NO ANIMAL TESTING -GLUTEN FREE -V vegan -MADE IN THE USA

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

SUGGESTED USE: Take 1 serving, approximately 2 droppers, in the morning and 1 serving in the afternoon before meals.

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

ParaTrex by GHC Global Healing Center label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

ParaTrex label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in ParaTrex by GHC Global Healing Center

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size0.25 tsp Dosage formLiquid Servings per container48 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

Proprietary Blend

1.23 mL per serving

Other (inactive) ingredients: USP Kosher certified Vegetable Glycerin, Purified water. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

ParaTrex by GHC Global Healing Center Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against ParaTrex?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
1,014Drugs
954 Moderate 60 Minor

Ingredients driving the most interactions

organic Clove 977
Organic Wormwood 50

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in ParaTrex interact with 1,014 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

2 of the 6 ingredients in ParaTrex interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. organic Clove Organic Wormwood

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in ParaTrex with known interactions, here are the types of medications they can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

organic Clove7 drug types · 977 drugs

Antidiabetes Drugs

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove extracts with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Clinical and laboratory research suggest that polyphenol extracts from clove flower buds might lower blood glucose levels. Dosing adjustments for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be necessary when taken with clove. Monitor blood glucose levels closely.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (Cyp1A2) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP1A2 in a dose-dependent manner,. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Cyp2C9) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, inhibits CYP2C9 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Cyp2D6) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP2D6.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP2D6 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (Cyp3A4) Substrates

Theoretically, concomitant use of clove may increase levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
In vitro research shows that eugenol, the principal constituent of clove, can inhibit CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Anticoagulant/Antiplatelet Drugs

Theoretically, clove oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Laboratory research suggests that eugenol, a constituent of clove, has antiplatelet activity. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Unlikely Evidence D
Ibuprofen (Advil, Others)

Theoretically, topical application of clove oil with ibuprofen might increase the absorption and side effects of topical ibuprofen.
Laboratory research shows that topical application of clove oil increases the absorption of topical ibuprofen. This interaction has not been reported in humans.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
organic Clove full monograph & interactions

Organic Wormwood1 drug type · 50 drugs

Anticonvulsants

Theoretically, taking wormwood might interfere with the effects of anticonvulsant drugs.
Thujone, a constituent of wormwood, has convulsant effects.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Organic Wormwood full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for ParaTrex, from the product label.

GHC Global Healing Center

See all GHC Global Healing Center products
Name
GHC ND Operations, LTD.
City
Houston
State
Texas
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

ParaTrex by GHC Global Healing Center: Common Questions

Does ParaTrex by GHC Global Healing Center interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, ParaTrex has a known interaction with 1,014 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
ParaTrex contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Is this safe for my kids?
Clove oil is toxic in small amounts (5–10 mL) in children and has caused serious toxicity and seizures in case reports. This supplement is not appropriate for children without explicit guidance from their pediatrician. Talk with your child's doctor before considering it.
What is wormwood actually for?
Wormwood is traditionally used to support digestion and bile flow, but the evidence we have is not sufficient to confirm it works for those purposes. It does contain thujone, a neurotoxin, so medicinal doses carry real safety concerns.
Can I take this if I'm pregnant?
Wormwood is considered possibly unsafe in pregnancy because it may stimulate the uterus, and simaruba is rated likely unsafe. Black walnut is likely safe, but clove is likely safe too. Because this is a blend, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking it during pregnancy to weigh the risks and benefits of the whole product.
Will this interact with my blood thinner?
Clove theoretically may increase bleeding risk with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs like warfarin or aspirin, though this hasn't been reported in humans yet. Do not start this product without checking with your doctor or pharmacist first.
What's in the bottle besides the herbs?
The liquid contains vegetable glycerin and purified water as inactive ingredients—no artificial fillers or additives.
Can I breastfeed while taking this?
Clove is likely safe during breastfeeding, but wormwood is not recommended because there is not enough safety information, and simaruba is rated likely unsafe. Because this is a blend with multiple ingredients of concern, talk with your doctor or pharmacist about whether it's right for you while nursing.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if ParaTrex is safe with your meds?

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Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

ParaTrex label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind ParaTrex’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

Clove

Interacts with 977 drugs

Clove is a common cooking spice that is also used in traditional medicine, especially as a topical numbing agent for tooth pain thanks to its main compound, eugenol. Food amounts are general...

Read the full Clove monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Black Walnut

Black walnut is a tree whose green hulls are traditionally used as a natural antiparasitic and digestive remedy, but solid human evidence for these uses is lacking. It contains a compound ca...

Read the full Black Walnut monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Wormwood

Interacts with 50 drugs

Wormwood is a very bitter herb traditionally used to stimulate appetite and ease digestion, and it has early research interest in Crohn's disease. It contains thujone, which can be toxic in...

Read the full Wormwood monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Simaruba

Simaruba (Simarouba amara) is a tropical tree whose bark has long been used in folk medicine for diarrhea, dysentery, and fevers. Modern, high-quality human studies are very limited, so its...

Read the full Simaruba monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

ParaTrex's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 41 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

Clove 26 references
  1. The Review of Natural Products by Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer Co., 1999.
  2. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182
  3. Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Contact Dermatitis 1996;35:157-62. PubMed
  4. Chen SJ, Wang MH, Chen IJ. Antiplatelet and calcium inhibitory properties of eugenol and sodium eugenol acetate. Gen Pharmacol 1996;27:629-33. PubMed
  5. Malson JL, Lee EM, Murty R, et al. Clove cigarette smoking: biochemical, physiological, and subjective effects. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;74:739-45. PubMed
  6. Kirsch CM, Yenokida GG, Jensen WA, et al. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema due to the intravenous administration of clove oil. Thorax 1990;45:235-6. PubMed
  7. Pallares, D. E. Link between clove cigarettes and urticaria? Postgrad.Med 10-1-1999;106(4):153. PubMed
  8. Barnard, D. R. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol. 1999;36(5):625-629. PubMed
  9. Sanchez-Perez, J. and Garcia-Diez, A. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from eugenol, oil of cinnamon and oil of cloves in a physiotherapist. Contact Dermatitis 1999;41(6):346-347. PubMed
  10. Andersen, K. E., Johansen, J. D., Bruze, M., Frosch, P. J., Goossens, A., Lepoittevin, J. P., Rastogi, S., White, I., and Menne, T. The time-dose-response relationship for elicitation of contact dermatitis in isoeugenol allergic individuals. Toxicol.Appl PubMed
  11. Alqareer, A., Alyahya, A., and Andersson, L. The effect of clove and benzocaine versus placebo as topical anesthetics. J Dent 2006;34(10):747-750. PubMed
  12. Lane, B. W., Ellenhorn, M. J., Hulbert, T. V., and McCarron, M. Clove oil ingestion in an infant. Hum.Exp Toxicol. 1991;10(4):291-294. PubMed
  13. Quirce, S., Fernandez-Nieto, M., del, Pozo, V, Sastre, B., and Sastre, J. Occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by eugenol in a hairdresser. Allergy 2008;63(1):137-138. PubMed
  14. Srivastava, K. C. and Malhotra, N. Acetyl eugenol, a component of oil of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.) inhibits aggregation and alters arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1991;42(1):73-81. PubMed
  15. Dyrbye, B. A., Dubois, L., Vink, R., and Horn, J. A patient with clove oil intoxication. Anaesth.Intensive Care 2012;40(2):365-366.
  16. Guidotti, T. L., Laing, L., and Prakash, U. B. Clove cigarettes. The basis for concern regarding health effects. West J Med 1989;151(2):220-228.
  17. Anonymous. Evaluation of the health hazard of clove cigarettes. Council on Scientific Affairs. JAMA 12-23-1988;260(24):3641-3644. DOI
  18. Romaguera, C., Alomar, A., Camarasa, J. M., Garcia, Bravo B., Garcia, Perez A., Grimalt, F., Guerra, P., Lopez, Gorretcher B., Pascual, A. M., Miranda, A., and . Contact dermatitis in children. Contact Dermatitis 1985;12(5):283-284. PubMed
  19. Hackett, P. H., Rodriguez, G., and Roach, R. C. Clove cigarettes and high-altitude pulmonary edema. JAMA 6-28-1985;253(24):3551-3552. DOI
  20. Isaacs, G. Permanent local anaesthesia and anhidrosis after clove oil spillage. Lancet 4-16-1983;1(8329):882. PubMed
  21. Saeed, S. A. and Gilani, A. H. Antithrombotic activity of clove oil. J Pak Med Assoc 1994;44(5):112-115.
  22. Hartnoll, G., Moore, D., and Douek, D. Near fatal ingestion of oil of cloves. Arch.Dis Child 1993;69(3):392-393. PubMed
  23. Srivastava, K. C. Antiplatelet principles from a food spice clove (Syzygium aromaticum L) [corrected]. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 1993;48(5):363-372.
  24. Jiang Q, Wu Y, Zhang H, et al. Development of essential oils as skin permeation enhancers: penetration enhancement effect and mechanism of action. Pharmaceutical Biol. 2017;55(1):1592-1600. PubMed
  25. Mohan R, Jose S, Mulakkal J, Karpinsky-Semper D, Swick AG, Krishnakumar IM. Water-soluble polyphenol-rich clove extract lowers pre- and post-prandial blood glucose levels in healthy and prediabetic volunteers: an open label pilot study. BMC Complement Alt PubMed
  26. Alharbi NFM, Ahad A, Bin Jardan YA, Al-Jenoobi FI. Effect of eugenol on cytochrome P450 1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4 activity in human liver microsomes. Saudi Pharm J 2024;32(7):102118. PubMed

See these in context on the Clove monograph →

Black Walnut 3 references
  1. Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines. Trans. S. Klein. Boston, MA: American Botanical Council, 1998.
  2. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, LLC 1997.
  3. Food and Drug Administration. Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA); Public Law 108-282, Title II. Accessed on May 19, 2021. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-allergensgluten-free-guidance-documents-regulatory-infor

See these in context on the Black Walnut monograph →

Wormwood 10 references
  1. Weisbord SD, Soule JB, Kimmel PL. Poison on line-acute renal failure caused by oil of wormwood purchased through the internet. N Engl J Med 1997;337:825-7. PubMed
  2. Gambelunghe C, Melai P. Absinthe: enjoying a new popularity among young people? Forensic Sci Int 2002;130:183-6.
  3. Hold KM, Sirisoma NS, Casida JE. Detoxification of alpha- and beta-Thujones (the active ingredients of absinthe): site specificity and species differences in cytochrome P450 oxidation in vitro and in vivo. Chem Res Toxicol 2001;14:589-95.
  4. Lachenmeier DW, Walch SG, Padosch SA, Kroner LU. Absinthe--a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2006;46:365-77.
  5. Padosch SA, Lachenmeier DW, Kroner LU. Absinthism: a fictitious 19th century syndrome with present impact. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2006;1:14. PubMed
  6. Lachenmeier DW, Emmert J, Kuballa T, Sartor G. Thujone--cause of absinthism? Forensic Sci Int 2006;158:1-8. PubMed
  7. Dettling, A., Grass, H., Schuff, A., Skopp, G., Strohbeck-Kuehner, P., and Haffner, H. T. Absinthe: attention performance and mood under the influence of thujone. J Stud.Alcohol 2004;65(5):573-581. PubMed
  8. Benezet-Mazuecos, J. and de la Fuente, A. Electrocardiographic findings after acute absinthe intoxication. Int J Cardiol. 11-10-2006;113(2):e48-e50. PubMed
  9. El Makrini NI, Hassam B. Artemisia absinthium: burning plant! Pan Afr Med J. 2016 Jan 22;23:10. PubMed
  10. Kocaoglu C, Ozel A. Persistent metabolic acidosis and severe diarrhoea due to Artemisia absinthium poisoning. J Pak Med Assoc. 2014 Sep;64(9):1081-3.

See these in context on the Wormwood monograph →

Simaruba 2 references
  1. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke C. PDR for Herbal Medicines. 1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
  2. Hocking GM. A dictionary of natural products. 2nd ed. Medford, OR: Plexus Publishing, 1997.

See these in context on the Simaruba monograph →

Parts of this content are provided by the Therapeutic Research Center, LLC.

DISCLAIMER: Currently this does not check for drug-drug interactions. This is not an all-inclusive comprehensive list of potential interactions and is for informational purposes only. Not all interactions are known or well-reported in the scientific literature, and new interactions are continually being reported. Input is needed from a qualified healthcare provider including a pharmacist before starting any therapy. Application of clinical judgment is necessary.

© 2021 Therapeutic Research Center, LLC

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