Interactions on record — worth a quick check against your medications. Based on 3 of 6 ingredients. Check your meds →
Dietary supplement

PostPump Unflavored Ingredients & Drug Interactions

by Do Vitamins

PostPump Unflavored label
See full label image
Powder Category: Other Combinations
Most serious interaction: Moderate
Clinical methodology reviewed by · Updated Sep 23, 2026 · Label data from the NIH DSLD
What is this page for?

First and foremost: checking PostPump Unflavored against your medications. The heart of this page is the interaction checker and the full interaction report — how this product’s ingredients may interact with prescription and over-the-counter medicines you may be taking.

Around that, we add a pharmacist’s high-level view of the product as a whole — what’s inside, the evidence for its stated use, how transparent the label is, and what safety data exists — so you can see the full picture in one place. It’s educational information from our licensed clinical databases and the clinical staff at HelloPharmacist — not medical advice — and we don’t sell or endorse products. Our editorial policy

The interaction bottom line Most serious interaction: Moderate

PostPump Unflavored is a dietary supplement by Do Vitamins with 6 active ingredients. Its ingredients are commonly taken for exercise performance and recovery, heart health, weight management.Based on those ingredients, 19 medications have a known interaction with it, the most serious rated moderate. The ingredients most likely to interact are L-Carnitine L-Tartrate. Use the checker below to test your specific medication, or read the full HelloPharmacist Interaction Report.

Jump to a section

Check Your Meds Against PostPump Unflavored by Do Vitamins

Ask about any prescription or over-the-counter medication and we check it for interactions with PostPump Unflavored by Do Vitamins — and tell you which ingredient is responsible.

Pharmacist-reviewed data Checks every ingredient Answer in seconds
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HelloPharmacist Scorecard of PostPump Unflavored by Do Vitamins

Our pharmacy team’s full take, with four database checks built into the cards below — a summary of what is known, not a grade of the product itself.

From our pharmacy team — supplement deep dive

Generated from HelloPharmacist’s pharmacist-curated databases and editorial rules · Last generated Sep 3, 2026

What’s inside

Full disclosure
Ingredient Transparency · database check
Full

Every active ingredient lists its own amount on the label.

Why this rating?
  • The label discloses an exact amount for 6 of its 6 active ingredients.
  • No proprietary blends here — you can verify the dose of every single component.

PostPump Unflavored is a 6-ingredient powder with three branched-chain amino acids — L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine — plus L-carnitine L-tartrate, creatine monohydrate, and betaine anhydrous. These are amino acids and compounds that support muscle recovery and athletic performance.

The product contains no inactive ingredients beyond the actives themselves.

Does it work?

Moderate evidence
Evidence for Intended Use · database check
By FDA rules, dietary supplements can’t claim to treat, cure, or prevent disease — so labels speak in careful marketing language. We discern each product’s intended use from its name, label claims, and label statements, then grade the clinical evidence for that use. How these ratings are computed
Moderate

Some clinical evidence supports this product's ingredients for its stated purpose, but it isn't conclusive.

Why this rating?
  • The label markets this product for: muscle growth, strength, power and recovery.
  • We looked for evidence on: Athletic performance, Exercise-induced muscle damage, Exercise-induced muscle soreness, Muscle breakdown, Muscle strength, Anaerobic endurance — and 1 related terms.
  • The strongest evidence on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Athletic performance (Natural Medicines).
  • Also on file: Creatine is rated "Possibly Effective" for Muscle strength.
  • Also on file: Creatine is rated "Insufficient Reliable Evidence To Rate" for Muscle breakdown.

The evidence varies by ingredient. L-carnitine is effective for treating L-carnitine deficiency and possibly effective for high cholesterol, heart failure, and angina.

Creatine is possibly effective for muscle strength, athletic performance, and age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia), though it's possibly ineffective for Huntington disease and bone density loss. Betaine is effective for homocystinuria and possibly effective for elevated homocysteine levels; evidence for depression, GERD, and fatty liver disease is insufficient.

We hold no effectiveness ratings for the three branched-chain amino acids.

The evidence, ingredient by ingredient L-carnitine Creatine Betaine Anhydrous

How safe is it?

Well-documented data
Safety Information · database check
Well characterized

Adverse-effect, pregnancy, and general safety data are on file for most of these ingredients.

Why this rating?
  • We hold adverse-effect (side-effect) data for 3 of the 3 matched ingredients.
  • Pregnancy & breastfeeding safety ratings cover 3 of 3.
  • General safety write-ups exist for 3 of 3.
  • Remember: this measures how much safety information exists. Thin data is not the same as being safe.

L-carnitine and creatine are generally well tolerated, but both can cause stomach upset, diarrhea, and nausea. L-carnitine may also cause a fishy body odor at high doses; creatine can cause water retention and muscle cramps.

Betaine is generally well tolerated too but can trigger body odor, diarrhea, and GI upset. Serious adverse effects are rare across all three.

Pregnancy safety is not established for creatine — avoid it. L-carnitine and betaine lack pregnancy data, so the safety data advises caution.

For breastfeeding, creatine should be avoided; L-carnitine and betaine data is insufficient, so caution is advised. Anyone with kidney issues should be especially careful with creatine.

Side effects, ingredient by ingredient L-carnitine Creatine Betaine Anhydrous

Meds to double-check

Moderate interaction found
Known Interaction Concern · database check
Moderate identified

The most serious documented interaction for these ingredients is Moderate. Check your medications for a personalized result.

Why this rating?
  • 1 of the 3 matched ingredients can interact with medications — L-carnitine.
  • The most serious interaction on file is rated Moderate.
  • Some involve high-stakes drug classes: anticoagulant / antiplatelet drugs.
  • For scale: 19 individual medications appear in the full list. A big number alone doesn't make a product dangerous — what matters is whether YOUR medication is on it, so run yours through the interaction checker on this page.

Before you take PostPump Unflavored, double-check if you're on blood thinners like warfarin or acenocoumarol — L-carnitine may boost their effect and your bleeding risk. Also check if you take thyroid hormone replacement; L-carnitine may reduce how well it works.

If you take either, your doctor or pharmacist needs to know before you start.

Check your own medication Run your meds through the checker above

The bottom line

Scorecard at a glanceFully disclosed formula with some supporting evidence for its stated purpose. Moderate medication interactions have been identified, and safety information is well characterized.

PostPump Unflavored is aimed at people looking to support muscle recovery and workout performance. If you take a blood thinner like warfarin or any thyroid hormone, talk with your doctor or pharmacist before starting — the L-carnitine may interact.

Likewise, if you have kidney problems, check first. Pregnant or nursing?

Discuss this one with your healthcare provider before taking it.

Educational only — not medical advice; always confirm with your pharmacist. Our editorial policy · How we use AI

Assessment coverage: 3 of 6 active ingredients matched to our full ingredient reviews (monographs). Based on the product label dated Jun 16, 2022.

This Scorecard evaluates available label information, ingredient evidence, and known medication-safety considerations. It does not independently verify product identity, purity, potency, contamination, or manufacturing quality. How these ratings are computed

At a glance

General information

Key facts about PostPump Unflavored, straight from the product label.

Brand Do Vitamins
Barcode (UPC) 859572003090
Net contents 232.5 Gram(s); 8.2 Oz(s)
Market status On market
Date entered into DSLD Jun 16, 2022
DSLD ID 269521
Product type Other Combinations
Supplement form Powder
Dietary claims / uses Nutrient, All Other, Structure/Function
Intended target group(s) Vegan, Vegetarian, Adult (18 - 50 Years), Women (not pregnant or lactating), Gluten Free, Dairy Free
From the label
Everything in this section is reproduced from the manufacturer’s own product label — it’s the label speaking, not HelloPharmacist. We show it so you can see exactly what the maker states; we don’t verify or endorse those statements.

Supplement Facts

The label details for PostPump Unflavored by Do Vitamins, sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database.

Supplement Facts

Daily Value (DV) Target Group(s):
Adults and children 4 or more years of age
Minimum serving Sizes:
7.75 Gram(s)
Maximum serving Sizes:
7.75 Gram(s)
Servings per container
30
UPC/BARCODE
859572003090
IngredientAmount% DV
L-Leucine1500 mg--
L-Isoleucine750 mg--
L-Valine750 mg--
L-Carnitine L-Tartrate500 mg--
Creatine Monohydrate3000 mg--
Betaine Anhydrous1250 mg--

Other ingredients: None

Tap any ingredient to jump to its full detail below.

Label statements
These statements are the manufacturer’s wording, reproduced from the product label — the label is saying it, not HelloPharmacist. We don’t verify or endorse them.
Brand IP Statement(s)

Purity and Performance; No Pollutants.

Creapure is a registered trademark of AlzChem AG. Carnipure and the Carnipure logo are trademarks of Lonza Ltd. Ajipure is a registered trademark of Ajinomoto Co.

Copyright 2020 Do Vitamins. All rights reserved.

Formulation

Premium, pure, third-party tested ingredients you can trust.

No sugar No fillers No gluten No GMO No banned substances No artificial colors, flavors or sweeteners.

PostPump contains no added ingredients or fillers and is best mixed in a shaker bottle.

What to expect Nutrition you need for optimal recovery. PostPump supports muscle growth, reduces muscle soreness, builds strength and power, improves anaerobic endurance, and speeds recovery between workouts.

Pure post-workout recovery

Contains no: wheat, gluten, soy, milk, egg, shellfish, preservatives, artificial sweeteners/colors/flavors.

Suitable for vegans and vegetarians.

Support muscle growth Reduce muscle soreness Build strength and power Improve anaerobic endurance Speed recovery between workouts

Suggested/Recommended/Usage/Directions

How to use Take 1-2 scoops after training. Flavor as desired; mix with your favorite juice, sports drink, or protein powder. PostPump contains no added ingredients or fillers and is best mixed in a shaker bottle. For best results, use Do Vitamins PurePump before your workout and PostPump after.

Use within 60 days of opening.

Seals/Symbols

Labdoor tested for purity Labdoor tested for sport PF Certified Paleo Friendly V Certified Vegan vegan.org This product is Keto Certified Ketocertified.com

GMP Quality Good Manufacturing Practice Certification Manufactured in a cGMP facility

AjiPure Amino Acids

General Statements

Vitamin Angels

dovitamins.com @dovitamins.com

FDA Disclaimer Statement

These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

FDA Statement of Identity

Dietary Supplement

Precautions

Warning: Do not use if pregnant, nursing, or under the age of 18. Consult your health care practitioner before taking this or any dietary supplement, especially if you have or suspect you may have a medical condition, or are taking any medications.

Warning: Do not use if pregnant, nursing, or under the age of 18. Keep out of reach of children.

Do not exceed recommended dose. Immediately discontinue use and call your health care practitioner if you experience any adverse reaction. Do not eat freshness packet; keep in bottle.

Storage

Store in a cool, dry place.

Formula

PF Certified Paleo Friendly This product is Keto Certified Ketocertified.com

Is this label outdated? Report a formula or label change and our pharmacy team will review it.

See for yourself

PostPump Unflavored by Do Vitamins label

The label scan from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database. Tap to enlarge.

PostPump Unflavored label

Label images are published by the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database for the version of this product on file. Always read your actual product label.

View the full label (PDF)
What’s inside

The Ingredients in PostPump Unflavored by Do Vitamins

These are the 6 active ingredients this product is made of. Select any to open its full monograph.

Serving size7.75 Gram(s) Dosage formPowder Servings per container30 Amounts shown are per serving.

Most supplement products combine several ingredients, and a medication can interact with the product through any one of them. Each ingredient below shows whether it has known drug interactions.

L-Leucine

1500 mg per serving

L-Isoleucine

750 mg per serving

L-Valine

750 mg per serving

L-Carnitine L-Tartrate

Interacts with
19 drugs
500 mg per serving

L-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most...

L-Carnitine L-Tartrate monograph & interactions

Creatine Monohydrate

No known
interactions
3000 mg per serving

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity ac...

Creatine Monohydrate monograph & interactions

Betaine Anhydrous

No known
interactions
1250 mg per serving

Betaine anhydrous (also called trimethylglycine) is a compound found in foods like beets, spinach, and whole grains, and is sold as a supplement and a...

Betaine Anhydrous monograph & interactions

Other (inactive) ingredients: None. These complete the product’s ingredient list but are not active constituents.

Interaction report

PostPump Unflavored by Do Vitamins Drug Interactions

Want to check YOUR meds against PostPump Unflavored?

Ask about interactions with your drugs in plain English — “Can I take it with lisinopril?” — and we find you the answer in seconds, ingredient by ingredient.

 Go to the checker
19Drugs
19 Moderate

Ingredients driving the most interactions

L-Carnitine L-Tartrate 19

Individual Drug Interactions

The ingredients in PostPump Unflavored interact with 19 drugs. Click any drug to see the details.

1 of the 6 ingredients in PostPump Unflavored interact with drugs. Each result below shows which ingredient is responsible. L-Carnitine L-Tartrate

Each ingredient & the kinds of drugs it affects

For each ingredient in PostPump Unflavored with known interactions, here are the types of medications it can affect. Open any type for the detail — or search your exact drug in the checker above.

L-Carnitine L-Tartrate3 drug types · 19 drugs

Acenocoumarol (Sintrom)

Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol.
L-carnitine might enhance the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, an oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin, but shorter-acting. There are at least two case reports of INR elevation with concomitant use. In one case, a 33-year-old male with a previously stable INR had an elevated INR of 4.65 after L-carnitine was started and continued for 10 weeks. INR normalized after discontinuation of the L-carnitine-containing product.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
Thyroid Hormone

Theoretically, L-carnitine might decrease the effectiveness of thyroid hormone replacement.
L-carnitine appears to act as a peripheral thyroid hormone antagonist by inhibiting entry of thyroid hormone into the nucleus of cells. Taking L-carnitine also seems to diminish some of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Likelihood Probable Evidence B
Warfarin (Coumadin)

Theoretically, L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
L-carnitine might increase the anticoagulant effects of acenocoumarol, a shorter-acting oral anticoagulant similar to warfarin. There is not enough information to know whether this interaction occurs with L-carnitine and warfarin.

Likelihood Possible Evidence D
L-Carnitine L-Tartrate full monograph & interactions
The maker

Brand information

Manufacturer and brand details for PostPump Unflavored, from the product label.

Do Vitamins

See all Do Vitamins products
Name
Do Vitamins, LLC.
City
Newark
State
DE
ZipCode
19702
Phone Number
1-800-380-1283
Web Address
dovitamins.com
Pharmacist Counseling Corner

PostPump Unflavored by Do Vitamins: Common Questions

Does PostPump Unflavored by Do Vitamins interact with any medications?
Yes. Based on its ingredients, PostPump Unflavored has a known interaction with 19 medications. Use the checker to see how it interacts with a specific drug.
How can one product interact with so many drugs?
PostPump Unflavored contains 6 active ingredients, and an interaction can come from any of them. We check every ingredient, combine the results into one list per medication, and show which ingredient and mechanism is responsible.
Where does this information come from?
The product label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD); the interaction data is built on the Natural Medicines database and reviewed by HelloPharmacist pharmacists.
Does L-carnitine actually work?
L-carnitine is effective for treating a true L-carnitine deficiency. It's possibly effective for high cholesterol, heart failure, and chest pain (angina). If you're looking to boost it for general athletic performance without a diagnosed deficiency, the evidence is more limited — talk with your healthcare provider about whether it makes sense for your goals.
What about creatine — will it help my workouts?
Creatine is possibly effective for muscle strength and athletic performance, so yes, it may help. It's also possibly effective for age-related muscle loss. Just know it can cause water retention and dehydration — stay hydrated and avoid it if you have kidney problems unless your doctor clears it.
Can I take this while pregnant?
Creatine should be avoided during pregnancy since safety hasn't been established. L-carnitine and betaine lack solid pregnancy data, so we can't say either way. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist before taking PostPump Unflavored if you're pregnant.
Is it safe while breastfeeding?
L-carnitine is possibly safe for breastfeeding, but safety data for creatine and betaine isn't there — caution is advised with all three. Check with your doctor or pharmacist before using this product if you're nursing.
Will this cause side effects?
Most common side effects are mild — stomach upset, diarrhea, nausea, and body odor. Creatine can cause water retention and muscle cramps; serious side effects are rare. If your stomach is sensitive or you're prone to GI issues, start slow and see how you tolerate it.
Why does L-carnitine sometimes smell fishy?
A fish-like body odor is a known side effect of L-carnitine, especially at higher doses. It comes from how your body breaks down the compound. It's not harmful, just noticeable — and it typically fades if you stop or lower your dose.

Written and reviewed by the HelloPharmacist editorial staff. Our editorial policy

Not sure if PostPump Unflavored is safe with your meds?

Our pharmacists answer your medication & supplement questions — free.

Ask a pharmacist

Label information is sourced from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database and reflects the product version on file; always read your actual product label. This page is for education only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Confirm with your pharmacist or doctor before combining supplements and medications.

PostPump Unflavored label
Go deeper

The Full Monographs Behind PostPump Unflavored’s Ingredients

Every ingredient we hold a full HelloPharmacist monograph for — uses, evidence, safety, and the complete interaction list.

Herb & supplement monograph

L-carnitine

Interacts with 19 drugs

L-carnitine is a compound your body makes naturally and also gets from foods like meat. It helps cells turn fat into energy, and supplements are most clearly useful for people with a true ca...

Read the full L-carnitine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Creatine

Creatine is one of the most studied sports supplements, with solid evidence that it can boost strength and performance during short, high-intensity activities like weightlifting and sprintin...

Read the full Creatine monograph → Herb & supplement monograph

Betaine Anhydrous

Betaine anhydrous (also called trimethylglycine) is a compound found in foods like beets, spinach, and whole grains, and is sold as a supplement and as a prescription medicine for a rare gen...

Read the full Betaine Anhydrous monograph →
Sources

Sources & How We Checked

PostPump Unflavored's label data comes from the NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database; the ingredient interaction data is from the Natural Medicines database, reviewed by our pharmacists.

Content is written and reviewed by licensed HelloPharmacist pharmacists. See our data sources and editorial standards for how this information is built and checked.

The 138 references behind this product’s interaction data

Every citation that drives the interaction findings for this product’s ingredients, from the evidence-graded Natural Medicines (TRC Healthcare) database. Open an ingredient to browse its citations — links open the study on PubMed or the publisher’s site.

L-carnitine 41 references
  1. Ellaway CM, Williams K, Leonard H, et al. Rett syndrome: randomized controlled trial of L-carnitine. J Child Neurol 1999;14:162-7. PubMed
  2. Anon. Carnitor (levocarnitine) package insert. Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals Inc, Gaithersburg, MD. December 1999.
  3. Cherchi A, Lai C, Angelino F, et al. Effects of L-carnitine on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1985;23:569-72.
  4. Plioplys AV, Plioplys S. Amantadine and L-carnitine treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Neuropsychobiology 1997;35:16-23. PubMed
  5. Benvenga S, Ruggeri RM, Russo A, et al. Usefulness of L-carnitine, a naturally occurring peripheral antagonist of thyroid hormone action, in iatrogenic hyperthyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Meta
  6. Martinez E, Domingo P, Roca-Cusachs A. Potentiation of acenocoumarol action by L-carnitine. J Intern Med 1993;233:94.
  7. Bachmann HU, Hoffmann A. Interaction of food supplement L-carnitine with oral anticoagulant acenocoumarol. Swiss Med Wkly 2004;134:385. PubMed
  8. Evans AM, Fornasini G. Pharmacokinetics of L-carnitine. Clin Pharmacokinet 2003;42:941-67. PubMed
  9. 12761 Benvenga S, Amato A, Calvani M, Trimarchi F. Effects of carnitine on thyroid hormone action. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1033:158-67. PubMed
  10. Ciacci C, Peluso G, Iannoni E, et al. L-Carnitine in the treatment of fatigue in adult celiac disease patients: a pilot study. Dig Liver Dis 2007;39:922-8. PubMed
  11. Cruciani RA, Dvorkin E, Homel P, et al. Safety, tolerability and symptom outcomes associated with L-carnitine supplementation in patients with cancer, fatigue, and carnitine deficiency: a phase I/II study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2006;32:551-9. PubMed
  12. Lebrun C, Alchaar H, Candito M, et al. Levocarnitine administration in multiple sclerosis patients with immunosuppressive therapy-induced fatigue. Mult Scler 2006;12:321-4. PubMed
  13. Malaguarnera M, Cammalleri L, Gargante MP, et al. L-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1738-44. PubMed
  14. Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C, et al. Randomized phase III clinical trial of five different arms of treatment in 322 patients with cancer cachexia. Oncologist 2010;15:200-11.
  15. Angelova-Fischer I, Rippke F, Fischer TW, Neufang G, Zillikens D. A double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled efficacy assessment study of a skin care formulation for improvement of mild to moderately severe acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013 Jul PubMed
  16. Hatamkhani S, Khalili H, Karimzadeh I, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Abdollahi A, Jafari S. Carnitine for prevention of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity: a randomized, clinical trial. J Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2014 May;29(5):997-1004. PubMed
  17. Boehm G, Stahl B. Oligosaccharides from milk. J Nutr 2007;137(3 Suppl 2):847S-849S.
  18. Van Oudheusden, L. J. and Scholte, H. R. Efficacy of carnitine in the treatment of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Prostaglandins Leukot.Essent.Fatty Acids 2002;67(1):33-38. PubMed
  19. Derosa, G., Cicero, A. F., Gaddi, A., Mugellini, A., Ciccarelli, L., and Fogari, R. The effect of L-carnitine on plasma lipoprotein(a) levels in hypercholesterolemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther 2003;25(5):1429-1439. PubMed
  20. Foitzik, K., Hoting, E., Heinrich, U., Tronnier, H., and Paus, R. Indications that topical L-carnitin-L-tartrate promotes human hair growth in vivo. J Dermatol.Sci 2007;48(2):141-144. PubMed
  21. Kumar, A., Singh, R. B., Saxena, M., Niaz, M. A., Josh, S. R., Chattopadhyay, P., Mechirova, V., Pella, D., and Fedacko, J. Effect of carni Q-gel (ubiquinol and carnitine) on cytokines in patients with heart failure in the Tishcon study. Acta Cardiol. 20
  22. Cruciani, R. A., Dvorkin, E., Homel, P., Culliney, B., Malamud, S., Lapin, J., Portenoy, R. K., and Esteban-Cruciani, N. L-carnitine supplementation in patients with advanced cancer and carnitine deficiency: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Pa PubMed
  23. Malaguarnera, M., Vacante, M., Avitabile, T., Malaguarnera, M., Cammalleri, L., and Motta, M. L-Carnitine supplementation reduces oxidized LDL cholesterol in patients with diabetes. Am J Clin.Nutr 2009;89(1):71-76. PubMed
  24. Alvarez, T. M., Guardiola, P. D., Roldan, J. O., Elviro, R., Wevers, R., and Guijarro, G. [Primary trimethylaminuria: the fish odor syndrome]. Endocrinol.Nutr. 2009;56(6):337-340.
  25. Wu, Z. M., Lu, X., Wang, Y. W., Sun, J., Tao, J. W., Yin, F. H., and Cheng, H. J. [Short-term medication of L-carnitine before intracytoplasmic sperm injection for infertile men with oligoasthenozoospermia]. Zhonghua Nan.Ke.Xue 2012;18(3):253-256.
  26. Tarighat, Esfanjani A., Mahdavi, R., Ebrahimi, Mameghani M., Talebi, M., Nikniaz, Z., and Safaiyan, A. The effects of magnesium, L-carnitine, and concurrent magnesium-L-carnitine supplementation in migraine prophylaxis. Biol.Trace Elem.Res 2012;150(1-3): PubMed
  27. DiNicolantonio, J. J., Lavie, C. J., Fares, H., Menezes, A. R., and O'Keefe, J. H. L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013;88(6):544-551. PubMed
  28. Huang, W. W., Wang, M. Y., Shi, H. M., Peng, Y., Peng, C. S., Zhang, M., Li, Y., Lu, J., and Li, X. B. Comparative study of bioactive constituents in crude and processed Glycyrrhizae radix and their respective metabolic profiles in gastrointestinal tract
  29. Madsen KL, Preisler N, Orngreen MC, Andersen SP, Olesen JH, Lund AM, Vissing J. Patients with medium-chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency have impaired oxidation of fat during exercise but no effect of L-carnitine supplementation. J Clin Endocri
  30. Prohaska ES, Muzyk AJ, Rivelli SK. Levocarnitine-induced hypophosphatemia in a hemodialysis patient with acute valproic acid toxicity. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2012 Winter;24(1):E18-9. PubMed
  31. Shang R, Sun Z, Li H. Effective dosing of L-carnitine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2014 Jul 21;14:88. PubMed
  32. Zhang JJ, Wu ZB, Cai YJ, Ke B, Huang YJ, Qiu CP, Yang YB, Shi LY, Qin J. L-carnitine ameliorated fasting-induced fatigue, hunger, and metabolic abnormalities in patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled study. Nutr J. 2014 Nov 26;13:110. PubMed
  33. Koeth RA, Wang Z, Levison BS, Buffa JA, Org E, Sheehy BT, Britt EB, Fu X, Wu Y, Li L, Smith JD, DiDonato JA, Chen J, Li H, Wu GD, Lewis JD, Warrier M, Brown JM, Krauss RM, Tang WH, Bushman FD, Lusis AJ, Hazen SL. Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carn
  34. Jun DW, Kim BI, Cho YK, Kim HJ, Kwon YO, Park SY, Han SY, Baek YH, Jung YJ, Kim HY, Kim W, Heo J, Woo HY, Hwang SG, Rim KS, Choi JY, Bae SH, Lee YS, Lim YS,Cheong JY, Cho SW, Lee BS, Kim SH, Sohn JH, Kim TY, Paik YH, Kim JK, Lee KS. Efficacy and safety of
  35. An JH, Kim YJ, Kim KJ, et al. L-carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with hypothyroidism on levothyroxine treatment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Endocr J. 2016;63(10):885-95. PubMed
  36. Chen N, Yang M, Zhou M, Xiao J, Guo J, He L. L-carnitine for cognitive enhancement in people without cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3:CD009374. PubMed
  37. Khajeh B, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Nasiri-Toosi M, Mohammadi K, Jafari A. Effects of pre-transplant L-carnitine supplementation on primary graft dysfunction in liver transplant recipients: a pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Res Pharm Sci. PubMed
  38. Kubota K, Uojima H, Shao X, et al. Additional L-carnitine Reduced the Risk of Hospitalization in Patients with Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy on Rifaximin. Dig Dis 2021. PubMed
  39. Amini L, Yaghini O, Ghazavi M, Aslani N. L-carnitine versus propranolol for pediatric migraine prophylaxis. Iran J Child Neurol 2021;15(2):77-86.
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Betaine Anhydrous 11 references
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